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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central nervous processing of behaviourally relevant odours in solitary and gregarious fifth instar locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 453-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Olfaction ; Locust ; Schistocerca gregaria ; Deutocerebrum ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Physiological and morphological characteristics of antennal lobe neurons of solitary and gregarious fifth-instar nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, were studied using intracellular recording and staining techniques. Physiological characteristics of antennal lobe neurons of both locust phases responding to stage-dependent aggregation pheromones, egg-laying attractants, a putative sex pheromone and plant-associated volatiles are described. Antennal lobe neurons showed excitatory, inhibitory, combined excitatory and inhibitory and delayed responses. In addition, one neuron␣showing an initial inhibition followed by an excitation and inhibition response was found. Pheromone-specific-, plant-specific- and pheromone-plant-generalist neurons were found in both locust phases. Antennal lobe neurons displayed stage- and phase-dependent differences in the processing of aggregation pheromone component input. Nymphal antennal lobe neurons showed stage-dependent response characteristics highly correlated with the preferential behavioural attraction to the nymphal aggregation pheromone. Phase-dependent differences were found in the response spectra and the sensitivity of the same neuron types. Neurons of solitary locusts responded significantly more frequently to some of the tested components than neurons of gregarious locusts. Furthermore, antennal lobe neurons of solitary locusts showed a higher sensitivity to most of the tested compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050271
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory receptor neurons specific to chiral sex pheromone components in male and female Anomala cuprea beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Olfaction ; Scarab beetle ; Sex pheromone ; Olfactory receptor neuron ; Single sensillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chemical communication in scarab beetles involves female-released long-distance sex pheromones. Electrophysiological recordings using tungsten microelectrodes demonstrated two types of olfactory receptor neurons in the scarab beetle Anomala cuprea, each specific for one of the two pheromone components (R)-buibuilactone and (R)-japonilure, respectively. No neurons were found that responded specifically to enantiomers of the pheromone compounds, i.e. (S)-buibuilactone and (S)-japonilure. Pheromone receptor neurons are present in high numbers on both the male and the female antenna, with a lower sensitivity in the females. As in bark beetles and moths, the pheromone receptor neurons in A. cuprea are very sensitive and selective. The difference in response thresholds between (R)- and (S)-enantiomers is almost three orders of magnitude. Pheromone receptor neurons are found in sensilla placodea located in a defined area on each lamella in the antennal club. (R)-buibuilactone and (R)-japonilure neurons are always found in different sensilla. Both types of sensilla contain two neurons, with the pheromone-sensitive neuron displaying a high spike amplitude and the second neuron, not responding to any of the tested compounds, always with a lower spike amplitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050334
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone and plant-associated odour processing in antennal lobe interneurons of male Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 773-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Olfaction ; Moth ; Electrophysiology ; Morphology ; Deutocerebrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antennal lobe interneurons of male Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were investigated by using intracellular recording and staining techniques. Physiological and morphological characteristics of local interneurons and projection neurons responding to sex pheromone and plant-associated volatiles are described. The interneurons identified were divided into three groups, depending on their physiological response characteristics. Both types of interneurons, local interneurons and projection neurons, were described in all three groups. 1. Interneurons responding exclusively to sex pheromone stimuli, displayed different degrees of specificity. These neurons responded to either one, two, three or all four of the single sex pheromone or sex pheromone-like compounds tested. Most of these neurons also responded to a mixture of the two pheromone components present in the female S. littoralis blend. Two local interneurons and one projection neuron were identified as blend specialists, not responding to the single female produced sex pheromone components, but only to their mixture. Five pheromone specific projection neurons arborized in one or more subcompartments of the macroglomercular complex (MGC) and some of them had axonal branches in the calyces of the mushroom body and in different parts of the lateral protocerebrum. 2. Interneurons responding only to plant-associated volatiles varied highly in specificity. Neurons responding to only one of the stimuli, neurons responding to a variety of different odours and one neuron responding to all stimuli tested, were found. Three specialized local interneurons had arborizations only in ordinary glomeruli. One specialized and three less specialized local interneurons had arborizations within the MGC and the ordinary glomeruli. The projection neurons responding only to plant-associated volatiles had mostly uni- or multiglomerular arborizations within the ordinary glomeruli. 3. Interneurons responding to both sex pheromones and plant-associated stimuli varied in specificity. Individual interneurons that responded to few plant-associated odours mostly responded to several pheromone stimuli as well. Projection neurons responding to most of the plant-associated volatiles also responded to all pheromone stimuli. Two local interneurons responding to both stimulus groups, arborized within the MGC and the ordinary glomeruli. Projection neurons mostly arborized in only one ordinary glomerulus or in one compartment of the MGC. The variation in specificity and sensitivity of antennal lobe interneurons and structure-function correlations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192625
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependent response characteristics of antennal lobe neurons in the male moth Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Olfaction ; Moth ; Antennal lobe ; Electrophysiology ; Stimulus amount
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Responses of antennal lobe neurons to different amounts of the female-produced pheromone blend and to its individual components were investigated in Agrotis segetum males using intracellular recording methods. We identified three physiological types of antennal lobe neurons, categorized according to their response thresholds to single pheromone components and to the blend: generalist neurons, component-specific neurons and blend-specific neurons. Response and specificity of antennal lobe neurons were largely dose dependent. In most cases specific responses occurred only at low stimulus amounts, while increasing concentrations often resulted in an increase of the number of pheromone stimuli to which the neuron responded. Dose-response relationships often differed between different stimuli activating a neuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in heliothine moths (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 535-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Olfaction ; Moth ; Pheromone ; Single sensillum ; Antennal lobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Projection patterns of olfactory receptor neurons, specifically tuned to the two principal components of the female H. virescens sex pheromone blend, and to a third pheromone-like compound of possible antagonistic significance, were examined using a combined electrophysiological and morphological technique. 2. The macroglomerular complex consists of four major glomerular subdivisions. 3. In the sensillum type containing a receptor neuron detecting the main pheromone component, Z11-16: AL, two cells were present. When the sensillum was stimulated with Z11-16:AL, a single axon, stained by a method that selectively stains active neurons, was seen projecting into the large a glomerulus. The b glomerulus was innervated by a second neuron in a few double stainings. 4. In a second sensillum type, one receptor neuron tuned to the second major pheromone component, Z9-14:AL, was found. In these sensilla, one or two receptor neurons of unknown specificity were also observed. When the sensillum was stimulated with Z9-14: AL, a single neuron projecting into glomerulus a or two neurons projecting into glomerulus a were most often observed. 5. In the third sensillum type, one neuron specifically tuned to Z11-16:AC projected to glomerulus c, and a second cell of unknown specificity projected to the same area. 6. The axonal arborizations of different physiological receptor neuron types involved in the detection of the pheromone blend do not display a clearcut morphological separation into different glomeruli in the MGC. A separation between neurons detecting attracting and repelling odours was, however, present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207183
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological responses and central nervous projections of antennal olfactory receptor neurons in the adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Antennal lobe projection ; Single sensillum ; Locust ; Receptor neuron ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory receptor neurons present in two morphological sensillum types on the male Schistocerca gregaria antenna were for the first time investigated physiologically when stimulated with behaviourally relevant odours. Neurons present in trichoid/basiconic sensilla showed clear excitatory responses to compounds present in the male-produced aggregation pheromone and also to a plant produced compound. Sensilla could be categorised physiologically according to the responses of their receptor neurons to the tested stimuli. Also receptor neurons present in sensilla coeloconica responded to aggregation pheromone components, but always in an inhibitory fashion. These neurons could, however, be excited by a plant produced compound and by some acids present in the nymphal odour. The antennal lobe of the male S. gregaria was observed to contain about 1000 very small glomerular structures. Single receptor neurons were stained from the antenna to the antennal lobe using a cobalt lysine technique. These stainings revealed a multi glomerular axonal branching pattern of antennal receptor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222783
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone mimicry in the early spider orchid (Ophrys sphegodes): patterns of hydrocarbons as the key mechanism for pollination by sexual deception (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 567-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key wordsAndrena nigroaenea ; Sex pheromone ; Chemical mimicry ; Orchid pollination ; Wax compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the female-produced sex pheromone of the solitary bee Andrena nigroaenea and compared it with floral scent of the sexually deceptive orchid Ophrys sphegodes which is pollinated by Andrena nigroaenea males. We identified physiologically and behaviorally active compounds by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and behavioral tests in the field. Dummies scented with cuticle extracts of virgin females or of O.sphegodes labellum extracts elicited significantly more male reactions than odorless dummies. Therefore, copulation behavior eliciting semiochemicals are located on the surface of the females' cuticle and the surface of the flowers. Within bee and orchid samples, n-alkanes and n-alkenes, aldehydes, esters, all-trans-farnesol and all-trans-farnesyl hexanoate triggered electroantennographic responses in male antennae. Most of the alkanes and alkenes occurred in similar patterns both in the bees and orchids. O. sphegodes leaf extracts contained mostly the same compounds but in different proportions. In behavioral tests with synthetic compounds, blends of alkenes triggered significantly more approaches and pounces of the males whereas alkanes were not more attractive than odorless dummies. Since alkanes and alkenes together were most attractive, we conclude they constitute the bees' sex pheromone as well as the pseudocopulation-behavior releasing orchid-odor bouquet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590000112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone perception in male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Electroantennogram ; Single sensillum ; Olfaction ; Diprionol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electroantennographic and single sensillum recordings were performed on male pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, antennae. Responses to the sex pheromone component (2S, 3S, 7S)- 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecenyl (diprionyl) acetate (SSS:OAc), to the behavioral inhibitor (2S, 3R, 7R)-diprionyl acetate (SRR:OAc), to the six other enantiomers of diprionyl acetate, and to the biosynthetic precursor diprionol were recorded. Responses to trans-perillenal, a monoterpene identified in female gland extracts and to (2S, 3S, 7S)-diprionyl propionate (SSS:OPr), a field attractant for N. sertifer and some related sawfly species were also recorded. EAG recordings demonstrated a high antennal sensitivity to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. A somewhat lower response was elicited by SRR:OAc. Single sensillum recordings revealed 8–12 different cells firing in each sensillum, corresponding to the number of cells observed in earlier morphological investigations. Out of these cells all, except one, responded to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. No differences in the response to the two components could be observed. The largest amplitude cell in each sensillum was specifically tuned to the behavioral antagonist, SRR:OAc. The pheromone perception system encountered in male pine sawflies thus differs clearly from that observed in moths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of antennal lobe neurons in the male turnip moth, Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 547-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Olfaction ; Moth ; Pheromone ; Intracellular morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interneurons with dendritic branches in the antennal lobe of the male turnip moth, Agrotis segetum (Schiff., Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated with intracellular recording and staining methods. Seventeen projection neurons that transmit information from the antennal lobe to higher centers in the brain displayed dendritic arbors in the male specific macroglomerular complex (MGC) and responded to chemical components of the female sex pheromone used in species-specific sexual communication. Most of the projection neurons responded to several of the pheromone components tested, and a precise correlation between the location of the dendritic arborization and the physiological response could not be demonstrated. One MGC-projection neuron fit the definition of “blend specialist”. It did not respond to the individual components of the behaviorally active pheromone blend, but showed a strong response to the components when combined in the species-specific blend. Some of the projection neurons also showed clear responses to phenylacetaldehyde, a flower-produced compound and/or to (E)-2-hexenal, a common green-leaf volatile. In eight neurons, the axonal projection could be followed to the calyces of the mushroom body, and subsequently to the inferior lateral protocerebrum. Four local interneurons were characterized both morphologically and physiologically. Each neuron arborized extensively throughout the antennal lobe, and each responded to one or several of the pheromone compounds, and/or to one or both of the plant-produced compounds. One of the local interneurons responded exclusively to the pheromone blend, but not to the individual components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199476
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of olfactory response to sex pheromone components in Ostrinia nubilalis (1987)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447935
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