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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A joint NASA/U.S. industry program to test advanced technology airfoils in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Tunnel (TCT) was formulated under the Langley ACEE Project Office. The objectives include providing U.S. industry an opportunity to compare their most advanced airfoils to the latest NASA designs by means of high Reynolds number tests in the same facility. At the same time, industry would again experience in the design and construction of cryogenic test techniques. The status and details of the test program are presented. Typical aerodynamic results obtained, to date, are presented at chord Reynolds number up to 45 x 10(6) and are compared to results from other facilities and theory. Details of a joint agreement between NASA and the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsantalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. (DFVLR) for tests of two airfoils are also included. Results of these tests will be made available as soon as practical.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 37-53
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Dynamic model verification is the process whereby an analytical model of a dynamic system is compared with experimental data, adjusted if necessary to bring it into agreement with the data, and then qualified for future use in predicting system response in a different dynamic environment. These are various ways to conduct model verification. The approach taken here employs Bayesian statistical parameter estimation. Unlike curve fitting, whose objective is to minimize the difference between some analytical function and a given quantity of test data (or curve), Bayesian estimation attempts also to minimize the difference between the parameter values of that funciton (the model) and their initial estimates, in a least squares sense. The objectives of dynamic model verification, therefore, are to produce a model which: (1) is in agreement with test data; (2) will assist in the interpretation of test data; (3) can be used to help verify a design; (4) will reliably predict performance; and (5) in the case of space structures, will facilitate dynamic control.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 15 p
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Multidisciplinary analysis often requires optimization of nonlinear systems that are subject to constraints. Trajectory optimization is one example of this situation. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) was used successfully for a number of problems. The purpose is to describe POST and a new optimization approach that has been incorporated into it. Typical uses of POST will also be illustrated. The projected-gradient approach to optimization is the preferred option in POST and is discussed. A new approach to optimization, the random-walk approach, is described, and results with the random-walk approach are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 23 p
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The purpose is not to provide a detailed discussion of several wall interference experiments, but rather to use these experiments (recently accomplished in the Boeing Transonic Wind Tunnel (BTWT) to illustrate the problems associated with many of the measurements required by current wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) procedures. The wall correction to lift is emphasized. It is shown that, because conventional tunnels and relatively small models continue to be used, the flow field or flow boundary measurements to be made impose severe requirements on the experiment itself. In some cases, existing instrumentation and test techniques may not be adequate to obtain the data accuracies needed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 21-42
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Based upon limited, initial observations of wall interference corrections obtained for one airfoil test, there is a need for assessing the upstream flow direction. If there is no direct measurement then a two-pass correction procedure similar to the one described here is required. Questions have arisen pertaining to the correct interpretation of the pressure coefficients measured on the slats of a slotted tunnel wall, the interpretation of just what the calculated equivalent body encompasses or should include, and what can or should be considered as quantitative criteria for data correctability. Further studies using this modified procedure will address these questions. Hopefully, a meaningful WIAC procedure can be validated for the airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 393-414
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A series of airfoils were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Reynolds numbers from 2 to 50 million. The 0.3-m TCT is equipped with Barnwell slots designed to minimize blockage due to the tunnel flow and ceiling. This design suggests that sidewall corrections for blockage is needed, and that a lifting airfoil produces a change in angle of attack. Sidewall correction methods were developed for subsonic and subsonic-transonic flow. Comparisons of theory with experimental data obtained in the 0.3-m TCT for two airfoils, the British NPL 9510 and the German R-4 are presented. The NPL 9510 was tested as part of the NASA/United Kingdom Joint Aeronautical Program and R-4 was tested as part f the DFVLR/NASA Advanced Airfoil Research Program. For the NPL 9510 airfoil, only those test points that one would anticipate being difficult to predict theoretically are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 375-392
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Representation of the flow around full-scale ships was sought in the subsonic wind tunnels in order to a Hain Reynolds numbers as high as possible. As part of the quest to attain the largest possible Reynolds number, large models with high blockage are used which result in significant wall interference effects. Some experiences with such a high blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel are summarized. The main results of the experiment relating to wind tunnel wall interference effects are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 345-360
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The various procedures referred to as wall interference assessment and correction procedures presume the existence of a surface distribution of data (usually static pressure) measured over a surface on or near the tunnel walls for each test point to be assessed. An alternative approach in which a reasonably sophisticated computer model of the test section flow would be fitted parametrically to a sparse set of measured data is presented. The measurements provides line distributions of static pressure near the center lines of the top, side and bottom walls. The development of a test section model incorporating explicit recognition of discrete slots of finite length with controlled flow reentry into the solid wall downstream portion of the tunnel is shown.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 323-334
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  • 9
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall interference is made predominant in tunnel models and by wall geometries to facilitate the study of slot flow. The viscous effects in slots are studied by two dimensional measurements of flow. Wall interference is assessed by measuring pressure distributions at two levels near the walls. Interference on lifting delta wings is calculated. Pressure distributions at inner boundaries show basis axisymetries between the pressure side and the suction side, pointing to the necessity of having wider slots on the pressure side.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 293-300
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Classical methods for calculation of wall corrections which are not satisfactory for a number of flows of interest are discussed. To meet these objections, a number of methods were developed which use measurements of the low at or close to the tunnel walls as an outer boundary condition to define wall interference. The development, assessment and application of one such method is summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 259-271
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  • 11
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Measured field data as a boundary condition for calculating the interference flow field were applied. They are divided into two categories. In the first category, the field data must consist of distributions of a single velocity component, and an accurate estimate of the hypothetical free air contribution of the model to this component is required. The differences between measured values and estimated model contributions are attributed to wall interference and they establish the boundary condition. The associated field data measurements are simple, yet the necessary model representation generally is a serious drawback. The second category requires field data which consist of velocity vector distributions at the price of multicomponent measurements, but at the profit that no information at all is required about the model. In solid wall test sections, the price is reduced to virtually zero but the profit remains.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 221-229
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A limited-zone ventilated wall panel was developed for a closed-wall icing tunnel which permitted correct simulation of transonic flow over model rotor airfoil sections with and without ice accretions. Candidate porous panels were tested in the Ohio State University 6- x 12-inch transonic airfoil tunnel and result in essentially interference-free flow, as evidenced by pressure distributions over a NACA 0012 airfoil for Mach numbers up to 0.75. Application to the NRC 12- x 12-inch icing tunnel showed a similar result, which allowed proper transonic flow simulation in that tunnel over its full speed range.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 165-170
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The free-stream interference caused by the flow through the slotted walls of the test sections of transonic wind tunnels has continuously a problem in transonic tunnel testing. The adaptive-wall transonic tunnel is designed to actively control the near-wall boundary conditions by sucking or blowing through the wall. In order to make the adaptive-wall concept work, parameters for computational boundary conditions must be known. These parameters must be measured with sufficient accuracy to allow numerical convergence of the flow field computations and must be measured in an inviscid region away from the model that is placed inside the wind tunnel. The near-wall flow field was mapped in detail using a five-port cone probe that was traversed in a plane transverse to the free-stream flow. The initial experiments were made using a single slot and recent measurements used multiple slots, all with the tunnel empty. The projection of the flow field velocity vectors on the transverse plane revealed the presence of a vortex-like flow with vorticity in the free stream. The current research involves the measurement of the flow field above a multislotted system with segmented plenums behind it, in which the flow is controlled through several plenums simultaneously. This system would be used to control a three-dimensional flow field.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 119-142
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A three-dimensional adaptive-wall wind tunnel experiment was conducted at Ames Research Center. This experiment demonstrated the effects of wall interference on the upwash distribution on an imaginary surface surrounding a lifting wing. This presentation demonstrates how the interference assessment procedure used in the adaptive-wall experiments to determine the wall adjustments can be used to separately assess lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a passive-wall wind tunnel. The effects of lift interference on the upwash distribution and on the model lift coefficient are interpreted by a simple horseshoe vortex analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 89-100
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A wall interference correction method for closed rectangular test sections was developed which uses measured wall pressures. Measurements with circular discs for blockage and a rectangular wing as a lift generator in a square closed test section validate this method. These measurements are intended to be a basis of comparison for measurements in the same tunnel using ventilated (in these case, slotted) walls. Using the vortex lattice method and homogeneous boundary conditions, calculations were performed which show sufficiently high pressure levels at the walls for correction purposes in test sections with porous walls. In Gottingen, an adaptive test section (which is a deformable rubber tube of 800 mm diameter) was built and a computer program was developed which is able to find the necessary wall adaptation for interference-free measurements in a single step. To check the program prior to the first run, the vortex lattice method was used to calculate wall pressure distributions in the nonadapted test section as input data for the one-step method. Comparison of the pressure distribution in the adapted test section with free-flight data shows nearly perfect agreement. An extension of the computer program can be made to evaluate the remaining interference corrections.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 61-78
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The following areas were addressed: interchangeable test sections in the 0.3-M Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT); typical airfoil installation; airfoil capability; advanced technology airfoil test (ATAT); effects of the Reynolds number on the normal force coefficient; effects of the Reynolds number on the drag coefficient; and comparison of experimental results with theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 361-374
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A formula for the determination of equivalent model geometry with two variables measured at the interface is derived, based on two dimensional subsonic flow. This predicted model profile is a reasonable initial estimate for transonic flow as long as the sonic region does not reach the interface. A general formula is given in two forms. One is in terms of complex variable functions and the other is an integral equation. The complex-function formula has the advantage of using analytic expressions. The integral equation form requires a numerical solution after assuming the model geometry as a polynomial function. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the formulas.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 335-342
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall interference correction procedures seek to determine the required changes in certain flow or geometric parameters so that the difference between the flow properties at the model's surface in the tunnel and free air are minimized. A transonic and a linear correction procedure were developed for aircraft models. In addition to Mach number and angle of attack corrections, an estimate of the accuracy of the corrections is provided by the transonic correction procedure. Lift, pitching moment and pressure measurements near the tunnel walls are required. The efficiency and accuracy of the correction procedure are improved. Moreover, correction of both the wing and tail angles of attack is allowed. The procedure is valid for transonic as well as subcritical flows. However, for subcritical flows further approximations and simplifying assumptions are made, leading to a very simple and efficient correction procedure.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 301-322
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  • 19
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A facet of a unified tunnel correction scheme which uses wall pressures to determine tunnel induced blockage and upwash is described. With this method, there is usually no need to use data concerning model forces or power settings to find the interference; it follows directly from the pressures and tunnel dimensions. However, highly inclined jets do not produce good pressure signatures and are highly three dimensional, so they must be treated differently. Flow modeling is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 273-290
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Wall corrections as a function of wall porosity in the transonic wall interference problem was assessed. Effective porosities primarily for the two dimensional case were established as follows: (1) comparison of experimental data for two geometrically similar models of different chord/height ratio, an overall value of wall porosity could be deduced; (2) theoretical development which allows for unequal porosity for the floor and ceiling and wall boundary pressure measurements, porosities for floor and ceiling could be deduced; (3) a scheme was developed which allowed unequal porosity of floor and ceiling and streamwise varying porosity. The boundary layer development along the perforated floor and ceiling under the influence of the model pressure field, variations in boundary layer thickness underlining the difficulties in deducing meaningful values of wall porosity were determined. Wall boundary pressure measurement, in combination with singularity modelling of the airfoil, was sufficient to yield required information on the wall interference flow without having to establish some value for wall porosity. The singularity modelling of the airfoil initially covered only lift and volume but was extended to include drag and pitching moment, and second order volume term. It is shown by asymptotic transonic small disturbance analysis, that the derived corrections to angle of attack and free stream Mach number are correct to the first order.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 231-257
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The effort to develop classical methods to compute wall interference at transonic speeds is outlined. The two-dimensional theory and three-dimensional development are discussed. Also, some numerical application of the two-dimensional work are indicated. The basic advantages of the asymptotic theory are noted.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 193-203
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A solution for the tunnel wall boundary layer effects for three-dimensional subsonic tunnels is presented. The model potentials are represented with simple singularities placed on the centerline of the tunnel and Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates is solved for either the conventional homogeneous slotted-wall boundary condition, the solid-wall viscous boundary condition, or a combination of them. The most pronounced wall boundary layer effect is on solid blockage for completely closed wind tunnels. Boundary layers on the wall reduce the blockage from the solid-wall, no-boundary-layer case in a manner similar to opening slots in a solid wall. Additionally, for solid-wall tunnel configurations, the streamline curvature interference factor is reduced by a significant amount, whereas the lift interference factor at the model station does not depend on the boundary layer parameter. For combination wall configurations, the slot effect of the horizontal walls dominates the viscous effect of the solid sidewalls.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 205-218
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Three experiments suitable for wall interference assessment and evaluation of proposed correction methods are presented. The experiments are: (1) a series of airfoil tests using a newly designed transonic flow facility that employs side-wall boundary layer suction and upper- and lower-wall shaping; (2) tests on a swept airfoil section spanning a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed contouring on all four walls; and (3) tests on a swept wing of aspect ratio 3 mounted in a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed flat walls. Each of the experiments provides data on the airfoil sections as well as on the wind tunnel walls. All the experiments were performed in solid wall wind tunnels corrected for boundary layer displacement effects. Although the experiments were performed primarily to evaluate computer code performance, it is believed that they also provide information that can be used to evaluate methods for assessing and correcting wall interference effects.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 171-190
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Sidewall boundary layer effects were investigated by applying partial upstream sidewall boundary layer removal in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel. Over the range of sidewall boundary layer displacement thickness of these tests the influence on pressure distribution was found to be small for subcritical conditions; however, for supercritical conditions the shock position was affected by the sidewall boundary layer. For these tests (with and without boundary layer remove) comparisons with predictions of the GRUMFOIL computer code indicated that Mach number corrections due to the sidewall boundary layer improve the agreement for both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The results also show that sidewall boundary layer removal reduces the magnitude of the sidewall correction; however, a suitable correction must still be made.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 143-163
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  • 25
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: A validation of a measured boundary condition technique was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of a wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) system. An experimental evaluation was also carried out to compare performances of various techniques, to define the number of necessary boundary measurements for accurate assessment/corrections and to define the envelope of test conditions for which accurate assessment/corrections are achieved. The relative merits of a WIAC system and an adaptive wall tunnel are compared. The measurement surface boundary data is performed with a system of two rotating pipes. These pipes sweep out a cylindrical measurement surface near the tunnel walls, approximately one inch from the wall at the closest point. The experimental model was specially designed and fabricated for the adaptive wall experiments. The model is a wing/tail/body configuration with swept lifting surface. The boundary data taken in Tunnel 1T with the rotating pipe system has been shown to offer several attractive features for WIAC code evaluation. Good spatial resolution of measurements is achieved and measurements are made upstream and downstream of the model. Also, two velocity components are determined.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 101-118
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The research undertaken concerning the computation and/or reduction of wall interference follows two main axes: improvement of wall correction determinations, and use of adaptive flexible walls. The use of wall-measured data to compute interference effects is reliable when the model representation is assessed by signatures with known boundary conditions. When the computed interferences are not easily applicable to correcting the results (especially for gradients in two-dimensional cases), the flexible adaptive walls in operation in T2 are an efficient and assessed means of reducing the boundary effects to a negligible level, if the direction and speed of the flow are accurately measured on the boundary. The extension of the use of adaptive walls to three-dimensional cases may be attempted since the residual corrections are assumed to be small and are computable.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 43-60
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  • 27
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The importance of understanding and modeling the unsteady flow phenomena in turbomachinery is discussed. Historical events in the application and development of gas turbines for aircraft propulsion are traced. Technology advancements over the years are highlighted with focus on the compression system components. Trends in compressor research within the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are noted. The impact of technology advancements on the increased occurrences of unsteady flow related problems in advanced engine development programs is discussed. The impact of the new and more demanding requirements being imposed on the propulsion system to meet advanced aircraft mission needs are also noted. Brief discussions on the present day understanding and modeling capability of the unsteady flow phenomena are presented to include discussions on rotating stall, surge, flutter, forced response and noise generation.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics Unsteady Flow in Turbomachines, Vol. 1; p 1-20
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: In-flight calibration for the solr and Earth flux channels was examined. Earth Radiation on Budget (ERB) channel components were exposed to the space environment and then retrieved and resubmitted to radiometric calibration after exposure. It is suggested that corrections may be applied to ERB results and information will be obtained to aid in the selection of components for future operational solar and Earth radiation budget experiments. To assure that these high accuracy devices are measuring real variations and are not responding to changes induced by the space environment, it is desirable to test such devices radiometrically after exposure to the best approximation of the orbital environment.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 167-169
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  • 29
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The objective is to verify the capability of a cascade variable conductance heat pipe (CVCHP) system to provide precise temperature control of long life spacecraft without the need for a feedback heater or other power sources for temperature adjustment under conditions of widely varying power input and ambient environment. Solar energy is the heat source and space the heat sink for thermally loading two series connected variable conductance heat pipes. Electronics and power supply equipment requirements are minimal. A 7.5 V lithium battery supplies the power for thermistor type temperature sensors for monitoring system performance, and a 28 V lithium battery supplies power for valve actuation.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 66-69
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  • 30
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the zero-g performance of a number of transverse flat plate heat pipe modules. Performance will include the transport capability of the pipes, the temperature drop, and the ability to maintain temperature over varying duty cycles and environments. Additionally, performance degradation, if any, will be monitored over the length of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission. This information is necessary if heat pipes are to be considered for system designs where they offer benefits not available with other thermal control techniques.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 74-77
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The principal objectives of the experiment are to determine zero-g start-up performance for conventional and diode low temperature heat pipes, to evaluate heat pipe performance in zero-g for an extended period of time, to determine zero-g transport capability of each heat pipe, and to determine diode operation, including forward conductance, turndown ratio, and transient behavior. Two heat pipes, a fixed conductance transporter heat pipe and a thermal diode heat pipe, are coupled with a radiant cooler system. Both pipes are charged with ethane. Also integrated with the radiator is a phase change material (PCM) canister which provides temperature stability during transport tests. N-heptane, which has a melting/freezing point of 182 K, is used as the PCM. The high heat capacity (28 W-hr of latent heat) provided by the canister permits high power heat pipe testing at constant temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 70-73
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Numerical experiments are used to study thermally driven flows which occur during vertical Bridgman crystal growth of a single component fluid. The solid-liquid interface was specified as parabolic and flow patterns were calculated for various insulation thicknesses, Grashof, Prandtl, and Biot numbers. When the melt is on top and the gravity vector is axially downward it is shown that flow persists as long as a radial temperature gradient is present. If the interface is convex, as viewed from the liquid, a single cell is observed. A concave interface exhibits multiple counterrotating cells. The insulation thickness and Grashof, Prandtl, and Biot numbers influence the flow in a quantitative manner.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 68; 747-756
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The stability of the parallel flow between a vertical crystal-melt interface and a vertical wall held at a temperature above the melting point of the crystal is analyzed for Prandtl numbers, P, ranging from 0.01 to 100. Three modes of instability occur: (1) a buoyant mode, (2) a shear mode, and (3) a coupled crystal-melt mode. The buoyant and shear modes are similar to those that occur for flow between two vertical rigid walls held at different temperatures. For Prandtl numbers greater than approximately two, the coupled crystal-melt mode occurs at a lower Grashof number than the other two modes. Specific results are given for succinonitrile (P = 22.8) and lead (P = 0.0225). These calculations and similar calculations for a cylindrical geometry were motivated by and are in general agreement with recent experiments on succinonitrile.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 66; 514-524
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The solid-liquid interface position and the temperature gradients in both the solid and liquid at the interface have been studied in a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger crystal growth furnace. These crystal growth factors have been studied as a function of ampoule translation rate, materials properties, and the size and temperature of a small auxiliary heater placed at the edge of the furnace hot zone. It has been found that the interface position with respect to a furnace reference point is essentially constant during a run for a low thermal conductivity material whereas the interface position changes continuously during a run with high thermal conductivity material. However, the ampoule translation rate and auxiliary heater conditions produce interface position changes in both high and low thermal conductivity materials.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 69; 509-514
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  • 35
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A thin-layer Navier-Stokes code capable of predicting steady-state viscous flows is applied to the transonic flow over a Space Shuttle configuration. The code is written in the generalized coordinate system, and the grid-generation code of Fujii (1983) is used for the discretization of the flow field. The flow-field computation is done using the CRAY 1S computer at NASA Ames. The computed result is physically reasonable, even though no experimental data is available for the comparison purpose.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 36
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 809-815
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The extent and thermal stratification of the region of convective overshoot underneath the convection zone of the sun are investigated. The phenomenon of convective overshoot in general is discussed, and some of the modal and model approaches to studying it are briefly reviewed. A detailed theoretical description of the motion of plumes in a stably stratified medium is given, leading to a 'derivation' of the plume equations from the hydrodynamic equations. Entrainment is discussed, and it is shown how the plume equations can be used to compute convective overshoot in the sun. The limitations of the plume model are addressed, arguing that a thin boundary layer must exist which separates convective and radiative regions. The results of numerical integrations of the plume equations, as applied to the region of convective overshoot underneath the solar convective zone, are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 282; 316-329
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  • 38
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The motion of two and four rectilinear vortices inside a cylindrical pipe is studied under the restriction that the total circulation be zero. In the two-vortex case, it is shown that the motion is always periodic and an expression for the period is derived. In the four-vortex case, the motion is determined not to be periodic in general. However, a class of solutions where the motion is periodic is found. Several sample calculations of the vortex motion are included.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Physics of Fluids (ISSN 0031-9171); 27; 1583-158
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  • 39
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Some turbulent solutions of the unaveraged Navier-Stokes equations (equations of fluid motion) are reviewed. Those equations are solved numerically in order to study the nonlinear physics of incompressible turbulent flow. Initial three-dimensional cosine velocity fluctuations and periodic boundary conditions are used in most of the work considered. The three components of the mean-square velocity fluctuations are initially equal for the conditions chosen. The resulting solutions show characteristics of turbulence such as the linear and nonlinear excitation of small-scale fluctuations. For the stronger fluctuations, the initially nonrandom flow develops into an apparently random turbulence. Thus randomness or turbulence can arise as a consequence of the structure of the Navier-Stokes equations. The cases considered include turbulence which is statistically homogeneous or inhomogeneous and isotropic or anisotropic. A mean shear is present in some cases. A statistically steady-state turbulence is obtained by using a spatially periodic body force. Various turbulence processes, including the transfer of energy between eddy sizes and between directional components, and the production, dissipation, and spatial diffusion of turbulence, are considered. It is concluded that the physical processes occurring in turbulence can be profitably studied numerically.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Reviews of Modern Physics (ISSN 0034-6861); 56; 223-254
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  • 40
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 579, Accession no. A83-16536
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1094-110
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  • 41
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2346, Accession no. A82-31959
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1139-114
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 700-707
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  • 43
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 680-686
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  • 44
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is demonstrated that the common assumption made in solar flare beam transport theory that the beam-accompanied return current is purely electrostatically driven is incorrect, and that the return current is both electrostatically and inductively driven, in accordance with Lenz's law, with the inductive effects dominating for times greater than a few plasma periods. In addition, it is shown that a beam can only exist in a solar plasma for a finite time which is much smaller than the inductive return current dissipation time. The importance of accounting for the role of the acceleration mechanism in forming the beam is discussed. In addition, the role of return current driven anomalous resistivity and its subsequent anomalous Joule heating during the flare process is elucidated.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; 448-456
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The way in which the initial development of solar filament radiative cooling and the magnetic reconnection of a solar flare can occur in the center of a field-shear layer is demonstrated. Since the present treatment unites these two mechanisms, it indicates the common as well as the disparate features they possess. Unstable radiation serves to increase the Coulomb resistivity at the X-point, so that the reconnection is not self-quenching. The surprising dominance of the magnetic component of the perturbation in the midwavelength range indicates the need to examine the nonlinear saturation of the energy transport of the radiative mode, taking the accompanying magnetic reconnection and potential-energy release into account, for comparison with observations of filaments as well as for clues to the character of the preflare state.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; 391-398
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  • 46
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Using NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite as a communications link, astronomers are able to receive scans from the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite immediately and regularly at the Goddard Space Flight Center. This major operational improvement permits the examination of SMM imagery and spectra as they arrive, as well as the formulation of future observational sequences on the basis of the solar activity in progress. Attention is given to aspects of the sun that change in the course of the 11-year sunspot cycle's movement from maximum to minimum. Proof has been obtained by means of SMM for the near-simultaneity of X-ray and UV bursts at flare onset.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Sky and Telescope (ISSN 0037-6604); 67; 498-500
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An experiment was conducted to measure the heat transfer from a heated cylinder in crossflow in an array of circular cylinders. All cylinders had a length-to-diameter ratio of 3.0. Both in-line and staggered array patterns were studied. The cylinders were spaced 2.67 diameters apart center-to-center in both the axial and transverse directions to the flow. The row containing the heated cylinder remained in a fixed position in the channel and the relative location of this row within the array was changed by adding up to five upstream rows. The working fluid was nitrogen gas at pressures from 100 to 600 kPa. The Reynolds number range based on cylinder diameter and average unobstructed channel velocity was from 5,000 to 125,000. Turbulence intensity profiles were measured for each case at a point one half space upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder. The basis of comparison for all the heat transfer data was the single row with the heated cylinder. For the in-line cases the addition of a single row of cylinders upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder increased the heat transfer by an average of 50 percent above the base case. Adding up to five more rows caused no increase or decrease in heat transfer. Adding rows in the staggered array cases resulted in average increases in heat transfer of 21, 64, 58, 46, and 46 percent for one to five upstream rows, respectively. Previously announced in STAR as N82-19493
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Heat Transfer (ISSN 0022-1481); 106; 42-48
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  • 48
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Laminar flow control is a technology with great potential for aircraft drag reduction. Stabilization of laminar boundary layers became known as natural laminar flow (NLF) and research led to the development of NLF airfoils. Research was also conducted on stabilization by suction, referred to as laminar flow control (LFC). Experiments demonstrated that extensive laminar flow could be achieved in flight. However, there remained doubts regarding the practicality of producing, with the technology then available, wing surfaces sufficiently smooth and wavefree to meet laminar-flow criteria and maintaining the wing surface quality in normal service. In 1976, the Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) program was begun by NASA to develop fuel-conservative technology for commercial transports. The progress of the ACEE program is discussed. Attention is given to LFC wing structures, and LFC leading-edge systems.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 22; 72-76
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Recent investigations using measurements at 1 AU have discovered three types of long term variation in the interplanetary magnetic field: solar minimum decreases, solar maximum enhancements, and small decreases around solar reversal. In this study the 1972-1982 Helios 1, 2, ISEE-3, and Pioneer 10, 11 observations between 0.3 and 12 AU are examined to further investigate these changes. It was found that all three IMF solar cycle effects are also present in the Helios and Pioneer measurements, confirming that these variations occur throughout the low latitude heliosphere. In addition, the comparison of measurements by identical magnetometers on ISEE-3, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 has revealed a more rapid decrease in IMF intensity than predicted by classical Parker theory. Causes and ramifications of both the long term variations and steeper-than-expected radial gradients in the interplanetary magnetic field are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 279-282
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 586, Accession no. A83-16747
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4560); 21; 217-219
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A numerical investigation is conducted into the way in which a solar wind model initially satisfying both steady state and energy balance conditions is disturbed and deformed, under the assumption of heating that correspoonds to the energy release of solar flares of an importance value of approximately 1 which occur in radial open field regions. Flare-associated solar wind transient behavior is modeled for 1-8 solar radii. The coronal temperature around the heat source region rises, and a large thermal conductive flux flows inward to the chromosphere and outward to interplanetary space along field lines. The speed of the front of expanding chromospheric material generated by the impingement of the conduction front on the upper chromosphere exceeds the local sound velocity in a few minutes and eventually exceeds 100 million cm/sec.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 277; 379-391
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  • 52
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The numbers and spectra of the accelerated protons and nuclei that produce the neutrons and gamma-rays observed in solar flares are derived, and the results are compared with interplanetary observations of flare protons. The two most widely studied flare acceleration mechanisms, stochastic and diffusive shock acceleration, are discussed, and the arguments favoring the thick-target interaction model for neutron and gamma-ray production at the sun are briefly reviewed. The pertinent results of the theory of neutron and gamma-ray production are presented. The number and spectrum of the accelerated particles are derived from observations of nuclear deexcitation lines and the 2.223 MeV line from several flares. The June 21, 1980 and June 3, 1982 flares, from which a wealth of neutron, gamma-ray and energetic-particle data has recently become available, are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Time sequences of recurrent mass ejections have been observed during a coordinated SMY program (Sept. 1, 1980 - Sept. 23, 1980 - Oct. 2, 1980). Comparison of the temporal evolution of H-alpha and CIV brightnesses shows a weak phase lag between H-alpha and CIV maxima, in the case of homologous flares, with CIV brightness maxima preceding H-alpha maxima. The analysis of the variation of the ejection velocities is expected to lead to the determination of an energy balance. Such recurrent ejections could be due to periodic energy storage and periodic reorganization of magnetic field as envisaged to occur for flares, but at lower energy levels.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 54
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: In NOAA Active Region 2372 (April 1980), 4 x 10 to the 20th maxwells of magnetic flux concentrated in an area 30 arcsec across disappeared overnight. Vector magnetograms show that all components of the magnetic field weakened together. If the field had weakened through diffusion or fluid flow, 90 percent of the original flux would still have been detected by the magnetograph within a suitably enlarged area. In fact there was a threefold decrease in detected flux. Evidently, magnetic field was removed from the photosphere. Since the disappearing flux was located in a region of low magnetic shear and low activity in H-alpha and Ly-alpha, it is unlikely that the field dissipated through reconnection. It is argued that the most likely possibility is that flux submerged. The observations suggest that even during the growth phase of active regions, submergence is a strong process comparable in magnitude to emergence.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; 404-411
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Coronal bullets are small ejecta of cool, dense plasma observed to accelerate through the solar atmosphere from 20 to 450 km/s. The NRL Dynamic Flux Tube Model has been used to simulate the evolving physical properties of these dynamic events. The present calculations utilize an adaptive-gridding technique to resolve the fine structure within and around the bullets. In this work, an identification was made of a component of shocked plasma which piles up ahead of the bullet and eventually dominates both the dynamics and heating of the original bullet mass. The observational consequences of this shocked component are discussed in terms of the available HRTS EUV data, and suggestions are made for optimizing future observations of this phenomenon. An investigation has also been conducted of the structure of the bullet material visible in EUV spectral lines and the observable characteristics of the EUV-emitting plasma. Finally, the most likely mechanisms for accelerating the bullets, as well as favorable sites of origin are evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; 396-403
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Low-noise (S/N greater than 100), high spectral resolution observations of two pure rotation transitions of OH from the solar photosphere are used to make inferences concerning the thermal structure and inhomogeneity of the upper photosphere. It is found that the v = O R22(24.5)e line strengthens at the solar limb, in contradiction to the predictions of current one-dimensional photospheric models. The results for this line support a two-dimensional model in which horizontal thermal fluctuations in the upper photosphere are of the order plus or minus 800 K. This thermal bifurcation may be maintained by the presence of magnetic flux tubes and may be related to the solar limb extensions observed in the 30-200-micron region.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 94; 57-74
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Computations on zonal grids - in particular, grids with metric discontinuities resulting from the interspersion of highly clustered regions with coarse regions - are possible using a fully conservative form of the Osher upwind scheme. These zonal grids can result from an abrupt clustering of points near solution discontinuities or near other flow features that require improved resolution. The zonal approach is shown to capture shocks with almost 'shock-fitting' quality but with minimal effort. Results for inviscid flow, including quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flow, supersonic flow over a cylinder, and blast-wave diffraction by a ramp, are presented. These calculations demonstrate the powerful capabilities of the Osher scheme used in conjunction with zonal grids in simulating flow fields with complex shock patterns.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Computers and Fluids (ISSN 0045-7930); 12; 3, 19
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  • 58
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Solar irradiance measurements from the ACRIM experiment show a clear response to the rotation periods of g-mode oscillations (l = 1, 2, and 3) and their first harmonics. Peaks in the ACRIM spectrum at 16.6, 18.3, 20.7, 36.5, and about 71 days all lie within about 1 percent of periods arising from g-mode rotation. This means that the g-modes are a fundamental cause of irradiance fluctuations. On time scales of months and less they modulate the irradiance by means of transient flows of global scale which they stimulate in the sun's convective envelope. Dimensional arguments indicate that the flows carry up heat at an average rate of about 0.001 solar luminosities, which is not in conflict with observed changes in the irradiance. Five additional tests for g-modes and large-scale convection are given. An instability is described which undermines diffusion models of sunspot energy storage.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 93; 1-13
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The effects of mass injection and pressure gradients on the drag of surfaces were studied theoretically with the aid of boundary-layer and Navier-Stokes codes. The present investigation is concerned with the effects of spatially varying the injection in the case of flat-plate drag. Effects of suction and injection on wavy wall surfaces are also explored. Calculations were performed for 1.2 m long surfaces, one flat and the other sinusoidal with a wavelength of 30.5 cm. Attention is given to the study of the effect of various spatial blowing variations on flat-plate skin friction reduction, local skin friction coefficient calculated by finite difference boundary-layer code and Navier-Stokes code, and the effect of phase-shifting sinusoidal mass transfer on the drag of a sinusoidal surface.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 143-145
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  • 60
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The result of a study on the application of an improved statistical prediction method for estimating the intermediate-term (months) and long-term (years) behavior of solar flux is discussed. The study indicates that better predictions, in a chi square sense, are possible by selecting sets of the solar flux data such that each set (cycle) starts and ends at the maxima (or minima) for the data base and initialization point of the procedure. Then one applies a Lagrangian least-squares statistical technique. Evidence is also presented to support the existence of an aperiodic variation in the periods as well as the amplitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11-16
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: This work relates to a series of collaborative investigations involving the application of a computational model for the determination of the detailed plasma and magnetic field properties associated with the global interaction of the solar wind with various planetary obstacles throughout the solar system. The theoretical method is based on an established single fluid, steady, dissipationless, magnetohydrodynamic continuum model, and is appropriate for the calculation of supersonic, super-Alfvenic solar wind flow past planetary obstacles. The investigations undertaken relate to studies of various solar wind interaction phenomena with Venus, Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Appl. of a Global Solar Wind/Planetary Obstacle Interaction Computational Model 11p (SEE N84-26509 16-88)
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  • 62
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The numerical aspects of simulation unsteady flows which arise in turbomachinery are addressed. In particular the simulation of rotating stall and surge is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics Unsteady Flow in Turbomachines, Vol. 2; 75 p
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  • 63
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A lifting surface theory was developed for a helicopter rotor in forward flight for compressible and incompressible flow. The method utilizes the concept of the linearized acceleration potential and makes use of the vortex lattice procedure. Calculations demonstrating the application of the method are given in terms of the lift distribution on a single rotor, a two-bladed rotor, and a rotor with swept-forward and swept-back tips. In addition, the lift on a rotor which is vibrating in a pitching mode at 4/rev is given. Compressibility effects and interference effects for a two-bladed rotor are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 64
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The results of observations of solar flares, obtained by means of the UV Spectrophotometer and Polarimeter (UVSP) instrument on board the Solar Maximum Mission satellite are summarized and discussed. The results are grouped into three main topics: (1) plasma diagnostics in the flare transition zone plasmas, (2) spatial and temporal evolutions of the UV and hard X-ray bursts, and (3) energy release processes in the impulsive phase. The methods of spectral UV analysis, comparison with the hard X-ray burst results, and the interpretation of the results are summarized. It is concluded that the energy release processes in the flare phase can be best interpreted in terms of multiple large and small interloops interacting with each other either mechanically or inductively. Furthermore, the majority of impulsive UV and hard X-ray bursts occurs in small compact loops with high densities and transition-zone temperatures. The impulsive hard X-ray and UV bursts are emitted by nonthermal particles, accelerated by the loop interactions and impinging on the footpoints of these loops.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 55; 4, 19; 663-672
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A brief review is given of non-flare investigations using data obtained by the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission. The major topics described are sunspot research including magnetic field measurements, oscillations, and models; mass motions in quiet and active regions including steady flows and acoustic waves; and prominence research including physical conditions, dynamics, and mass motions around prominences. Also discussed are studies of UV bursts, the formation of the Cl I line at 1351 A, ozone in the terrestrial atmosphere, and active regions using correlated observations from other instruments on the spacecraft or on the ground.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 55; 4, 19
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  • 66
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: New results obtained with the Clark Lake multifrequency radioheliograph at meter-decameter wavelengths and from satellite multifrequency directive observations at hectometer and kilometer wavelengths are reviewed. Evidence is presented that type III electrons propagate in dense coronal streamers and that frequently observed microbursts (presumably type III) at meter-decameter wavelengths are due to plasma radiation. Observations of hectometer and kilometer type III radio storms which reveal information about active region structures, the interplanetary magnetic field configuration, and solar wind acceleration are discussed. Kilometer type II bursts and interactions between type III electrons and interplanetary shocks are examined, and some new results on shock-associated events are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: An attempt is made to develop a self-consistent model which accounts for the line and continuum data generated by the three X-ray imaging instruments on the SMM satellite. The intensities measured covered the 4-500 kV energy range. The model is based on a differential emission measure and electron beam parameters and is used to predict absolute signals detected by the 15 channels of the SMM sensors. Consideration is given to the thermal contribution, instrumental characteristics, thin target excitation and thick target bremsstrahlung. In comparison with data from a flare event on June 29, 1980, model predictions provide a good fit, including the identification of hard electrons with a 5.3 index during the impulsive phase.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Solar Maximum Mission observations have been used to study the origin and amount of energy, mechanism of storage and release, and conditions for the occurrence of solar flares, and some results of these studies as they pertain to homologous flares are briefly discussed. It was found that every set of flares produced 'rafales' of homologous flares, i.e., two, three, four, or more flares separated in time by an hour or less. No great changes in macroscopic photospheric patterns were observed during these flaring periods. A quantitative brightness parameter of the relation between homologous flares is defined. Scale changes detected in the dynamic spectrum of flare sites are in good agreement with a theoretical suggestion by Sturrock. Statistical results for different homologous flare active regions show the existence in homologous flaring areas of a 'pivot' of previous filaments interpreted as a signature of an anomaly in the solar rotation.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 7, 19
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The observational difficulties of obtaining the magnetic field distribution in the chromosphere and corona of the sun has led to methods of extending photospheric magnetic mesurements into the solar atmosphere by mathematical procedures. A new approach to this problem presented here is that a constant alpha force-free field can be uniquely determined from the tangential components of the measured photospheric flux alone. The vector magnetographs now provide measurements of both the solar photospheric tangential and the longitudinal magnetic field. This paper presents derivations for the computation of the solar magnetic field from these type of measurements. The fields considered are assumed to be a constant alpha force-free fields or equivalent, producing vanishing Lorentz forces. Consequently, magnetic field lines and currents are related by a constant and hence show an identical distribution. The magnetic field above simple solar regions are described from the solution of the field equations.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 94; 219-234
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A numerical algorithm that is second-order accurate in time has been developed for the conjugated problem of a separated, compressible flow field and a conductive solid body. The full two-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are coupled with the time-dependent energy equation for the solid body and are solved simultaneously. using implicit algorithms. The energy equation for the solid body may include arbitrarily distributed heat sources. The algorithm has been exmined for the case of two-dimensional supersonic compression-corner interaction, with a heat source embedded in the wall in the vicinity of the separation bubble and the attached boundary layer. The effect of the heat source on the flow field is studied for steady and transient cases.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Numerical Heat Transfer (ISSN 0149-5720); 7; 395-411
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  • 71
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A power-law relationship between the average erosion rate and cumulative erosion is presented. Data analyses from Venturi, magnetostriction, and liquid-impingement devices conform to this unified relation. A normalization technique is also suggested for prediction purposes.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (ISSN 0020-7403); 26; 5, 19
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft has provided high time resolution observational data regarding the soft X-ray emission from solar-flare plasma during 1980. The present investigation is concerned with the characteristics of a soft X-ray flare and the energetics of the impulsive phase on the basis of the data collected with the aid of two of the instruments on board the SMM, taking into account the Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) and the Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS). Attention is given to an analysis of soft X-ray flare spectra, the relative motion of the soft X-ray sources, the phenomenology of the soft X-ray flare, energy and mass transport during the impulsive phase, and energy deposition in the chromosphere during evaporation.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; 917-925
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  • 73
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The coil planet centrifuge designed by Ito employs flow of a single liquid phase, through a rotating coiled tube in a centrifugal force field, to provide a separation of particles based on sedimentation rates. Mathematical solutions are derived for the linear differential equations governing particle behavior in the coil planet centrifuge device. These solutions are then applied as the basis of a model for optimizing particle separations.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Chromatography (ISSN 0021-9673); 295; 1-11
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: For the past 25 years, there has existed in the Thermosciences Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of Stanford University a research program, primarily experimental, concerned with heat transfer through turbulent boundary layers. In the early phases of the program, the topics considered were the simple zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer with constant and with varying surface temperature, and the accelerated boundary layer. Later equilibrium boundary layers were considered along with factors affecting the boundary layer, taking into account transpired flows, flows with axial pressure gradients, transpiration, acceleration, deceleration, roughness, full-coverage film cooling, surface curvature, free convection, and mixed convection. A description is provided of the apparatus and techniques used, giving attention to the smooth plate rig, the rough plate rig, the full-coverage film cooling rig, the curvature rig, the concave wall rig, the mixed convection tunnel, and aspects of data reduction and uncertainty analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The mass ejections of 1 September, 1980 are studied from observations obtained with the MSDP spectrograph and with the Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. The analysis is focused on observations in the chromospheric H-alpha line and the transition region C IV 1548 A line. It is noted that cold and hot material had the same projection, although the upward C IV velocity structure was more extended than the H-alpha one. It is shown that the observed contrast of the H-alpha absorbing structure can be interpreted in terms of a dynamic cloud model overlying the chromosphere. Radial velocities of 25-30 km/s and -40 km/s are estimated for the first and second phases of ejection, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 94; 133-150
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The current investigation has the objective to provide data which will make it possible to obtain a better estimate regarding the roughness drag for surface waviness. The data employed for this investigation were acquired in connection with a wavy wall study which was conducted as part of an overall program to reduce the skin friction of turbulent boundary layers in external flows. The results of the present investigation show that the low-speed roughness drag of small-amplitude sinusoidal wave trains having wavelengths of the order of the boundary-layer thickness is not only a function of h/lambda (h = total wave height, lambda = wavelength), but, in addition, is also a function of the roughness Reynolds number.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 978
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 21; 528-533
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1810-181
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1748-175
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  • 80
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Based on the principal component analysis technique and evidence for a 22-yr double-sunspot cycle periodicity. The time series of sunspot numbers is represented as a sum of mutually orthogonal eigenvectors in the time domain. It is shown that the first two eigenvectors account for about 90 percent of the cumulative 'signal power,' and that this is sufficient for reconstruction of the raw data curve. It is also noted that the second eigenvector behaves as the time derivative of the first, and that a phase-plane plot of these eigenvectors (i.e. a plot of a variable vs. its rate of change) suggests that the sun's sunspot cycle is driven by an oscillator; the implication is that, embedded within the sun, a chronometer is at work (e.g. Dicke, 1979).
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 139; 2, Oc
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  • 81
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Analytical and observational data are presented to show that the lower transition zone, a 100 km thick region at 10,000-200,000 K between the solar chromosphere and corona, is heated by local electric currents. The study was spurred by correlations between the enhanced atmospheric heating and magnetospheric flux in the chromospheric network and active regions. Field aligned current heated flux loops are asserted to mainly reside in and make up most of the transition region. It is shown that thermal conduction from the sides of hot gas columns generated by the current dissipation is the source of the observed temperature distribution in the transition regions.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 285; 359-367
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Selected plasma parameters observed by Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 between launch (1972 and 1973) and the end of 1979 are used to find the large-scale radial structure of the solar wind. Comparison of data from the two spacecraft is used to separate temporal from spatial variations. The average bulk speed is found to remain constant at about 430 km/s, with stream structure still evident, though of diminished amplitude, at 20.5 AU (Pioneer 10's distance by the end of 1979). Proton density, flux, pressure, and kinetic energy flux are found to have radial profiles consistent with 1/R-squared. Proton temperatures decrease as R to the -0.6 power, too slowly for an adiabatic expansion.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 285; 339-346
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of oscillations in filaments, which are cold magnetic structures suspended in the corona, are used to test theories of coronal heating by acoustic waves high in the atmosphere. Long lived stationary motions observed in filaments suggest exchanges of material between them and the surrounding corona. A coupling between upflows in filaments and subphotospheric convective motions, dragging the field lines of the prominence magnetic support, is possible.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 55; 1-2,
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Using the 'dynamo theory' method to predict solar activity, a value for the smoothed sunspot number of 109 + or - 20 is obtained for solar cycle 22. The predicted cycle is expected to peak near December, 1990 + or - 1 year. Concommitantly, F(10.7) radio flux is expected to reach a smoothed value of 158 + or - 18 flux units. Global mean exospheric temperature is expected to reach 1060 + or - 50 K and global total average total thermospheric density at 400 km is expected to reach 4.3 x 10 to the -15th gm/cu cm + or - 25 percent.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 873-876
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  • 85
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1358-136
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Considering the solar atmosphere in its entirety, that large-scale nonadiabatic processes (MHD waves, and so on) effectively tend to yield an 'equalization of temperature', such that the atmospheric temperature is limited to the base temperature associated with its heat source. This conjecture suggests that (1) the chromospheric temperature is limited by the granulation base temperature (10,000 K), (2) the spicule temperatures are limited by the base temperature (100,000 K) where the supergranular cells form, and (3) the quiet coronal temperature is less than or equal to the convection zone base temperature (2,000,000 K). Thermodynamical arguments are provided which may serve to augment the detailed heating models wherein large-scale mechanical energy is transported into the solar atmosphere involving MHD waves, current dissipation, and other nonthermal processes.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 283; 853-858
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  • 87
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The two-dimensional, linear hydrodynamics of quiet solar and umbral model atmospheres in a plane-parallel, adiabatic approximation are investigated. The 5.5-8.5 mHz oscillations observed in umbral chromospheres and transition regions are interpreted as acoustic waves propagating parallel, or nearly parallel, to the temperature gradient. These waves are not totally internally reflected by the steep temperature gradient and, thus, are not trapped. Partial reflections, however, are effective in modulating the transmission as a function of frequency. The resonant transmission mechanism of Zugzda, Locans, and Staude (1983) is found to produce a spectrum of resonances in the transmission of acoustic waves in any atmosphere with a temperature minimum. Since the observed umbral oscillations display power in only a narrow range of frequencies, characteristics of the umbral models, wave propagation, and observations that would tend to suppress the higher frequency resonances are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 283; 859-869
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The possibility of the existence in soft X-ray flare plasmas of conditions that result in a steady state departure of ion abundances from ionization equilibrium values is considered. The observed flare plasma is assumed to be a result of many small 'elementary bursts' that occur on time scales comparable to the ionization and recombination times of highly ionized atoms of iron and calcium. Specific models are adopted, the time-dependent equations for ion abundances are solved numerically, and X-ray line intensities and line ratios are computed and averaged over the effective time of a single burst. The computed results are compared to observed variations for a number of different line ratios. Although the behavior of certain line ratios can be explained in the context of the burst models considered in this paper, the behavior of the set of all the available line ratios cannot be explained in this manner. The observed departures of line ratios from equilibrium values that can be explained in terms of a burst scenario can also be accounted for by uncertainties in the atomic physics.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 283; 404-412
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  • 89
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A cylindrical axisymmetric tearing mode model for solar flares is investigated numerically. Large magnetic energy release only occurs when there are at least two mode rational surfaces in the current-carrying plasma.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Physics of Fluids (ISSN 0031-9171); 27; 2063-206
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The wake of a helicopter rotor can have a significant effect on a fuselage. Results from a recent wind-tunnel investigation show that certain fuselage characteristics, normalized by rotor thrust, scale proportionally to a rotor-wake-induced velocity parameter. Effects on the body of changes in velocity, thrust, tip-path-plane angle of attack, and rotor/body position are discussed. These results show that the rotor can have a favorable or unfavorable influence on the body, depending upon the operating condition.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Galerkin finite-element approximations are combined with computer-implemented perturbation methods for tracking families of solutions to calculate the steady axisymmetric flows in a differentially rotated cylindrical drop as a function of Reynolds number Re, drop aspect ratio and the rotation ratio between the two end disks. The flows for Reynolds numbers below 100 are primarily viscous and reasonably described by an asymptotic analysis. When the disks are exactly counter-rotated, multiple steady flows are calculated that bifurcate to higher values of Re from the expected solution with two identical secondary cells stacked symmetrically about the axial midplane. The new flows have two cells of different size and are stable beyond the critical value Re sub c. The slope of the locus of Re sub c for drops with aspect ratio up to 3 disagrees with the result for two disks of infinite radius computed assuming the similarity form of the velocity field. Changing the rotation ratio for exact counter-rotation ruptures the junction of the multiple flow fields into two separated flow families.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 144; 403-418
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  • 92
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A new system of approximation equations is derived for three-dimensional steady viscous compressible flows in which a primary-flow direction is present, but in which both transverse velocity components can be large. Previous approaches which address simplification of the steady Navier-Stokes equations are discussed, and a new approach is proposed. The transverse velocity vector which corrects a given potential flow has been decomposed into potential and rotational components. It is found that the potential-velocity vector may be assumed small, whereas the rotational-velocity vector may be assumed small, whereas the rotational velocity vector and hence the composite secondary flow can be of order unity. This assumption leads to a system of governing equations whose characteristic polynomial has a non-elliptic form for arbitrary Mach numbers. The resulting non-elliptic approximation equations can be solved as an initial/boundary-value problem. Computed results confirm the small scalar-potential approximation.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 144; 47-77
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  • 93
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 545-559
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 576-582
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  • 95
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Prograde and retrograde sectoral oscillations of the sun have been observed so as to determine frequency differences produced by rotation. Oscillations in the frequency range 2.1-3.7 mHz and with spherical harmonic degrees from 1 to 100 have been identified. Average frequency shifts due to rotation in a sidereal reference frame are found to range from a high of about 660 nHz at degree 1 to a low of about 423 nHz at degree 6, rising to about 471 nHz at degree 100. These results indicate that most of the sun's volume rotates at a rate close to that of the surface, but also that the energy-generating core may rotate more rapidly than the surface.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 310; 19-22
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The frequency difference between prograde and retrograde sectoral solar oscillations is analyzed to determine the rotation rate of the solar interior, assuming no latitudinal dependence. Much of the solar interior rotates slightly less rapidly than the surface, while the innermost part apparently rotates more rapidly. The resulting solar gravitational quadrupole moment is J2 = (1.7 + or - 0.4) x 10 to the -7th and provides a negligible contribution to current planetary tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 310; 22-25
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 585, Accession no. A83-16678
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1027-103
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A statistical analysis of intensities and radial velocities of several solar plage filaments (i.e. prominences seen on the solar disk) observed at disk center is presented. Intensity and radial (= vertical) velocity maps were derived from simultaneous 2D measurements of the H-alpha chromospheric line with the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass spectrograph operating on the Meudon solar tower, and also obtained from 2D recordings of the C IV transition-zone line (1548 A) with the UV Spectrometer and Polarimeter aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. A good correlation (around 0.5) is found between intensities in both lines, as well as between velocities. Persistent upflows are measured in both lines at the filament location. The mean vertical velocities are respectively 0.5 km/s in H-alpha and 5.6 km/s in C IV. The analysis of mass fluxes suggests that C IV upflows occur in the transition region around prominences rather than below, in the chromosphere-corona transition zone.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 136; 1, Ju
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  • 99
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) of the Solar Maximum Mission satellite measures the radiant power emitted by the sun in the direction of the earth and has worked flawlessly since 1980. The main motivation for ACRIM's use to measure the solar constant is the determination of the extent to which this quantity's variations affect earth weather and climate. Data from the solar minimum of 1986-1987 is eagerly anticipated, with a view to the possible presence of a solar cycle variation in addition to that caused directly by sunspots.
    Schlagwort(e): SOLAR PHYSICS
    Materialart: Sky and Telescope (ISSN 0037-6604); 67; 501-503
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An experimental investigtion was conducted to ascertain the mean flowfield, including shock wave structure, separated flow regions, turbulent boundary-layer growth, static pressure variations, wall heat transfer, and shear stresses in a second-throat, axisymmetric, supersonic diffuser with wall cooling. The diffuser inlet Mach number of the heated air flow was 3.76, the stagnation pressure was 6.8 atm, the ratio of wall to total gas temperature was 0.44, and the diffuser discharged to the atmosphere. The complex flowfield involved deceleration and acceleration regions, supersonic and embedded subsonic regions, and strong viscous regions with relatively large radial and axial variations. The heat transfer and wall static pressure distributions were remarkably similar, and heat transfer rates were high locally at oblique shock/turbulent boundary-layer interactions, in the pseudoshock region, and in the separation region in the diffuser outlet section.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 777-780
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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