ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (237)
  • Lepidoptera  (156)
  • Gas chromatography  (81)
  • Springer  (237)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (237)
  • 1989  (133)
  • 1988  (104)
Collection
  • Articles  (237)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (237)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food consumption and utilization by 6th-instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: a comparison on three Picea (spruce) species (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; food consumption and utilization ; spruce ; Picea glauca ; Picea rubra ; Picea mariana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'auteur a déterminé la quantité d'aliments utilisées, à 22±0,5 °C, par des larves de Tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette parvenues à leur sixième stade de développement qui s'étaient nourries d'un régime artificiel et d'aiguilles de l'année en cours lyophilisées et réduites en poudre, prélevées à deux dates différentes, à 10 jours d'intervalle, et provenant d'épinettes blanchés (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), d'épinettes rouges (Picea rubra Sarg.) et d'épinettes noires (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Les femelles ont invariablement ingéré une quantité significativement plus importante de tous les régimes que les mâles, consommant 24% de plus d'aiguilles d'épinette noire et 73% de plus d'aiguilles d'épinette blanche. Les femelles prenaient en général plus de temps pour parvenir au stade de chrysalide et avaient un taux d'utilisation des aliments significativement plus élevé. L'efficacité nette de la croissance chez les deux sexes ne présentait toutefois aucune différence significative. La performance des larves ayant ingéré des aiguilles provenant de deux classes d'âge différait de façon significative mais non pas uniforme d'un régime à l'autre: les aiguilles d'épinette blanche plus récentes donnaient une performance généralement plus élevée contrairement aux aiguilles plus jeunes d'épinette rouge et d'épinette noire. Les larves ingéraient une quantité significativement plus élevée, avaient un taux de consommation et de croissance supérieur et augmentaient davantage leur biomasse avec des aiguilles d'épinette blanche. L'efficacité d'utilisation des aliments et le taux de croissance relatif étaient de faibles à modérément faibles pour un lépidoptère arboricole phyllophage; la vitesse d'ingestion relative était élevée. La qualité des aiguilles des trois essences d'épinettes était faible. Les aiguilles d'épinette blanche permettaient aux larves d'avoir une performance significativement plus élevée, performance mesurée à partir de plusieurs critères, alors que les aiguilles d'épinette rouge et d'épinette noire donnaient une performance égale. La supériorité des performances obtenues avec l'épinette blanche explique la plus grande vulnérabilité de cette essence à la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of tree species, shoot age, and sex of larvae on food consumption and utilization were investigated in a factorial experiment. Diets prepared from lyophilized and powdered current-year shoots, from two age classes (sample dates) of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea rubra, Sarg., and Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., were evaluated for eight performance criteria. All factors had significant effects on all criteria except for tree species on assimilation efficiency, shoot age on development time, and sex on net growth efficiency. Eight of the possible 24 two-factor interactions and one of the possible eight three-factor interactions were significant. Food utilization efficiencies and relative growth rate were in the low and moderate characterization limits for immature arthropods; relative consumption rates were high. The higher performance values on Picea glauca were related to this species greater vulnerability to spruce budworm. Performance criteria of similar larvae on an artificial diet were compared with those on the foliage-diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414045
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Mamestra suasa male moths to synthetic pheromone compounds in a wind tunnel (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; wind tunnel ; sex attraction ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-11-hexadecenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'observation et la comptabilisation des vols orientés et des atterrissages des mâles de Mamestra suasa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) sur une source de phéromone de synthèse ont mis en évidence un mélange attractif appelé mélange B et constitué par 100 ng de Z11-16: Ac et 1 ng de Z11-16: Ald. L'attraction et l'atterrissage sont sous la dépendance du mélange de ces 2 composés. Les variations de leurs proportions relatives affectent les différentes phases du comportement de vol des mâles. L'addition de 10 ng d'acétoxy-1 tetradécène-9 Z (Z9-14: Ac) diminue significativement les proportions de vols orientés et d'atterrissages par rapport aux réponses obtenues avec le mélange B seul. L'effet inhibiteur de cette molécule sur l'attractivité du mélange B et la présence chez M. suasa d'un récepteur spécialisé dans la perception de ce composé suggèrent que le Z9-14: Ac est impliqué dans la communication chimique entre M. suasa et d'autres espèces sympatriques. L'addition d'hexadécènol-11 Z (Z11-16: OH) au mélange B à la dose de 1 ou 10 ng ne modifie pas les réponses des mâles. Ce composé ne semble pas impliqué dans la communication chimique chez M. suasa.
    Notes: Abstract The upwind flight and landing responses of male Mamestra suasa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) to various synthetic chemicals were studied in a wind tunnel. A mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16: Ac) and (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald) elicited upwind flight responses past the midpoint of the wind tunnel, and both components were necessary for landing of the males to occur at the pheromone source point. The best response to the mixtures tested was to a ratio 100:1 (ng) of Z11-16: Ac and Z11-16: Ald (blend B). The addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14: Ac) (10 ng) to blend B resulted in a significant decrease of upwind flight and landing responses. The inhibitory effect of this chemical when it is mixed with blend B, and the presence of a specific receptor for this compound in sensilla trichodea of male M. suasa, suggest that Z9-14: Ac is involved in the chemical communication between M. suasa and other sympatric species. The addition of (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16: OH) (1 or 10 ng) to blend B had no effect on male upwind flight and landing responses. This compound does not seem to be involved in the chemical communication of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369235
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Z-linked inheritance of male olfactory response to sex pheromone components in two species of tortricid moths, Ctenopseustis obliquana and Ctenopseustis sp. (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Inheritance ; receptor ; single sensillum ; electrophysiology ; Ctenopseustis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; olfactory response ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réactions olfactives des sensilles mâles sensibles aux phéromones ont été examinées par enregistrement de l'extrémité de la sensille chez les tordeuses C. obliquana Walker et C. sp. ‘ropeana’. Les enregistrements ont porté sur 281 sensilles des lignées parentales et des croisements réciproques de F1, F2 et de croisements en retour maternel et paternel. Les résultats des enregistrements d'une sensille ont été soumis à une analyse en composantes principales. Chez les mâles de chaque lignée parentale un seul type physiologique de sensille a été découvert; une cellule répond par un pic grand au principal constituant de la phéromone femelle conspécifique. (Z)-8-acétate tétradécényl (Z8-14:OAc) pour C. obliquana, et (Z)-5-acétate tétradécényl (Z5-14:OAc) pour C. sp. ‘ropeana’. Une seconde type de cellule dans les sensilles des deux espèces de mâles présente un pic petit pour Z5-14:OAc et pour l'acétate tétradécyl (14:OAc) chez C. obliquana, et pour C. sp. ‘ropeana’ au Z8-14:OAc. Les réponses des sensilles des différents types de mâles hybrides sont plus hétérogènes que celles des sensilles de leurs pères. Un schéma général pourrait cependant être décelé, correspondant au schéma prévu avec une hérédité d'un facteur dominant liée au sexe sur le chromosome Z de C. sp. ‘ropeana’. La variation plus accentuée chez les hybrides ne peut être expliquée par ce modèle, et pourrait impliquer des gènes additionnels.
    Notes: Abstract The olfactory response from male pheromone sensitive sensilla was investigated in the endemic New Zealand brownheaded leafrollers Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) and C. sp. ‘ropeana’ (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). The responses from 281 sensilla from the parental strains and from both the reciprocal crosses, including F1, F2 and maternal and paternal backcrosses were recorded, and statistically analysed using a multivariate analysis. In males of both the parental strains, a large amplitude cell responded to the main pheromone component of the conspecific female, in C. obliquana (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14:OAc) and in C. sp ‘ropeana’ (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (Z5-14:OAc). Both male types also possessed a small amplitude cell, which in C. obliquana responded weakly to Z5-14:OAc and tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), and in C. sp ‘ropeana’ responded to Z8-14:OAc. The responses from the different types of hybrid males were more variable than the responses from parental males. A main pattern could, however be seen, corresponding with the expected pattern in a sex-linked inheritance on the Z-chromosome of a C. sp ‘ropeana’ type dominant genetic factor. The more pronounced variation in the hybrids could not be explained by this model, and might be due to the involvement of additional genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187995
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant activity of bisabolangelone and its analogs against larvae of Pieris brassicae (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Antifeedant ; insecticide ; bisabolangelone ; analog ; feeding ; growth ; molting ; mortality ; sesquiterpenoid ; development ; phago-stimulant ; Pieris brassicae L. ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Angelica silvestris L. ; Umbelliferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisabolangelone und drei Analoge wurden unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen auf ihre frasshemmende Wirkung in Raupen von Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) geprüft. Die Resultate von Zweifach-Wahlversuchen zeigten, dass sowohl die frasshemmende als auch die insektizide Wirkung von Bisabolangelone in den Analogen stark reduziert ist oder ganz verloren ging. Weitere Untersuchungen mit niedrigen Bisabolangelone-Dosen zeigten, dass das Fehlen von wohlschmeckender Nahrung zu einer drastischen Reduktion der Nahrungsaufnahme und des Wachstums der Raupen sowie zur Verhinderung der Häutung und zu hoher Mortalität führt. Deformationen, wie sie von bisabolangelone-behandelten Vorratsschädlingen gemeldet wurden, konnten bei P. brassicae nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notes: Abstract Bisabolangelone and three analogs were assayed, under laboratory conditions, for their antifeedant activity against Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae. The results of dual-choice studies revealed that the potent antifeedant activity of bisabolangelone is greatly reduced or lost in the analogs. Insecticidal activity observed in the former was not detected either. Further studies using the lower rates of bisabolangelone showed that the absence of a preferable food resulted in a drastic reduction in feeding and growth, and produced high mortality and inhibition of molting. No developmental deformities reported in stored product insects treated with bisabolangelone were observed in P. brassicae during our studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162857
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic signaling, territoriality, and mating in whistling moths,Hecatesia thyridion (Agaristidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Hecatesia ; Agaristidae ; Lepidoptera ; oths ; territoriality ; leks ; sound production ; scent marking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the agaristid moth Hecatesia thyridiondefend small patches of coastal heathland in southwestern Australia in the late afternoon. As they fly back and forth low over their territories, they produce an acoustical signal. Neighboring males commonly fly toward each other; these interactions often result in aerial duels, with the eventual departure of one of the males. Playback experiments established that males were attracted to the sounds of other males. Females were observed to fly into territories and eventually mate with the signaling occupant. Marked males sometimes returned to the same spot on consecutive days. On any given day males occupied only a fraction of the sites that were acceptable territories. The mating system of H. thyridionappears to be a dispersed lek, with males acoustically advertising territories that are used for mating and not for feeding or oviposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053616
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The courtship behavior of the cabbage moth,Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the role of male hair-pencils (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 227-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Mamestra brassicae ; cabbage moth ; hair pencils ; volatiles ; courtship behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The courtship behavior of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae(L.), was studied in moving air conditions in a wind tunnel, using video techniques. Quantitative analyses were undertaken to determine the behavioral sequence occurring in the courtship. Comparison of successful and unsuccessful courtship suggested that courtship success was more dependent on the behavior of the female than that of the male. In an attempt to elucidate the function of the male hair-pencils (HPs), courtships involving males without HPs were also studied. HP removal did not affect the overall courtship success rate of males, but detailed analysis showed significant changes infernale behavior during such courtships. HP removal also affected female behavior following pair formation, with females struggling more when paired with males without HPs. Consequently, it is proposed that the HP volatiles act as an arrestant for the female, both during courtship and after pair formation, to increase female acceptance and to prevent premature termination of copulation. Experiments were also conducted to test previous hypotheses for HP function. However, no evidence was found to suggest that the HP volatiles in M. brassicaeact to attract females, affect female calling behavior, or affect the behavior of other males. A further possible function of HPs in defense is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053294
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male mate-locating behavior inEuphydryas chalcedona (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) related to pupation site preferences (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: mate-locating behavior ; butterfly ; Euphydryas chalcedona ; Lepidoptera ; pupation sites ; sexual discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas chalcedona)patrol and perch near but not on the larval foodplant in search of females. Experiments with tethered butterflies show that searching males chase virgin females for longer times than they do mated females or males. The larvae leave the larval food-plant to pupate. The correspondence between the distance from the larval foodplant to pupation sites and where males search for females suggests that male mate-locating behavior has evolved to maximize the rate of encounters with newly emerged, virgin females. These conclusions are compared to a recent analysis of butterfly mating systems by Odendaal et al. (Am. Nat. 125: 673–678, 1985).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054526
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of varying sex pheromone component ratios on the zigzagging flight movements of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 357-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Grapholita molesta ; Lepidoptera ; optomotor anemotaxis ; pheromone ; counterturn ; zigzag ; flight ; orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As the ratio of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8–12∶Ac) to (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12∶Ac) increased past optimal low levels in the pheromone blend, fewer males were able to fly 2.5 m upwind to the source. The tracks of males that flew in plumes of such high-(E)off-blends were slower and narrower than those of males flying to lower-(E)blends. The tracks were narrower, first of all, because as the proportion of E8–12∶Ac increased, the males steered more into the wind. More of their thrust was directed upwind and therefore their groundspeed to either side of the windline was reduced. In addition, males also reduced their airspeeds to high-(E)blends, which contributed to the decreased groundspeeds and narrower tracks. No significant changes in the frequency of counterturning were found in response to increasing proportions of E8–12∶Ac. The inability to continue upwind flight in a plume of an off ratio was indicated by in-flight arrestment in the plume. Arrestment resulted from changes in the course angles steered by the males and the airspeeds flown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054498
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization and sex-pheromone responses among members of the Yponomeuta padellus-complex (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; interspecific crosses ; hybrids ; sex-pheromone communication ; host-plant preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Des individus d'espèces très proches à l'intérieur du complexe Yponomeuta padellus ont été croisés; les hybrides ont été croisés entre eux et leurs fécondité et viabilité examinées. 2. Le taux d'accouplements a été généralement plus faible que celui des témoins. Les croisements Y. malinellus x Y. rorellus, Y. padellus x Y. rorellus, et Y. rorellus x Y. malinellus n'ont donné aucune descendance, tandis que les chenilles de Y. malinellus x Y. cagnagellus, Y. padellus x Y. cagnagellus et Y. padellus x Y. malinellus sont mortes avant le stade imaginal. Bien que des descendants féconds des deux sexes pouvaient être obtenus à partir de la plupart des croisements, leurs effectifs étaient faibles. Seuls les croisements où intervenaient des femelles de Y. cagnagellus, ont fourni assez de filles pour permettre des expériences avec des phéromones. 3. La viabilité, le rythme circadian de l'activité sexuelle, les réponses aux phéromones et le choix de la plante pour la ponte ont été examinés chez les hybrides des 3 croisements réussis avec Y. cagnagellus comme mère. 4. Le poids des chrysalides et la durée du développement de cette progéniture a montré une dominance de Y. cagnagellus, tandis que les caractères morphologiques étaient intermédiaires. Des indices d'un développement difficile ont été une modification du rythme d'éclosions et un biais dans la fréquence des sexes. On a aussi, observé une certaine stérilité, c'està-dire que 10% environ des F1 cagnagellus x malinellus étaient intersexués, et que la plupart des femelles F1 cagnagellus x rorellus n'ont pas présenté de comportement d'appel. Les femelles ont manifesté une légère préférence pour appeler à partir de la plante hôte maternelle. L'âge du premier appel a révélé une dominance partielle de Y. malinellus et de Y. padellus. 5. Les mâles hybrides ont répondu fortement aux phéromones des femelles hybrides correspondantes. Les réponses des hybrides mâles F1 et F2 aux phéromones parentales ont montré que la réponse était orientée spécifiquement par la dominance de Y. cagnagellus sur Y. malinellus et une codominance de Y. cagnagellus et Y. padellus. 6. Ces résultats ont indiqué les possibilités d'échanges géniques en l'absence de barrière avant la copulation. Ainsi, l'isolement reproductif des 4 espèces est maintenu par la spécificité des phéromones sexuelles femelles et renforcé par les signaux du comportement de pariade.
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific crosses were made among four closely related members of the Yponomeuta padellus-complex. The results show the potential for gene exchange in the absence of pre-mating barriers. However, mating success was generally lower in the interspecific crosses than in the control crosses. No progeny were obtained from crosses between Y. malinellus Zeller x Y. rorellus (Hübner), Y. padellus (L.) x Y. rorellus and Y. rorellus x Y. malinellus, whereas larvae from Y. malinellus x Y. cagnagellus (Hübner), Y. padellus x Y. cagnagellus and Y. padellus x Y. malinellus did not reach the adult stage. Hybrids of three successful crosses with Y. cagnagellus as maternal species were examined for viability, circadian rhythm of sexual activity, sex-pheromone responses and female host-plant preferences. Developmental problems were found for the crosses cagnagellus x malinellus and cagnagellus x rorellus. Pupal weights and developmental time indicated dominance of Y. cagnagellus, while morphological characters were intermediate to the parents. The age of first calling indicates incomplete dominance of Y. malinellus and Y. padellus, while female moths showed a slight preference for the maternal host plant for calling activities. Hybrid males showed high responsiveness to the corresponding hybrid females. Responses to the parental species indicate that the inheritance of the pheromone-response specificity is governed by a dominance of Y. cagnagellus over Y. malinellus and co-dominance between Y. cagnagellus and Y. padellus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376400
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic diapause induction suppressed at low temperatures in a long-day insect (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 788-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; diapause ; photoperiodic induction curves ; low temperature influence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The long-day insectYponomeuta vigintipunctatus was subjected to various combinations of temperature and photoperiod. The photoperiodic induction curve at 10°C resembled the one at 20°C, but with a shift of the critical photoperiod towards the shorter day-length. Such unusual averting of diapause at lower temperatures in combination with intermediate long-day photoperiods has still been described in only few insect species of the temperate zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959167
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbivory in holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects: contrasts between Orthoptera and Lepidoptera (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Orthoptera ; digestive efficiency ; allelochemistry ; cytochrome P450 ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adaptation to a phytophagous diet involves physiological compromises that may be influenced by developmental constraints. In this review, we compare patterns of hostplant utilization with respect to nutrition and allelochemistry in representative holometabolous (lepidopteran) and hemimetabolous (orthopteran) species in order to identify those potential constraints. Overall in Lepidoptera greater molting efficiency and gut permeability, which enhance nutritional efficiency, result in higher exposure to allelochemicals and are associated with greater activity and inducibility of cytochrome P450 monoxygenase detoxication enzymes. In contrast, in Orthoptera, relative impermeability to allelochemicals due to the peritrophic membrane and cuticular sclerotization is associated with reduced nutritional efficiency and lower detoxication enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951808
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paternal allocation of sequestered plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid to eggs in the danaine butterfly,Danaus gilippus (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 896-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; pyrrolizidine alkaloid ; pheromone ; sexual selection ; nuptial gift ; egg defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestered by adult maleDanaus gilippus from plants is transferred in large measure to the female at mating, and by the female to the eggs. The eggs, presumably, are protected as a result. The male's courtship pheromone, danaidone, derived from the sequestered alkaloid, may function to advertise the male's alkaloid-donating capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954068
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromones of three small ermine moths found on the European spindle tree (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Yponomeuta cagnagellus ; Yponomeuta irrorellus ; Yponomeuta plumbellus ; Yponomeuta padellus ; sex pheromone ; reproductive isolation ; gas chromatography ; tetradecyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; hexadecyl acetate ; tetradecanol ; (E)-11-tetradecanol ; (Z)-11-tetradecenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse a porté sur les phéromones sexuelles de 3 Yponomeutidae, trouvés en sympatrie sur le fusain. Des expériences sur le comportement de Y. cagnagellus ont montré que la fraction acétate de tétradécyl de la phéromone synergise les fractions connues antérieurement: (E)-11- et (Z)-11-acétates de tétradécényl, lorsque les proportions sont 37/2/100. L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse d'extraits de glandes à phéromone de Y. irrorellus a mis en évidence, dans les proportions approximatives suivantes 68/56/100/9/6/8/7, de l'acétate de tétradécyl, des (E)-11 et (Z)-11 acétates de tétradécényl, du tétradécanol, des (E)-11 et (Z)-11-tétradécénols, et de l'acétate d'hexadécyl. Un mélange de ces composés a provoqué un vol intégral contre le vent des mâles dans un tunnel à vent et a attiré les mâles dans la nature. L'analyse des extrait de glandes à phéromone de Y. plumbellus a donné de l'acétate de tétradécyl, du (E)-11-acétate de tétradécényl et du (Z)-11-acétate de tétradécényl, dans les proportions: 50/150/100. Une étude par élimination dans la nature a montré que les acétates non saturés étaient les composés fondamentaux de la phéromone. La teneur en (Z)-11-acétate de tétradécényl de la glande à phéromone de Y. plumbellus était d'environ 0.5 ng par femelle, soit approximativement le dixième de celle observée chez les deux autres espèces. Une très faible attraction croisée a été trouvée avec des phéromones totalement synthétisées. Lorsque l'acétate de (E)-11-tétradécényl a été enlevé des phéromones de Y. irrorellus et Y. plumbellus, le reliquat a attiré des nombres significatifs de Y. cagnagellus. Nous en concluons que des mélanges de trois composés ou plus, avec des proportions spécifiques des isomères (E) et (Z), sont indispensables pour une activité complète et pour maintenir un isolement reproductif précopulatoire entre les espèces.
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromones produced by virgin females of three species of small ermine moths occurring sympatrically on the European spindle tree were analysed by gas chromatography and the synthetic compounds tested against male moths in the laboratory and field. Pheromone gland extracts of Yponomeuta cagnagellus were shown to contain tetradecyl acetate, (E)-11- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, tetradecanol, (E)-11- and (Z-11-tetradecenol and hexadecyl acetate in 30/3/100/6/0/7/42) ratio. Wind tunnel bioassays and field tests showed that (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate primary pheromone components, and that tetradecyl acetate synergised their attractiveness. The alcohols were unimportant in these tests. Analysis of the pheromone gland extracts from Y. irrorellus showed the above components in 68/56/100/9/6/8/17 ratio, and a mixture of these attracted male moths in laboratory and field. Omission of either unsaturated acetate gave unattractive mixtures, and the alcohols were also found to be important for attraction. Pheromone gland extracts from Y. plumbellus were shown to contain the seven components in 46/148/100/20/20/13/25 ratio. Field tests showed that the two monounsaturated acetates are primary pheromone components, and removal of the alcohols had no significant effect. The titre of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in Y. plumbellus pheromone gland extracts was approximately 0.5 ng per female, one tenth the titre in the other two species. It is concluded that mixtures of three or more pheromone components with specific E/Z ratio are essential for full attraction and contribute towards premating reproductive isolation of the three species. Other factors such as rate of pheromone emission, time of flight and height of flight may also contribute to reproductive isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186997
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of host developmental state on host suitability and reproductive biology of the parasitoid Eucelatoria bryani (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Tachinidae ; Diptera ; host-parasitoid relationship ; host suitability ; progeny production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les influences de l'état de développement de l'hôte sur le taux de parasitisme, la production de descendants, l'émergence des adultes et le taux sexuel de la techinaire E. bryani Sabrosky ont été examinés au laboratoire. Un parasitisme réussi,-qui entraîne la formation d'un parasitoïde adulte-, s'effectue dans les chenilles de stades 2 à 5 et dans les prénymphes d'Heliothis zea Boddie. II s'agit d'un élargissement considérable de la gamme connue des tailles convenables d'hôtes. Bien que le parasitisme n'ait jamais réussi avec les chenilles de premier stade, une très forte mortalité, 93% a été observée quand ces petites chenilles ont été exposées à la tachinaire. Pour permettre l'introduction par le larvipositeur des asticots dans la chenille, la mouche perfore la cuticule de l'hôte avec un sclérite modifié; ainsi, une grande partie de la mortalité est provoquée vraisemblablement par le traumatisme dû au parasitoïde. Le succès du parasitisme a augmenté en fonction du développement de l'hôte du second stade (30%) au cinquième stade (95%), pour tomber à 63% dans les prénymphes. Cependant, aucune des prénymphes exposées aux mouches n'a été capable de donner des papillons. Les production moyennes de pupes et de mouches par chenille effectivement parasitée ont augmenté avec le stade de développement de l'hôte pouratteindre dans les prénymphes respectivement 14,5±1,33 et 10,6±1,02. Le taux sexuel des mouches obtenues a été très variable pour les différents stades de développement des chenilles, sans qu'aucune corrélation ait pu être mise en évidence. Une formule permettant de calculer un ‘indice d'adéquation de l'hôte’ est proposé. Cet indice permet une comparaison directe des impacts globaux et des potentiels reproducteurs des femelles de E. bryani attaquant des hôtes à différents stades.
    Notes: Abstract Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) successfully parasitized 2nd through 5th instars and prepupal Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory. Percent successful parasitism (that which resulted in the production of adult parasitoid progeny) increased with host developmental state, reaching 95% in 5th instars, but fell to 63% in prepupae. While 25% of the exposed prepupae metamorphosed to pupae, none developed into adults. E. bryani maggots emerged from only 5% of H. zea pupae. The mean number of fly puparia and adults produced per successfully parasitized larva increased with host stadium, reaching 14.5±1.33 (SEM) and 10.6±1.02, respectively, in prepupae. The sex ratio of adult parasitoid progeny per host larval stadium was variable, and did not appear to follow a pattern. A formula for calculating a ‘host favorability index’ is presented. This index allows a direct comparison of the overall impact and reproductive potential of E. bryani attacking hosts of varying developmental states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365398
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palmitic acid as a component of the male-to-male inhibitory pheromone of the summerfruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Adoxophyes orana ; inhibition ; Lepidoptera ; male pheromone ; myristic acid ; palmitic acid ; summerfruit tortrix ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414055
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of pheromone chemistry to identify Grapholita lobarzewskii as an occasional pest of apple and plum (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Grapholita lobarzewskii ; Grapholita janthinana ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Chemische Analysen und Feldversuche zeigen, dass das Sexualpheromon des Kleinen Fruchtwicklers, G. lobarzewskii aus (E)-8-Dodecenylacetat (Z8-12:Ac) und (Z)-8-Dodecenylacetat (Z8-12:Ac) besteht. Die grösste Lockwirkung wurde mit einem Gemisch der beiden Substanzen bei einem E-Anteil von 80–95% erzielt. Dodecylacetat (12:Ac) und Tetradecylacetat (14:Ac) wurden ebenfalls in den weiblichen Pheromondrüsen nachgewiesen, hatten aber im Freiland keinen Einfluss auf die Lockwirkung. G. lobarzewskii tritt seit einiger Zeit in der Schweiz als Schädling von Apfel und Zwetschge auf und ist an ihrem charakteristischem Frassgang leicht erkennbar. Die Art wurde bisher irrtümlich als G. janthinana bezeichnet. G. janthinana lebt auf Rosaceen, und wird vom gleichen Substanzpaar angelockt, allerdings bei umgekehrtem Mischungsverhältnis (20% E).
    Notes: Abstract As shown by chemical analysis and field trapping, the sex pheromone of Grapholita lobarzewskii consists of a blend of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate. Maximum attractiveness was found at 80–95%. Dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate, both present in the female gland, did not affect trap catch. G. lobarzewskii has recently gained importance as a pest of apple and plum, but has so far been referred to as Grapholita janthinana. The latter is attracted to the same two compounds, but in reversed portions (20% E).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187994
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiod, temperature and ecdysteroid influences on physiological interactions between diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis larvae and the tachinid parasitoid Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata ; Tachinidae ; Diptera ; larval development ; host-parasitoid relationship ; diapause ; development synchronization ; ecdysteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les interrelations entre O. nubilalis et le tachinidae P. nigrolineata ont été étudiées dans des conditions abiotiques telles que l'hôte présente un développement avec diapause. La rupture de la diapause a été obtenue par modifications des conditions abiotiques et/ou injection d'ecdystérone. Si le passage au froid a lieu 25 jours après la mue 4/5 et s'il dure 10 semaines, plus de 90% des larves non parasitées lèvent leur diapause. Le temps nécessaire pour obtenir la chrysalidation est corrélé avec l'âge à la mise au froid et surtout avec la durée du froid. Les injections d'ecdystérone, 25 jours après la mue 4/5, chez les larves non parasitées et n'ayant pas séjourné au froid, provoquent la levée de diapause dans un fort pourcentage de cas, mais seulement si les larves ont été transférées en photopériode longue; le temps de chrysalidation est fortement réduit chez les larves injectées par rapport aux témoins placés sous la même photopériode. Chez les larves d'O. nubilalis parasitées au début du 5ème stade larvaire, les larves de P. nigrolineata se développent de la même façon que chez les non diapausantes jusqu'au début du 2ème stade, puis la croissance s'arrête aux environs de 1 mg. Par modification des conditions abiotiques, la larve du parasitoïde ne reprend sa croissance qu'à la levée de diapause de l'hôte et continue ensuite son développement jusqu'à la pupaison qui intervient 25–30 jours après les modifications. Cette synchronisation étroite des développements du parasitoïde et de l'hôte peut être rompue par l'injection d'ecdystérone dans l'hôte; en effet, une faible dose induit la reprise de la croissance du parasitoïde, sans provoquer l'apolyse de l'hôte. Des doses plus élevées provoquent à la fois la reprise immédiate du développement de P. nigrolineata (la formation des pupes intervient alors 6–10 jours après) et l'apolyse de l'hôte. Le parasitoïde augmente la sensibilité de l'hôte: avec la même dose, le pourcentage d'apolyse est plus élevé chez les hôtes parasités que chez les non parasités.
    Notes: Abstract The developmental relationships between Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and the tachinid parasitoid Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata Walker (Diptera, Tachinidae) are described under abiotic conditions which induce development of the host with diapause. Diapause termination was accomplished by modifications of abiotic conditions and/or by ecdysterone injection. Pupation time was correlated with the age at chilling and with the chilling period. Ecdysterone injection in non-parasitized larvae, 25 days after the 4/5 moult, gave a high percentage of diapause termination only under a long day photoperiod and strongly reduced the pupation time. In diapausing larvae parasitized at the beginning of the fifth instar, P. nigrolineata larva develops in the same way as in non-diapausing ones during the first instar, but stops growth in the second, near a weight of 1 mg. When diapause was broken by modifications of obiotic conditions, the parasitoid larva resumes its growth only at host diapause termination (pupariae are obtained 25–30 days after the modifications). The close synchronization between parasitoid and host development is broken by injection of low dose of ecdysterone. Higher doses induce at once parasitoid growth (pupariae are obtained 6–10 days thereafter) and also host apolysis. The parasitoid larvae increase the host sensitivity to exogenous ecdysteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of four components from the female sex pheromone of the lima-bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sex pheromone ; lima-bean pod borer ; Etiella zinckenella ; Lepidoptera ; Phycitidae ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; tetradecyl acetate ; Hungary ; Egypt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A partir de femelles d'E. zinckenella d'origines hongroise et égyptienne, nous avons isolé quatre composés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec ionisation de flamme et électroantennographie (EAD): l'acétate de tétradécanyl, l'acétate (Z)-11-tétradécényl, l'acétate (E)-11-tétradécényl et l'acétate (Z)-11-tétradécényl. Les acétates monoinsaturés donnent les meilleures réponses en EAG parmi une série d'acétates tétradécényls et de tétradécénols. Les quatre composés mélangés dans les mêmes proportions que dans l'extrait de la phéromone ont attiré un nombre significatif de mâles tant en Egypte qu'en Hongrie. Dans un test préliminaire de soustraction, la meilleure capture a été réalisée par le mélange ternaire d'acétates monoinsaturés.
    Notes: Abstract Four compounds, tetradecyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate were identified from female sex pheromone extracts of Hungarian and Egyptian lima-bean pod borers (Etiella zinckenella Tr., Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) by gas chromatography with flame ionization (FID) and electroantennographic (EAD) detection. In EAG studies these monoun-saturated acetates gave the best responses in a series of other tetradecenyl acetates and tetradecenols. The four component blend of the identified components in similar ratios as in the pheromone extract attracted significant numbers of male lima-bean pod borers in both Hungary and Egypt. In a preliminary subtraction test best capture was achieved by the ternary mixture of the monounsaturated acetates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186727
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generalized model for quantifying behavioral de-sensitization to antifeedants (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: antifeedants ; aristolochic acid ; armyworm ; feeding ; desensitization ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'avenir des phagodissuadants en protection des cultures dépend, en particulier, de l'aptitude des insectes à devenir insensibles à ces substances. Les phagodissuadants sont classés en relatifs ou absolus, suivant que les insectes consomment les tissus traités ou se laissent mourir de faim. Cette propriété dépend beaucoup de la structure chimique, mais les paramètres biologiques n'ont pas été étudiés à fond. Des expériences ont donc été entreprises pour apprécier les effets combinés de jeûne et d'autres facteurs physiologiques dans l'apparition et l'évolution de la désensibilisation chez une espèce polyphage: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lep. Noctuidae). Des expériences préliminaires ont montré qu'un alcaloïde, l'acide aristolochique, est un puissant phagodissuadant pour S. frugiperda. Les chenilles, réparties en deux groupes expérimentaux, ont toutes été isolées et ont reçu chacune deux feuilles de Phaseolus lunatus: une témoin et une traitée avec 1000 ppm. Dans le groupe 1), les feuilles étaient remplacées dès consommation; dans le groupe 2), elles ne l'étaient pas. Un puissant effet dissuadant a été observé tout au long de l'expérience pour le groupe 1); dans le groupe 2), les chenilles ont finalement consommé les feuilles traitées. L'apparition de la désensibilisation était liée au jeûne. Quelques individus ont commencé à s'alimenter sur la rondelle traitée 3,5 heures aprés avoir totalement consommé la rondelle témoin; le temps médian du début de cette consommation a été de 5,7 h. Une fois la répulsion surmontée, les chenilles ont consommé le feuillage traité de la même façon que le feuillage témoin. Les expériences ont été recommencées avec les mêmes insectes, mais sans que les feuilles témoins aient alors été remplacées dans aucun des 2 groupes. Dans cette seconde expérience, les chenilles, qui avaient précédemment consommé des feuilles traitées, sont à nouveau dissuadées lors de choix binaires; cependant elles ont mangé plus rapidement les feuilles traitées, que ne l'ont fait les chenilles qui avaient disposé d'une source inépuisable de feuilles témoins. Elles se sont alimentées aussi plus facilement et plus généralement au cours de cette seconde expérience qu'au cours de la première. Quoi qu'il en soit, les deux groupes ont présenté finalement une désensibilisation. Un modèle mathématique général est proposé pour évaluer l'apparition et l'évolution de la désensibilisation. Les possibilités d'utilisation des phagodissuadants dans la protection des cultures sont discutées à la lumière de ces résultats.
    Notes: Abstract Fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. G. Smith), were exposed to leaf disks treated with the feeding deterrent aristolochic acid under two types of regimes: In group 1, untreated leaf tissue was replenished as soon as it was consumed; in group 2, the control tissue was not replenished. A strong feeding deterrence was evident during the early stages of the assay in both groups, but eventually declined in group 2. When the experiment was continued through a second 24 h period, the control tissue was not replenished for either group. During this second trial, group 2 larvae, which had previously fed on treated tissue, fed more rapidly on treated tissue than did group 1 larvae. Moreover, group 2 larvae fed more readily and extensively on treated tissue than they had in the first trial. The time for the onset of behavioral desensitization was determined by subtracting the median onset of feeding on untreated tissue from the median interval between when a larva finished all of the control tissue and when it started feeding on treated tissue under no-choice conditions. Once larvae began to feed on treated tissue, their rate of consumption was equal to that of larvae feeding on control tissue. A general model for determining the onset and degree of desensitization was developed. The implications of these results for future experiments aimed at determining the underlying physiological mechanisms and the use of antifeedants in plant protection are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187005
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments on the responses of the larval stages of the geometrid moth Ectropis excursaria to light and gravity (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; larvae ; geotaxis ; orientation ; Geometridae ; Ectropis excursaria ; gravity ; wandering stage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un comportement d'escalade du premier stade d'E. excursaria correspondant à l'addition des réponses à la gravité et à la lumière, est suggéré par la courbe d'intensité de la réponse à la lumière, dans un plan vertical (où la gravité constitue un stimulus en opposition avec la lumière) et un plan horizontal (où la gravité n'est pas en opposition). La réponse à la gravité a été modifiée par la courbure de la surface à escalader et du degré de privation d'aliment des chenilles. Sur une surface d'escalade de 2 cm de diamètre, l'orientation par rapport à la gravité se produit entre 20 et 30° par rapport à l'horizontale. Das run champ de centrifugation, un comportement analogue à une géotaxis négative se produit pour une accélération de 3,5 m s−2. L'analyse des tendances géotactiques des chenilles à tourner sur des plans inclinés suggère qu'elles présentent un comportement métagéotactique pour les inclinaisons de 40 à 90°. Des expériences d'immobilisation laissent penser que les antennes jouent un rôle dans la perception de la gravité. Les chenilles de stades ultérieurs ont présenté une géotaxie négative bien que la réponse à la gravité disparaisse chez les chenilles vagabondes en prénymphe. La prénymphose est aussi caractérisée par une inversion des réponses à la lumière.
    Notes: Abstract The intensity-response curve to light in a vertical plane (where gravity was a conflicting stimulus to light) and a horizontal plane (where gravity was not a conflicting stimulus) suggests that the climbing behaviour of the first instar Ectropis excursaria (Guénée) is consistent with a summation of response to gravity and a response to light. Response to gravity was affected by the curvature of the crawling surface and the level of food deprivation of the caterpillars. On a 2 cm diameter crawling surface orientation to gravity occurred at an inclination between 20° and 30° from the horizontal. In a centrifugal field, a behaviour analogous to negative geotaxis occurred at accelerations of 3.5 ms−2. Analysis of the geotactic turning tendencies of the caterpillar on flat inclined planes suggests that they exhibit meta-geotactic behaviour from inclinations of 40 to 90°. Negative geotaxis was exhibited by the caterpillars of later stadia although a response to gravity was lacking in the prepupal wandering caterpillars. The pre-pupal stage was also characterized by a reversal of the response to light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190843
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stalk damage on growth and yield of certain maize cultivars by the maize stalk borer Chilo partellus (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Chilo partellus maize ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la croissance et la production avec différents niveaux de minage des tiges de 4 cultivars de maïs, lors de divers degrés de contamination artificielle par des chenilles de C. partellus. Le cultivar sensible ‘Inbred A’ souffre plus des mines de C. partellus que ICZ1-CM, ICZ2-CM et Katumani composite B. Les mines influent significativement sur la croissance des 4 cultivars. Il y a une corrélation négative significative entre le minage des tiges et la production pour les cultivars ‘Inbred A’ et Katumani composite B, mais la relation n'est pas significative pour ICZ1-CM et ICZ2-CM. Les différences entre le minage des tiges et la récolte des 4 cultivars sont dues aux différents degrés de minage des tiges de ces cultivars par C. partellus.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of different degrees of stem tunneling caused by different levels of artificial infestation by the larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on growth and yield of 4 maize cultivars were studied. The susceptible ‘Inbred A’ suffered much more tunneling than ICZ1-CM, ICZ2-CM and Katumani Composite B. This tunneling influenced significantly the plant growth of all the four cultivars. There was a significant negative correlation between tunneling and yield for the cultivars ‘Inbred A’ and Katumani Composite B, but such a relationship was not significant for ICZ1-CM and ICZ2-CM. Such differences in the relationships between tunneling and yield among the 4 cultivars are due to different degrees of tunneling caused by C. partellus larvae to the plants of these cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190845
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservatives influence induction of feeding tolerance in Papilio demoleus larvae (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: preference ; induction ; feeding ; Papilio demoleus ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La prise de nourriture par des chenilles néonates de P. demoleus est aussi élevée sur régime avec agents de conservation qu'en leur absence, bien qu'elle soit inférieure à celle qui est observée sur les feuilles de son hôte Citrus limettioides. Cependant, quand les chenilles ont été élevées jusqu'au 5ème stade sur des feuilles de C. limettioides, ou sur des régimes avec ou sans conservateurs, leur prise de nourriture sur feuilles de C. limettioides, et régime sans conservateur est aussi importante. Toutes les chenilles élevées sur régime avec conservateur ont consommé lorsqu'elles avaient été maintenues sur le même régime. Par contre, leurs réactions face à un régime contenant des conservateurs a entraîné une diminution de près de 20% après élevage sur un régime sans conservateur, et de près de 90% après élevage sur feuilles de C. limettioides. Les chenilles semblent manifester de l'aversion envers les conservteurs si elles ont été élevées en leur absence, aversion renforcée lorsqu'il y avait eu préalablement alimentation sur feuilles de C. limettioides.
    Notes: Abstract The feeding responses of newly hatched larvae of Papilio demoleus on the diet with preservatives were as high as on the diet without preservatives though less than those on the host lime leaves. However, when the larvae were reared upto the 5th instar on the host lime leaves or the diet with or without preservatives, their feeding responses towards host lime leaves and the diet without preservatives were equally high. The diet with preservatives reared larvae showed 100% response when tested on the same diet. But their response towards diet with preservatives declined to 80% when the larvae were reared on the diet without preservatives and to 10% when they were reared on the host lime leaves. The larvae seem to have an aversion against the preservatives if reared in their absence which was enhanced by their experience of feeding on the host leaves during their ontogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343436
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum to the sex pheromone of its host Heliothis zea (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis zea ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; egg parasitoid ; sex pheromone ; kairomone ; host-community location ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences menées en olfactométrie avec le parasite oophage Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) et son hôte, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) donnent les résultats suivants. La présence de la phéromone sexuelle de l'hôte réduit de façon significative le nombre de passages entre les champs odorisés. De mème, les parasites visitent plus fréquemment le champ qui dispense l'odeur de la femelle en appel que le champ témoin placé à l'opposé. Par ailleurs, le temps passé dans le champ qui contient la phéromone sexuelle émise par les femelles vierges en appel est significativement supérieur à la durée de visite des champs témoins. Si l'on utilise comme source d'odeur des femelles vierges qui ne sont pas en appel, la réponse est inversée, les parasites sont alors repoussés par l'odeur de ces papillons et le nombre de visites est distribué de façon aléatoire entre les quatre champs. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le contexte de l'écologie du comportement de recherche chez les parasites oophages.
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents results of olfactometer experiments with the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its host the corn earworm moth, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The sex pheromone of the host significantly reduced the total number of border crossings between odour fields in the olfactometer. Also, female parasitoids made significantly more visits to the calling moth odour field than to the opposite control field in the olfactometer. Further, the wasps spent significantly more time in the olfactometer field containing the sex pheromone released by calling virgin moths, than in control fields. If non-calling virgin moths were used as odour source, the response was reversed and wasps were repelled by the odour of the moths, and the numbers of visits were evenly distributed over the four flow fields. These results are discussed in the context of foraging ecology of egg parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376410
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruption of pheromone communication in moths: is the natural blend really most efficacious? (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: behavioural thresholds ; Lepidoptera ; mating disruption ; pheromone blends ; pheromonal communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is widely assumed that a blend of pheromone components, that is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the natural sex attractant, is the most effective mating disruptant for moths. However, the literature contains only limited evidence supporting this assumption. The authors discuss the importance of comparing the relative effectiveness of complete and incomplete pheromone blends when evaluating the potential of mating disruption for controlling pest moths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188235
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Close-range behaviour of male pea moths, Cydia nigricana, responding to sex pheromone re-released via the substrate (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Cydia nigricana ; pea moth ; pheromone ; sex-attractant ; orientation ; anemotaxis ; substrate ; contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The close-range orientation behaviour of male pea moths, Cydia nigricana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to a substrate contaminated with synthetic sex pheromone was studied in the field. The substrate was a sheet of polypropylene ‘grass’ on a 1 m diam arena, on the upwind edge of which a pheromone trap had been placed previously for 1 h. After removal of the trap, moths continued to be attracted to the arena and to the vacated trap position. Video-recorded tracks showed that the moths behaved anemotactically whilst on the arena. When the arena was revolved so that the vacated trap position was on the downwind edge, moths continued to fly upwind on the arena, even though they were flying away from the original trap position and down a concentration gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188236
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary nicotine on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and its parasitoid, the ichneumonid wasp Hyposoter annulipes (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: tri-trophic level interactions ; nicotine ; alkaloid ; Hyposoter annulipes ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des quantités croissantes de nicotine dans l'alimentation ont prolongé la durée du développement des chenilles saines, bien que l'effet ait chuté aux concentrations les plus élevées. Le sexe de la noctuelle n'a pas eu d'effet sur la durée du développement ou l'action de la nicotine. L'influence de la nicotine sur le poids des chrysalides est inhabituel, en ce sens que les chrysalides les plus lourdes ont été obtenues aux concentrations moyennes. Des hypothèses sont proposés sur l'origine de ce phénomène. La mortalité et la durée de développement de H. annulipes ont augmenté et le poids des adultes a diminué quand la concentration de l'aliment de l'hôte en nicotine s'est élevée. L'effet différente de la nicotine sur des générations successives a pu provenir de modifications de la toxicité de la nicotine en fonction de changements dans la qualité de l'aliment. Quoi qu'il en soit, l'augmentation de la concentration de la nicotine dans l'alimentation de l'hôte a eu un effet négatif cohérent sur la valeur adaptative de H. annulipes.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nicotine (at a range of concentrations) in the food of an herbivorous host on the development, size and survival of its parasitoid. Fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were reared on diets of 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% nicotine and exposed to parasitism by Hyposoter annulipes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). As nicotine concentration increased parasitoid mortality and development time increased and adult weight decreased. Development time, pupal weight and survival were recorded for unparasitized armyworms. Unparasitized fall armyworms showed lengthened development and higher mortality but pupal weights were greatest at intermediate nicotine concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364193
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolement et identification de composés à activité phéromonale chez les femelles de l'arctiide Tyria jacobaeae: Détermination biologique de la configuration absolue du composé majoritaire (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae ; Sex Pheronome ; Behaviour ; Electroantennography ; Physico-chemistry ; (Z,Z)-3,6-Cis-9S,10R-epoxyheneicosadiene ; (Z,Z)-3,6-Cis-9,10-epoxyeicosadiene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; Lépidoptère ; Arctiidae ; Phéromone sexuelle ; Comportement ; Electroantennographie ; Physicochimie ; Epoxy-9S,10R-(Cis) hénéicosadiène-3Z,6Z ; Epoxy-9,10-(Cis) éicosadiène-3Z,6Z ; Hénéicosatriène-3Z,6Z,9Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The hexanic extracts from pheronomal glands of T. jacobaeae virgin females have been studied. Gas-chromatographic and mass-spectrometric analyses of the main component (no 1) (98%) in combination with behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays allowed us to determine its structure and absolue configuration: (Z,Z)-3,6-Cis-(S,R)9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene previously described in other Arctiid moths. A minor constituent (no 2) (1.5%) was identified as (Z,Z)-3,6-Cis-(S,R)9,10-epoxyeicosadiene by comparison with synthetic compound. This structure is a new one for a lepidoptera sex pheromone. The third component (no 3) of the same extracts has the same physico-chemical data as those of a previously reported constituent of another Arctiid moth: (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9 heneicosatriene.
    Notes: Abstract Les analyses physico-chimiques d'extraits hexaniques de glandes à phéromone de femelles vierges de T. jacobaeae, associées à des études du comportement sexuel et à l'électroantennographie, ont permis d'identifier le composé majoritaire (98%) comme étant l'époxy-9S,10R-(Cis)-hénéicosadiène-3Z,6Z (no 1) et de déterminer sa configuration absolue. Les analogies entre les spectres du composé no 2 (1,5%) et ceux de l'époxy-9S,10R éicosadiène-3Z,6Z de synthèse nous conduisent à proposer cette structure pour ce constituant minoritaire. Le troisième produit (0,5%) possède les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l'hénéicosatriène-3Z,6Z,9Z (no 3). Les produits 1 et 3 ont déjà été identifiés comme constituants de phéromones d'Arctiidae tandis que le produit 2 est décrit ici pour la première fois dans une sécrétion phéromonale de Lépidoptère.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364200
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between Trieces tricarinatus and Triclistus yponomeutae in multiparasitized hosts (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: competition ; multiparasitization ; parasitoid ; physical attack ; Trieces tricarinatus ; Triclistus yponomeutae ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La compétition entre les deux ichneumonides endoparasitoïdes solitaires Trieces tricarinatus Grav. et Triclistus yponomeutae Aeschl. a été examinée en élevant et disséquant des Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus Retz. attaqués le même jour par les deux parasitoïdes. Les résultats des dissections des hôtes multiattaqués ont été comparés à ceux des hôtes attaqués par un seul parasite, pour séparer la mortalité ou l'absence de parasitoïde provoquées par la compétition à celles dues à d'autres facteurs. On a constaté qu'un seul parasite était capable d'achever son développement. Dès que l'hôte était nymphosé et que les deux parasitoïdes étaient au premier stade larvaire, une des larves tuait sa compétitrice. Pour une fraction importante des larves éliminées, il a été possible de montrer qu'elles avaient été tuées par une aggression physique, pour les autres ce mode d'élimination était vraisemblable. L'espèce de parasitoïde qui survit dépend du nombre de jours entre la ponte des ichneumonides et la nymphose de l'hôte. Ce délai détermine le degré de développment des parasitoïdes et le moment réel de la compétition. Probablement, T. tricarinatus est le seul à survivre lorsque la nymphose de l'hôte a lieu avant l'éclosion des oeufs de T. yponomeutae.
    Notes: Abstract Competition between the solitary endoparasitoids Trieces tricarinatus (Gravenhorst) and Triclistus yponomeutae Aeschlimann (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) results in the survival of one or the other of them. Once the host, Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus (Retzius) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) has pupated and both parasitoids have completed their development to first instar larvae, one of the parasitoid larvae kills the other. Which of the parasitoids survives depends on the number of days between parasitization and pupation. As a result of their type of development, this period determines the extent of development of the parasitoids at the moment of actual competition. Apparently, T. tricarinatus survives only if pupation of the host occurs before egg hatching of T. yponomeutae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352216
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and development of Pieris brassicae larvae upon application of sublethal doses of chlordimeform (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Formamidines ; chlordimeform ; Lepidoptera ; behaviour ; starvation ; survival ; development ; sublethal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les chenilles de troisième et cinquième stades de P. brassicae L. ont reçu une application superficielle de chlordiméforme, insecticide à la formamidine. Les doses inférieures à 335 μg/g ont été sublétales, provoquant plusieurs formes d'excitation. Bien que leur comportement soit redevenu normal en 24 heures, les troisièmes stades traités ont eu leur développement retardé et une mortalité accrue. Le traitement des chenilles plus âgées a eu moins d'effets. Une relation est suggérée entre ces observations et le régime alimentaire de cet insecte; une réduction de l'alimentation, plus importante chez les chenilles de troisième que de cinquième stade de P. brassicae, accompagne le début des altérations du comportement provoquées par le chlordiméforme. La discussion porte sur le mécanisme de contrôle sublétal du chlordiméforme, impliquant des effects immédiats et retardés.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. are important pests of cruciferous crops. Third and fifth instars were treated topically with sublethal doses of the formamidine pesticide chlordimeform. A number of excitable actions were induced but they did not persist beyond 24 hours. Following the initial period, however, subsequent development was delayed and mortality increased, particularly when third instars were treated. Dosing fifth-instar larvae caused few further deaths. A link is suggested between these results and the nutritional status of the insects, and they are discussed in terms of how they might contribute towards control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185627
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The disruption of aggregation behaviour in Pieris brassicae larvae by chlordimeform (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; aggregation behaviour ; feeding ; chlordimeform ; crop protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un des effets sublétaux du chlordiméforme, insecticide formamidine, est une réduction de la prise de nourriture, par suite de l'altération du comportement. Celle-ci implique une action stimulant l'activité locomotrice du quatrième stade de P. brassicae L., moins sensible aux effets sur l'alimentation. Le but de ce travail est d'examiner comment le chlordiméforme agit sur le comportement des chenilles du second stade. Des chenilles sur des feuilles trempées dans le chlordiméforme (10-6 à 10-2) sont vite excitées, leur déplacements s'accélèrent et les groupements formés sont tous instables, l'alimentation y étant généralement éphémère. L'excitation se réduit au bout de 24 heures, le groupements se reforment, et l'alimentation reprend, bien que pour les concentrations ≥10-4 M, les chenilles aient été encore dispersées entre 24 et 30 heures, au moment où elles commençaient à s'alimenter sur les résidus de chlordiméforme. La perturbation de la concentration des chenilles sur des disques témoins a montré une relation directe entre la taille du groupe et le taux de croissance larvaire. Nous en avons conclu que chez les espèces de lépidoptères qui consomment groupées, une interaction avec l'agrégation larvaire contribue significativement à l'effet du chlordiméforme sur l'alimentation. La discussion porte sur les conséquences pour la croissance et la survie larvaire, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'installation des chenilles néonates.
    Notes: Abstract The behavioural basis for the reduction in feeding caused by the formamidine pesticide chlordimeform was investigated in second-instar larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. Normally, these caterpillars feed communally. On chlordimeform-dipped leaves (10-6 M–10-2 M) they rapidly became excited, locomotion increased and only unstable aggregations formed in which any feeding was usually transient. Over 24 h excitation declined, aggregations re-formed and feeding was resumed. However, between 24 and 30 h, on leaves treated with chlordimeform solutions of 10-4 M or greater, larvae dispersed again. By altering the density of larvae on control discs a direct link was revealed between clump size and larval growth rates. It is concluded that, in species which feed gregariously, interference with larval aggregation contributes significantly to chlordimeform's effects on feeding and its involvement in a sublethal control mechanism in the field is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185626
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ballooning activity of Chilo partellus larvae in relation to size of mother, egg batches, eggs and larvae and age of mother (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Chilo partellus ; spotted stalk borer ; spinning-off ; ballooning ; larval migration ; wind tunnel ; silk ; female weight ; batch size ; egg weight ; head capsule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement aérostatique des chenilles néonates de C. partellus a été étudié dans un tunnel à vent. Environ 55% des chenilles néonates ont quité les jeunes plants de maïs sur des fils de soie, dans les deux heures qui ont suivi leur libération. Aucune corrélation significative n'a été observée entre l'activité de filature et le poids de la mère, le poids de l'oeuf et la taille de l'ooplaque. Les chenilles aérostatiques ou non étaient de même taille. Le date de ponte n'a pas influé sur le comportement aérostatique. Il y avait des différences significatives dans l'activité aérostatiques des chenilles suivant les mères, ce qui suggère que des facteurs maternels, différents de ceux examinés jouent un rôle important dans la dispersion des chenilles.
    Notes: Abstract The ballooning behaviour of first instar larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied using a wind tunnel. About 55% of the newly hatched larvae left the young maize plants on silk threads within two hours after their release. No significant correlations were found between spinning-off activity and mother weight, egg weight and number of eggs per batch. Ballooning and non-ballooning larvae were of the same size. Time of oviposition did not influence the ballooning behaviour. There was significant variation in spinning-off activity between offspring from different individual females, however, which suggests that maternal factors other than those measured play an important role in larval dispersal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365396
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg weight, batch size and fecundity of the spotted stalk borer, Chilo partellus in relation to weight of females and time of oviposition (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Chilo partellus ; spotted stem borer ; fecundity ; reproductive strategy ; female size ; batch size ; egg weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La ponte de C. partellus Swinhoe a été étudiée au laboratoire pendant les trois premières nuits de la ponte. Plus de 50% des ooplaques et des oefs ont été pondus pendant la première nuit. La taille des ooplaques diminue avec le temps, tandis que le poids moyen des oeufs reste constant. Les grosses femelles pondent des ooplaques et des oeufs plus grands que les petites. Elles sont aussi plus fécondes, mais c'est seulement à la seconde nuit de ponte qu'est due cette différence. Le reproduction diminue beaucoup avec le temps. L'affectation aux premiers oeufs des réserves utilizées pour la reprodution semble plus importante que l'émission d'oeufs régulièrement répartis dans le temps. Les grosses femelles utilisent proportionnellement plus de ressources à la production d'oeufstardifs. Les gros oeufs contiennent vraisemblablement plus de vitellus que pourrait être nécessaire pour le comportement aérostatique des chenilles néonates.
    Notes: Abstract The egg laying pattern of the spotted stalk borer on sorghum and maize, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied during the first three nights of oviposition under laboratory conditions. More than 50% of both eggs and egg batches are laid during the first night of oviposition. Batch size decreases with time, whereas mean egg weight remains constant. Larger females lay both larger eggs and egg batches than smaller ones. They are also more fecund but it is only the second night of oviposition that contributes significantly to this difference. The reproductive effort decreases much with time. Allocation of reproductive reserves to early eggs seems more important than having eggs evenly distributed over time. Larger females use proportionally more resources to the production of late eggs. Large eggs are likely to contain more yolk which could be of importance for the ballooning behaviour of newly hatched larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341168
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of novel avermectins with unprecedented insecticidal activity (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: 4″-Amino-4″-deoxyavermectins ; avermectin ; insecticide ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new class of insecticidal and antiparasitic agents, 4″-amino-4′-deoxy avermectins, has been developed by chemical modification of avermectin B1. The most effective of these compounds are 1500-fold more potent than avermectin B1 (abamectin) against the beet armywormSpodoptera exigua and show similar potency against other lepidopteran larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951823
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are host plants important in pheromone-mediated mating systems of lepidoptera? (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; semiochemicals ; sex pheromones ; host plants ; secondary plant compounds ; calling behaviour ; mate choice ; Homoesoma electellum ; Pseudaletia unipuncta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of host plants in the synthesis and release of lepidopteran sex pheromones is examined. Females synthesise pheromones de novo and pheromone quality is not markedly influenced by larval food sources. However, host plants may have a significant effect on different physiological and behavioural parameters associated with pheromone production. Males in some species of Nymphalidae and Arctiidae use secondary plant compounds, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as a pheromone precursor. In such cases these plant compounds serve an additional role, such as protection against predation, and may reflect potential male reproductive investment. In the one instance where the effect of larval host plants on the de novo synthesis of a male sex pheromone was examined, larval nutrition did not alter either the quality or quantity of the hairpencil contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951809
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone conversion and degradation in antennae of the silkworm mothBombyx mori L. (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Bombyx mori L ; moths ; antennae ; pheromones ; metabolites ; enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In living antennae of the silkworm mothBombyx mori L. the pheromone compound (E, Z)-10,12-hexadecadienol and hexadecanol are enzymatically converted to their corresponding fatty aldehydes, acids and long-chain fatty acid esters. The pheromone is completely degraded at high rates in the antennae of freshly hatched moths. The polar volatile [3H]metabolites exclusively consist of tritiated water. The half-life of the pheromone is about 2.5 min in males and 0.5 min in females. Drying inactivates the enzymes responsible for pheromone oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990456
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arylpyridyl-thiosemicarbazones: A new class of anti-juvenile hormones active against Lepidoptera (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 580-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Thiosemicarbazones ; anti-juvenile hormone ; insect growth regulator ; Lepidoptera ; juvenile hormone biosynthesis inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new class of anti-juvenile hormone agents is described. Active anti-juvenile hormone compounds were either diazine thiosemicarbazones or aryl substituted pyridyl thiosemicarbazones, synthesized from substituted benzaldehydes. While many analogs in these classes showed feeding and growth inhibition in a variety of insects, a select group caused formation of precocious pupal characteristics inAgrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) andHeliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) and black cuticle and precocious pupae inManduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). They were active only by diet incorporation. The symptoms of precocious development could be reversed by co-administration of a juvenoid. One of the active compounds was shown to inhibit juvenile hormone biosynthesis in vitro by corpora allata of the cockroachDiploptera punctata. However, none of the compounds were active inhibitors of purified chicken liver prenyl transferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990513
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of aβ-glucosidase (linamarase) from the haemolymph ofZygaena trifolii Esper, 1783 (Insecta, Lepidoptera) (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 712-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cyanogenesis ; β-glucosidase ; Lepidoptera ; linamarin ; linamarase ; lotaustralin ; repellent ; Zygaenidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A β-glucosidase (linamarase) was purified 52-fold with a recovery of 27% from the haemolymph of the larvae ofZygaena trifolii, ESPER, 1783 (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). The final enzyme preparation was found to be nearly homogeneous on both disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 130 kDa; it consisted of two subunits of about 66 kDa. The enzyme showed an optimum between pH 4.5 and 5 with linamarin and a broad optimum between pH 3.5 and 6.5 for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucoside; the temperature optimum was 40°C. The β-glucosidase showed a high specificity for its endogenous substrates linamarin and lotaustralin. Among the other natural and artificial substrates tested, only prunasin and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucoside were hydrolyzed by the enzyme, whereas linustatin, salicin, cellobiose and trehalose were not. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by β-glucosylpiperidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974565
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalist caterpillar prey are more palatable than specialists for the generalist predator Iridomyrmex humilis (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Predation ; Host range ; Prey acceptability ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments are described which test the hypothesis that more host-specific species of caterpillars should be less aceptable to a generalist predator than polyphagous species. Caterpillars of all species were tested in paired choice tests with the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis. Experiments were replicated ten times, videotaped and later analyzed. Brightly colored specialist species (normally considered to be aposematic) were clearly the least palatable, while more cryptic specialists were also significantly less acceptable than generalists overall. Leaf-tying species were considered separately; all were highly palatable independent of host range. The results indicate that among caterpillars that do not construct leaf shelters, those with a wide post range are more acceptable than those with a narrow host range. This is consistent with the notion that generalist predators provide selection pressure favoring narrow host range in their herbivorous prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384324
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitative interactions between two lepidopteran herbivores of Asimina (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 214-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Asimina ; Facilitation ; Defoliation ; Herbivory ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Insect herbivores that require young foliage for successful larval development are often restricted to a single generation during a year by the scarcity of suitable food over most of the growing season. The major specialist herbivore attacking shrubs in the genus Asimina in Florida, Eurytides marcellus, requires young foliage for successful larval development. Field manipulations were used to investigate the role of the young foliage produced by Asimina in response to defoliation by the late-season feeder Omphalocera munroei, a second specialist herbivore of Asimina in Florida, in maintaining Eurytides populations during the summer months when young foliage is otherwise scarce. Defoliation by Omphalocera proved to be the major inducer of young growth during the summer because Omphalocera defoliated Asimina shrubs so frequently and severely. When compared to young leaves produced in the absence of damage, the teaves produced by Asimina in response to defoliation were equally as suitable as food for Eurytides larvae and as acceptable as oviposition sites by Eurytides females. The availability of young foliage in an Asimina population was correlated with the size of the associated Eurytides population. The combination of regular, severe defoliation by Omphalocera and lack of a defensive response to damage by Asimina lead to a positive affect of Omphalocera on Eurytides population size, and may be central to other facilitative interactions between herbivores as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377158
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of male response to multicomponent pheromones in noctuid mothsTrichoplusia ni andPseudoplusia includens (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Trichoplusia ni ; multicomponent pheromone blends ; sustained-flight tunnel ; behavioral thresholds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response of male cabbage looper (CL) and soybean iooper (SBL) moths was observed in the flight tunnel and measured in field tests to the six-component CL pheromone, the five-component SBL pheromone, and toZ7–12: OAc, the major component common to each pheromone. In both the flight tunnel and the field, male CL exhibited significantly greater levels of response to their six-component blend than toZ7–12: OAc alone. A low level of cross-attraction of male CL to the SBL pheromone was observed in both the flight tunnel and the field, but it was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to their response toZ7–12: OAc alone. Thus the minor components of the SBL blend did not appear to disrupt the flight behavior of male CL. With respect to SBL, in the flight tunnel males also exhibited a greater level of response to the five-component blend compared toZ7–12: OAc, but in the field their response was not significantly different to either treatment. There was also a low level of cross-attraction of male SBL to the CL blend, but this appeared to involve a significant arrestment effect on the upwind flight of males, as well as a difference in male sensitivity to the blend of components compared withZ7–12: OAc alone. The observed arrestment effect may have been due to male perception of one or more minor components of the CL pheromone. The results show that the multicomponent pheromones of these species function effectively as specific mating signals and that discrimination of odor quality by male moths can occur as the result of minor components affecting male sensitivity or their upwind flight response to the pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022530
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of generalist and specialist insects to qualitative allelochemical variation (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 319-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Iridoid glycoside ; Junonia coenia ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Lymantriidae ; induction ; insect-plant interaction ; generalist herbivore ; specialist herbivore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of a set of four biosynthetically related iridoid glycosides, aucubin, catalpol, loganin, and asperuloside, on larvae of a generalist,Lymantria dispar (Lymantriidae), the gypsy moth, and an adapted specialist, the buckeye,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae). In general,L. dispar grew and survived significantly less well on artificial diets containing iridoid glycoside, compared to a control diet without iridoid glycosides. In choice tests, previous exposure to a diet containing iridoid glycosides caused larvae subsequently to prefer iridoid glycoside-containing diets even though they were detrimental to growth and survival. In contrast,J coenia larvae grew and survived better on diets with aucubin and catalpol, the two iridoid glycosides found in the host plantPlantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), than on diets with no iridoid glycoside or with loganin and asperuloside. The results of choice tests of diets with and without iridoid glycosides and between diets with different iridoid glycosides reflected these differences as well. These results are discussed in terms of (1) differences between generalists and specialists in their response to qualitative variation in plant allelochemical content, (2) the induction of feeding preferences, and (3) the evolution of qualitative allelochemical variation as a plant defense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022549
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone biosynthesis in lepidoptera (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2019-2031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; desaturases ; pheromone ; enzymes ; detergents ; fatty acids ; biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone components for many lepidopteran species are produced by the use of unique chain-shortening and Δ9, Δ10, and Δ11 desaturase systems. Correlations in the Tortricidae indicate that the pheromone components derived from Δ9 and Δ01 desaturases are found in the more primitive species (those possessing morphological plesiomorphies). The precise blend ofZ andE acetates in a number of species is regulated in the final reduction sequence from acyl intermediates. Preliminary research has been conducted on the characterization of the various desaturase enzymes used and on the important blend regulating sequence. Initial purification work on the Δ11 desaturase enzyme found in the cabbage looper moth is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014247
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selected factors influencing neurohormonal regulation of sex pheromone production inHeliothis species (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2063-2069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Heliothis phloxiphaga ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; neuropeptide hormone ; mating ; host plant factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone production and release in females ofHeliothis species exhibit a diel periodicity. Phermone production is controlled by a hormone, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). Release of PBAN to activate pheromone production follows a circadian rhythm. InH. zea females, mating terminates pheromone production. An unidentified hemolymph-borne factor is transferred from the male to the female during mating. It is speculated that this factor interacts with the release mechanism of PBAN to prevent further production of the pheromone following mating. Wild females ofH. phloxiphaga (reared from larvae collected in the field) did not produce or release the sex pheromone unless kept in association with the host plant. Pheromone production could be induced in these females by the injection of PBAN. It is suggested that a signal from the host plant is essential to trigger the release of PBAN to induce pheromone production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014250
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of cuticular oxidases used for sex pheromone biosynthesis byHeliothis zea (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2131-2145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone biosynthesis ; cuticle ; alcohol oxidase ; alcohol ; aldehyde ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Biosynthesis of the aldehydic sex pheromone components released by females ofHeliothis zea was found to be catalyzed by primary alcohol oxidases residing in the cuticle that covers the glands. Activity, as indicated by conversion of primary alcohol to aldehyde, was as high in cell-free cuticle as it was in intact pheromone glands. Studies indicated that some activity was associated with the surface of the epicuticle and could be removed, into buffer, by sonication. However, the majority of activity lies within the inner epicuticle and exo- and endocuticular layers. The oxidase was not functional in pharate pupae that did not have mature adult cuticle but became functional just prior to adult emergence. The enzyme in individual glands was saturated at alcohol concentrations above 100 n. moles. Nonionic detergents did not affect the activity of the oxidase in the cuticle but treatment with either 7 M urea or 1% SDS resulted in total loss of activity. Studies on the effect of pH indicated an optimum at 6.4; however, activity was high throughout the range of 5–9. The oxidase was functional in both dichloromethane and hexane, suggesting that this enzyme system may have applications for organic synthesis of aldehydes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014254
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of dietaryβ-carboline alkaloids on growth rate, food consumption, and food utilization of larvae ofSpodoptera exigua (Hubner) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: β-Carboline alkaloids ; harman ; harmins ; Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) ; beet armyworm ; antifeedant ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract β-Carboline alkaloids are found worldwide in many plant families. Harman, harmine, and other simple β-carboline alkaloids were tested for activity against a generalist phytophagous insect, the beet army worm [Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)]. Chronic dietary exposure tests (neonate to pupa) reveal potent antifeedant and possible toxic effects. Acute dietary exposure tests on fifth-instar larvae also demonstrate antifeedant activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013899
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male confusion of the nun moth with disparlure at high and low population densities (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lymantria monacha ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; pheromone communication ; mating disruption ; disparlure ; slow-release formulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The feasibility of using the synthetic sex pheromone, disparlure, as a mating confusant of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) was investigated on wild populations occurring in outbreak proportions in Poland and in low density in Czechoslovakia. The size of experimental plots ranged from 1 to 12 hectares. The amounts of pheromone applied were 10 or 20 g/hectare. Three types of slow-release formulations of a racemic mixture of disparlure were tested: (1) a spray formulation with latex as a carrier, (2) a tubing of natural rubber, and (3) sawdust of a porous material used for making tips of fiber-tip pens. All three pheromone formulations prevented significant numbers (98.6–100% in the low density situation, 90–96.2% during the outbreak) of the males from locating a discrete source of pheromone (a trap containing synthetic pheromone or a female) during the whole flight period, indicating long-lasting efficiency of the formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013905
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of male codling moths (Laspeyresia pomonella) to codlemone and other alcohols in a wind tunnel (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 797-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Codling moth ; Laspeyresia pomonella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortrici-dae ; codlemone ; sex pheromone ; parapheromones ; inhibitors ; olefinic alcohols ; wind tunnel ; orientation flight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The primary pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (I, codle-mone), 11 further alcohols, and binary blends of both were evaluated for attractiveness as defined by the percentage ofL. pomonella males showing oriented upwind flight terminated by landing at the source within 10 min after release. Sources of I were attractive from 10−5 μg to 101 μg, with approx. 70% males responding at 10−3−10−1 μg. Most other alcohols also showed attractiveness, but the dose-response curves differed greatly with respect to the range of effective lure doses as well as the maximum response level reached at any dose. (E,E)-7,9-Undecadien-1-ol (III) revealed a dose-response curve similar in shape to I but shifted towards higher concentrations. (E,E)-8,10-Tridecadien-1-ol (II) and (E)-8,10-undecadien-1-ol (IV) exhibited threshold values of 10−5 μg (same as for I) and were effective over, respectively, seven and nine decades of source load, but they did not reach a response level of 40% at any test amount. (E)-9,11-Dodecadien-1-ol (VI) and the monoenes (E)-8-, (E)-10-, and (Z)-10-dodecen-1-ol (VIII-X) showed weak attractivity restricted to one to three test doses. Upwind approaches that broke off a few centimeters from the source were rarely seen in tests with I but frequently occurred with some of the analogs. When combined with 10−3 μg of I, all alcohol analogs showed “inhibitory” properties, although the amounts required to obtain a significant lowering of response differed by up to 105-fold. This amount was the lowest (10−4 μg) for the positional isomer VI, and the highest (101 μg) for undecan-1-ol (XI) and dodecan-1-ol (XII). With some mixtures, the presence of the inhibitor appeared to cause an alteration in landing behavior. No synergistic effects were seen in these tests. The results are briefly considered with respect to the sensory perception of the test stimuli and the involvement of minor components in the female pheromone blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018774
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical trail marking and following by caterpillars ofMalacosoma neustria (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 815-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trail pheromones ; trail marking ; 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione ; tent caterpillars ; Malacosoma nuestria L. ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; recruitment ; leader-follower behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical trail marking and following by gregarious caterpillars,Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), was studied in the laboratory. As in other species ofMalacosoma, larvae deposit a trail pheromone from a sternal secretory site when searching the host for food. Larvae in the vanguard of foraging columns establish chemical trails as they explore new territory. Marking behavior diminishes as successive unfed foragers utilize the trail. These exploratory trails are subsequently overmarked by fed larvae returning to the tent. Other foragers follow the trails of fed larvae in preference to trails of unfed larvae. Thus, like the eastern tent caterpillar,M. americanum, successful foragers ofM. neustria recruit colony-mates to feeding sites. The chemical activity of both recruitment and exploratory trails degrades slowly, suggesting that the trail pheromone ofM. neustria is a nonvolatile substance. Caterpillars ofM. neustria readily follow the nonvolatile trail pheromone which has been identified fromM. americanum, 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018775
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone biosynthesis of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol in codling mothCydia pomonella involvesE9 desaturation (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 903-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Cydia pomonella ; biosynthesis ; palmitic acid ; (E)-9-dodecenoic acid ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol ; E9 desaturation ; capillary gas chromatography ; deuterium ; labeled precursors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the codling mothCydia pomonella (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae) was studied by topical application of deuterated fatty acids in DMSO to pheromone glands. The incorporation of deuterium label into fatty acids and alcohols in the pheromone gland was monitored by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Dodecanol, (E)-9-dodecenol, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, tetradecanol, and hexadecanol were found in gland extracts. The application of [12,12,12-2H3]dodecanoic acid resulted in labeled dodecanol, (E)-9-dodecenol, and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, as well as the corresponding labeled acids. No label was incorporated into tetradecanol or hexadecanol or any acid with more than 12 carbon atoms. The application of labeled tetradecanoic or hexadecanoic acid introduced label not only into the 12-carbon alcohols, but also into tetradecanol, or tetradecanol and hexadecanol, respectively. The application of (E)-[11, 11,12,12,12,-2H5]9-dodecen-oic acid, whose facile synthesis is described, resulted in labeled (E)-9-do-decenol and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol. The (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol so produced was characterized by an ion atm/z 186, equivalent to [M]+ of a dienol labeled with four deuterons. Thus, one deuterium label is lost when the labeled (E)-9-monoene is converted to the (E,E)-8,10-diene. We conclude that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol is synthesized by chain shortening (β-oxidation) of palmitic acid to dodecanoic acid, followed by an unusualE9 desaturation and subsequent conversion of this intermediate into the conjugated precursor, which is finally reduced to the pheromone alcohol. The evolutionary significance ofE9 desaturation being responsible for pheromone production in an Olethreutinae species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018782
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a male-produced pheromone ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1121-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; pheromone ; hairpencils ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; male-produced pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Observations in the laboratory and in the field indicated that maleAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), are attracted to conspecific courting males. Male VBC subsequently were found to be attracted to extracts of male abdominal tips including the extrudable hairpencils. The active chemical in these extracts was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, which is also one of the major components of the female VBC sex pheromone. Male VBC in a wind tunnel and in the field exhibited a bimodal response distribution to a range of ratios of the (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene, with one maximum at the pure heneicosatriene alone and the other at the 60∶40 female blend. This demonstrates that the male response to the male hairpencil component is distinct from that to the female sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019340
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate analysis of the correlation between noctuidae subfamilies and the chemical structure of their sex pheromones or male attractants (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1187-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex attractants ; sex pheromones ; correspondence analysis ; chemotaxonomy ; multidimensional analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female-emitted pheromones and sex attractants of Noctuidae were investigated using a specific computer procedure to analyze data collected from the literature. Correspondence analysis was used to survey the structure-activity relationships of sex pheromones in seven subfamilies. Structural, stereochemical, and functional features of active molecules were related to taxonomy. This multidimensional analysis revealed that the prevalent chemical frame of noctuid moth pheromones was a monounsaturated acetate withZ stereochemistry and a double bond on the fifth carbon closest to the nonfunctional branch of the molecule. Possible phylogenetic relationships within Noctuidae and between Noctuidae and other families are discussed in light of the sex pheromone biochemistry. Female sex pheromones appeared to be an additional character to be considered in the classification of noctuid moths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019346
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1583-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Microplitis demolitor ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Biological control ; artificial diet ; preflight behavior ; wind tunnels ; oviposition ; age ; chemosensory receptors ; chilling pupae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae fed cowpea seedlings produced volatile semiochemicals to whichMicroplitis demolitor Wilkinson responded in a wind tunnel. However, mostM. demolitor females reared fromH. zea larvae fed an artificial diet were not responsive at emergence to the same volatile semiochemicals. A preflight contact with frass fromH. zea fed cowpea was needed to stimulate a response of sustained flight in a wind tunnel. The most consistent flight response was 7–10 days postemergence. Response resulting from both antennal and ovipositor contact with host frass during preflight stimulation was no better than from antennal contact alone. Chilling the parasitoid pupae rendered most of the emerging females unresponsive to volatile semiochemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012524
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence ofHeliothis virescens sex pheromone dispensers on captures ofH. zea males in pheromone traps relative to distance and wind direction (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm ; cotton bollworm ; Heliothis virescens ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; virelure ; trapping ; pheromone interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Evaluations conducted by placingHeliothis virescens (F.) sex pheromone (virelure) dispensers at different distances in the predominant downwind and upwind directions fromHeliothis zea (Boddie) pheromone traps indicated that reductions inH. zea male captures were greatest relative to distance when theH. zea traps were located downwind from the virelure dispensers than when the traps were located upwind. When operating traps for both species at the same site, the influence of virelure dispensers on captures inH. zea pheromone traps would be minimized by placing theH. zea traps upwind of theH. virescens traps and, if wind direction is variable, the traps should be spaced at least 75 m apart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardenolide content and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus L., and their larval host-plant milkweed,Asclepias asperula subsp.Capricornu (woods.) woods., in north central Texas (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 295-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Asclepias asperula ; milkweed ; Asclepiadaceae ; Danaus plexippus ; monarch butterfly ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; Oncopeltus ; Hemiptera ; Lygaeidae ; cardenolide ; cardiac glycoside ; digitoxin ; chemical ecology ; chemotaxonomy ; chemical defense ; ecological chemistry ; thin-layer chromatography ; plant-insect interactions ; coevolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper is the second in a series on cardenolide fingerprinting of monarch butterflies and their host-plant milkweeds in the eastern United States. Spectrophotometric determinations of the gross cardenolide content ofAsclepias asperula plants in north central Texas indicated wide variation ranging from 341 to 1616 μg/0.1 g dry weight. The mean plant cardenolide concentration (886 μg/0.1 g) is the highest for any milkweed species on which monarch cardenolide profiles have been produced. Forty-one butterflies reared individually on these plants contained a skewed distribution of cardenolide concentrations ranging from 231 to 515 μg/0. 1 g dry weight with a mean of 363μg/0.1 g. The uptake of cardenolide by the butterflies was independent of plant concentration, suggesting that saturation occurs in cardenolide sequestration by monarchs when feeding on cardenolide-rich host-plants. Female monarchs contained significantly greater mean cardenolide concentrations (339 μg/0.1 g) than did males (320 μg/0.1 g). The mean dry weight of the male butterflies (0.211 g) was significantly greater than the female mean (0.191) so that the mean total cardenolide contents of males (675 fig) and females (754 μg) were not significantly different. Butterfly size was not significantly correlated to butterfly cardenolide concentration when differences due to sex and individual host-plant concentration were removed. Thin-layer chrornatograms of 24 individual plant-butterfly pairs developed in two solvent systems resolved 22 individual spots in the plants and 15 in the butterflies.A. asperula plants appear to contain several relatively nonpolar cardenolides of the calotropagenin series which are metabolized to more polar derivatives in the butterflies. Quantitative evaluation of theR f values, spot intensities, and probabilities of occurrence in the chloroform-methanol-formamide TLC system produced a cardenolide fingerprint clearly distinct from those previously established for monarchs reared on otherAsclepias species. Our data support the use of fingerprints to make ecological predictions concerning larval host-plant utilization.A. asperula subsp.capricornu andA. viridis Walt, are the predominant early spring milkweeds throughout most of the south central United States. Cardenolide-rich monarchs reared on these two species may be instrumental in establishing and reinforcing visual avoidance of adults by naive predators throughout their spring and summer breeding cycle in eastern North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022548
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenolic biosynthesis, leaf damage, and insect herbivory in birch (Betula pendula) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Phenolics ; PAL activation ; insect herbivory ; plant resistance ; Betula pendula ; Apochemia pilosaria ; Lepidoptera ; geometridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of both caterpillar herbivory and artificial damage on phenylalanine ammonia lysase (PAL) activity of birch foliage was measured, using an intact cell assay. After artificial damage there was a small increase in PAL activity in damaged leaves but no change in adjacent undamaged ones. Insect grazing produced a larger increase in PAL activity, and the enzyme activity was also increased in adjacent undamaged leaves. Artificial damage increased the phenolic levels of the damaged leaves. Insect grazing caused a larger, longer-lasting increase in phenolic levels and also elevated phenolic levels in undamaged leaves. The possible role of these wound-induced biochemical changes in birch is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027789
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical studies of proteins that degrade pheromones (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2033-2046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cyclopropanation ; cyclopropanol ; enzyme inhibitor ; pheromone analog ; vinyl ketone ; Heliothis virescens ; Plutella xylostella ; α-fluoroaldehyde ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Plutellidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aldehyde components of lepidopterous pheromones are converted to carboxylic acids by aldehyde oxidizing enzymes (AOEs) that are present at high levels in antennal tissues of adult moths. The AOEs may include O2-requiring aldehyde oxidases as well as nucleotide-cofactor-requiring aldehyde dehydrogenases. Three classes of inhibitors were synthesized and examined in vitro for AOE inhibition usingHeliothis virescens antennae: (1) cyclopropanols, (2) α-fluorinated aldehydes, and (3) α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. First, cyclopropanated analogs of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16∶A1), a common unsaturated aldehyde component of many species' pheromone blends, were synthesized as isosteric pheromone analogs and as potential inhibitors of the moth AOEs. NMR assignments are reported for thecis- andtrans-cyclopropanols. Cyclopropanols appear to act as oxidase-activated AOE inhibitors, perhaps via the unstable cyclopropanones. Second, α-fluoro and α,α-difluoro substituted analogs ofZ9–14∶A1 were synthesized and shown to be modest inhibitors of both the alcohol oxidase and AOE activities. Finally, the most potent inhibitors were α,β-unsaturated carbonyl mimics of theZ11–16∶A1. The α-methylene aldehyde was 1000-fold less effective than the vinyl ketoneZ1,11–16∶3-oxo. This inhibition appears irreversible and is postulated to involve electrophilic modification of an active site sulfur nucleophile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014248
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of female sex pheromone of spotted bollworm,Earias vittella F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Identification and field evaluation in Pakistan (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 929-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spotted bollworm ; Earias vittella ; spiny bollworm ; Earias insulana ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; gas chromatography ; electroantennography ; pheromone traps ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; octadecanal ; (Z)-11-octadecenal ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ovipositor washings from virgin femaleEarias vittella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths were examined by gas chromatography (GC) linked to electroantennography (EAG). Six components were detected by the male moth. These were identified by comparison of their retention times with those of a range of synthetic standards on fused silica capillary GC columns as hexadecanal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, octadecanal, (Z)-11-octadecenal, and (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol in 1∶2∶10∶2∶4∶1 ratio. Field testing in Pakistan showed that a 2∶10∶2 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, and (Z)-11-octadecenal was as attractive to maleE. vittella moths as the six-component mixture and equal in attractiveness to a virgin female moth. Omitting (Z)-11-hexadecenal or (Z)-11-octadecenal greatly reduced this attractiveness. It was found that synthetic lures must be protected from sunlight to prevent loss of attractiveness caused by isomerization of the conjugated diene aldehyde, and addition of (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, one of the products of isomerization, was shown to reduce attractiveness significantly. During this work, a 10∶1 mixture of (E,E)-10, 12-hexadecadienal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal was shown to be as attractive toE. insulana (Boisd.) male moths as a virgin female moth, and the attractiveness of this mixture was further increased by addition of (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018784
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haloacetate analogs of pheromones: Effects on catabolism and electrophysiology inPlutella xylostella (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1003-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Haloacetate ; pheromone analog ; catabolic protein ; EAG ; Plutella xylostella ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of mono-, di-, and trihalogenated acetate analogs of Zl 1–16: Ac were prepared and examined for electrophysiological activity in antennae of males of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. In addition, two potential affinity labels, a diazoacetate (Dza) and a trifluoromethyl ketone (Tfp), were evaluated for EAG activity. The Z11–16∶Ac showed the highest activity in EAG assays, followed by the fluorinated acetates, but other halo-acetates were essentially inactive. The polar diazoacetate and the trifluoromethyl ketone were also very weak EAG stimulants. The effects of these analogs on the hydrolysis of [3H]Z11–16∶Ac to [3H]Z11–16∶OH by antennal esterases was also examined. The three fluorinated acetates showed the greatest activity as inhibitors in competition assays, with rank order F2Ac 〉 F3Ac 〉 FAc 〉 Ac 〉 Cl2Ac 〉 ClAc 〉 Dza 〉 Br2Ac 〉 BrAc 〉 Tfp 〉 I 〉 Cl3Ac 〉 Br3Ac 〉 OH. The relative polarities of the haloacetates, as determined by TLC mobility, are in the order mono- 〉 di- 〉 trihalo, but F, Cl, Br, and I all confer similar polarities within a substitution group. Thus, the steric size appears to be the predominant parameter affecting the interactions of the haloacetate analogs with both receptor and catabolic proteins inP. xylostella males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018789
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butenolides in small ermine moths,Yponomeuta spp. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and spindle-tree,Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1099-1111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Yponomeuta spp. ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; host plants ; Euonymus europaeus ; Celastraceae ; butenolides ; siphonodin ; isosiphonodin ; plant-insect relationship ; chemical defense ; small ermine moth ; spindle-tree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new butenolide, isosiphonodin [3-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone], along with a trace of siphonodin [4-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone], was isolated from fifth-instar larvae of the small ermine mothYponomeuta cagnagellus. Leaves of its host plant spindle-tree,Euonymus europaeus, were found to contain the same two butenolides with siphonodin being present as the major compound. TLC showed that isosiphonodin was also present in larvae or pupae of six other small ermine moths which did not feed on spindle-tree. InY. cagnagellus butenolides might be plant derived, while isosiphonodin in the other investigated small ermine moths is probably synthesized by the insect. The possible role of butenolides in the chemical defense of small ermine moths is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019338
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of leek-moth and diamondback-moth frass volatiles that stimulate parasitoid,Diadromus pulchellus (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1391-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diadromus pulchellus ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; disulfides ; frass ; Acrolepiopsis assectella ; Plutella xylostella ; Lepidoptera ; Acrolepiidae ; Plutellidae ; leek ; Allium porrum ; cabbage ; Brassica oleracea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acrolepiopsis assectella andPlutella xylostella frass volatiles, trapped on Tenax GC, were examined by capillary gas chromatography. In both moths, the same three disulfides, dimethyl, dipropyl, and methyl propyl, were the most abundant substances, but in different proportions. The synthetic disulfides elicited the same behavioral response by the parasitoid,Diadromus pulchellus as frass. The plant origin of these substances is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014838
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomonal activities of 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3 diones produced byEphestia kuehniella zeller in eliciting searching behavior by the parasitoidBracon hebetor (say) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1491-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bracon ; Ephestia ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; kairomone ; host selection ; parasitoid ; foraging ; ketones ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones produced in the mandibular glands ofEphestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) fifth instars acted as arrestment and host-trail following kairomones for the parasitoid,Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The behavioral response of the parasitoids to the kairomone varied with kairomone concentration and distribution. However, only small differences in activity were noted for the different mandibular gland components.B. hebetor females that encountered filter paper patches impregnated with the kairomone exhibited antennation and probing behavior. Females followed trails formed with 2-[(Z,E)12,14-hexadecadienoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione in the same manner exhibited with host-made trails. At concentrations of 1.0 μg/mm and above, trail following was interrupted by frequent probing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012378
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female sex pheromone of iris borer,Macronoctua onusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1559-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-11-Hexadecenal ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; iris ; iris borer ; Macronoctua onusta ; tobacco budworm ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatographic and mass spectrometry studies of heptane extracts of the ovipositors of the iris borer,Macronoctua onusta, showed that the females produce several compounds that are the same as those produced by females of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens. In trapping experiments, a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (94∶4∶2) proved to be the minimum set of compounds required to cause effective capture of iris borer males in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012383
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pheromone trap color and design on capture of male velvetbean caterpillar and fall armyworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1775-1784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trap color ; trap design ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis ; fall armyworm moth ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; electroretinogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three pheromone traps were evaluated in paired field trials for effectiveness in capturing wild male velvetbean caterpillar moths (VBC),Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and fall armyworm moths (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), using a wind-oriented trapping device. The traps were: (1) the standard multicolored bucket trap consisting of a forest green canopy, yellow funnel, white bucket and open (i.e., single wire) pheromone holder; (2) a forest green monocolored bucket trap; and (3) the Multi-Pher-1 trap consisting of a blue-green canopy, white funnel, white bucket, and white, multislotted pheromone holder. The Multi-Pher-1 trap differs primarily from the other two in that its entrance is smaller in diameter and is partially obstructed by the pheromone holder. Significantly fewer VBC and FAW males were captured in pheromone-baited monocolored (forest green) bucket traps than standard multicolored bucket traps. The Multi-Pher-1 trap also caught significantly fewer VBC moths than the standard multicolored bucket trap, but there was no significant difference in numbers of FAW moths caught in the two traps. The results further demonstrate the importance of considering visual cues, in this case color, in the design of pheromone traps for nocturnal insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012265
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reimer-Tiemann adducts as potential insect antifeedant agents Reviewing the structure-activity relationship theory of the antifeedant, warburganal (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2607-2623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enedial ; Spodoptera ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; feeding deterrent ; pyrrole ; sulfhydryl ; van der Waals interaction ; Reimer-Tiemann adducts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Structure-activity relationships of naturally occurring enedials with antifeedant activity againstSpodoptera species have been extended via the synthesis and bioassay of a series of Reimer-Tiemann adducts. The activities attributed to the different chemical structures of these and other analogs interacting with the chemoreceptor site have been observed; a three-pronged mode of substrate binding via aromatic pyrrole formation, Michael addition of free sulfhydryl moieties, and van der Waals interactions of the A ring has been postulated to account for these observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014720
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acquired chemical defense in the lycaenid butterfly,Eumaeus atala (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1133-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cycasin ; macrozamin ; cycads ; azoxyglycosides ; Eumaeus atala ; Lepidoptera ; Lycaenidae ; insect-plant interaction ; chemical ecology ; unpalatability ; insect defense strategy ; ants ; Camponotus abdominalis floridanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The lycaenid butterfly,Eumaeus atala, was found to contain cycasin, an azoxyglycoside, by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Quantification of cycasin content in 10 individual freshly killed and frozen males and females, using capillary gas chromatography (GC), showed that cycasin contents of individual butterflies ranged from 0.21 to 0.51 mg (1.24–2.75% dry weight). A museum specimen ofE. atala of unknown age had undetectable amounts of cycasin by GC. GC showed that larval frass contained about 0.10% cycasin, which was not detectable by TLC. Cycasin in the host plant was not detectable by TLC but was detected by GC and found to be 0.02% dry weight. There was no macrozamin, another azoxyglycoside characteristic of many cycads, in the butterfly or plant. Feeding trials with a colony of the ant,Camponotus abdominalis floridanus, showed that both cycasin and the adult ofE. atala were deterrent to the ants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014817
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanoglycoside gynocardin fromAcraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2177-2189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Acraea horta ; Lepidoptera ; Acraeinae ; cyclopentenyl cyanoglycoside ; gynocardin ; Kiggelaria africana ; sequestration ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract All stages in the life cycle ofAcraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae) were found to release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from their crushed tissues, and the source of cyanogenesis was present in the hemolymph of adults and larvae. Comparison with standards on thin-layer chromatograms (TLC) revealed the presence in adults of gynocardin, a cyclopentenyl cyanoglycoside also produced by the larval food plant,Kiggelaria africana L. (Flacourtiaceae). Analysis of adults reared on plant species (Passifloraceae) containing gynocardin and/or other cyanoglycosides suggested selective uptake of gynocardin by the larvae. This is the first demonstration of a cyanoglycoside, other than the acyclic linamarin and lotaustralin, occurring in Lepidoptera and the first evidence for the storage byAcraea butterflies of a plant-produced allelochemical. Possible implications for the understanding of the evolution of acraeine host choice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidic fog-induced changes in host-plant suitability (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2379-2390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Acidic fog ; Phaseolus lunatus ; Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; nitrogen ; free amino acid ; soluble protein ; plantinsect interactions ; air pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phaseolus lunatus L. (Henderson Bush lima beans) were exposed to 2 hr acidic fogs with 2.5∶1.0 (v/v) nitrogen-sulfur ratio typical of the west coast of the United States. Fogs with pH values of 2.0 (P 〈 0.01,t tests), 2.5 (P 〈 0.05), or 3.0 (P 〈 0.01) increased percent total nitrogen (dry weight) of foliage as compared to plants subjected to control fogs with a pH of 6.3–6.5. Fresh weight concentrations of soluble protein and certain free amino acid concentrations were increased by plant exposure to acidic fogs with a pH of 2.5 (t tests,P 〈 0.05). Concentrations of free amino acids considered essential for insect growth, as well as nonessential and total free amino acids were not significantly affected by any treatment (P 〉 0.05,t test). Water content (%) of foliage was not changed significantly (P 〉 0.05,t test) by exposure to any of the fogs.Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae ate significantly more foliage and gained significantly more weight on plants treated with 3.0 pH fogs (P 〈 0.01,t test). Several potential explanations are offered for the lack of significant weight gain by larvae on plants in which soluble protein levels, free amino acid concentrations, or percent total nitrogen contents were enhanced by acidic fogs with a pH of 2.5 and 2.0. No larval feeding preference was detected for foliage exposed to acidic versus control fogs, and no significant differences were detected in percent survival ofT. ni eggs exposed to acidic or control fogs. Some implications of acidic fogs for population dynamics ofT. ni are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012089
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analogs of sex pheromone of processionary moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa: Synthesis and biological activity (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1331-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; inhibition ; synergism ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Thaumetopoeidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and biological activity of some analogs of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate1, the major component of the sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa is described. The analogs have been formally derived by structural modification of the enyne and acetate functions of the parent compound1. In field tests, trifluoroacetate ester16 and the analog,11, with fluorine substitution at the olefin site, decreased the pheromone action, whereas epoxy derivative,10, from epoxidation of the olefin moiety in1, and propionate ester15 gave synergistic activity. The formate14 had a variable effect according to the composition of the lure. Formal reduction of the enyne to give the acetylene2 was found to retain activity. Alcohols12 and13, resulting from hydrolysis of the enyne1 and acetylene2, respectively, inhibited the action of their parent compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020138
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European corn borer sex pheromone (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 601-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; redbanded leafroller ; Argyrotaenia velutinana ; Tortricidae ; pheromone analogs ; sex stimulation ; bioassay ; flight-tunnel behavior ; field bioassay ; molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The biological activity of analogs of the pheromone components of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecen1-ol acetate, in which modifications were made in the terminal alkyl portion were studied in the three pheromonal types of the insect. European corn borer males respond to pheromonal stimuli at three levels of behavioral activity, i.e., short-range sexual stimulation, activation in the flight tunnel, and response in the field. Structural requirements for elicitation of response at these levels were found to be increasingly restrictive, respectively. Flighttunnel activity was induced only by compounds that had a total chain length of 13 or 14 carbons and in which branching at carbon 13 was limited to one methyl group or a cyclopropyl group. Three new analogs were active in the flight tunnel, viz., (E and (Z)-13-methyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-cyclopropyl-11-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The cyclopropyl analog was the most active analog against theZZ type of the European corn borer. TheE isomer, however, was pheromonally inactive in theEE type and was shown to be a pheromone antagonist. This dissimilarity is most likely due to differences in structure of the receptors in the European corn borer strains. Analogs that were biologically active against the European corn borer were tested against the redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaenia velutinana, which also uses (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate as part of its pheromone. Results showed that the redbanded leafroller pheromone acceptor system is different from that of the European com borer; marginal behavioral response was elicited by only one of the new analogs. Thus, although both species use 11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate isomers as their pheromone, the mechanisms by which they are perceived are different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014704
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative and qualitative effects of larval diet on male scent secretions ofEstigmene acrea, Phragmatobia foliginosa, andPyrrharctia isabella (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1077-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diet ; scent ; coremata ; Estigmene acrea ; Phragmatobia fuliginosa ; Pyrrharctia isabella ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae ; hydroxydanaidal ; danaidal ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In feeding experiments with insects reared in the laboratory, the presence of the dihydropyrrolizines hydroxydanaidal and danaidal in the male scent organs (coremata) of the arctiids,Estigmene acrea (Drury),Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.), andPyrrharctia isabella (J.E. Smith), was shown to depend on the presence of a source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in the larval diet.Phragmatobia males given an artificial diet supplemented with the powdered roots of the PA-containing plantSymphytum officinale L. (comfrey) produced more hydroxydanaidal than danaidal, whereas males given an artificial diet supplemented with dried whole plants of another PA-containing species,Senecio vulgaris L., produced more danaidal than hydroxydanaidal.Pyrrharctia males produced hydroxydanaidal with little if any danaidal, whether the source of PAs was comfrey orS. vulgaris. A behavioral bioassay showed that the coremata of PA-deniedPyrrharctia male progeny of PA-denied parents were pheromonally inactive, whereas those of PA-denied male progeny of PA-supplied parents (male and/or female) were often active. This indicates that a small amount of pheromone is made from PAs transferred from the female to her eggs and that males effect copulatory transfers of PAs that are, in turn, passed to the eggs by the mated female. Field observations ofPhragmatobia andPyrrharctia larvae feeding on sources of PAs were reported. The PA monocrotaline was shown to be a feeding stimulant forPyrrharctia larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method in the qualitative and quantitative GC analysis of cheese volatile components (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 861-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Simultaneous distillation-extraction ; Cheese volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus proposed by Godefroot has been used for the GC study of volatile components of cheese. 5–10 g of cheese provide a fraction that can be directly injected into a GC or a GC/MS. Two capillary columns (SE-30 and SP-1000) were evaluated, the second one being adequate for quantitative determinations. Camphor was used as internal standard. The coefficients of variation ranged from 1.4 to 11.8. The technique can be used as a fast method for the characterization of cheeses from their volatile component concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311418
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slope of the log plot of adjusted retention time against carbon number for various homologues serices (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 1087-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Log plot ; Homologous series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The slope of the log plot of the adjusted retention time of a homologous series usually varies from that of the n-alkane series by no more than 2%, though with unusual interactions between the functional group and the stationary phase the difference may be as high as 7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259389
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the elution curves of pure components and their mixture and prediction of elution curves by a theoretical plate model in preparative gas-liquid chromatography (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 961-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale separations ; Plate model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two close-boiling materials, diethyl ether (DEE) and dichloromethane (DCM), were separated to investigate the effects of the pure components and the mixture on elution in preparative gas-liquid chromatography. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas, and the chromatographic column (1 cm I.D. and 0.75m length) was packed with Chromosorb A with different quantities of dinonyl phthalate stationary phase and particle sizes. Below ca. 7% (by wt.) of feed concentration, the experimental elution curves of pure DEE and DCM were almost the same as those of the mixture, and the theoretical plate model can be used successfully to predict the elution curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259412
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On some aspects of the silica surface modification with hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, hexamethyldisilazane and their mixtures (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 404-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper is concerned with the structure of an organic layer bonded to the silica surface modified with silazanes. The changes of the retention volumes of hydrocarbons is studied for the silicas modified with hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, hexamethyldisilazane and their mixtures. It is shown that most of the carbon in the layer after hexamethylcyclotrisilazane modification is bonded to the surface by Si−O−Si bonds. This fact supports the assumption of a fragmentation of the cyclosilane used for modification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324782
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for linearity in retention time — Carbon number plots for n-alkanes (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Statistical criteria ; Non-linear models ; Constants for n-alkane retention curve ; Multiparametric least-squares adjustment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multiparametric, least-squares, regression treatment of G.C. data is extended to describe deviations from the usual linear model. Through statistical evaluation of results, four parameters models are generally found adequate and the use of higher degree empirical models is discouraged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324779
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature-programmed data (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 25 (1988), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Temperature programming ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is presented for the calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature-programmed data. If the retention times at two different program rates for the solutes and the n-alkanes are known, the retention indices at an assigned temperature can be calculated directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324830
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical background of multicomponent gas chromatography for high concentrations (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Non-equilibrium frontal chromatography ; Nonlinear isotherms ; Variable velocity ; Multicomponent mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a classification of various theoretical models for multicomponent gas chromatography at u=var for high concentrations of the mixture components with consideration of the major distinctive features of the interphase mass exchange inside the porous grains of the adsorbent and outside them within the porous medium of the chromatographic column. It has been shown that the conditions determining a given front behaviour of multicomponent gas mixture at u=var depend on: theoretical models for the kinetics and dynamics of adsorption; the values of mass exchange parameters inside the porous grains and in the porous medium. Formulae have been derived for calculating the values of the quantities characterising the frontal behaviour in the stage of adsorption and desorption of multicomponent mixture at u=var.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268136
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling and analysis of airborne methylbromide (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 27 (1989), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Methylbromide ; Charcoal tubes ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Air sampling of methylbromide using 900 mg HBr-treated activated charcoal tubes, followed by solvent desorption and FID or ECD chromatographic analysis, makes it possible to evaluate concentrations ranging from 0.2 ppm (1 mg×m−3) to 250 ppm (1g×m−3) at ambient temperature even with a high hygrometric level. Thermal desorption does not lead to satisfactory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass loadability of various stationary phases in gas chromatography (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 27 (1989), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass loadability ; Stationary phase capacity ; Capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In GLC the mass load can be normalized with respect to the amount of stationary phase in one plate. This quantity can be used for a specified solute-liquid phase combination in any capillary or packed column, irrespective of the column dimensions or the number of plates. For each individual solute in a given stationary phase a unique factor β″ can be found, which accounts for the specific shape of the isotherm of this particular combination. this factor β″ corresponds well with the activity coefficients of the solutes in the stationary phase, by which a fairly good approximation of the mass loadability of the column at hand can be made without need for experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290407
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional behavior of lesser peachtree borer in presence of host-plant volatiles (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 237-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; extracted volatile compounds ; Synanthedon pictipes ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; chemosensory ; insect behavior ; oviposition ; mechanosensory ; host-insect interactions ; olfactory receptors ; oviposition behavior ; apple ; peach ; pear ; plant odors ; Prunus spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of lesser peachtree borer [Synanthedon pictipes (G&R)] to volatiles of peach wood, either natural or chemically fractionated, were observed. Mated females were stimulated by and responsive to such materials and deposited significantly more eggs on substrates, including unnatural hosts, that had been treated with aqueous mixtures of bark-canker materials. Stimulation to oviposit occurred even when the female was blinded, indicating the presence of chemical cues. Natural canker-bark extracts immediately stimulated ovipostion and for a few hours significantly increased the number of eggs laid. However, average fecundity was not increased. Antennectomy did not significantly decrease response to volatiles by gravid females, and alternate sites of such chemoreception were not located. Complex mixtures derived by solvent extraction, steam distillation, and volatiles trapping from bark, canker, and gum all had activity. Observations of insect behavior in outdoor cages and also in the laboratory indicated that visual, chemosensory, and mechanosensory receptors are involved in host finding and oviposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022544
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of qualitative and quantitative variation in allelochemicals on a generalist insect: Iridoid glycosides and the southern armyworm (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Iridoid glycosides ; Spodoptera eridania ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; allelochemical variation ; toxicity/deterrence ; plant-insect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral and physiological effects of plant allelochemicals have been difficult to demonstrate; it is not often clear whether the compounds are deterrent, toxic, or both. In this study, we compared the qualitative and quantitative effects of several iridoid glycosides on a generalist lepidopteran herbivore,Spodoptera eridania (Noctuidae). Larval growth and survivorship and larval preference or avoidance were measured on artificial diets containing different iridoid glycosides at different concentrations. We also tested the toxicity/deterrence of these compounds. We found that iridoid glycosides retarded larval growth significantly at relatively low concentrations and that they were usually avoided in preference tests. The toxicity/ deterrence test did not always reflect the results of these other tests. The merits of using a variety of methods for determining deterrence and/or toxicity of plant allelochemicals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022550
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of female sex pheromone ofEoreuma loftini Dyar (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mexican rice borer ; Eoreuma loftini ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sugarcane ; (Z)-13-octadecenal ; (Z)-13-ocadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three chemicals isolated from ovipositor rinses of virgin femaleEoreuma loftini Dyar (Mexican rice borer) moths were identified as (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate (I), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (II), and (Z)-13-octadecenal (III) in the approximate ratio 8∶1∶1.3, respectively. Preliminary tests indicate that in laboratory bioassays, these chemicals in the above ratio induce the same activity response as heptane extracts of rice borer ovipositors. Only one combination of two chemicals (I and III, 6.2∶1 ratio) elicited a similar response. Individual chemicals elicited no response. In field tests, the average number of male rice borer moths caught per night over a five-night period was the same in traps baited with 200–600-μg quantities of the 8∶1∶1.3 ratio of chemicals dispensed from strips of filter paper as with traps baited with virgin females. The two-component mixture (I and III, 6.2∶1 ratio) was not active in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022554
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic regulation of sex pheromone production and response (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 2047-2061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 11-Tetradecenyl acetate ; population genetics behavioral genetics ; Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone communication system of the European corn borer moth varies intraspecifically. Analyses of pheromonal extracts of wild females, collected in a region where the types (each producing a different isomeric proportion ofZ- andE-11-tetradecenyl acetate) are sympatric, showed that theZ pheromone-production allele frequency was ca. 4 times greater than theE allele. The paucity ofE production and response alleles in the population indicates that moths inheriting those alleles concomitantly inherit some undefined disadvantage. The types interbreed, but the frequency of heterozygous pheromone-production types among wild females was less than predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was evidence of positive assortative mating. Rates of male captures in field traps baited with females of the three pheromonal types also evidenced assortative mating in the population. Progeny tests with males captured in the traps provided circumstantial evidence that pheromone response and production functions in the species are regulated by separate genetic loci and that the loci are not always complementary; i.e., a male can carry an allele coding for production of one pheromonal isomer ratio but can be genetically predisposed to respond to another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014249
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of purplestriped shootworm,Zeiraphera unfortunana powell (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1417-1425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Zeiraphera unfortunana ; purplestriped shootworm ; Zeiraphera destitutana ; sex pheromone ; (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate ; electroantennograms ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The analyses of virgin female sex pheromone gland extracts and gland volatiles by GC, GC-EAD and GC-MS, followed by field trapping experiments, have identified (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12∶Ac) as the primary sex pheromone component of the purplestriped shootworm,Zeiraphera unfortunana. Dosages of 1.0–10.0 μg ofE9–12∶Ac impregnated in rubber septa provide an effective trap bait and can be used for monitoring purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020145
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of leaf lipids in food selection by larvae of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 669-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; feeding preference ; leaf lipid extracts ; plant surface ; hosts ; nonhosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of leaf lipids in food plant selection by larvae ofManduca sexta was investigated by measuring preference responses in a two-choice preference test using glass fiber filter paper disks laced with extract (test) or water (control). The larvae respond to the petroleum ether extract of whole leaves of the host-plantLycopersicon esculentum (tomato) extract in a concentration-dependent manner. At “natural concentration” it is the most strongly stimulating extract or compound yet tested using the disk test. This response is affected by food plant experience of the larvae, suggesting stimulation by plant-specific compounds in the extract. The extract contains volatile compounds that attract the larvae. In contrast, it does not promote continued feeding on an agar-cellulose diet that incorporates the extract. Also stimulating are the extracts of leaf surfaces of two hosts,L. esculentum andSolanum pseudocapsicum, and two acceptable nonhosts,Brassicae napus andVigna sinensis, indicating the presence of nonpolar feeding stimulants at the leaf surface. However, similar leaf-surface extracts of the unacceptable plantCanna generalis were inactive, although the surface extraction process renders this plant acceptable. Leaf-surface extracts ofL. esculentum, S. pseudocapsicum, andB. napus evoke feeding responses that are qualitatively comparable to those of their corresponding leaves. However, no such parallel is found for surface extracts ofV. sinensis andC. generalis. Thus, nonpolar compounds at the leaf surface of host and some acceptable non-host-plant species strongly stimulate feeding and hence must play an important role in food selection by the tobacco hornworm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013914
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and toxicokinetics of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA) in the european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 989-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: MBOA ; tritiated MBOA ; 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; European corn borer ; toxicokinetics ; life-cycle parameters ; body burden values ; topical application ; corn ; maize ; feeding resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The maize-derived secondary chemical 6-methyoxybenzoxazoii-none (MBOA) and a tritiated derivative were prepared synthetically for a detailed examination of their toxicity and toxicokinetics in the European corn borer (ECB),Ostrinia nubilalis. During feeding trials with MBOA incorporated into meridic diets (at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 4.0 mg/g diet), the mean time to pupation and adult emergence was significantly lengthened at concentrations of 1.5 mg MBOA/g diet and above. Increased mortality occurred at concentrations at 1.5 mg/g and above. A decrease in the sex ratio (female/ total) and fecundity was observed at concentrations of 0.5 mg/g and above. The latter observations represent new biological effects related to MBOA. In tracer studies, both uptake and excretion of MBOA administered in diets to larvae increased linearly with concentration. Body burden values indicated that the ECB larvae were capable of excreting enough compound to maintain total tissue levels at approximately 50% of the dietary concentration. Total amount of label increased with larval stage, but decreased in adults due to a large amount of label eliminated in the pupal case. In topical application studies, elimination of the label in the frass was rapid, reaching 60% by 6 hr and 82% of applied dose by 24 hr. Accumulation of label in tissues other than hemolymph was small. The results show that MBOA is toxic to ECB, but the insect has efficient methods for minimizing these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018788
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary protein and lupine alkaloids on growth and survivorship ofSpodoptera eridania (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1391-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lupinus ; Fabaceae ; lupines ; Spodoptera eridania ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; southern army worm ; sparteine ; lupanine ; alkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Toxic chemicals and nutrients are often positively correlated within and among plants. We studied how such correlations affect the suitability of plants as food for herbivores by assessing the growth and survivorship ofSpodoptera eridania (army worm) on artificial diets containing lupine alkaloids and casein. We found that (1) the effects of casein were determined by other dietary components: increased dietary casein led to increased larval growth only when the diet was also high in wheat germ. (2) Dietary alkaloids were effective at very low concentrations, reducing both growth and survivorship. The alkaloids lupanine and sparteine were not synergistic in their effects, and the interaction between alkaloids and casein was significant only in the low-wheat-germ diets. (3) The effects of casein and alkaloids were generally apparent only in the first instar, and the growth of fifth-instar larvae was unaffected by diet. (4) Using these artificial diet experiments, we can make simple predictions about the food quality of plants grown under various nutrient regimes. These predictions are consistant with recent ideas about optimal plant defenses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020143
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone components from asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Taiwan (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 497-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ostrinia furnacalis ; sex pheromone ; Asian corn borer ; (E)- and (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female sex pheromone of the Asian com borer,Ostrinia furnacalis, widespread in Taiwan, was confirmed as (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate and its geometric isomer (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of ca. 3∶1 by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. Males were attracted by the mixture of these two synthetic components in the field, but the attractiveness was less than by virgin females. The presence of minor components in the sex pheromone was therefore suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014695
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-specific titer and antennal perception of acetic acid, a component of malePseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) hairpencil secretion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 641-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pseudaletia unipuncta ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; hairpencils ; male pheromone ; acetic acid ; benzaldehyde ; benzyl alcohol ; antennal ; response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hairpencil secretion ofPseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) contains acetic acid as well as previously identified benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Age-specific titers of acetic acid were significantly greater than those of benzaldehyde and, at 25 °C, accumulation of both compounds in the hairpencils peaked on the second day after emergence. Excised antennae of males and females perceived both compounds. Antennal response to acetic acid did not vary significantly with age or sex, but male response to benzaldehyde was significantly greater than female response at all ages tested. Antennal response of both males and females to benzaldehyde tended to be greater on the fourth and eighth days after emergence than on the second.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014707
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone emission and blend percentages inEoreuma loftini determined by two methods (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromones ; pheromone adsorption ; age ; pheromone emission ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Crambinae ; Eoreuma loftini ; calling behavior ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-13-octadecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Calling behavior and pheromone emission by virgin femaleE. loftini moths were investigated in laboratory experiments. Calling peaked during the last three hours of the night. Three-day-old moths called more than older or younger moths and began calling earlier in the night than younger moths. Female emissions were collected in flasks without airflow and cylinders with airflow. Control tests indicated that the pheromone components (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (HDA) and (Z)-13-octadecenylacetate (ODA) were 69 and 54% adsorbed on moths, respectively, and the component (Z)-13-octadecenal (ODL) was 92–99% adsorbed depending on its concentration, when put into flasks with noncalling females for 4 hr. Pheromone exposed to moths for less than 4 hr was adsorbed less. After correction for adsorption, the pheromone blend from females calling in flasks was 9:42:49% of HDA/ODL/ODA with an overall emission rate of 58 ng/female/4 hr. Three-day-old females emitted more pheromone than 0- to 2- or 4- to 5-day-old moths, in flasks. Little or no pheromone put into cylinders either downwind or upwind from a male moth was adsorbed by the moth. The pheromone blends from females calling in cylinders, corrected using downwind and upwind control test results, respectively, were 15:35:50 and 13:40:48% of HDA/ODL/ODA with overall emission rates of 32 and 35 ng/female/night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027777
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ergot alkaloids from fungal endophyte-infected grasses on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Balansiae ; Clavicipitaceae ; ergot alkaloids ; fall armyworm ; feeding deterrents ; acquired chemical defense ; fungal endophytes ; grasses ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ergot alkaloids produced by endophytic fungi in the tribe Balansiae (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycetes), which infect grasses, may provide plant defense against herbivores. This study examined the effects of six ergot alkaloids on survivorship, feeding, and growth of larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a generalist herbivore of grasses. Corn leaf disks were soaked in solutions of individual ergot alkaloids at different concentrations and presented to neonate larvae. At the highest concentrations (77–100 mg/liter) of ergonovine, ergotamine, ergocryptine, agroclavine, and elymoclavine, larval weights and/or leaf area consumed after eight days were reduced relative to controls. Lysergol had no effect on larval weights and leaf consumption at any concentration. Although active concentrations were higher than those reported from two host grasses, in vivo levels of ergot alkaloids have not been quantified for most endophyte-infected grasses. The detrimental effects on fall armyworm observed in this study suggest that ergot alkaloids could be responsible, at least in part, for the greater insect resistance of endophyte-infected grasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027781
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusaric acid (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fusaric acid ; corn earworm ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; saponin ; gossypol ; 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone ; synergism ; allelochemical ; mycotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of naturally occurring levels of theFusarium spp. fungal metabolite fusaric acid to synergize the toxicity of the allelochemicals gossypol, a saponin, and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone to larvae ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) was tested. Levels of fusaric acid comparable to those found near the fungus increased mortality ofH. zea to gossypol, the saponin, and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone, and decreased the development rate of surviving larvae exposed to gossypol and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone. Some effect was also noted for levels of fusaric acid found generally distributed throughout infected plants. The chemical properties of fusaric acid suggest that it synergizes the toxicity of the allelochemicals by inhibiting oxidative enzymes responsible for detoxification. Production of the biosynthetically simple fusaric acid may be a fungal strategy for conserving resources as compared to those fungi that produce biosynthetically complex toxins of their own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027786
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationship of flavones as growth inhibitors of the navel orangeworm (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Amyelois transitella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; citrus ; flavones ; growth inhibition ; host-plant resistance ; navel orangeworm ; nobiletin ; orange ; tangeretin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of flavones with widely varying degrees of substitution was fed to neonate larvae of the navel orangeworm. Growth of navel orangeworm larvae is inhibited by 5-methoxy flavones and flavone itself; 5-hydroxy flavones do not inhibit growth. Host resistance of citrus fruit to attack by the navel orangeworm might be due to the 5-methoxy flavones that occur in the peels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027790
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, identification, and biosynthesis of compounds produced by male hairpencil glands ofHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; hairpencil glands ; male-produced compounds ; hexadecanyl acetate ; hexadecanol ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; octadecanyl acetate ; octadecanol ; tetradecanoic acid ; hexadecanoic acid ; octadecanoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of the intact hairpencil glands and hairs from the hairpencil glands of males ofHeliothis virescens (F.) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and by GC-mass spectroscopy. These analyses indicated that hexadecanyl acetate (212.4 ng/male), hexadecanol (22.3 ng/male), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (3.5 ng/male), octadecanyl acetate (14.2 ng/male) octadecanol (7.5 ng/male), tetradecanoic acid (2.7 ng/male), hexadecanoic acid (22.3 ng/male), and octadecanoic acid (6.5 ng/male) were present in the extracts. These compounds also were found in volatiles released from the hairpencil glands. In addition, GC analysis using both polar and apolar capillary columns indicated that extracts of the glands and extracts of the hairs from the hairpencil glands contained small amounts of tetradecanyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, tetradecanol, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol. No (Z)-9-tetradecenal was present. Studies indicated that titers of the compounds increased rapidly during the 36 hr after adult eclosion and then leveled off, being maintained at high levels until released when the glandular hairs were exposed. During exposure of the hair pencils substantial amounts of the compounds were released. In vivo application of 500 ng of suspensions of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, or (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide to the surface of the denuded hairpencil gland showed that biosynthesis proceeds to the alcohol via the acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027801
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased sensitivity of mixed-function oxidases frompapilio polyxenes to inhibitors in host plants (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Papilio polyxenes ; Papilio troilus ; Papilionidae ; Heliothis zea ; noctuidae ; myristicin ; safrole ; xanthotoxin ; mixed-function oxidase inhibition ; methylenedioxyphenyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Caterpillars ofPapilio polyxenes, the black swallowtail, feed on umbellifers that contain both toxic furanocoumarins and methylenedioxyphenyl compounds such as myristicin and safrole. These phytosynergists enhance the toxicity of furanocoumarins by inhibiting mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), the detoxification enzymes responsible for metabolizing furanocoumarins. In model substrate assays, MFOs fromP. polyxenes are twice as active as MFOs fromHeliothis zea, a generalist herbivore not adapted to feeding on either furanocoumarins or furanocoumarin/phytosynergist combinations.P. polyxenes MFOs are 10 and 46 times less sensitive to inhibition by myristicin and safrole, respectively, thanH. zea MFOs and eight times less sensitive to inhibition by safrole than MFOs fromPapilio troilus, a closely related species that does not encounter furanocoumarin/phytosynergist combinations in its diet. Higher MFO activity and decreased sensitivity to MFO inhibitors are important adaptations that allow black swallowtail caterpillars to feed on many umbelliferous plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027803
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, sex pheromone ofEpinotia tedella clerck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2457-2464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; attraction inhibitors ; olfactory receptors ; Epinotia tedella ; Epinotia spp. ; Tortricidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, a reported male attractant for several New World spp. ofEpinotia, was identified as the primary pheromone of femaleE. tedella (European spruce budmoth) through chemical analysis of pheromone gland washes, the electrophysiological study of male antennal receptor types, and field-trapping tests. The washes contained this compound at a level of approximately 0.4 ng per FE, along with a similar amount of the corresponding alcohol, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Each compound activated its own specialized type of male receptor cell. No traces of stereoisomers or monoenes were found in the washes. In field-trapping tests conducted in stands of Norway spruce in southern Germany, (Z,Z)-7,9-do-decadienyl acetate as a single chemical proved highly attractive to maleE. tedella over a range of lure doses. The corresponding alcohol or aldehyde did not show attractivity; rather, in binary combinations with the primary pheromone, these compounds, and also the (E,Z)-7,9 stereoisomeric acetate, reduced captures. A 10∶1 blend of (E)-9- and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetates, reported as anE. tedella male attractant, did not reveal significant captures. No otherEpinotia spp. besidesE. tedella responded to the various 7,9-do-decadienyl test baits during this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020376
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinolizidine alkaloids obtained byPedicularis semibarbata (Scrophulariaceae) fromLupinus fulcratus (Leguminosae) fail to influence the specialist herbivoreEuphydryas editha (Lepidoptera) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2521-2530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pedicularis semibarbata ; Scrophulariaceae ; Lupinus fulcratus ; Fabaceae ; Euphydryas editha ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; herbivory ; quinolizidine alkaloids ; isolupanine ; oviposition ; parasitic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pedicularis semibarbata is apparently an obligate hemiparasite of coniferous trees. It is also a facultative parasite ofLupinus fulcratus from which we find that it obtains quinolizidine alkaloids, principally α-isolupanine. As a result, a single population ofP. semibarbata contains both alkaloidrich and alkaloid-free plants. The butterflyEuphydryas editha naturally oviposits on both plant types. This butterfly population, which is the principal herbivore attackingP. semibarbata at this site, is known to contain two morphs. Individuals of a specialist morph discriminate when ovipositing among individualP. semibarbata plants and produce offspring that survive better on accepted than on rejected plants. Those of a generalist morph accept allP. semibarbata plants and produce offspring that survive equally well on plants accepted or rejected by the discriminating morph. Because of the existence of this complex variation among the butterflies, the presence of naturally laid eggs on alkaloid-containing plants still leaves the possibility that the alkaloids may defend the plants against the specialist morph. In experiments on both oviposition preference and larval performance in early instars, we failed to detect any correlation between alkaloid content of a plant and either its acceptability to or suitability for the discriminating morph of the insect. Alkaloid presence in the host-plant population, achieved through root parasitism, is currently neither subject to strong insect-mediated selection nor a major cause of selection on the insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014728
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritable variation in pheromone response of the pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2647-2659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; sex pheromone ; genetics ; heritability ; pheromone response ; (Z, E)-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z, Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heritability of variation in male pheromone response by pink bollworm moths,Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was examined using a still-air, wing-fanning bioassay. Heritability (±SE) of overall responsiveness, as measured by the mean duration of wing fanning to the blend of pheromone components produced by females [44∶56 ratio of (Z, E)- to (Z, Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate], was 0.385 ± 0.095. Heritabilities of wingfanning duration to blends with 25 and 65%Z, E isomer were 0.377 ± 0.113 and −0.145 ± 0.103, respectively. These findings indicate an asymmetry in the genetic component of variation in response to pheromone blends with high and low proportions of theZ, E isomer. An index of response specificity for individual males was developed based on the response to an off-blend (either 25 or 65%Z, E isomer) relative to the response to the 44%Z, E blend. Heritabilities of response specificity were 0.117 ± 0.059 and −0.043 ± 0.067 for the 25 and 65%Z, E blends, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014723
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of plant foliar oxidases by insect feeding reduces nutritive quality of foliage for noctuid herbivores (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2667-2694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polyphenol oxidase ; peroxidase ; digestibility reduction ; plant-insect interactions ; phenolic-protein binding ; chlorogenic acid ; Heliothis zea ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; host-plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The foliage and fruit of the tomato plantLycopersicon esculentum contains polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD) that are compartmentally separated from orthodihydroxyphenolic substrates in situ. However, when leaf tissue is damaged by insect feeding, the enzyme and phenolic substrates come in contact, resulting in the rapid oxidation of phenolics to orthoquinones. When the tomato fruitwormHeliothis zea or the beet army-wormSpodoptera exigua feed on tomato foliage, a substantial amount of the ingested chlorogenic acid is oxidized to chlorogenoquinone by PPO in the insect gut. Additionally, the digestive enzymes of the fruitworm have the potential to further activate foliar oxidase activity in the gut. Chlorogenoquinone is a highly reactive electrophilic molecule that readily binds cova-lently to nucleophilic groups of amino acids and proteins. In particular, the —SH and —NH2 groups of amino acids are susceptible to binding or alkylation. In experiments with tomato foliage, the relative growth rate of the fruitworm was negatively correlated with PPO activity. As the tomato plant matures, foliar PPO activity may increase nearly 10-fold while the growth rate of the fruitworm is severely depressed. In tomato fruit, the levels of PPO are highest in small immature fruit but are essentially negligible in mature fruit. The growth rate of larvae on fruit was also negatively correlated with PPO activity, with the fastest larval growth rate occurring when larvae fed on mature fruit. The reduction in larval growth is proposed to result from the alkylation of amino acids/protein byo-quinones, and the subsequent reduction in the nutritive quality of foliage. This alkylation reduces the digestibility of dietary protein and the bioavailability of amino acids. We believe that this mechanism of digestibility reduction may be extrapolatable to other plant-insect systems because of the ubiquitous cooccurrence of PPO and phenolic substrates among vascular plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014725
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myristicin, safrole, and fagaramide as phytosynergists of xanthotoxin (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Xanthotoxin ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; myristicin ; fagaramide ; safrole ; isosafrole ; synergism ; phytosynergist ; phototoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The methylenedioxyphenyl-containing (MDP) inhibitors of mixed-function oxidase detoxification enzymes, myristicin, safrole, fagaramide, and isosafrole, occur with xanthotoxin or other toxic furanocoumarins in plants of the families Umbelliferae and Rutaceae. All four MDP compounds have a synergistic effect on the toxicity of xanthotoxin toHeliothis zea. Myristicin also increased the phototoxicity of xanthotoxin in the presence of UV light. The term phytosynergist is used to describe plant compounds that are present at concentrations producing no toxic effect by themselves but have a synergistic effect on cooccurring toxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027792
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...