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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 25 (1960), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 33 (1986), S. 258-277 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lebenszyklus und Aspekte der sozialen Organisation vonExoneura bicolor werden erstmalig beschrieben. Die untersuchte Population war univoltin, wobei die Eiproduktion vom späten Winter bis zum Frühsommer stattfand. Das ganze Jahr hindurch enthalten die meisten Nester mehr als ein Weibchen, und die meisten Nester werden auch durch Gruppen von bis zu 6 Weibchen gegründet. Eine reproduktive Differenzierung zwischen Nestgenossinnen ist im Winter sehr ausgeprägt, mit nur einer oder zwei Eierlegerinnen in jedem Nest. Diese Weibchen scheinen hauptsächlich für die Erhaltung ihrer adulten Nestgenossinnen im Herbst verantwortlich zu sein. Im Frühling werden weitere Weibchen begattet und beginnen Eier zu legen, obwohl einige unbegattet bleiben und keine Ovarvergrößerung aufweisen. Neue Nester werden im Spätfrühling gegründet. Gründerinnen sind begattet und haben vergrößerte Ovarien. Die Verwandtschaft der Nestinsassen wurde mittels eines Regressionsverfahrens für polymorphe Enzyme bestimmt. Sie war ählich in überwinterten wie auch neu gegründeten Nestern. Dies deutt an, daß die Nestgründerinnen jeweils aus demselben Mutternest stammen. Die Konsequenzen aus dem Fortbestehen polygyner Nester und der reproduktiven Differenzierung werden erörtert. Es wird dargelegt, daß Bezeichnungen wie “eusozial” und “semi-sozial” nicht geeignet sind um ontogenetische Stadien in der Entwicklung von Allodapinen-Kolonien zu beschreiben.
    Notes: Summary The life cycle and aspects of the social organization ofExoneura bicolor are described for the first time. The population studied was univoltine, with egg production occuring from late winter through to early summer. Throughout the year most nests are occupied by more than one female, and most new nests are initiated by groups of up to 6 cofoundresses. Reproductive differentiation between nestmates is very pronounced during winter, with only one or two egg-layers in each nest. These females appear to be largely responsible for maintaining their adult nestmates in Autumn. In spring, additional females are inseminated and begin to lay eggs, though some remain unmated and do not show ovarian enlargement. New nests are founded during late spring, and most foundresses are mated and have enlarged ovaries. Relatedness between nestmates was estimated using a polymorphic enzyme regression technique, and was found to be similar for both overwintered and co-founded nests, suggesting that co-foundresses originate from the same natal nests. The consequences of persistant multi-female nests and reproductive differentiation are discussed, and it is suggested that terms such as ‘eusocial’ and ‘semisocial’ are inappropriate to describe even ontogenetic stages in allodapine colony development.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Exoneura bicolor ; sociality ; Allodapini ; social variation ; bees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous studies of the allodapine beeExoneura bicolor have utilised a predominantly social population from tall montane forests. In this report we examine aspects of the sociality and biology of a population from subcoastal heathland in western Victoria, Australia. Entire colonies, nesting inXanthorrhoea minor, were collected at monthly intervals over 12 months between February 1989 and January 1990. In addition, three collections fromMelaleuca squarrosa were made over three consecutive winter months. The heathland population differs from the montane population in several aspects associated with sociality: (i) it shows lower levels of co-occupancy in both newly founded and re-used nests; (ii) foundress dispersal occurs over a larger proportion of the year; and (iii) there may be a partical second brood produced in late summer, during and after adult eclosion of the first brood. The occurrence of a partial second brood gives rise to opportunities for sib-rearing and eusociality. Colony sizes tend to be larger inM. squarrosa thanX. minor, but still smaller than colonies from the montane population. Egg-laying commences several weeks earlier in multifemale colonies than in single female colonies, before spring dispersal begins. It appears that multifemale colonies are more successful at preventing brood loss than single females and that the mean number of brood per female is larger in multifemale colonies than in single female colonies. These two populations, which display differences in several life history traits, provide an ideal system for studying the mechanisms maintaining social behavior.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; social bees ; behavioural castes ; behaviour ; Exoneura bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Exoneura bicolor is a univoltine allodapine bee common in montane forests of southern Australia, where it exhibits a semisocial/quasisocial colony organization. Within-nest behaviour in postemergence autumn nests ofExoneura bicolor was recorded with the aim of studying behavioural specialization in pre-reproductive colonies. Ten complete colonies were transferred to purpose-built observation nests shortly before brood eclosion in late summer. Behaviour within observation nests was recorded for periods of up to 44 days after establishment, covering a period when colonies are preparing for overwintering. Dispersal of females and brood rearing do not occur at this time, although some females may become inseminated. Analyses of data using multivariate techniques indicated four distinguishable behavioural castes, designated here as Guards, Nest Absenters, Nest Modifiers and Non-recruits. This represents a higher degree of behavioural specialization than recorded to date for other allodapines. Behaviours performed by Guards and Nest Absenters are likely to involve considerable risks, but benefit the colony as a whole, so that some nestmates in prereproductive colonies exhibit altruism that frequently aids adult siblings or cousins. The males in our study were fed by females via trophallaxis and two of the males participated in nest maintenance tasks. Our results suggest that autumn colonies ofE. bicolor form well-integrated behavioural units even though brood rearing does not commence until the following spring.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Allodapini, Brevineura, Exoneura, social evolution, phylogenetic conservatism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: We present the first data on the social biology of the allodapine bee, Brevineura froggatti. Colony sizes are small, and only 12.5% of nests contained more than two females. Brood rearing occurs throughout the year, including winter, as it does in the other species of Brevineura studied to date. In both Brevineura species, per capita brood production is much higher in multi-female nests than single female nests, raising the question of why more colonies aren't multifemale. The occurrence of small colony sizes, despite large benefits to group living, differs strongly from species of the sister clade Exoneura. These findings, combined with previous allodapine studies, indicate conservatism in voltinism, brood phenology and colony size within, but not between, Australian allodapine genera.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The N1303K mutation was identified in the second nucleotide binding fold of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene last year. We have gathered data from laboratories throughout Europe and the United States of America in order to estimate its frequency and to attempt to characterise the clinical manifestations of this mutation. N1303K, identified on 216 of nearly 15000 CF chromosomes tested, accounts for 1.5% of all CF chromosomes. The frequency of the N1303K allele varies significantly between countries and ethnic groups, being more common in Southern than in Northern Europe. This variation is independent of the AF508 allele. It was not found on UK Asian, American Black or Australian chromosomes. N1303K is associated with four different linked marker haplotypes for the polymorphic markers XV-2c, KM.19 and pMP6d-9. Ten patients are homozygous for this mutation, whereas 106 of the remainder carry one of 12 known CF mutations in the other CF allele. We classify N1303K as a “severe” mutation with respect to the pancreas, but can find no correlation between this mutation, in either the homozygous or heterozygous state, and the severity of lung disease.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Details of haplotype and ΔF508 status from various populations represented in the cystic fibrosis (CF) DNA bank of the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital are provided, together with information on the association of genotype and clinical status. Clinical details and DNA analyses from native English in the North-West and South-West of England (Bath), from Lancashire Pakistani families and from Afrikaans Namibian families are compared. A 78.5% incidence of ΔF508 has been found in English families. Compound heterozygotes with CF and only one ΔF508 gene have an increased likelihood of having milder disease, with lessPseudomonas isolated from sputum and relatively more showing either no regular respiratory pathogens or colonisation withStaphylococcus. There is also a relative increase in meconium ileus in these compound heterozygotes. The diagnosis of CF may be in doubt in some subjects negative for ΔF508. Some of the Bath families have unusual haplotypes for an English population and a compound heterozygote ΔF508/ΔI507 has been found. There is evidence from metD analysis of the founder effect in the Afrikaans Namibian families, who have a high ΔF508 incidence.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 215-216 (June 1996), p. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4183-4188 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The B2 H5 radical has been generated by the F+B2 H6 reaction, and studied by photoionization mass spectrometry. The photoion yield curve for B2H+5 (B2 H5 ) is extremely weak at the adiabatic threshold (∼6.945 eV), at least three orders of magnitude weaker than at its maximum (∼9.67 eV). This observation provides support for recent ab initio calculations, which predict a singly bridged B2 H5 and a triply bridged B2H+5 as ground states. Evidence is presented for the coexistence of a doubly bridged B2 H5 isomer, ∼3 kcal/mol higher in energy. From the appearance potential of B2H+3 (B2 H5 ), a B2 H5 –H bond energy of (approximately-less-than)102.7 kcal/mol is obtained. From the photoion yield curve of B2H+3 (B2 H5 ), at least one, and perhaps two, excited states of B2H+5 can be inferred. The lower one also branches into parent B2 H5, an apparent violation of QET.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 6338-6338 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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