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  • Humans  (343)
  • Female  (101)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (25)
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (403)
  • 1980-1984  (403)
  • 1983  (403)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (403)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3,022)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (403)
Year
  • 101
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    Cholesterol--heart disease link illuminated. New findings explain how blood cholesterol levels are controlled and how to lower them substantially in persons at high risk of heart disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy/*etiology ; Humans ; Lovastatin ; Naphthalenes/therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, LDL
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 102
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    A silent, neutral substitution detected by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: hemoglobin Beirut (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: A substitution of alanine for valine at position 126 in the beta-chain of hemoglobin was discovered in a hematologically normal adult male of Lebanese extraction. The variant beta-globin was initially observed and subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reverse-phase HPLC was also used to isolate the variant tryptic peptide of beta-T13 that has alanine replacing valine at residue 126. The discovery of hemoglobin Beirut illustrates the usefulness of reverse-phase HPLC for the detection of neutral amino acid substitutions in proteins. The ability to detect neutral substitutions in undigested proteins is pertinent to the monitoring of genetic variation in human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strahler, J R -- Rosenbloom, B B -- Hanash, S M -- R01-HL25541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):860-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 103
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    Panel upholds dismissal of Mosher (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):348.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; *Behavioral Research ; China ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; *Organizational Policy ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Social Sciences ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Mosher loses another appeal (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):147.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; *Behavioral Research ; Humans ; Organizational Policy ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Social Sciences ; Students ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Organs for sale (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 7;222(4619):34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Fees and Charges ; *Government ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; *Social Control, Formal ; *Tissue Donors ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Congress and the Administration to propose a clearinghouse to coordinate donation ; of organs. The Administration is backing a private group for the task, while ; congressional proposals would establish a national clearinghouse, limit ; transplants to hospitals meeting federal criteria, and ban the sale of organs.
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    The mysterious expulsion of Steven Mosher (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; *Anthropology ; *Behavioral Research ; China ; Confidentiality ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Motivation ; Privacy ; Punishment ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; Research Subjects ; Researcher-Subject Relations ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
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    Genetically obese mice: resistance to metastasis of B16 melanoma and enhanced T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The metastasis of B16 melanoma cells differed significantly in obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?) female mice of strain C57BL/6J. When the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with melanoma cells at 10 to 11 months of age, the primary tumor grew more slowly in obese than in lean littermates and the frequency of lung metastasis was greatly reduced. When the mice were injected with the cells at 4 to 7 months, the primary tumor grew at the same rate in obese and lean mice, but the obese mice again showed a significantly reduced frequency of lung metastasis. That this effect was related to an enhanced immunocompetence in obese mice was supported by the finding that splenic lymphocytes of ob/ob mice showed three times the proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A compared with the proliferative response of lean control mice. The ob/ob mouse may provide a model for the study of enhanced immunocompetence in obese individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C I -- Kreider, J W -- Black, P L -- Schmidt, T J -- Margules, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Immunity, Innate ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology ; Male ; Melanoma/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Obese ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 109
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    Red/Green color opponency at detection threshold (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: By means of visual stimnulus without temporal or spatial edges, we have achieved better isolation of chromatic signals at detection threshold than has been reported previously. Under various states of adaptation, the spectral sensitivity of the chromatic mechanism detecting middle- and long-wavelength lights corresponds with that deduced from suprathreshold red/green hue equilibriums.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, J E -- Pugh, E N Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):191-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Spectrum Analysis ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 110
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    Human endothelial cells: use of heparin in cloning and long-term serial cultivation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: Endothelial cells from human blood vessels were cultured in vitro, with doubling times of 17 to 21 hours for 42 to 79 population doublings. Cloned human endothelial cell strains were established for the first time and had similar proliferative capacities. This vigorous cell growth was achieved by addition of heparin to culture medium containing reduced concentrations of endothelial cell growth factor. The routine cloning and long-term culture of human endothelial cells will facilitate studying the human endothelium in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, S C -- Mueller, S N -- Levine, E M -- AG-00839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/enzymology ; Endothelium/*cytology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Heparin/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 111
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    Multiple sclerosis: distribution of T cell subsets within active chronic lesions (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-21
    Description: The distribution of T cells and T cell subsets was examined within the human central nervous system in active lesions from seven patients with chronic multiple sclerosis. The monoclonal antibodies anti-T11, anti-T4, and anti-T8 were used to detect total (whole) T cells, helper T cells, and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, respectively, and a monoclonal antibody against human Ia was used for macrophages and B cells. Lesion progression was associated with large numbers of T4+ cells at the lesion margin and these extended great distances into the adjacent normal-appearing white matter. T8+ cells were most commonly concentrated around the lesion margin and displayed a preferential perivascular distribution. Within the lesion center, only a few T cells were found. Ia+ macrophages were most numerous within the centers of active lesions and were always present in the adjacent normal white matter. The monoclonal antibodies to T cells did not cross-react with glial cells including oligodendrocytes. These results indicate that T4+ cells are actively involved in lesion extension and Ia+ cells, in demyelination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traugott, U -- Reinherz, E L -- Raine, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 21;219(4582):308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6217550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autopsy ; Brain/cytology/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/classification/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Bone cell differentiation and growth factors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors are biochemical tools for research on induced cell differentiation and local mechanisms controlling cell proliferation. Bone morphogenetic protein irreversibly induces differentiation of perivascular mesenchymal-type cells into osteoprogenitor cells. Bone-derived growth factors are secreted by and for osteoprogenitor cells and stimulate DNA synthesis. Bone generation and regeneration are attributable to the co-efficiency of bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urist, M R -- DeLange, R J -- Finerman, G A -- DEO2103-17/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):680-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/drug effects/physiology ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Dogs ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Mice ; *Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma/physiopathology ; Proteins/pharmacology/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
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    Anti-T-cell reagents for human bone marrow transplantation: ricin linked to three monoclonal antibodies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-04
    Description: Three new reagents that react against human T cells were synthesized by covalently linking the toxin ricin to monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens on the surface of T lymphocytes. Each of these immunotoxins selectively inhibited T-cell proliferation when the cells were incubated in the presence of lactose. Multipotent human stem cells were inhibited only at much higher concentrations. Mixtures of all three immunotoxins were more effective than any one alone. These reagents have the potential for preventing graft-versus-host disease in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vallera, D A -- Ash, R C -- Zanjani, E D -- Kersey, J H -- LeBien, T W -- Beverley, P C -- Neville, D M Jr -- Youle, R J -- CA-25097/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-31618/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-31685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 4;222(4623):512-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Ricin/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 114
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    Bloom's syndrome: evidence for an increased mutation frequency in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: The incidence of lymphocytes resistant to the purine analog 6-thioguanine was studied in seven patients with Bloom's syndrome. The mean frequency was 17.3 X 10(-4). The mean incidence in age- and sex-matched controls was 2.1 X 10(-4), so approximately eight times the normal number of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes were detected in Bloom's syndrome blood. The basis for this increase is unknown, but the inherent genomic instability demonstrated in the form of chromosomal aberrations is one possible explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vijayalaxmi -- Evans, H J -- Ray, J H -- German, J -- HD 0413/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bloom Syndrome/*genetics ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Mutation ; Thioguanine/pharmacology
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  • 115
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    School says researcher synthesized results (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Fraud ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Universities
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  • 116
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    Health rights issue emerges in El Salvador (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1047-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Medical ; El Salvador ; Financial Support ; Health Personnel ; *Human Rights ; Humans ; Organizational Policy ; Physicians ; Politics ; *Professional Misconduct ; Public Policy ; *Societies ; United States ; Violence ; Salvador in January as observers for the American Association for the Advancement ; of Science, the National Academy of Sciences, the New York Academy of Sciences, ; and the International League for Human Rights. Their findings paralleled those of ; an earlier delegation--"a virtually complete breakdown of the health system" and ; continuing violence against health professionals. A number of scientific ; organizations in the U.S. are reported to be exploring ways to channel private ; aid from health professionals and to protect the rights of patients and health ; personnel without antagonizing the government of El Salvador.
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  • 117
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    Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Subjects treated with low or high doses of ethanol demonstrated impaired memory, particularly in tests involving the recall of poorly learned information. Zimelidine, an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, reversed this ethanol-induced impairment. The serotonin neurotransmitter system may mediate learning and memory in humans and may determine some of the effects of alcohol on higher mental functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Rudorfer, M V -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):472-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6223371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brompheniramine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Memory Disorders/*chemically induced ; Mental Recall/drug effects ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology ; Zimeldine
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  • 118
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    Health effects of power lines (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wertheimer, N -- Leeper, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):712, 714.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Magnetics
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    Cost-effective priorities for cancer prevention (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Faced with limited resources, the United States must set priorities for research to identify preventable causes of cancer. A quantitative approach to priority setting, based on principles of decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis, can offer guidance in this process. An illustrative application of such a model suggests that the National Institutes of Health-supported clinical trial of dietary beta-carotene offers a greater expected reduction in cancer mortality per research dollar than carcinogen bioassays of high-volume industrial chemicals such as p-dichlorobenzene. National research priorities should reflect the relative cost-effectiveness of such investments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):17-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Carcinogens ; Carotenoids/adverse effects ; Chlorobenzenes/adverse effects ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/economics/mortality/*prevention & control ; Policy Making ; United States ; beta Carotene
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    DNA methylation decreases in aging but not in immortal cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: When normal diploid fibroblasts from mice, hamsters, and humans were grown in culture, the 5-methylcytosine content of their DNA's markedly decreased. The greatest rate of loss of 5-methylcytosine residues was observed in mouse cells, which survived the least number of division. Immortal mouse cell lines had more stable rates of methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, V L -- Jones, P A -- 1-T32-CA09320/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM30892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1055-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism/*physiology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; Methylation ; Mice ; Time Factors
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    High-frequency transfection and cytopathology of the hepatitis B virus core antigen gene in human cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: A protoplast fusion method was developed to stably transfect human cells with pSV2-derived plasmids at frequencies greater than 10(-3). This procedure made it possible to test the biological effect of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene independent of the viral structures required for infection. A pSV2gpt+ plasmid constructed to carry a subgenomic fragment of HBV that contained the core antigen gene (HBc gene) was transfected into human cells. A human epithelial cell line was stably transfected with the HBc+ gene by selecting recipient cells for expression of guanine phosphoribosyl transferase expression. With this gpt+/HBc+ cell line it was shown that growth in serum-free medium or treatment with 5'-azacytidine stimulates the production of the HBV core antigen. A hepatocellular carcinoma carrying the entire HBV genome was stimulated to produce the HBc gene product in response to the same factors that stimulated HBcAg production in the gpt+/HBc+ cell line constructed by transfection. The temporal relation between the cytopathologic response and HBc gene expression was similar for both cell types, indicating a primary role for HBc gene expression in the cytopathology of HBV-infected human liver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoakum, G H -- Korba, B E -- Lechner, J F -- Tokiwa, T -- Gazdar, A F -- Seeley, T -- Siegel, M -- Leeman, L -- Autrup, H -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):385-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6194563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azacitidine/pharmacology ; Cell Fusion ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Transfection
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    A serological test for leprosy with a glycolipid specific for Mycobacterium leprae (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: A phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae was purified and used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies directed against the lipid were seen in serums from leprosy patients but not in serums from uninfected controls or patients infected with other mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antibody response distinguished between the Mycobacterium leprae lipid and the structurally related phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium kansasii. This assay has considerable potential as a specific serodiagnostic test for leprosy infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, D B -- Buchanan, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6348948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glycolipids/*immunology ; Humans ; Leprosy/*diagnosis ; Mycobacterium leprae/*immunology ; Serologic Tests
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    The chromosomal basis of human neoplasia (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: High-resolution banding techniques for the study of human chromosomes have revealed that the malignant cells of most tumors analyzed have characteristic chromosomal defects. Translocations of the same chromosome segments with precise breakpoints occur in many leukemias and lymphomas, and a specific chromosome band is deleted in several carcinomas. Trisomy, or the occurrence of a particular chromosome in triplicate, is the only abnormality observed in a few neoplasias. It is proposed that chromosomal rearrangements play a central role in human neoplasia and may exert their effects through related genomic mechanisms. Thus, a translocation could serve to place an oncogene next to an activating DNA sequence, a deletion to eliminate an oncogene repressor, and trisomy to carry extra gene dosage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yunis, J J -- CA31024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA33314/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):227-36.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6336310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations/genetics ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosome Fragility ; Chromosomes, Human/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia/genetics ; Lymphoma/genetics ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oncogenes ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Anisotropies in the perception of three-dimensional surfaces (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-30
    Description: The appearance of certain three-dimensional surfaces was found to depend on the orientation of the depth contours forming the surface. This was true both when the depth was specified by motion parallax and when it was specified by binocular disparities. Slowly changing depth surfaces that generated a pattern of relative motions or disparities characterized by a one-dimensional expansion-compression were perceived differently from those that produced a shear transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, B J -- Graham, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 30;221(4618):1409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Depth Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Optical Illusions/*physiology ; Retina/physiology
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    Understanding cancer (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1170, 1172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; *Oncogenes
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    AMA's technology assessment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sammons, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1375-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *American Medical Association ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Science/*standards ; United States
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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    Stable nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen reflect marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: The delta 15N values of bone collagen from Eskimos and from Northwest Coast Indians dependent on salmon fishing are about 10 per mil more positive than those from agriculturalists in historic times. Among prehistoric humans, two groups dependent on marine food sources show bone collagen delta 15N values that are 4 to 6 per mil more positive than those from two agricultural groups. The nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen from prehistoric inhabitants of the Bahamas are anomalously low for reasons that relate to the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in coral reefs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoeninger, M J -- DeNiro, M J -- Tauber, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1381-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone and Bones/*analysis ; Collagen/*analysis ; *Diet ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, North American/history ; Indians, South American/history ; Inuits/history ; *Nitrogen Isotopes
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    Urinary phenyl acetate: a diagnostic test for depression? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The compound 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions. 2-Phenylethylamine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate (PAA). The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAA was measured in normal healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3. In 70 percent of healthy volunteers of both sexes, the excretion of PAA ranged between 70 and 175 milligrams per 24 hours (mean = 141.1 +/- 10.2). Inpatients with major depressive disorder (unipolar type) (N = 31) excreted less PAA (68.7 +/- 7.0 milligrams per 24 hours) and 55 percent of them excreted less than 70 milligrams per 24 hours; there were no significant differences in the PAA excretion between untreated patients (N = 13) and those treated with antidepressants that were not effective (N = 18). The PAA excretion was reduced to a lesser extent in 35 less severely depressed unipolar outpatients (drug-free for 1 week) (86.3 +/- 11.8 milligrams per 24 hours). These results suggest that low PAA urinary excretion may be a reliable state marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabelli, H C -- Fawcett, J -- Gusovsky, F -- Javaid, J -- Edwards, J -- Jeffriess, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1187-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenethylamines/metabolism/physiology ; Phenylacetates/*urine
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    Structure of a mouse submaxillary messenger RNA encoding epidermal growth factor and seven related proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: The structure of the messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the precursor to mouse submaxillary epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined from the sequence of a set of overlapping complementary DNA's (cDNA). The mRNA is unexpectedly large, about 4750 nucleotide bases, and predicts the sequence of preproEGF, a protein of 1217 amino acids (133,000 molecular weight). The EGF moiety (53 amino acids) is flanked by polypeptide segments of 976 and 188 amino acids at its amino and carboyxl termini, respectively. The amino terminal segment of the precursor contains seven peptides with sequences that are similar but not identical to EGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, J -- Urdea, M -- Quiroga, M -- Sanchez-Pescador, R -- Fong, N -- Selby, M -- Rutter, W J -- Bell, G I -- 21344/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):236-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Epidermal Growth Factor/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Submandibular Gland/metabolism
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    Coronary artery spasm induced in atherosclerotic miniature swine (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Angiographically demonstrable coronary artery spasm could be provoked repeatedly by giving intracoronary or intravenous injections of histamine to miniature swine with experimentally induced atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary artery. The spasm induced in this way subsided either spontaneously or after the administration of nitroglycerin and was prevented by a calcium antagonist or an agent that blocks histamine H1 receptors. This model, which suggests that atherosclerotic changes may be one of the primary factors in the occurrence of coronary artery spasm, should facilitate studies on the pathogenesis of this condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimokawa, H -- Tomoike, H -- Nabeyama, S -- Yamamoto, H -- Araki, H -- Nakamura, M -- Ishii, Y -- Tanaka, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/complications/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cimetidine/pharmacology ; Coronary Vasospasm/*chemically induced ; Coronary Vessels/drug effects/pathology ; Dogs ; Ergonovine/pharmacology ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature
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    Cancer Research (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shubik, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1226, 1228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology ; Research
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    Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D: human monoclonal antibody produced by bone marrow cell line (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Normal bone marrow cells from a donor positive for herpes simplex virus were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus. The resulting lymphoblastoid cell line has secreted immunoglobulin G1 of the kappa type continuously for 2 years. This immunoglobulin, detected both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, reacts with cells infected with herpes simplex virus. It defines an antigen that comigrates with the 55-kilodalton glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 1 and neutralizes the infectivity of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seigneurin, J M -- Desgranges, C -- Seigneurin, D -- Paire, J -- Renversez, J C -- Jacquemont, B -- Micouin, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bone Marrow/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Simplexvirus/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Proteins/*immunology
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    Facial and cardiac anomalies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siebert, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple/*embryology ; Face/abnormalities ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology ; Humans ; Neural Crest/*physiology
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    Potassium iodide: policy in New York (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, N -- Shils, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):318, 320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects ; New York City ; Nuclear Reactors ; Potassium Iodide/*therapeutic use
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    Atypical pulmonary thrombosis caused by a toxic cyanobacterial peptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: Parenteral injection into mice of a toxic pentapeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa induced thrombocytopenia, pulmonary thrombi, and hepatic congestion. The lethality of the toxin was unaffected by several anticoagulants. The acute liver damage that follows injection of the toxin has been attributed to direct action on liver cells but may be due to hypoxemia, heart failure, and shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slatkin, D N -- Stoner, R D -- Adams, W H -- Kycia, J H -- Siegelman, H W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1383-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Toxins ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Cyanobacteria/*metabolism ; Female ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Marine Toxins/*adverse effects ; Mice ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Platelet Count ; Pulmonary Embolism/*chemically induced/microbiology/pathology ; Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced
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    Nuclear magnetic resonance blood flow measurements in the human brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Timed sequences of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging signals in the human head were used to quantitatively measure blood flow in the internal jugular veins. The procedure can be straightforwardly applied to any vein or artery in the body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, J R -- Crooks, L E -- CA23850/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HV02928/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):654-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/blood supply ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Jugular Veins/radionuclide imaging ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Radionuclide Angiography
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  • 138
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    Calicivirus isolation and persistence in a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: What may be the first calicivirus isolate from any primate species, including man, was recovered from a herpesvirus-like lip lesion on a pygmy chimpanzee and then, 6 months later, from the throat of the same animal. The infected individual and its cage mates had circulating antibodies that were type-specific for this calicivirus. The agent was antigenically different from 30 other calicivirus serotypes and is tentatively designated primate calicivirus Pan paniscus type 1 (PCV-Pan 1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A W -- Skilling, D E -- Ensley, P K -- Benirschke, K -- Lester, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Caliciviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Cats ; Cattle ; Hominidae/*microbiology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Picornaviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Swine
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  • 139
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    Tolerance develops to the disruptive effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on primate menstrual cycle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Long-term exposure of sexually mature female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulata) to thrice weekly injections of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol resulted in a disruption of menstrual cycles that lasted for several months. This period was marked by an absence of ovulation and decreased basal concentrations of gonadotropin and sex steroids in the plasma. After this period, normal cycles and hormone concentrations were reestablished. These studies demonstrate that in rhesus monkeys subjected to long-term treatment with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol tolerance develops to the disruptive effects of the drug on the menstrual cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, C G -- Almirez, R G -- Berenberg, J -- Asch, R H -- R01-2063/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1453-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6298938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anovulation/physiopathology ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Drug Tolerance ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Menstruation/*drug effects ; Prolactin/blood
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  • 140
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    Study of Atomic Veterans fuels controversy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):733-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/*etiology ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*etiology ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Veterans
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  • 141
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    Indoor air pollution: a public health perspective (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor measurements. Among the more important indoor contaminants associated with health or irritation effects are passive tobacco smoke, radon decay products, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, microorganisms, and aeroallergens. Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of exposures. An overall strategy should be developed to investigate indoor exposures, health effects, control options, and public policy alternatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spengler, J D -- Sexton, K -- ES-01108/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Air Pollution, Radioactive/adverse effects ; Asbestos/adverse effects ; Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects ; Child ; Construction Materials/adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/adverse effects ; Fuel Oils/adverse effects ; Household Articles ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Radon/adverse effects ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Ventilation
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  • 142
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    Detection of intermodal numerical correspondences by human infants (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: Infants prefer to look at an array of objects that corresponds in number to a sequence of sounds. In doing so, infants disregard the modality (visual or auditory) and type (object or event) of items presented. This finding indicates that infants possess a mechanism that enables them to obtain information about number.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starkey, P -- Spelke, E S -- Gelman, R -- HD 13248/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH 07949/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; *Infant ; Perception/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 143
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    Genes of the major histocompatibility complex in mouse and man (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: The genes of the major histocompatibility complex code for cell-surface molecules that play an important role in the generation of the immune response. These genes and molecules have been studied intensively over the last five decades by geneticists, biochemists, and immunologists, but only recently has the isolation of the genes by molecular biologists facilitated their precise characterization. Many surprising findings have been made concerning their structure, multiplicity, organization, function, and evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinmetz, M -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):727-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Conformation
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  • 144
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    Serological visualization of interleukin 2 (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Interleukin 2, a lymphokine that acts as a second signal of cellular immune response by way of its action as a T-cell growth factor, was morphologically identified by immunoperoxidase staining. With the use of a monoclonal antibody to interleukin 2 and several complex-forming antisera, the lymphokine was readily distinguished in cytocentrifuge preparations of peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with a T-cell mitogen. When preparations of cloned interleukin 2 producer and responder cells were stained by the same procedures, discrete patterns of both responder and producer cell phenotypes were revealed. Interleukin 2 producer T cells exhibited a characteristic intense, ringlike cytoplasmic staining, whereas the responder cells (as exemplified by interleukin 2-dependent cell lines) exhibited a less intensive, spotlike membrane staining. In addition, intense membrane localization of interleukin 2, reminiscent of potential capping phenomena, could be observed in stained preparations of cloned responder cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinmann, G -- Conlon, P -- Hefeneider, S -- Gillis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Interleukin-2/*physiology ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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    Human macrophages armed with murine immunoglobulin G2a antibodies to tumors destroy human cancer cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Macrophages isolated from tumor-bearing patients as well as cultured human monocytes express Fc receptors that cross-react strongly with murine immunoglobulins of the G2a but only slightly or not at all with the G1, G2b, or G3 subclasses. Such macrophages in the presence of murine immunoglobulin G2a monoclonal antibodies to tumors mediated the killing of tumor cells in vitro. These data suggest that monoclonal antibodies of the G2a subclass may be useful in the immunotherapy of human cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steplewski, Z -- Lubeck, M D -- Koprowski, H -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-25874/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):865-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunotherapy ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Monocytes/immunology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/therapy ; Receptors, Fc/*immunology ; Species Specificity
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  • 146
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    Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and chromosomal damage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors. Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staiano-Coico, L -- Darzynkiewicz, Z -- Hefton, J M -- Dutkowski, R -- Darlington, G J -- Weksler, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Cycle/*radiation effects ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; DNA Repair/radiation effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/adverse effects ; Tritium
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  • 147
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    Two-component hearing sensations produced by two-electrode stimulation in the cochlea of a deaf patient (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: Dissimilarities in perception elicited by stimulation with two electrodes were estimated. A two-dimensional spatial configuration was found to be suitable to represent the dissimilarity data, and the two dimensions could be interpreted as corresponding to the position of the apical and basal electrode of the two-electrode combination. A speech-processing strategy that converts acoustic, first and second formants to two-electrode stimulation is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Y C -- Dowell, R C -- Blamey, P J -- Clark, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cochlea/physiology ; Deafness/*therapy ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Speech Perception
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  • 148
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 149
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    Carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine): efficacy against genital herpes in guinea pigs (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-30
    Description: Carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine), a novel nucleoside analog with such desired features as hydrolytic and enzymatic stability, adenosine deaminase resistance, and low systemic toxicity, inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. The 5'-methoxyacetate prodrug form exhibited significant efficacy in the topical treatment of genital infections by herpes simplex virus type 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, R -- Daluge, S -- Lee, H -- Shannon, W M -- Arnett, G -- Schafer, T W -- Nagabhushan, T L -- Reichert, P -- Tsai, H -- CA 23263/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 30;221(4618):1405-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Herpes Genitalis/*drug therapy ; Male ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vidarabine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
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    Cat scratch disease: a bacterial infection (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-30
    Description: Histopathologic examination of lymph nodes from 39 patients with clinical and pathological criteria for cat scratch disease revealed delicate pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli in 34 of the 39 nodes. They were within the walls of capillaries in or near areas of follicular hyperplasia and within microabscesses. They were best seen with the Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain. Organisms in lymph node sections exposed to convalescent serum from three patients and to immunoperoxidase stained equally well with all three samples. The organisms did not react with hyperimmune sera to Legionella pneumophila nor to several species of Rickettsia. These bacilli appear to be the causative agents of cat scratch disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wear, D J -- Margileth, A M -- Hadfield, T L -- Fischer, G W -- Schlagel, C J -- King, F M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 30;221(4618):1403-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cat-Scratch Disease/*microbiology/pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*microbiology/pathology
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    Interaction of human hemoglobin and its variants with agar (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: In citrate agar electrophoresis hemoglobin appears to bind reversibly to the sulfated polysaccharide agaropectin, a natural component of Difco Bacto-Agar. This complex migrates anodally, since the hemoglobin is only weakly positively charged at pH 6.2 whereas the carbohydrate carries a net negative charge. Electroendosmosis, on the other hand, proceeds in the cathodal direction. These opposing fluxes separate the hemoglobins in the order of their affinity for agaropectin. An agaropectin binding site was identified on hemoglobin by computer-assisted modeling, and the relation of the site to hemoglobin variants that exhibit abnormal citrate agar mobility was established. The citrate anion is postulated to function as a "counter ion." Preliminary evidence indicates that agaropectin has antigelling properties with respect to hemoglobin S.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, W P -- Yodh, J -- HL-15160/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):175-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6190229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agar ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; Hemoglobin C ; Hemoglobin, Sickle ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sepharose
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    Hepatitis B virus infection in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Since it has been postulated that liver hepatocytes may become infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vivo through direct contact with infected macrophages, the possibility that a circulating cell of hematopoietic origin might be susceptible to infection with HBV was investigated. Cells positive for HBV surface antigen were identified in aspirates of bone marrow cells from people infected with HBV. These cells were used to prepare a lymphoblastoid suspension culture that contains HBV-infected cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romet-Lemonne, J L -- McLane, M F -- Elfassi, E -- Haseltine, W A -- Azocar, J -- Essex, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Hepatitis B/*microbiology/pathology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/growth & development ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Lymphocytes/*microbiology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged
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    BK viral enhancer element and a human cellular homolog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Comparison of two closely related primate papovaviruses, simian virus 40 (SV40) and human BK virus (BKV), reveals that the only region of extensive divergence, the tandem sequences adjacent to the origins of DNA replication, is responsible in SV40 for enhancing early gene expression. This study demonstrates a similar enhancer function for the analogous repeated region in BKV. The dissimilarity in sequence of the BKV and SV40 enhancer elements suggests that they may have been acquired since SV40 and BKV diverged. A locus cloned from the human genome homologous to the BKV tandem repeats has been shown to function as low level enhancer element in mammalian cells. These data support the hypothesis that viral enhancer sequences may be evolutionarily related to host cell sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenthal, N -- Kress, M -- Gruss, P -- Khoury, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):749-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6314501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BK Virus/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Regulator ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polyomavirus/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity
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  • 154
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    A cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase is expressed in normal retina (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: An unusual isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase k, is found in high concentrations in cultured cells transformed by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and in many human cancer tissues. In experiments described here high levels of a lactate dehydrogenase k activity were detected in extracts of normal rodent retina. This activity had the same key properties as the human tumor isozyme, namely, a highly cathodic electrophoretic mobility and inhibition of enzymatic activity by oxygen and 5',5'-dipurinenucleoside tetraphosphates. Expression of this activity in the retina may be related to the high aerobic glycolysis characteristic of the retina, a metabolic feature shared with many tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saavedra, R A -- Anderson, G R -- CA32022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM28098/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):291-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Chickens ; Electrophoresis ; Glycolysis ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Rats ; Retina/*enzymology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 155
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    Digoxin-inactivating bacteria: identification in human gut flora (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Digoxin, the most widely used cardiac glycoside, undergoes significant metabolic conversion in many patients to cardioinactive metabolites in which the lactone ring is reduced. This appears to occur within the gastrointestinal tract. An attempt was made to isolate and identify the organisms capable of reducing digoxin from stool cultures obtained from human volunteers. Of hundreds of isolates studied, only Eubacterium lentum, a common anaerobe of the human colonic flora, converted digoxin to reduced derivatives. Such organisms were also isolated in high concentrations from the stools of individuals who did not excrete these metabolites when given digoxin in vivo. When the growth of E. lentum was stimulated by arginine, inactivation of digoxin was inhibited. Neither the presence of these organisms alone nor their concentration within the gut flora appeared to determine whether digoxin would be inactivated by this pathway in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saha, J R -- Butler, V P Jr -- Neu, H C -- Lindenbaum, J -- AA 00249/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- HL 10608/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/pharmacology ; Colon/microbiology ; Digoxin/*metabolism ; Eubacterium/drug effects/*metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction
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  • 156
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    Human endometrial adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice: growth regulation by estradiol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: A model for studying the growth of primary tumors of human endometrium and its regulation by 17 beta-estradiol has been developed in which ovariectomized nude mice are used as recipients. The receptors for sex steroids are maintained during serial transplantation of the tumor in this system. Although the rate of growth of receptor-negative endometrial tumors transplanted into ovariectomized nude mice is unaffected by the sustained presence or absence of estradiol, the growth of receptor-positive tumors is significantly increased by estradiol. Receptor-positive tumors treated with estradiol produced elevated concentrations of progesterone receptor. That the progesterone receptor is functional in this tumor is evident from the induction of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity upon progestin administration. These findings are consistent with receptor-mediated regulation of growth of endometrial carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Satyaswaroop, P G -- Zaino, R J -- Mortel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):58-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/metabolism/*pathology ; Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/*physiology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Uterine Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology
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  • 157
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    Human c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene on chromosome 12 (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: A human colonic adenocarcinoma transforming gene, recently identified as a cellular homolog of the Kirsten sarcoma gene (v-ras), was used to assign the human cellular Kirsten ras2 gene to chromosome 12 by the Southern hybridization method. A single 640 base-pair Eco RI--Hind III fragment of the transforming gene, isolated by DNA transfection and molecular cloning, can detect a single Eco RI fragment (2.9 kilobase pairs) of DNA from phenotypically normal cells. The data suggest a constant chromosomal location of c-Ki-ras2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakaguchi, A Y -- Naylor, S L -- Shows, T B -- Toole, J J -- McCoy, M -- Weinberg, R A -- CA16056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 20454/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1081-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes
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  • 158
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    Toxic shock syndrome and lysogeny in Staphylococcus aureus (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Lysogeny, or the presence of temperate bacteriophage, was demonstrated, by means of two Staphylococcus aureus indicator strains, in 11 of 12 strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome. Only 1 of 18 strains of S. aureus that were not associated with toxic shock syndrome showed the presence of bacteriophage. A laboratory strain of S. aureus was lysogenized by bacteriophage from two of the toxic shock-associated strains. These results add support to the theory that lysogeny by one or more bacteriophage in certain strains of S. aureus may be responsible for the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schutzer, S E -- Fischetti, V A -- Zabriskie, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6220467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Toxins/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Lysogeny ; Plasmids ; Shock, Septic/etiology/*microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus Phages/isolation & purification ; *Staphylococcus aureus
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  • 159
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    Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, M -- Duara, R -- Haxby, J -- Grady, C -- White, B J -- Kessler, R M -- Kay, A D -- Cutler, N R -- Rapoport, S I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6224294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Dementia/etiology ; Down Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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  • 160
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    Infection of normal human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: Primary cultures of epithelial cells were grown from the tonsils and adenoids of patients with diseases not related to Epstein-Barr virus. The cells could not be infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Fluorescein-labeled Epstein-Barr virus and a cytofluorograph were then used to show that the epithelial cells do not have detectable receptors for the virus. However, implantation with Epstein-Barr virus receptors gave the cells the ability to bind the labeled virus. One to 5 percent of receptor-implanted cells exposed to the transforming B95-8 substrain of the virus expressed Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. The early and viral capsid Epstein-Barr virus-determined antigens were not detected in the virus-infected cultures. The results show that normal human epithelial cells from the nasopharynx become susceptible to infection by Epstein-Barr virus when the membrane barrier resulting from the lack of viral receptors is overcome by receptor implantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, I M -- Volsky, D J -- 1R01 CA33386-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6298935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Epithelium/*microbiology ; Herpesviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/growth & development ; Humans ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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  • 161
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    Increased chromosomal mutation rate after hybridization between two subspecies of grasshoppers (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Hybridization between two chromosomally distinct subspecies of the grasshopper Caledia captiva results in a high incidence of novel chromosomal rearrangements among the backcross progeny. Rearrangements are restricted to those chromosomes derived from the F1 hybrid parent. Chromosomal involvement is nonrandom with the same rearrangement occurring repeatedly in different backcrosses. A single individual can also generate an array of different rearrangements among its offspring. Several of the rearrangements have also been found in natural populations. The nonrandom and recurrent nature of these chromosomal mutations at high frequencies provides a plausible explanation for the establishment and fixation of chromosomal rearrangements in natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, D D -- Wilkinson, P -- Coates, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1165-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Grasshoppers/*genetics ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mutation
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  • 162
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    Path-guided apparent motion (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: A curved gray path, briefly flashed between two alternately displayed black dots, induced a compelling illusion of a single dot moving back and forth over that path. The minimum interval between dot onsets yielding this apparent motion increased not with the direct distance between the dots but, linearly, with the length of the curved path.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shepard, R N -- Zare, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):632-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Motion ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Perception
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  • 163
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    [123I]Insulin metabolism in normal rats and humans: external detection by a scintillation camera (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: [123I]Insulin was injected intravenously into rats and the distribution and kinetics of radioactivity were analyzed by external detection with a scintillation camera connected to a computer. When injected alone, [123I]insulin was rapidly taken up by the liver and to a smaller extent by the kidneys. After reaching a maximum at 3 to 5 minutes after injection, liver radioactivity rapidly declined and free iodide appeared in the plasma. After previous saturation of the insulin receptor compartment, [123I]insulin was concentrated by the kidneys only and the rate of appearance of free iodide was markedly decreased. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of this noninvasive technique to visualize insulin interaction with the liver and kidneys and to study the rate of insulin degradation by each organ in vivo. Preliminary experiments in man demonstrate its feasibility and low radiotoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodoyez, J C -- Sodoyez-Goffaux, F -- Guillaume, M -- Merchie, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):865-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6337399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; Urinary Bladder/metabolism
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  • 164
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    Altered activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to classical conditioning than removing the structure (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Hippocampal ablation has no effect on the acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. Systemic administration of scopolamine, which alters hippocampal neuronal activity, severely retards acquisition of the conditioned response in normal animals and those with cortical ablations. In animals with hippocampal ablations, however, scopolamine has no effect on conditioning. These findings suggest that altered neuronal activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to conditioning than removing the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, P R -- Solomon, S D -- Schaaf, E V -- Perry, H E -- MH33381/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Nictitating Membrane/physiology ; Rabbits ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology
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  • 165
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    Amiloride directly inhibits the Na,K-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Amiloride inhibited the ouabain-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) of a suspension of rabbit intact proximal tubules in the presence of different concentrations of extracellular sodium. Measurements of the ouabain-sensitive QO2 in the presence of nystatin, the tissue sodium and potassium contents of the tubules in suspension, and the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity of lysed tubule membranes indicated that the effect of amiloride was due to a direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soltoff, S P -- Mandel, L J -- AM26816/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*enzymology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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  • 166
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    Gene for hereditary retinoblastoma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to esterase D (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: Evaluation of three families with hereditary retinoblastoma demonstrates close linkage of the gene for this tumor with the genetic locus for esterase D. These results assign the gene for the hereditary form of retinoblastoma to band q14 on chromosome 13, the same region which is affected in the chromosome deletion form of this eye tumor, and therefore suggest a common underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of these two forms of retinoblastoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sparkes, R S -- Murphree, A L -- Lingua, R W -- Sparkes, M C -- Field, L L -- Funderburk, S J -- Benedict, W F -- EY-02715/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD-04612/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-05615/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):971-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Esterases/genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics
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  • 167
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    Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Linkage analysis in families with apparent autosomal dominant reading disability produced a lod score of 3.241. Since the traditionally accepted significance level for linkage is a lod score of 3.0, these results strongly suggest that a gene playing a major etiologic role in one form of reading disability is on chromosome 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, S D -- Kimberling, W J -- Pennington, B F -- Lubs, H A -- R01 HD 13899/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1345-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Dyslexia/*genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Pedigree
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  • 168
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    X chromosome-linked transmission and expression of retroviral genomes microinjected into mouse zygotes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: A genomic clone consisting of the Moloney leukemia proviral genome with moderately repetitive mouse sequences was microinjected into the pronucleus of a mouse zygote. An animal was derived that carried multiple copies of proviral DNA in a tandem array. No evidence for homologous recombination was obtained. The viral genome was expressed in this animal and was transmitted as a single unit to its offspring. Subsequent breeding studies revealed that the proviral DNA had integrated on an X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, C -- Harbers, K -- Jahner, D -- Jaenisch, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):760-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*physiology ; X Chromosome/*physiology
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  • 169
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    Functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers is not decreased (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema, a disorder that may result from an imbalance between the elastase and antielastase levels in the lungs. Decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, might render smokers susceptible to elastase-catalyzed destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers and the development of emphysema. Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers. The inhibition of elastase-catalyzed solubilization of elastin and a tripeptide substrate were also determined. The mean level of functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers was found to be equal to or greater than that of nonsmokers, contradicting reports by other investigators. Increased elastase derived from pulmonary neutrophils, rather than decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, appears to be the main factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, P J -- Calore, J D -- McGowan, S E -- Bernardo, J -- Snider, G L -- Franzblau, C -- HL-19717/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-25229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*metabolism ; *Smoking
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    Missouri's costly dioxin lesson (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dioxins/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Missouri
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  • 171
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    Desickling of sickled erythrocytes by pulsed radio-frequency field (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: Electric fields were found to deform sickled erythrocytes. When the intensity of applied fields exceeded a threshold value, sickled erythrocytes transformed into a spherical shape. Prolonged application of the field usually caused hemolysis of erythrocytes. Deformation of red blood cells could be partly reversed if the field was turned off at an early stage. The cause of desickling may be the interaction of the field with the erythrocyte membrane and also with gelled intracellular hemoglobin S molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takashima, S -- Asakura, T -- HL-18226/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-20750/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*radiotherapy ; Erythrocyte Membrane/physiology ; Erythrocytes/*radiation effects ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials/radiation effects ; *Radio Waves
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  • 172
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    Fibronectin binds to some bacteria but does not promote their uptake by phagocytic cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: The involvement of plasma fibronectin in phagocytosis of bacteria was investigated by testing the binding of fibronectin to several species of bacteria and by evaluating the ability of fibronectin to promote binding and endocytosis of two species of these bacteria by phagocytic cells. Fibronectin binds non-covalently to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to yeast but did not appear to be necessary or sufficient for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium by several different phagocytic cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van de Water, L -- Destree, A T -- Hynes, R O -- R01CA17007/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):201-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Endocytosis ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Opsonin Proteins/physiology ; *Phagocytosis ; Rabbits ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism ; Sepsis/immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
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  • 173
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    Auditory intensity discrimination at high frequencies in the presence of noise (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: Over a wide range of intensities, subjects were able to detect small differences in the intensity of a high-frequency band of noise that was presented with a relatively intense, complementary band-reject noise. This indicates that neither of two possible mechanisms for peripheral intensity coding, those based on timing and on spread of excitation, is necessary for the large dynamic range of human hearing. It is shown that the information available in the firing rate of a small number of nerve fibers can account for these data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viemeister, N F -- NS12125/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Threshold ; *Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hearing/*physiology ; Humans
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  • 174
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    Inhibition by alcohols of the localization of radioactive nitrosonornicotine in sites of tumor formation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Oral administration of ethanol, n-butanol, or t-butanol to mice 20 minutes before injection of carbon-14-labeled nitrosonornicotine inhibited the localization of radioactivity in bronchial and salivary duct epithelium and in the liver. Localization of radioactivity in the nasal epithelium and esophagus was not significantly reduced. These alcohols therefore may selectively inhibit tumor formation in three of the five sites where this carcinogen typically acts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waddell, W J -- Marlowe, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):51-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Butanol ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohols/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Butanols/pharmacology ; Carcinogens/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; Lung/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Nitrosamines/*pharmacology ; Salivary Glands/drug effects ; Smoking ; tert-Butyl Alcohol
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  • 175
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    Retrovirus terminology (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watanabe, T -- Seiki, M -- Yoshida, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deltaretrovirus ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; *Retroviridae ; T-Lymphocytes ; *Terminology as Topic
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  • 176
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    Carcinogen risk assessment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: The National Academy of Sciences elected 12, not 6, new foreign associates (News and Comment, 3 June, p. 1028). The remaining six are Kimishige Ishizaka (Japan), medicine and microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Ikuo Kushiro, petrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Guido Pontecorvo (Italy). geneticist, Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, London, United Kingdom; Kai M. Siegbahn, University of Uppsala, Uppsala. Sweden; John R. Vane, research and development, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Kent, United Kingdom: Douglas F. Waterhouse (retired), entomology. CSIRO, Deakin, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, G M -- Weisburger, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Humans ; Risk
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  • 177
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    Diets for diabetics (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolever, T M -- Jenkins, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):565-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/*diet therapy ; *Diet, Diabetic ; Humans
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  • 178
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 179
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    Byssinosis research (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weill, H -- Diem, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1273-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Byssinosis/*etiology ; Humans ; Research
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  • 180
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    Conditioned cues elicit feeding in sated rats: a role for learning in meal initiation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: Pavlovian conditioning was used to teach rats an association between an arbitrary external cue and food. Presentation of the conditioned cue elicited feeding by sated animals. The meal constituted approximately 20 percent of daily intake, and it was compensated for by a reduction of subsequent intake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingarten, H P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conditioning, Classical ; *Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; Vagotomy
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  • 181
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    Sex differences in dendritic structure in the preoptic area of the juvenile macaque monkey brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: Quantitative analysis of Golgi-stained neurons in the preoptic area of the brain of prepuberal Macaca fascicularis monkeys indicated structural differences between males and females. Neurons of males had more dendritic bifurcations and a higher frequency of spines. The bifurcation difference appeared in all cell types and was concentrated in the ventrolateral preoptic area. The spine difference was greatest in the central region of the preoptic area. No differences in gross measurements of this brain region were found. These results suggest that sexual dimorphism in the function of the monkey preoptic area may be based on differences in neuronal structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ayoub, D M -- Greenough, W T -- Juraska, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Female ; Macaca/*anatomy & histology ; Macaca fascicularis/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Male ; Preoptic Area/*cytology ; *Sex Differentiation
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  • 182
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    Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in humans (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Dose-response studies of the inhibition of lipolysis by insulin in isolated human adipocytes were conducted with the use of a sensitive bioluminescent assay of glycerol release. The addition of glucose to the incubation medium was associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity and an increase in the maximum insulin effect. The results suggest that glucose plays an important role in regulating the antilipolytic action of insulin in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, P -- Bolinder, J -- Ostman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lipolysis/*drug effects
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  • 183
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    Differential expression of the translocated and the untranslocated c-myc oncogene in Burkitt lymphoma (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying either a rearranged or unrearranged c-myc oncogene were examined with the use of probes from the 5' exon and for the second and third exon of the oncogene. The results indicate that the normal c-myc gene on chromosome 8 and the 5' noncoding and 3' coding segments of the c-myc oncogene separated by the chromosomal translocation are under different transcriptional control in the lymphoma cells. Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a translocated but unrearranged c-myc oncogene express normal c-myc transcripts. In contrast, lymphoma cells carrying a c-myc gene rearranged head to head with the immunoglobulin constant mu region gene express c-myc transcripts lacking the normal untranslated leader.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ar-Rushdi, A -- Nishikura, K -- Erikson, J -- Watt, R -- Rovera, G -- Croce, C M -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6414084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Operon ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 184
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    Endogenous inhibitors of monoamine oxidase present in human cerebrospinal fluid (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Inhibitory activity against the enzyme monoamine oxidase is present in low molecular weight fractions (less than 100,000) of human cerebrospinal fluid. These endogenous substances of different molecular weights (3000 to more than 35,000) act like monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs to inhibit both type A and type B monoamine oxidase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, R E -- Giambalvo, C -- Fox, R A -- Macho, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):476-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*physiology ; Chromatography, Gel ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*isolation & purification ; Rats
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  • 185
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    The immune response evokes changes in brain noradrenergic neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: A decreased noradrenaline turnover in the hypothalami of rats was observed at the peak of the immune response to sheep red blood cells. The decrease in noradrenergic neuronal activity was mimicked by injection of soluble r mediators released by immunological cells activated in vitro. Noradrenaline also tended to decrease in the brainstem but not in the residual brain. It is suggested that products released from activated immunological cells during the immune response may induce the previously described autonomic and endocrine mechanisms that contribute to immunoregulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Besedovsky, H -- del Rey, A -- Sorkin, E -- Da Prada, M -- Burri, R -- Honegger, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):564-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*immunology/physiology ; Brain Stem/immunology/physiology ; Female ; Hypothalamus/immunology/physiology ; *Immunity ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Sheep/immunology ; Spleen/immunology/physiology
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  • 186
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    Running and breathing in mammals (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-21
    Description: Mechanical constraints appear to require that locomotion and breathing be synchronized in running mammals. Phase locking of limb and respiratory frequency has now been recorded during treadmill running in jackrabbits and during locomotion on solid ground in dogs, horses, and humans. Quadrupedal species normally synchronize the locomotor and respiratory cycles at a constant ratio of 1:1 (strides per breath) in both the trot and gallop. Human runners differ from quadrupeds in that while running they employ several phase-locked patterns (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 5:2, and 3:2), although a 2:1 coupling ratio appears to be favored. Even though the evolution of bipedal gait has reduced the mechanical constraints on respiration in man, thereby permitting greater flexibility in breathing pattern, it has seemingly not eliminated the need for the synchronization of respiration and body motion during sustained running. Flying birds have independently achieved phase-locked locomotor and respiratory cycles. This hints that strict locomotor-respiratory coupling may be a vital factor in the sustained aerobic exercise of endothermic vertebrates, especially those in which the stresses of locomotion tend to deform the thoracic complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bramble, D M -- Carrier, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 21;219(4582):251-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gait ; Horses ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Mammals ; *Physical Exertion ; Rabbits ; *Respiration
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    A major metabolite of arginine vasopressin in the brain is a highly potent neuropeptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: A peptide that accumulated as the major product during the proteolysis of arginine vasopressin by rat brain synaptic membranes was isolated and its structure was shown to be the hexapeptide pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2. When administered intracerebroventricularly in extremely low doses, this vasopressin fragment and its desglycinamide derivative facilitated memory consolidation in a passive avoidance situation. These vasopressin metabolites, which are devoid of pressor activity, constitute highly potent neuropeptides with selective effects on memory and related processes; they are activated via proteolytic processing of vasopressin by brain peptidases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burbach, J P -- Kovacs, G L -- de Wied, D -- van Nispen, J W -- Greven, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6351252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*metabolism/physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 188
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    Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18 to 24 hours, whereas lower concentrations (25 to 50 mM) produced similar changes after 2 weeks. This model system has potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charness, M E -- Gordon, A S -- Diamond, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glioma ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 189
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    Frequent activation of c-kis as a transforming gene in fibrosarcomas induced by methylcholanthrene (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: The DNA's from two of four methylcholanthrene-induced mouse fibrosarcomas contained transforming genes that were identical in their pattern of restriction endonuclease resistance to inactivation of biologic activity. This transforming gene was identified as the activated homolog of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus onc gene, v-kis. The finding that a defined carcinogen reproducibly leads to activation of kis as a transforming gene should be of value in elucidating the role of oncogenes in the neoplastic process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eva, A -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):955-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Fibrosarcoma/chemically induced/*genetics ; Humans ; Methylcholanthrene/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Oncogenes/*drug effects ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 190
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    Murine I-A beta chain polymorphism: nucleotide sequences of three allelic I-A beta genes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: The polymorphism of immune response genes plays a critical role in determining the immune capabilities of a particular individual. The molecular nature of this polymorphism was studied by examining the structure of the coding portions of three alleles of the I-A beta chain gene, an immune response gene whose protein product constitutes a subunit of the I-A molecule. Comparison of the I-A beta chains encoded by these alleles revealed an amino acid sequence divergence of 5 to 8 percent. The differences were found to be a series of short alterations clustered in the amino terminal half of the polypeptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, E -- McIntyre, K -- Germain, R N -- Seidman, J G -- AI18436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):283-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Polymorphism, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 191
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    Rheumatoid factors and Chagas' disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, A B Jr -- Mellow, G H -- AI 19015-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6402816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chagas Disease/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rheumatoid Factor/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 192
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    Genetic engineering (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Comings, David E -- Nelson, J Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Risk ; Risk Assessment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 193
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    X-ray--induced breakage and rejoining of human interphase chromosomes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: A method was developed for the high-resolution measurement of breaks in prematurely condensed chromosomes at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The dose response for fragments (breaks) produced immediately after x-irradiation of confluent cultures of normal human cells was linear down to 10.9 rad (0.109 Gy) and extrapolated to zero effect at zero dose. The curve had a slope of 0.063 breaks per cell per rad, which is at least an order of magnitude greater than that for breaks scored in the same cells after they have progressed to mitosis following subculture. When incubated at 37 degrees C half of the breaks disappeared in 2 hours. A slower, perhaps nonrejoining component was apparent at later incubation times. The initial rate of break rejoining was similar to the rate of increase in survival after incubation because of the repair of potentially lethal damage and is also in close agreement with recently reported values for the rejoining of double-strand breakage in DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cornforth, M N -- Bedford, J S -- CA 18023/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/ultrastructure ; Interphase ; Mitosis ; Mutation/*radiation effects ; X-Rays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 194
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    Alzheimer's disease: a disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: Great emphasis is being placed on identification of neurotransmitter systems involved in the symptomatic manifestations of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, which now seems to be one of the most common causes of mental deterioration in the elderly, compelling evidence has been developed that acetylcholine-releasing neurons, whose cell bodies lie in the basal forebrain, selectively degenerate. These cholinergic neurons provide widespread innervation of the cerebral cortex and related structures and appear to play an important role in cognitive functions, especially memory. These advances reflect a close interaction between experimental and clinical neuroscientists in which information derived from basic neurobiology is rapidly utilized to analyze disorders of the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coyle, J T -- Price, D L -- DeLong, M R -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1184-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*physiopathology ; Behavior ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Cholinergic Fibers/*physiopathology ; Cognition ; Dementia/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 195
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    NIH to review Emory in Darsee case (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, Barbara J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Ethics Committees ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Federal Government ; Financial Support ; *Fraud ; Government ; Government Regulation ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Social Control, Formal ; Universities
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  • 196
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    Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: The locus for the cellular myc (c-myc) oncogene in humans is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated to chromosome 14 in cells from most undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. It is shown in this study that the c-myc locus is rearranged in 5 out of 15 cell lines from patients with undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas, and that the rearrangement involves a region at the 5' side of an apparently intact c-myc gene. In at least three patients, this rearranged region appears to contain immunoglobulin heavy chain mu sequences that are located on chromosome 14. The data indicate that this region contains the crossover point between chromosomes 8 and 14. The break point can occur at different positions on both chromosomes among individual cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalla-Favera, R -- Martinotti, S -- Gallo, R C -- Erikson, J -- Croce, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):963-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6401867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 197
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    The two faces of genetic engineering in man (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, B D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6572417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Behavior Control ; *Ethics, Medical ; *Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Religion ; United States
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  • 198
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    Somatic cell genetics and gene families (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: The utility of somatic cell genetic analysis for the chromosomal localization of genes in mammals is well established. With the development of recombinant DNA probes and efficient blotting techniques that allow visualization of single-copy cellular genes, somatic cell genetics has been extended from the level of phenotypes expressed by whole cells to the level of the cellular genome itself. This extension has proved invaluable for the analysis of genes not readily expressed in somatic cell hybrids and for the study of multigene families, especially pseudogenes dispersed in different chromosomes throughout the genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Eustachio, P -- Ruddle, F H -- GM-09966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):919-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6573776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 199
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    Gene reactivation in erythrocytes: nuclear transplantation in oocytes and eggs of Rana (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: Adult erythrocyte nuclei of Rana, transplanted and incubated in the cytoplasm of maturing oocytes, direct matured oocytes to form swimming tadpoles. These results demonstrate that nuclei of noncycling and terminally differentiated erythrocytes contain the genes to specify tadpole development, and conditioning these nuclei in the cytoplasm of oocytes leads to a widespread reactivation of dormant genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiBerardino, M A -- Hoffner, N J -- GM-23635/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):862-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6600520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Erythrocytes/*physiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Rana pipiens/embryology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 200
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    AIDS fears spark row over vaccine (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickson, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; France ; Hepatitis B/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Viral Vaccines/*adverse effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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