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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (704)
  • Cells, Cultured
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (746)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1981  (746)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Human malignant cancer tumors grafted into nude mice produce tumors containing both human cancer cells and the host's stromal cells. After short-term propagation of these tumors in vitro, the murine mesenchymal cells appear transformed and are tumorigenic in nude mice. However, established human cancer cell lines fail to similarly after adjacent murine stromal cells when used to produce tumors in nude mice. These experiments suggest that cancer cells may recruit normal cells to become malignant, qualifying the view of the clonal (unicellular) origin of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldenberg, D M -- Pavia, R A -- 1R01 CA17198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Fibrosarcoma/*etiology ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*etiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furcinitti, P S -- Todd, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; HeLa Cells/radiation effects ; Humans
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Voltage clamp studies of macrophages from cultures of mouse spleen macrophages produced N-shaped steady-state current-voltage curves containing a region of negative slope resistance. Some macrophages exhibit two stable states of membrane potential, having current-voltage relationships that cross the voltage axis at three points. Outward currents that turn on at voltages of +15 millivolts or greater were noted in several cells. The addition of barium chloride to the bathing medium abolished the negative slope resistance and reduced the inward currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps. These data provide direct evidence that macrophages exhibit at least tow different voltage-dependent conductances and demonstrate that voltage clamp techniques can be useful in studying the membrane properties of leukocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallin, E K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):458-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Barium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Spleen/cytology
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: The addition of ethanol or other aliphatic alcohols to rat brain membranes strongly inhibits binding of enkephalins at concentrations at which little inhibition of opiate alkaloids is seen. Inhibition is reversible, and potency increases with chain length of the alcohol. The results suggest that delta receptors are considerably more sensitive to alcohols than mu receptors. This is the first demonstration of selective inhibition of one of the postulated classes of opiate receptors by a reagent that is not a ligand for the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiller, J M -- Angel, L M -- Simon, E J -- DA-00017/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohols/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/classification/*drug effects/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and Ionomycin, which are selective for calcium, stimulated the resorption of fetal rat long bones in organ culture at 0.1 to 1 micromolar but not at higher concentrations. Both agents inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations that stimulated resorption. These results might explain the differences in ionophore effects on bone previously reported, and they imply that cell replication is not required for osteoclast formation in fetal rat long bone cultures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenzo, J A -- Raisz, L G -- AM 07290/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 18063/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Resorption/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Fetus ; Ionomycin ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Udeinya, I J -- Schmidt, J A -- Aikawa, M -- Miller, L H -- Green, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/microbiology ; Erythrocytes/*microbiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Veins
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: In this study the hormonal requirements for the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro were determined. A serum-free, biochemically defined medium, supplemented with the relevant hormones, permitted proliferation and propagation of normal diploid mammalian arterial smooth muscle cells. Serum-free, hormone-supplemented cultures spontaneously formed atherosclerotic plaque-like nodules. Thus atherosclerosis may be mediated by a complex endocrine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, R -- Stemerman, M B -- Maciag, T -- AM 07026/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 06197/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 07374/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7013068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal/cytology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Hormones/*pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology ; Rats ; Transferrin/pharmacology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: The frequency with which diethylstilbestrol induces neoplastic transformation and somatic mutation was measured concomitantly in Syrian hamster embryo cells. While diethylstilbestrol was as active as benzo[a]pyrene in inducing transformation, it failed to induce mutations at two conventionally studied loci. These results suggest that diethylstilbestrol may transform cells in the absence of gene mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrett, J C -- Wong, A -- McLachlan, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Benzopyrenes ; Carcinogens ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Diethylstilbestrol/*pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Genes/*drug effects ; Mesocricetus ; *Mutation
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 3-Deazaadenosine, an inhibitor of methylation, increased the frequency of conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Once converted, the 3T3-L1 fat cells retained their adipose morphology and accumulated triglycerides even when 3-deazaadenosine was removed from the culture medium. 3-Deazaadenosine may perturb cellular methylation and thereby lead to an increase in the frequency of differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Carnitine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Methylation ; Mice ; Ribonucleosides/*pharmacology ; Tubercidin/*pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: A covalent conjugate of an alpha-amanitin azo derivative and a monoclonal immunoglobulin G to the Thy 1.2 antigen on murine T lymphocytes was synthesized. The conjugate was 375- to 750-fold more inhibitory to murine T lymphoma S49.1 cells than the unconjugated derivative. At 0.7 X 10(-7) to 1.5 X 10(-7) M and at 4 X 10(-7) M amanitin equivalents, the conjugate inhibited protein synthesis in S49.1 cells by 50 percent and 80 to 96 percent, respectively. At these concentrations, mutant Thy l-deficient S49 cells and other murine lymphoma lacking Thy l altogether or carrying Thy 1.1 antigens were unaffected. This result demonstrated the potential for targeting amanitin to specific cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M T -- Preston, J F 3rd -- R01 CA 19043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6115471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amanitins/*administration & dosage ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Antigens, Thy-1 ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/*administration & dosage ; Lymphoma/*drug therapy ; Membrane Proteins/*immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: When bound to cell surfaces, certain lectins such as concanavalin A induce a drop in the average diffusion coefficients (D) of a number of cell surface molecules. To find whether such anchorage modulation occurs naturally, D of surface antigens on different cell and tissue types were measured by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. Values for cells of the same tissue origin under different conditions of growth and association - in tissues, in small aggregates, and as isolated cells - varied by less than twofold when polyspecific monovalent antibodies to cell surface antigens were used, a range much less than the sixfold decrease in D observed after lectin-induced anchorage modulation. Thus, if reversible modulation of the diffusion rate is used naturally as a means of cell signaling, it must involve only a few kinds of surface receptors not detected by the antibodies used in this study. In certain tissues, however, a significant proportion of cells showed no apparent receptor mobility. This "all or none" modulation of lateral diffusion may reflect relatively long-lasting alterations in the states of a single cell type or differentiation among the cells of the particular tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gall, W E -- Edelman, G M -- AI-09273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-11378/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM-04256/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):903-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Diffusion ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Mice
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: The spontaneous rhythmic activity of aggregates of embryonic chick heart cells was perturbed by the injection of single current pulses and periodic trains of current pulses. The regular and irregular dynamics produced by periodic stimulation were predicted theoretically from a mathematical analysis of the response to single pulses. Period-doubling bifurcations, in which the period of a regular oscillation doubles, were predicted theoretically and observed experimentally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guevara, M R -- Glass, L -- Shrier, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Biological ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Periodicity
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Kirsten sarcoma virus produced a low incidence of transient morphological transformation in primary cultures of rat ovarian granulosa cells. In the presence of epidermal growth factor, the incidence of transient transformation increased severalfold and two continuous cell lines were established. Epidermal growth factor, a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone, appears to act here as a tumor promoter in the retrovirus-induced transformation of a mesodermally derived epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, J -- Auersperg, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):218-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/*cytology/drug effects ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/drug effects/*genetics ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: The mitogenic effect of somatomedin B on human cultured glial cells was neutralized by the addition of antibodies to mouse epidermal growth factor. Somatomedin B contained epidermal growth factor--like activity, competing for binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is concluded that contaminating epidermal growth factor may explain the entire mitogenic activity of somatomedin B.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heldin, C H -- Wasteson, A -- Fryklund, L -- Westermark, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6973821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Neuroglia ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Spike electrogenesis, local depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses, spontaneous rhythmic firing, and alternating resting potentials were measured in cells from a continuously cultured small cell carcinoma of the lung. Spike generation was blocked by MnCl2. In view of this evidence for calcium-spike electrogenesis and previous evidence of secretory activity in these cells, this cell line (DMS 53) can provide a model for the study of excitation-secretion behavior in human neoplastic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCann, F V -- Pettengill, O S -- Cole, J J -- Russell, J A -- Sorenson, G D -- CA 25845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DA 23108/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/*physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Receptors for the activated third component of complement and for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G are not expressed by apparently normal bovine pulmonary endothelial cells, but are expressed when the cells are exposed to white cell lysates or are infected with influenza or cytomegalovirus. The unmasking of these latent receptors may contribute to the pulmonary inflammatory response characteristic of, for example, anaphylaxis and to those lung diseases characterized by the deposition of immune complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, U S -- Schultz, D R -- Ruan, J W -- HL 21568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 22087/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Complement C3b/metabolism ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology ; Endothelium/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology ; Pulmonary Artery/*cytology ; Receptors, Complement/*metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/*metabolism
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: Somatomedin-C stimulates somatostatin release to a maximum of 390 percent of basal release during short-term (20-minute) incubation of rat hypothalamus. It has no effect on basal or stimulated growth hormone release from primary cultures of rat adenohypophyseal cells during a 4-hour incubation, but inhibits stimulated release by more that 90 percent after 24 hours. These findings suggest that somatomedin-C participates in the growth hormone negative feedback loop with an immediate effect on hypothalamic somatostatin and a delayed effect on the anterior pituitary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berelowitz, M -- Szabo, M -- Frohman, L A -- Firestone, S -- Chu, L -- Hintz, R L -- AM 18722/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 24085/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1279-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feedback ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology/*secretion ; Hypothalamus/drug effects/*physiology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Kinetics ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects/*secretion ; Rats ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Sympathetic neurons from newborn rats, cultured for 1 month or longer in the virtual absence of nonneuronal cells, were capable of regenerating neurites after neuritotomy. Regeneration occurred even after nerve growth factor was withdrawn from the cultures, although it was much less extensive and appeared limited to a few days following neuritotomy. Even after 29 days of nerve growth factor deprivation, reintroduction of the protein prompted a resumption of neurite growth. Possible roles of both nerve growth factor-independent and -dependent components in adult nerve regeneration are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campenot, R B -- NS15559/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):579-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; Nerve Regeneration/*drug effects ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Trypsin-dissociated atrial cardiocytes from adult rats were exposed to [3H]thymidine for sequential 24-hour periods from day 2 to day 12 of culture. On day 3 and each day thereafter, cells were prepared for ultrastructural radioautography and examined with an electron microscope. Maximal incorporation occurred on day 5, when 63 percent of the cardiocytes were labeled. Mitotic activity was never present in more than 0.5 percent of the cardiocytes examined. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine and mitosis occurred only in immature cardiocytes characterized by subsarcolemmal primary filaments and Z bands with or without specific granules; more mature cardiocytes were never labeled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantin, M -- Ballak, M -- Beuzeron-Mangina, J -- Anand-Srivastava, M B -- Tautu, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):569-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Mitosis ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: The growth in vitro of human breast cancer cells, line MCF-7, was inhibited by a daily supplement of L-arginine (1 milligram per milliliter). Arginine acted synergistically with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) (10(-6) molar) to enhance the growth inhibitory effect: the cell replication ceased completely within 2 days after treatment. The growth arrest accompanied a change in cell morphology and was preceded by increases in the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP, adenylate cyclase, and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities as well as a decrease of estrogen binding activity. The results suggest that growth of human breast cancer cells is subject to cyclic AMP-mediated regulation and that arginine may play a specific role in this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho-Chung, Y S -- Clair, T -- Bodwin, J S -- Berghoffer, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6269181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/*pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology ; Bucladesine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: A clone of L1210 mouse leukemia cells selected for resistance to both the antiviral and anticellular properties of mouse interferon were essentially devoid of fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity. Experiments in which broken cell preparations were mixed or the two cell types were cultivated together failed to indicate the presence of a diffusible enzyme inhibitor. Fatty acid lipoxygenase activity of similar magnitude was detectable in both cell types. A selective impairment of fatty acid cyclooxygenase in interferon-resistant cells is consistent with recently described data suggesting that this enzyme may play a crucial role in mediating the antiviral and anticellular effects of interferon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandrabose, K A -- Cuatrecasas, P -- Pottathil, R -- Lang, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/drug effects/enzymology ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Interferons/*pharmacology ; Leukemia L1210 ; Lipoxygenase/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; Mice ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*deficiency ; Prostaglandins/biosynthesis
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: This study suggests one mechanism by which alveolar macrophages accumulate in the lung in pulmonary emphysema: elastin fragments generated at the diseased sites are potent chemoattractants for monocytes, the precursors of the macrophages. The most chemotactic elastin fragments have a molecular weight between 10,000 and 50,000 and are active at concentrations as low as 3 nanograms per milliliter. By comparison, elastin fragments with higher molecular weights and desmosines are active at concentrations greater than 0.3 microgram per milliliter. In addition, preincubation of monocytes with the 10,000- to 50,000-dalton elastin impairs the ability of the cells to migrate toward elastin fragments but not toward activated serum. Fragments of tropoelastin are not chemotactic for monocytes. Because elastin, but not tropoelastin, contains lysyl-derived cross-links, these structures may be the active chemotactic site on the elastin fragments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunninghake, G W -- Davidson, J M -- Rennard, S -- Szapiel, S -- Gadek, J E -- Crystal, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):925-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Elastin/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrophages/physiology ; Monocytes/*physiology ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Pulmonary Emphysema/*physiopathology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tropoelastin/*pharmacology
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: A fluorescent derivative of the thyroid hormone 3,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine binds to cultured mouse fibroblasts; such binding is saturable. Video intensification fluorescence microscopy indicates that binding occurs at the plasma membrane. Diffusion coefficients, obtained by fluorescence photobleaching recovery, are consistent with binding to a protein receptor on the cell surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maxfield, F R -- Willingham, M C -- Pastan, I -- Dragsten, P -- Cheng, S Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):63-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6255563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Endocytosis ; Kinetics ; Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ; Triiodothyronine/*metabolism
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: Removal of the posterior pituitary from anesthetized male rats results in a prompt and significant increase in circulating prolactin that is reversed by the injection of dopamine. Posterior pituitary extracts, which contain high concentrations of endogenous dopamine, inhibit prolactin secretion from isolated anterior pituitary cells. This inhibition is prevented by incubation of the cells with the dopamine receptor antagonist (+)-butaclamol. The data show that posterior pituitary dopamine reaches the anterior pituitary via the short hypophysial portal vessels and participates in the regulation of prolactin secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, L L -- Hoefer, M T -- Ben-Jonathan, N -- HD 14348/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-13234/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-219/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dopamine/pharmacology/*physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/*physiology ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Rats ; Secretory Rate/drug effects
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: Immunocytochemistry shows that early during phagocytosis of zymosan, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) appears on the cell surface before the phagosome is internalized. The appearance of cyclic AMP on the cell surface is coincident with that of granule products and regulatory subunit of type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate is not associated with the initiation site of phagocytosis, but is observed throughout the granular cytoplasmic region. This sharply localized accumulation of cyclic AMP may serve as a signal for the initiation of phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pryzwansky, K B -- Steiner, A L -- Spitznagel, J K -- Kapoor, C L -- 02430-22/PHS HHS/ -- AM17438/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):407-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Compartmentation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Humans ; Lactoferrin/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Neutrophils/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Peroxidase/metabolism ; *Phagocytosis ; Protein Kinases/metabolism
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Various lectins were found to induce tyrosine aminotransferase in H-35 rat hepatoma cells grown in monolayer culture. Wheat germ agglutinin gave a maximal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase 6 hours after its addition. The induction time course was similar to that elicited by insulin. Fourteen micrograms of wheat germ agglutinin per milliliter gave half-maximal enzyme induction and 50 micrograms per milliliter gave the maximal response. The induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by wheat germ agglutinin was additive with the induction by either dexamethasone or dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, but was not additive with the tyrosine amino transferase induction by insulin. Wheat germ agglutinin also mimicked insulin in the inhibition of cellular protein degradation in the absence of serum. The insulin-like effects of lectins should be considered in lectin-mediated manipulations such as agglutination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J D -- Liu, A Y -- AM20274/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 07258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):799-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Lectins/*pharmacology ; Liver/*enzymology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/drug effects ; Tyrosine Transaminase/*biosynthesis
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: The molecularly cloned, long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Moloney sarcoma virus (M-MSV) provirus has been covalently linked to c-mos, the cellular homolog of the M-MSV-specific sequence, v-mos. These newly constructed clones lack any M-MSV-derived sequences other than the LTR, but in DNA transfection assays they transform cells as efficiently as cloned subgenomic M-MSV fragments containing both v-mos and LTR. Cells transformed by LTR:c-mos hybrid molecules contain additional copies of mos DNA, and several size classes of polyadenylated RNA's with sequence homology to mos. The activation of the transforming potential of c-mos by the proviral LTR suggests a model whereby LTR-like elements could activate other normal cell sequences with oncogenic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blair, D G -- Oskarsson, M -- Wood, T G -- McClements, W L -- Fischinger, P J -- Vande Woude, G G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):941-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Recombinant ; Defective Viruses/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Operon ; Plasmids
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: Epinephrine and isoproterenol provoke primary chick myoblasts to initiate precocious cell fusion. Both the rise in intracellular adenosine 3' ,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cell fusion generated by these effectors are prevented by propranolol, which is a specific blocker of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Propranolol has no effect either on the precocious cell fusion provoked by prostaglandin E or on cell fusion in control cultures. The results support the idea that a rise in cyclic AMP is the critical intracellular change responsible for initiating events that culminate in myoblast differentiation 4 to 5 hours later. They also indicate that the culminate in myoblast differentiation 4 to 5 hours later. They also indicate that the hormone responsible for the positive regulation of myoblast differentiation in vitro is not acting through the beta-adrenergic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curtis, D H -- Zalin, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1355-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Fusion/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Muscles/*cytology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Stimulation, Chemical
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: When the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into acid insoluble material was measured, ribavirin appeared to be a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in KB cells and human lymphocytes. Inhibition was nearly 100-fold less, however, when DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of phosphorus-32-labeled phosphate or by DNA fluorescence. The potent inhibition detected by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA actually was the result of a potent effect on the labeling of deoxythymidine triphosphate, not on the synthesis of DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drach, J C -- Thomas, M A -- Barnett, J W -- Smith, S H -- Shipman, C Jr -- DE 02731/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):549-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Ribavirin/*pharmacology ; Ribonucleosides/*pharmacology ; Thymidine/*metabolism ; Thymine Nucleotides/biosynthesis
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Simultaneous recordings of calcium action potentials directly from growth cones and from somata of neuroblastoma cells indicated that they could be generated in the neurites at or near growth cones. Growth cone responses were measured with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye and a 5-milliwatt helium-neon laser microbeam as a monitoring light source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grinvald, A -- Farber, I C -- NS14716/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1164-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: In rats a graded series of stressors produced progressively greater suppression of lymphocyte function, as measured by the number of circulating lymphocytes and by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes in whole blood and isolated cultures. This evidence suggests that stress suppresses immunity in proportion to the intensity of the stressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keller, S E -- Weiss, J M -- Schleifer, S J -- Miller, N E -- Stein, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6973822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Electroshock ; *Immune Tolerance ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: The antigonadal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovarian granulosa cells are due to attenuation of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) response to follicle-stimulating hormone. Agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone progressively inhibit adenylate cyclase and stimulate phosphodiesterase activities in cultured granulosa cells, indicating that blockade of gonadotropin action is attributable to the combined effects of decreased production and increased degradation of cyclic AMP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knecht, M -- Catt, K J -- 5 F32 HDO5801/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1346-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Granulosa Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; *Hypophysectomy ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The binding of monoclonal antibody specific for colon carcinoma was inhibited by serum from patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon but not by serum from patients with other bowel diseases or from healthy volunteers. Of other malignancies studied, serum from two patients with gastric carcinoma and two patients with pancreatic carcinoma also inhibited the specific binding of monoclonal antibody. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in these serum samples were not correlated with their levels of binding inhibition. Such monoclonal antibodies may prove useful for the detection of colorectal carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koprowski, H -- Herlyn, M -- Steplewski, Z -- Sears, H F -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR-05540/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):53-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/*immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*analysis ; Binding, Competitive ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Colonic Neoplasms/*immunology ; Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/immunology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: The metabolic and genetic factors leading to deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in cartilage of patients with chondrocalcinosis are not well understood. Analysis of cultured fibroblasts and lymphoblasts from 12 affected members of a large kindred showed a mean concentration of intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate two times greater than that in cells from unaffected family members or normal, unrelated volunteers. Increased intracellular pyrophosphate may, therefore, be a biochemical marker for the heterozygous expression of the chondrocalcinosis gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lust, G -- Faure, G -- Netter, P -- Seegmiller, J E -- AM13622/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM17702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):809-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocalcinosis/genetics/*metabolism ; Diphosphates/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: A large, transient reduction in the population size of human fibroblasts in early passages significantly increases the variability of the life-spans of cultures in comparison to control cultures, as predicted by the commitment theory of cellular aging. The theory also predicts that a constant population of noncycling cells will appear in the later part of the culture life-span. This was confirmed by labeling the cells in culture with tritiated thymidine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holliday, R -- Huschtscha, L I -- Kirkwood, T B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Division ; *Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Humans ; Lung/cytology ; Probability
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Choline stimulated secretion of catecholamines from primary dissociated cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by interacting with nicotinic receptors. Secretion was readily detected at a choline concentration of 1 millimole per liter and was maximal at 3 to 10 millimoles per liter; it was completely calcium-dependent. Further analysis suggested that choline acts as a partial nicotinic agonist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holz, R W -- Senter, R A -- 1 ROAM-27959-01/OA/SAMHSA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):466-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Adrenal Medulla/*physiology ; Animals ; Catecholamines/*secretion ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Chromaffin System/*physiology ; Exocytosis/drug effects ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*drug effects
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: Dynamic contractions of bile canaliculi were observed in groups of cultured hepatocytes by time-lapse cinephotomicrography during the early stages of monolayer formation. The contractions, which were forceful and appeared to have a pumping action, may facilitate the flow of bile in the liver's canalicular system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oshio, C -- Phillips, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1041-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Liver/*physiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Rats
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Fibroblasts contain a specific internalization pathway that carries hormones as well as some proteins and viruses from the cell surface to the cell interior. Initially, the ligands bind to mobile receptors that are randomly distributed on the cell surface. Next the ligand-receptor complexes are trapped and concentrated in specialized regions of the membrane termed bristle-coated pits. From the pit a smooth-walled vesicle containing the ligand forms and carries the ligand to the cell interior. Because of its role in receptor-mediated endocytosis, this vesicle has been termed a "receptosome."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastan, I H -- Willingham, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):504-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6170111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cells, Cultured ; Clathrin ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; *Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Ligands ; Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; alpha-Macroglobulins/metabolism ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Bovine brain gangliosides were applied to primary and established neuronal cultures to examine the role of gangliosides in neuronal development. Media containing gangliosides enhanced the degree of axonal elongation exhibited by sensory ganglia neurons and increased the length and number of Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cell processes. Ganglioside-supplemented media caused a twofold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in both culture systems. These experiments suggest that gangliosides function as acceptor molecules for growth-promoting substances in embryonic and tumor-derived neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roisen, F J -- Bartfeld, H -- Nagele, R -- Yorke, G -- NS 11299/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11605/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):577-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Ganglia, Spinal/embryology ; Gangliosides/*physiology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Neurons/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 40
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: In alcoholic liver injury, necrosis is involved in the progression from benign fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, there is no practical model of alcohol-dependent liver cell necrosis. The calcium-dependent killing of cultured rat hepatocytes by two different membrane-active hepatotoxins, galactosamine and phalloidin, is potentiated by ethyl alcohol. This indicates that some general physical effect of alcohol on cellular membranes renders cells susceptible to otherwise nonlethal injuries. The in vitro model described in this report may thus be used to search for a general mechanism underlying alcohol-related tissue injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schanne, F A -- Zucker, A H -- Farber, J L -- Rubin, E -- AA 03442/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM 19154/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):338-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Synergism ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/*pathology ; Necrosis ; Phalloidine/pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Fusion of fresh lymphocytes from a Bloom syndrome (BS) patient with those of normal subjects or a BS heterozygote resulted in complete normalization of the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in the chromosomes of BS cells. This normalization took place by the first mitosis in hybrid cells. In contrast, cultivation of BS lymphocytes with those of normal subjects or the BS heterozygote had no effect on sister chromatid exchanges. The cell fusion experiments suggest that the normalization on the sister chromatid exchanges. The cell fusion experiments suggest that the normalization of the sister chromatid exchange frequencies in BS cells can be achieved by factors conserved in the cells of various mammalian species. These findings are compatible with the concept that BS is a recessive genetic mutation at regulatory levels of the DNA repair function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shiraishi, Y -- Matsui, S -- Sandberg, A A -- CA-14555/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):820-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Fusion ; Cells, Cultured ; *Crossing Over, Genetic ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; Photosensitivity Disorders/*genetics ; *Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Syndrome ; Telangiectasis/*genetics
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: Freshly isolated hepatocytes from phenobarbital-treated rats were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium with three differently acting liver cell toxins, namely carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene, and ethylmethanesulfonate. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. This result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that an influx of extracellular calcium is required as the final step in toxic liver cell injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, M T -- Thor, H -- Orrenius, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1257-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bromobenzenes/*toxicity ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/*toxicity ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/*drug effects/pathology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3079-3101 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building units for Oligosaccharides, XXIX. Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Chain of N-Acetylglucosamine, Galactose and Rhamnose of an O-Determinant from Escherichia coli. Dependence of Stereoselectivity of the α-Glycoside Synthesis on the Reactivity of the PyranosylhalideThe mercury salt catalysed reaction of substituted α-D-galactosyl halides with the reactive 4-OH groups of the rhamnosides 18 and 19 were studied. The order of reactivity of the halides increases with the following substituents: O-acetyl 〈 O-glucosyl 〈 O-benzyl. The order of selectivity, towards the α-glycoside, was the reverse. The selectivity can be improved by either decreasing the reactivity of the glycosyl halide, in the case of highly reactive hydroxyl groups, or by decreasing the nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl groups, in the case of highly reactive halides. Various trisaccharides, like 58 which represents the repeating-unit of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75, were synthesized from N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and rhamnose.
    Notes: Die Quecksilbersalz-katalysierte α-Glycosidsynthese von gemischt substituierten α-D-Galactosylhalogeniden mit den reaktiven 4-OH-Gruppen der Rhamnoside 18 und 19 wird untersucht. Die Reaktivität der Halogenide nimmt bei Anwesenheit der folgenden Substituenten zu: O-Acetyl 〈 O-Glycosyl 〈 O-Benzyl. Parallel dazu nehmen die Selektivität und der Anteil and α-Glycosid ab. Notwendige Selektivitätsverbesserungen können bei zu reaktiven OH-Gruppen durch Verminderung der Reaktivität des Glycosylhalogenids, bei zu reaktiven Glycosylhalogeniden durch Verminderung der Reaktivität der OH-Gruppe erzielt werden. Verschiedene Trisaccharideinheiten aus N-Acetylglucosamin, Galactose und Rhamnose werden synthetisiert, wobei 58 einer Teil-struktur der repeating-unit der O-Determinante des Lipopolysaccharids aus Escherichia coli O 75 entspricht.
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3115-3125 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXXI. Synthesis of the Repeating-Unit of the O-Specific Chain of the Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75Reaction of the trisaccharidehalide-block 12 with the benzyl rhamnoside 13 gave a tetrasaccharide which, after complete removal of the protecting groups, yielded the branched tetrasaccharid 1 (see german summary). This represents the repeating-unit of the O-specific chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75. A simular reaction between the block 12 and the 8-ethoxycarbonyloctyl rhamnoside 19 leads to the tetrasaccharide 20 which contains a suitable spacer-unit for coupling with a protein to give a synthetic antigen.
    Notes: Durch eine Synthese, bei der der Trisaccharidhalogenid-Block 12 verwendet wird, läßt sich nach vollständiger Entblockierung das verzweigte Tetrasaccharid erhalten, das die repeating-unit der O-spezifischen Kette des Bakteriums Escherichia coli O 75 darstellt. Durch Verknüpfung des Blocks 12 mit dem Rhamnosid 19, einem Glycosid des 8-Ethoxycarbonyloctanols, wurde das spacer-haltige Tetrasaccharid 20 synthetisiert. Dieses ist ein Hapten, das zur Anknüpfung an ein Protein und somit zur Gewinnung eines synthetischen Antigens geeignet ist.
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3549-3557 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Substituted Mononucleus Carbonyliron HydridesSubstitution of H2Fe(CO)4 by ligands like L = As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3 and P(OC6H5)3 in 1:1 ratio leads to fac monosubstituted compounds H2Fe(CO)3L. A 1:2 ratio results in the isolation of disubstituted complexes H2Fe(CO)2L2, L = P(OCH2)3CC2H5, P(OC6H5)3. The structure of H2Fe(CO)3As(C6H5)3 Was elucidated by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Substitution von H2Fe(CO)4 mit Liganden L = As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3 und P(OC6H5)3 im Molverhältnis 1:1 Führt zu fac-Monosubstitutionsverbindungen H2Fe(CO)3L. Im Verhältnis 1:2 können trans-Disubstitutionskomplexe H2Fe(CO)2L2, L = P(OCH2)3CC2H5, P(OC6H5)3, erhalten werden. Von H2Fe(CO)3As(C6H5)3 wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse ausgeführt.
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3518-3532 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. (PhO)2PO2) in the Presence of Silaethene Trapping ReagentsSilaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe32 (1), generated as a reaction intermediate by the thermal elimination of LiX from Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2, combines with the reactants a-b (e. g. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si—OMe) with insertion in the a-b bond, with a = b-c-H (e. g. CH2=CMe—CH2—H) under ene-reaction and with (e. g. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC=N) under [2 +4]-, [2 + 3]- [2 + 2]- as well as [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition. Some of the cycloadducts, so obtained, are thermolabile and decompose under cycloreversion, which may lead to the formation of 1 and also to Me2Si=NSiMe3. The following order of relative reactivity of 1-trapping reagents has been found (formation of 1 at -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-butadien 〈 2.3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSin=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3SiN=N=N.
    Notes: Das durch thermische LiX-Eliminierung aus Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 als Reaktionszwischenstufe erzeugbare Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) reagiert mit Reaktanden a-b (z. B. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si-OMe) unter Insertion in die a-b-Bindung, mit a = b-c-H (z. B. CH2 CMe—CH2—H) unter En-Reaktion und mit (z. B. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC≡N) unter [2 +4]-, [2+3]-[2 + 2]- sowie [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition ab. Die erhaltenen Cycloaddukte sind zum Teil thermolabil und zerfallen unter Cycloreversion u. a. unter Bildung von 1 sowie auch Me2Si=NSiMe3. Folgende Reihe relativer Reaktivitäten von 1-Fängern wurde gefunden (Erzeugung von 1 bei -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-Butadien 〈 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ Isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3Sin=N=N.
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3533-3548 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aliphatic Azo Compounds, XIII: cis- and trans-1-AzonorbornaneThe rates of isomerisation of cis-1-azonorbornane to the trans-isomer at 96.6°C in a series of aprotic solvents follow a linear correalation with ET30. The small slope of the correlation -0.034 argues for isomerisation via semilinearisation in agreement with theory. In protic solvents the isomerisation proceeds faster possibly due to a faster isomerisation by bond rotation which could be favoured by H-bonding. The heat and the activation parameters of the isomerisation and the activation parameters of thermal decomposition of trans-1-azonorbornane allow the construction of a complete enthalpy diagram of this system. The structure of cis-1-azonorbornane was determined by X-ray analysis at -60°C. The observed angle deformations and the normal NN-bond lengths are reproduced by force field calculations.
    Notes: Die Isomerisierungsgeschwindigkeit von cis- in trans-1-Azonorbornan (1) folgt bei 96.6°C linear dem Polaritätsparameter ET30 in verschiedenen aprotischen Lösungsmitteln. Die geringe Steigung -0.034 dieser Korrelation deutet auf einen theoretisch vorgeschlagenen einfachen Inversionsmechanismus. In protischen Lösungsmitteln verläuft die Isomerisierung viel schneller, wofür ein durch H-Drücken begünstigter Rotationsmechanismus Möglich gehalten wird. Reaktionsenthalpie und Aktivierungsparameter der cis-trans-Isomerisierung und die Aktivierungsparameter der Thermolyse von trans-1-Azonorbornan gestatten die Aufstellung eines vollständigen Enthalpiediagramms. Die Struktur von cis-1 wurde durch Röntgenanalyse bei -60°C bestimmt. Die starke Winkeldeformation und der normale NN-Abstand im Kristall werden durch Kraftfeldrechnungen richtig wiedergegeben.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metalcarbonyl Syntheses, X: Synthesis of New Niobium and Tantalum Halfsandwich Complexes. Molecular Structure of the Parent Compound (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4The halfsandwich complexes (η5-C5H4CH3)Nb(CO)4 (3a), [η5-C5(CH3)5]Nb(CO)4 (3b), (η5-C5H4CH3)Ta(CO)4 (3c), and [η5-C5(CH3)5]Ta(CO)4 (3d) are accessible by reductive high-pressure carbonylation of the corresponding NbV- and TaV precursors (η5-C5R4R′)MCl4 (2a-d). Successive introduction of methyl groups in the cyclopentadienyl ring facilitates the reduction of the halogeno complexes 2a-d; moreover, the niobium complexes are more susceptible to reduction than their tantalum counterparts. Upon photolysis of the carbonyl complexes 3a-d in tetrahydrofuran, the solvens complexes of type (η5-C5R4R′)M(CO)3(THF) (4a-d) are generated. The parent compound (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1) has a regular square-pyramidal structure as shown by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die Halbsandwich-Komplexe (η-5C5H4CH3)Nb(CO)4 (3a), [η5-C5(CH3)5]Nb(CO)4 (3b), (η5-C5H4CH3)Ta(CO)4 (3c) und [η5-C5(CH3)5]Ta(CO)4 (3d) sind durch reduzierende Hochdruckcarbonylierung der entsprechenden NbV-bzw. TaV-vorstufen (η5-C5R4R′)MCl4 (2a-d) synthetisierbar. Die Reduzierbarkeit der Halogeno-Komplexe, 2a-d, wird durch sukzessive Einführung von Methyl-Substituenten in den Cyclopentadienyl-Ring erleichtert und ist bei den Niob-Verbindungen mit milderen Reduktionsmitteln als bei den analogen Tantal-Komplexen möglich. Bei der Photolyse von 3a-d in Tetrahydrofuran entstehen die Solvens-Komplexe (η5-C5R4R′)M(CO)3(THF) (4a-d). Die Stammsubstanz (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1) wurde röntgenstrukturanalytisch untersucht und besitzt eine unverzerrt tetragonal-pyramidale Molekülstruktur.
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3572-3580 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes of Germanium Dichloride with 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane: A Semi-Chelate and A Double-Ylide1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) reacts with the germanium dichloride dioxane complex depending on the stoichiometric ratio to give a 1:2 dppe-bridged bis(germylene) complex (1) or a 1:1 complex (2) that shows equilibration of both phosphorus atoms in 31P-NMR. The crystal structure of 2 has been determined from single crystal X-ray data. The compound crystallizes with 8 units dppe-GeCl2· 1/2 C6H6 in a unit cell of symmetry A 2/a-C2h6 in a monoclinic system. The dppe-GeCl2 molecules contain a novel semi-chelating type of coordination of the dppe ligand [distorted Ψ-trigonal bipyramidal coordination at Ge11 with an exceptionally long distance Ge-P(apical)]. 2 thus represents an intermediate structure between chelate complex and phosphorus ylid.
    Notes: 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethan (dppe) reagiert mit dem Germanium(II)-chlorid-Dioxankomplex je nach Mengenverhältnis zu einem dppe-verbrückten Bis(germylen)-Komplex (1) oder zu einem 1:1-Komplex (2), der sich durch die Äquivalenz der Phosphanfunktionen in Lösung (31PNMR) auszeichnet. 2 kristallisiert mit 1/2 C6H6 monoklin mit acht Einheiten der Formal dppe-GeCl2· 1/2 C6H6 in der Elementarzelle, Raumgruppe A 2/a-C2h6. Die verzerrt Ψ-trigonal-bipyramidale Koordination um Ge11 mit ungewöhnlich langem Abstand Ge-p(apikal) weist 2 als Komplex mit halb-chelierendem dppe-Liganden aus (Zwischenstellung zwischen Chelatkomplex und einfachem \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm + } - \mathop {{\rm Ge}}\limits^{\rm - } - {\rm Ylid} $\end{document}).
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3581-3588 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Autoxidation of Trialkylboranes, II: 1H NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on the Mechanism of the Redox Reaction between Trialkylboranes und Dialkyl(alkylperoxy)boranesThe intermolecular redox reaction between dimethyl(methylperoxy)borane and [D9]trimethylborane, triethylborane, tri-n-propylborane, triisopropylborane, and tri-n-butylborane, as well as between [D9]dimethyl(methylperoxy)borane and trimethylborane was investigated directly in an NMR spectrometer. From the CIDNP effects a mechanism of this redox reaction was deduced, which can be considered as generally valid for any reaction between (alkylperoxy)boranes and alkylboranes. According to this mechanism, the alkoxy group of the peroxide is transferred to the boron atom of the alkylborane after homolysis of the O—O bond. The four-coordinate boron compound eliminates instantly an alkyl radical, which forms a radical pair in the singlet state with the boroxyle radical left after the homolysis of the peroxide.
    Notes: Die intermolekularen Redoxreaktionen Zwischen Dimethyl(methylperoxy)boran und [D9]Trimethylboran, Triethylboran, Tri-n-propylboran, Triisopropylboran und Tri-n-butylboran sowie zwischen [D9]Dimethyl(methylperoxy)boran und Trimethylboran wurden in Lösung im 1H-NMR-Spektrometer untersucht. Aus den CIDNP-Effekten wird ein allgemeingültiger Mechanismus der Redoxreaktion zwischen (Alkylperoxy)boranen und Alkylboranen abgeleitet. Danach wird in einem Stoßkomplex zwischen (Alkylperoxy)boranen und Alkylboran durch Homolyse der O—O-Bindung gezielt die Alkoxygruppe des Peroxids auf das Boratom des Alkylborans übertragen. Das vierfach koordinierte Alkoxyalkylboran stößt sofort ein Alkyl-Radikal ab, welches mit dem Boroxylradikal aus der Spaltung des Peroxids zu einem Radikalpaar mit Singulett-Konfiguration der Radikalelektronen zusammenfindet.
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  • 51
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3589-3598 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Highly Fluorinated Phosphorus Ylides and Phosphonium SaltsThe (perfluoroalkyl)iodophosphanes n-C6F13PI2 and (n-C6F13)2PI, obtained from n-C6F13I and white phosphorus at 235°C under pressure, are converted into the chlorides n-C6F13PCI2 and (n-C6F13)2PCl with HgCl2. The chlorides are methylated with LiCH3 to form the methylphosphanes n-C6F13P(CH3)2, (6) and CH3P(n-C6F13)2 (5), respectively. Only 6, but not 5, can be quaternized with CH3I to yield a phosphonium salt, [n-C6F13P(CH3)3]I (8). In reactions of 8 with strong bases no corresponding ylide is generated, but a phosphorane n-C6F13P(CH3)4 is obtained instead. More highly fluorinated phosphonium salts could not be prepared. - The Phosphanes (CH3)2PC6F5 (11) and CH3P(C6F5)2 (12) yield onium salts [(CH3)3PC6F5]X (13) and [(CH3)2P(C6F5)2]X (14), resp., when treated with methylating agents. P(C6F5)3 undergoes dearylation reactions under comparable conditions. 13 and 14 are transformed into dark red unstable ylides, which oligomerize with autocondensation and could not be identified. From 12 and C6F5CH2Br a red ylide 17 is obtained, via the onium salt 16, which can be isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. Stable yellow ylides R3P=CHC6F5 (19a-c, R = CH3, i-C3H7, C6H5) are generated similarly from the phosphonium salts [R3PCH2C6F5]Br. Reduction of the carbanion nucleophilicity by the C6F5 groups appears to prevent autocondensation in these cases.
    Notes: Die aus weißem Phosphor und n-C6F13I bei 235°C unter Druck dargestellten (Perfluoralkyl)iodphosphane n-C6F13PI2 und (n-C6F13)2PI werden mit HgCl2 in die Chloride n-C6F13PCl2 and (n-C6F13)2PCl umgewandelt und diese mit LiCH3 in die Methylphosphane n-C6F13P(CH3)2 (6) und CH3P(n-C6F13)2 (5) übergeführt. Von diesen ist nur 6 mit CH3I quartärisierbar. Das entstehende Salz [n-C6F13P(CH)3)3]I (8) ergibt mit starken Basen nicht das korrespondierende Ylid, sondern das Phosphoran n-C6F13P(CH3)4 (10). Höher fluorierte Phosphoniumsalze sind nicht zugänglich. - Die Phosphane (CH3)2PC6F5 (11) und CH3P(C6F5)2 (12) ergeben mit Methylierungsmitteln noch die Oniumsalze [(CH3)3PC6F5]X (13)bzw. [(CH3)2P(C6F5)2]X (14). P(C6F5)3 erleidet dagegen unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen eine Entarylierung. 13 und 14 werden von starken Basen in tief rote instabile Ylide übergeführt, die durch Autokondensation oligomerisieren und nicht faßbar sind. Mit C6F5CH2Br entsteht aber aus 12 über das Oniumsalz 16 ein rotes Ylid 17, das isoliert und spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden kann. Analog ergeben sich aus Salzen [R3PCH2C6F5]Br stabile gelbe Ylide R3P=CHC6F5 (19a-c, R = CH3, i-C3H7 und C6H5). Die Verminderung der Carbanion-Nucleophilie dieser Ylide durch die C6F5-Gruppe verhindert die Autokondensation.
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  • 52
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3609-3624 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidative Additions to 2-Amino-4,4,5,5-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholaneOxidative addition of HF, Cl2 and (CF3)2CO to the title compound 6 furnishes the phosphoranes 2, 9, and 3, respectively. In the case of NH4[OC(CF3)C(CF3)2OH] (4) the hydrospirophosphorane 1 is obtained via a substitution reaction followed by an oxidative addition. Compound 9 is a precursor for the aminotetraalkoxyphosphoranes 5, 8, and the very stable phosphazene 10 which is formed by loss of HCl by thermolysis. Due to a slow ligand exchange the 19F NMR spectrum of phosphorane 3 exhibits eight magnetically non equivalent CF3 groups. By means of 19F homodecoupling experiments extensive through space coupling is found in the molecule. The x-ray structure analysis of 3 shows a slight distortion from the trigonal bipyramidal geometry at phosphorus. For comparison, F2PNH2 and tBu2PNH2 react with (CF3)2 to form (CF3)2C=NH, the aminofluorophosphorane 11, F2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (13) bzw. von tBu2P(=o) (12) and tBu2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (14), respectively.
    Notes: Durch oxidative Addition von HF, Cl2 und (CF3)2CO and die Titelverbindung 6 entstehen die Phosphorane 2, 9 und 3; mit NH4[OC(CF3)2C(CF3)2OH] (4) wird unter Abspaltung von NH3 und oxidativer Addition das Hydrophosphoran 1 erhalten. Durch Substitution von Chlor lassen sich aus 9 die Aminoalkoxyphosphorane 5 und 8 synthetisieren, während die Thermolyse unter HCl-Abspaltung zu dem äußerst beständigen Phosphazen 10 führt. Verbindung 3 zeigt im 19F-NMR-Spektrum wegen eingeschränkter dynamischer Prozesse acht magnetisch nicht äquivalente CF3-Gruppen. Durch 19F-Homoentkopplungsexperimente werden weitreichende Raumkopplungen nachgewiesen. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3 ergibt eine annähernd trigonal-bipyramidale Koordination des Phosphors, F2PNH2 und tBu2PNH2, zur vergleichenden Betrachtung herangezogen, reagieren mit Hexafluoraceton unter Bildung von (CF3)2C=NH sowie des Amino-fluorphosphorans 11 und des Phosphorsäureesters F2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (13) bzw. von tBu2P(=O)H (12) und tBu2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (14).
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  • 53
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3634-3642 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6- a Gold Cluster of an Exceptional sizeThe reduction of (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene yields Au9,2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl which is characterized by means of molecular weight determinations as Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6. A simple model, based on an arrangement of close-packed gold atoms, leads to a gold cluster the structure of which is in good agreement with the unusual chemical composition. The Mößbauer spectrum of the compound shows four different kinds of gold atoms: a metallic part (Au13-nucleus), Au atoms coordinated by P(C6H5)3 and Cl ligands, resp., as well as uncoordinated surface gold. The complex can be decomposed by bromine and iodine to (C6H5)3PAuCl, (C6H5)3PAuBr(I), and metallic gold. The thermolysis at 50°C leads to [(C6H5)3P]2AuCl and gold quantitatively.
    Notes: Die Reduktion von C6H5)3PAuCl mit B2H6 in Benzol ergibt Au9,2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl, das mittels Molmassebestimmungen als Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6 charakterisiert wurde. Ein einfaches Modell, beruhend auf einer Anordnung dichtest gepackter Goldatome, führt zu einem Goldcluster, dessen Aufbau mit der ungewöhnlichen chemischen Zusammensetzung in guter Übereinstimmung ist. Das Mößbauer-Spektrum der Verbindung zeigt vier Sorten von Goldatomen: einen metallischen Anteil (Au13-Kern), durch P(C6H5)3-bzw. Cl-Liganden Koordinierte Au-Atome, sowie unkoordi-niertes Oberflächengold. Mit Brom und lod läß sich der Komplex zu (C6H5)3PAuCl, (C6H5)3 PAuBr(I) und metallischem Gold abbauen. Die Thermolyse bei 50°C führt quantitativ zu [(C6H5)3P]2AuCl und Gold.
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  • 54
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3655-3666 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyanamidium Salts: Their Formation and Molecular StructureThe hexachloroantimonate 6a, is prepared by methylation of di-tert-butylcarbodiimide. According to an X-ray analysis, 6a is not a carbodiimidium salt 1) but a cyanamidium salt with C2ν symmetry of the molecular frame. the cyanamidium salts 6a - j, are prepared either by alkylation of carbodiimides1) or by alkylation of disubstituted cyanamides. Trisubstituted ureas or their thio analogues are not suitable starting materials for the preparation of compounds 6. Reactions of the cyanamidium salts 6 with HCl, water, and diethylamine are described.
    Notes: Das durch Methylierung von Di-tert-butylcarbodiimid erhältliche Hexachloroantimonate 6a liegt nach einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse nicht als Carbodiimidium-1), sondern als Cyanamidiumsalz mit C2ν-Symmetrie des Molekülgerüstes vor. Die Cyanamidiumsalze 6a - j werden außer durch Alkylierung von Carbodiimiden 1) auch durch Alkylierung von disubstituierten Cyanamiden erhalten. Trisubstituierte Harnstoffe oder Thioharnstoffe sind keine geeigneten Ausgangsverbindungen zur Darstellung der salze 6. Es werden Umsetzungen der cyanamidiumsalze 6 mit HCl, Wasser und Diethylamin beschrieben.
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  • 55
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3674-3683 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition metal Activated Organic compounds, X: Synthesis and Properties of all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrroles)all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrroles) with 2 - 6, 8 and 16 pyrrole units (2 - 8) were synthesized by lithiation of N-methylpyrrole, subsequent reaction with transition metal halides (best yields with NiCl2 as a rule) and repetitions of these processes. These compounds are surprisingly sensitive to heat and light.
    Notes: all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrrole) mit 2 - 6, 8 und 16 Pyrroleinheiten (2 - 8) wurden durch Lithiierung von N-Methylpyrrol, Umsetzung mit Übergangsmetallhalogeniden (beste Ausbeute meist mit NiCl2) und Wiederholungen dieser Prozesse synthetisiert. Diese Verbindungen sind überraschend empfindlich gegen Hitze und Licht.
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  • 56
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3667-3673 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Activated Organic Compounds, IX: Synthesis of Polyfurans by Organometallic Oxidative Coupling2,2′- (2a) and 3,3′-bifuran (3), hitherto only accessible by ring-forming syntheses in small yields, and the unknown compounds all-α-terfuran (2b) and all-α-quaterfuran (2c) have been prepared by convenient ring-Connecting syntheses in 85, 46, 16, or 53% yield, respectively. Lithiation of 2a and subsequent reacting with iodine afforded 5-iodo-2,2′-bifuran (6b, 46%). According to competition experiments acidity against n-butyllithium is increasing in the sequence furan 〈 2a, 〈 2b.
    Notes: 2,2′ - (2a) und 3,3′-Bifuran (3), bisher nur durch ringbildende mehrstufige Synthesen in geringer Ausbeute zugänglich, sowie die noch nicht beschriebenen Verbindungen all-α-Terfuran (2b) und all-α-Quaterfuran (2c wurden durch leicht durchführbare ringverknüpfende Synthesen in 85, 46, 16 bzw. 53proz. Ausbeute erhalten. Lithiierung von 2a und Umsetzung mit Iod führte zu 5-Iod-2,2′-bifuran (6b. 46%). Durch Konkurrenzversuche wurde ansteigende Acidität gegen n-Butyllithium in der Reihe Furan 〈 2a 〈 2b festgestellt.
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  • 57
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3684-3690 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Hydrazides, XIX: Addition of Bis(diethylaluminio)-substituted Amidrazones and Carbohydrazides to NitrilesAmidrazones and carbohydrazides react with two equivalents of triethylaluminium to give bis (diethylaluminio) derivatives 1 and 7, respectively. In contrast to the corresponding mono(diethylaluminio)derivatives or disodium salts, these are capable of addition to nitriles with formation of N1-(aminomethylene)amidrazones(4; 81 - 95%) or N1-acylamidrazones (8 and 9; 56 - 85%), respectively.
    Notes: Amidrazone und Carbohydrazide reagieren mit zwei Äquivalenten Triethylaluminium zu Bis(diethylaluminio)-Derivaten 1 bzw. 7, die sich anders als die entsprechenden Mono(diethylaluminio)-Derivate oder Dinatriumsalze glatt an Nitrile addieren. Man erhält N1-(Aminomethylen)amidrazone (4; 81 - 95%) bzw. N1-Acylamidrazone (8 und 9; 56 - 85%).
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  • 58
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3737-3739 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Formation of Trichlorosulfonium (IV) Hexafluoroarsenate(V)Sulfur reacts with chlorine and arsenic Trifluoride under pressure to give [SCl3]+[AsF6]-. As an intermediate oxidizing substance [AsCI4]+ is identified by spectroscopy. Depolarization-Raman-spectra confirm the assignment made in literature.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Additions of Carboxylic Acid Dianions to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds - Control of the 1,2-/1,4-Regioselectivity by Steric substituent EffectsDilithium carboxylic acid dianions 1 attack α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (2) 1,2-regiospecifically with formation of the unsaturated β-hydroxy carboxylic acids 3/4. Additionally, the addition of the phenylacetate dianion 1a can be conducted to the threo-isomer with high selectivity by reversible reaction. - α,β-Enones (8) add 1 irreversibly in 1,2- and 1,4-position. Depending on the substitution pattern, the whole range from pure 1,2- to pure 1,4-adduct is covered. The influence of the 1-counterion M and of the solvent is significant; the 1,4-portion increases with the complexing effect of M and with the Lewis-basicity of the solvent.
    Notes: Dilithiumcarbonsäure-Dianionen 1 addieren sich an α,β-ungesättigte Aldehyde (2) 1,2-regiospezifisch unter Bildung der γ,δ-ungesättigten β-Hydroxycarbonsäuren 3/4, wobei im falle des Phenylessigsäure-Dianions (1a)die Addition durch reversible Reaktionsführung zu hoher threo -Selektivität gesteuert werden kann. - α,β-Enone (8) nehmen 1 irreversibel in 1,2- und 1,4-Position auf, wobei nach Maßgabe der Substituenten das gesamte Spektrum von reinem 1,2- zu reinem 1,4-Addukt überstrichen wird. Bei gleichbleibendem Substitutionsmuster steigt der 1,4-Anteil mit der komplexierenden Wirkung der Gegenionen von 1 und mit der Lewis-Basizität des Solvens.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3725-3736 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Medium and Large Rings, II: Cyclodecenes and Cyclodecadienes with Functional Groups by Ring Expansion of CyclooctyneThe Diels-Alder adduct 1 from cyclooctyne and diethyl 3,4-furandicarboxylate gives by photolysis and subseqent thermolysis of the resulting oxaquadricyclane 2 the β,β′-bridged hexano-oxepin 3. Oxidative cleavage of one C=C double bond of 3 leads to the monocyclic cyclodecenone derivative 5 which can be converted to cyclodecadienes of the type 6 with an anellated butenolide ring. 6a - c, are chiral butadiene derivatives. 6a can be cleaved with acid or base to give the cyclodecenone 7 or the dicarboxylic acid 8.
    Notes: Das Diels-Alder-Addukt 1 aus cyclooctin und 3,4-Furandicarbonsäure-diethylester liefert durch Photolyse und anschließende Thermolyse des Oxaquadricyclans 2 das β,β′-überbrückte hexanooxepin 3. Die oxidative Spaltung einer C=C-Doppelbindung von3 führt zum monocyclischen cyclodecenon 5, das sich zu Cyclodecadienen des Typs 6 mit anelliertem Butenolidring abwandeln läßt. 6a - c enthalten eine chirale Butadien-Struktur. Durch Keton- bzw. Säurespaltung von 6a erhält man das Cyclodecenon 7 bzw. die Dicarbonsäure 8. Mögliche Anwendungen des Verfahrens, das die Einführung von funktionellen Gruppen an vier benachbarten C-Atomen des Zehnringes erlaubt, werden besprochen.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Linear Oligophosphaalkanes, III: Syntheses and stereochemistry of Palladium (II) Complexes of chiral Tetraphosphaalkanes H2-nRnP—[CH2]3 — PR′ — [CH2]m — PR′ — [CH2]3 — PRnH2-n(R, R′, = Me, tBu; m = 2, 3; n = 1, 2)The reaction of the chiral tetradentate ligands L of the title with K2PdCl4 affords the complexes Pd(L)Cl2 (2a - e), which for n = 1 may exist as ten (square pyramidal) or six (square planar coordination geometry) isomers. By suitable choice of the substituents R and size of the chelate rings (m + 3) the number of isomers may be reduced to two or three. The detailed investigation of the complexes 2a - e by means of 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy offers the possibility to identify their stereochemistry. - Monodeprotonation of 2a (R = Me; m = 3; n = 1) and 2d (R = Me; m = 2; n = 1) by KOH or the OH- Form of anion exchange resin yields the phosphido complexes 3a and d (not isolated). Both compounds are oxidized by air with formation of the phosphanoxidophosphane complexes 4a and d, which exist as two or three configurational isomers with units Pd—P(O)Me—.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der im Titel genannten vierzähnigen Liganden L mit k2PdCl4 liefert die Komplexe Pd(L)Cl2(2a-e)w, die für n = 1 in Form von zehn (quadratisch pyramidale Ligandenanordnung) bzw. sechs (planare Koordinationsgeometrie) Konfigurationsisomeren vorliegen können. Durch geeignete Wahl der substituenten R und der Chelatringgröße (m + 3) läßt sich die Zahl der Isomeren auf zwei bzw. drei reduzieren. Die detaillierte 31P{1H}-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung der Komplexe 2a - e erlaubt die Identifizierung der Stereochemie der Isomeren. - Die durch Monodeprotonierung von 2a (R = Me; m = 3; n = 1) und 2d(R = Me; m = 2; n = 1) mit KOH oder der OH- -Form eines Anionentauschers gebildeten Phosphidokomplexe 3a and d werden durch Luftsauerstoff zu den phosphanoxidophosphan-komplexen 4a und d oxidiert, bei denen zwei bzw. drei Konfigurationsisomere mit P-gebundenen Phosphanoxido-Einheiten Pd—P(O)Me— vorliegen.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3599-3608 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines (Aziranes), XXVI: Amine Catalyzed Amidoethylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Simple Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylateEsters of nonsubstituted and monosubstituted malonic, cyanoacetic, and β-keto acids are easily C-amidoethylated by N-acylaziridines in the presence of triethylamine. In this amine catalyzed reaction the acylaziridines show different degrees of reactivity. Often the products cannot be obtained by the known amidoethylation procedure or but in smaller yields. The new product 3g may smoothly be converted to the pyrroline 9 and further to the 2-methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylate 10. - Divergent from earlier results, the primary amidoethylation product can be isolated from the known sodium salt reaction of tert-butyl acetoacetate with nonbulky acylaziridines. This product is cleaved by trifluoroacetic acid with remarkable easiness to yield the corresponding amidoethyl derivative of acetone.
    Notes: Unsubstituierte und monosubstituierte Malonester, Cyanessigester und β-Ketoester werden in Gegenwart von Triethylamin durch N-Acylaziridine leicht am C amidoethyliert, dabei zeigt sich eine Reaktivitätsabstufung der N-Acylaziridine. Die Produkte sind oft durch die bisher bekannte Amidoethylierung nicht oder nicht in so guten Ausbeuten zugänglich. Das neue Produkt 3g läßt sich glatt zum Pyrrolin 9 und weiter zum 2-Methylpyrrol-1,3-dicarbonester 10 umwandeln. - Abweichend von bisherigen Ergebnissen kann man aus Acetessigsäure-tert-butylester nach der bekannten Natriumsalzmethode auch mit nichtsperrigen Acylaziridinen das Primärprodukt fassen, das mit Trifluoressigsäure bemerkenswert leicht zum entsprechenden Amidoethylderivat des Acetons gespalten wird.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3643-3654 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical Syntheses, XVIII: Reactions of the Radical Cation of Naphthalene with NucleophilesSolid naphthalene radical cation hexafluorophosphate at -77°C reacts with tetrabutylammonium cyanide, acetate, thiocyanate, and chloride in dichloromethane in up to 38% current efficiency referred to the corresponding naphthalene derivatives.
    Notes: Festes Naphthalinradikalkation-hexafluorophosphat reagiert bei -77°C in Dichlormethan mit Tetrabutylammonium-cyanid,- acetat, -thiocyanat und -chlorid mit bis zu 38% Stromausbeute zu den entsprechenden Naphthalinderivaten.
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Rearrangements of Vinylogous Acyl Chlorides, XXX: Thermal Rearrangements of Chloro- and Organylthio-substituted (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-Pentadienals and -ones to (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-PentadienethioatesThe pentadienals 2 are prepared by reduction of the corresponding acyl Chlorides 1. The ketone 2d is synthesized from 1b with lithium tert-butyl(phenylthio)cuprate. Elimination of methyl chloride and cyclization occurs on treatment of 1a with AlCl3 giving the 2H-thiopyran-2-one 8. In boiling carbontetrachloride the aldehydes 2 rearrange by 1,5-chlorine shift completely and stereospecifically into the thioates 3. The analogous reaction 2d → 3d is no stereospecific. As expected, compounds 2 and 3 may be converted into the same 4H-pyran-4-ones 6. The rearrangement 2 → 3 is accelerated by RS-groups instead of chlorine in the 5-position and decelerated in the 3-position. The substituent influences and the reaction mechanism are discussed.
    Notes: Die Pentadienale 2 werden durch Reduktion der entsprechenden Säurechloride 1, dargestellt. Das Keton 2d wird aus 1b mit Lithium-tert-butyl(phenylthio)cuprat synthetisiert. 1a spaltet unter der Wirkung von AlCl3 Methylchlorid ab und cyclisiert zum 2H-Thiopyran-2-on 8. Die Aldehyde 2 lagern sich in siedendem Tetrachlorkohlenstoff unter 1,5-Chlorwanderung vollständig und stereospezifisch in die Thioester 3 um. Die analoge Reaktion 2d → 3d ist nicht stereospezifisch. Erwartungsgemäß liefern die Verbindungen 2 und 3 die gleichen 4H-Pyran-4-one 6. Die Umlagerung 2 → 3 wird durch RS-Gruppen an Stelle von Chloratomen in 5-Stellung beschleunigt und in 3-Stellung verlangsamt. Die Substituenteneinflüsse und der Reaktionsmechanismus werden diskutiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3741-3750 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Profile of the o-Quinodimethane ⇄ Benzocyclobutene Equilibrium, IIThe kinetics of the decomposition of keton 3 yielding o-quinodimethane (2) (Ea = 25.6 kcal/mol; A = 3.1 × 1013s-1) and its cyclisation to benzocyclobutene (1) (Ea = 26.9 kcal/mol; A = 2.1 × 1012 S-1) is measured by shock tube technic. From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium 1 ⇄ 2 which is studied by the same method, the enthalpy of formation of o-quinodimethane 2 is established to be ΔHfo (g) = 60.8 kcal/mol.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Stoßrohr-Technik werden ausgehend vom Keton 3 Aktivierungsparameter für die Bildung des o-Chinodimethans (2) (Ea = 25.6kcal/mol; A = 3.1 × 10 13 S-1) und dessen Weiterreaktion zum Benzocyclobuten (1) (Ea = 26.9 kcal/mol; A = 2.1 × 1012 S-1) bestimmt. Mit der gleichen Technik wird aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Gleichgewichtes 1 ⇄ 2 die Bildungsenthalpie des o-Chinodimethans (2) zu ΔHfo (g) = 60.8 kcal/mol abgeleitet.
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  • 67
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3751-3771 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereoisomerization of Ketene IminesBarriers to racemization in solution of the ketene imines 1a-y and X-ray structures of the ketene imines 1s and z are described. Similar to allenes all ketene imines have dihedral angles of 90° between the C-and N-substituents. The barriers to racemization range from 30 to 63 kJmol-1 and are lowered by electron attracting substituents on C and N. The barriers of m-and p-substituted N-arylketene imines give a linear Hammett correlation with σ- constants. N-Arylketene imines racemize through inversion at nitrogen and simultaneous rotation of the aryl group around the N- aryl bond.
    Notes: Es werden Racemisierungsbarrieren der Ketenimine 1a-y in Lösung und Röntgenstrukturanalysen der Ketenimine 1s und z beschrieben. Alle Ketenimine haben ein allenartig gewinkeltes Molekülgerüst mit Torsionswinkeln von 90° zwischen den C- und N-Substituenten. Die Racemisierungsbarrieren (ΔG≠) liegen zwischen 30 und 63 KJmol -1 und werden durch elektronenziehende Substituenten am C- und N-Ende erniedrigt. Die Racemisierungsbarrieren m-und p-substituierter N-Arylketenimine korrelieren nach Hammett linear mit σ- - Werten. N-Arylketenimine racemisieren durch inversion am Stickstoff und synchrone Rotation des Arylrestes um die N-Arylbindung.
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  • 68
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3772-3788 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkynes and Cumulenes, XV: On the Photodimerization of Conjugated EnynesOn irradiation in the presence of triplet sensitizers having a triplet energy 〉 250 KJ/mol, vinylacetylene (1a) dimerizes to cis-and trans-1,2-diethynylcyclobutane (cis and trans-2) as well as minor amounts of 4-ethynyl-1-vinylcyclobutene (3). The effect of substituents on the course of the reaction is investigated: whereas alkyl, vinyl, and phenyl substituents, respectively, in the 4-position of 1a do not influence the photoaddition, 2-substituted enynes yield the corresponding cyclobutanes in poor yields only. Finally, 1-substituted vinylacetylenes (besides the substituents mentioned above the influence of ethynyl, chloro, and methoxy groups has been investigated) do not provide photodimers; they are cis-trans-isomerized instead. The mechanism of the photoaddition is discussed.
    Notes: Vinylacetylen (1a) dimerisiert bie Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Triplettsensibilisatoren mit einer Triplettenergie 〉 250 KJ/mol zu cis- und trans-1,2-Diethinylcyclobutan (cis- und trans-2) sowie kleineren Mengen an 4-Ethinyl-1-vinylcyclobuten (3). Die Auswirkung von Substituenten auf diese Reaktion wird untersucht: während Alkyl-, Vinyl- und Phenylsubstituenten in 4-Stellung von 1a keinen Einfluß auf die Photoaddition haben, dimerisieren 2-substituierte Enine nur noch in schlechten Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Cyclobutanen. Schließlich bilden. 1-Substituierte Vinylacetylene (außer den obigen Substituenten wurde der Einfluß von Ethinyl-, Chlor - und Methoxyresten untersucht) keine Photodimeren, sondern werden lediglich cis-trans-isomerisiert. Der Mechanismus der Photoaddition wird diskutiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3831-3854 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Migration Aptitudes of Cyclic, Polycyclic, and Branched Alkyl Groups in the Beckmann RearrangementsThe migration aptitudes of polycyclic bridgehead groups, cycloalkyl groups as well as of β-γ-and δ-branched alkyl groups in the Chapman variant of the Beckmann rearrangement were determined. From these data it is concluded that at transition state 2 the migrating group is not resembling a planarised carbenium ion R+, but rather a pentacoordinated carbonium ion structure. Because only small geometrical changes occur in the migrating group vertical stabilisation4) of charge at transition state is believed to have significant influence on the migration aptitudes.
    Notes: Die Wanderungstendenzen von polycyclischen Brückenkopfresten, Cycloalkylresten sowie β, γ-und -δ-verzweigten Alkylresten bei der Chapman-Variante der Beckmann-Umlagerung wurden bestimmt. Sie zeigen, daß die wandernde Gruppe im Übergangszustand 2 nicht Carbenium-Ionen-Charakter hat, sondern nach weitgehender Beibehaltung ihrer Geometrie eher einer Fünffach koordinierten Carboniumstruktur entspricht, die im Zuge der Umlagerungsreaktion vertikal stabilisiert4 werden kann.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3789-3800 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From Ion Pairs to Radical Complexes: Coordination Compounds of Reduced 2,2′-Bipyridine with Organometallic CationsReduced 2,2′-bipyridine, bipy-·, forms paramagnetic complexes with organometallic cations RnM+ containing metals of the first three groups of the periodic system (n = 0, 1,2). The persistent radicals [RnM)bipy]· have been identified and studied by high resolution electron spin resonance. Their ESR coupling constants can be correlated excellently with results from HMO calculations and exhibit a typical sequence of cations RnM+: K+, Na+, Li+, PhMg+, PhZn+, Me2Ga+, PhBe+, Ph2B+, R2Al+. This series exemplifies the continuous variation from genuine paramagnetic „ion pairs“ mostly covalently bonded radical complexes.
    Notes: Reduziertes 2,2′-Bipyridin, bipy-·, bildet paramagnetische Komplexe mit metallorganischen Kationen RnM+ aus den ersten drei Gruppen des Periodensystems (n = 0, 1, 2). Die beständigen Radikale [(RnM) bipy]· lassen sich durch hochauflösende Elektronenspinresonanz nachweisen und untersuchen. Ihre ESR-Kopplungskonstanten können vorzüglich mit den Ergebnissen von HMO-Berechnungen korreliert werden, man erhält so eine charakteristische Reihenfolge der Kationen RnM+: K+, Na+, Li+, PhMg+, PhZn+, Me2Ga+, PhBe+, Ph2B+, R2Al+. Diese Serie überdeckt lückenlos den Bereich von echten, paramagnetischen „Ionenpaaren“ bis hin zu überwiegend kovalent aufgebauten Radikalkomplexen.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3801-3812 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Imides and Borylnitrenes by Decomposition of DiaminoazidoboranesGas phase thermolysis of azidoboranes (R2N)2BN3 (1a, b) at 450-485°C gives the products 2a (by retro ene-reaction) and 4b (by intramolecular 1,2-alkylohydrogenation), respectively, both from boron imides R2N—B=N—NR2 (9a, b) as intermediates; furthermore, 3a is isolated from the thermolysis of 1a via a borylnitrene (R2N)2B—N by intramolecular 1,1-alkylohydrogenation. The photolysis of 1a, b generates the borylnitrenes 10a, b as intermediates, which are stabilized by an intermolecular reaction to 7a and 8b, respectively; the nitrene 10a can be trapped by ethyloboration with BEt3.
    Notes: Bei der Gasphasenthermolyse der Azidoborane (R2N)2BN3 (1a, b) bei 450-485°C erhält man Produkte 2a bzw. 4b, die aus den Borimiden R2N — B = N — NR2 (9a, b) durch eine Retro-En-Reaktion bzw. durch eine intramolekulare 1,2-Alkylohydrierung der B=N-Bindung hervorgehen; die Thermolyse von 1a führt daneben zu 3a, einem Folgeprodukt der intramolekularen 1,1-Alkylohydrierung des entsprechenden Borylnitrens (R2N)2B—N. Die Photolyse von 1a, b ergibt die Borylnitrene 10a, b als Zwischenstufen, die intermolekular zu 7a bzw. 8b weiterreagieren; das Nitren 10a läßt sich mit BEt3 durch Ethyloborierung abfangen.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3813-3830 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Migration of Alkyl Group in Sextett RearrangementsThe migration aptitude of alkyl groups in the Beckmann-, the Criegee-, and the isonitrile-nitrile rearrangements were investigated. The relative rearrangement rates of substituted benzyl groups are an expression of the charge on the migrating carbon at transition state. From the relative rates of migration of exo- and endo- 2- norbornyl group the geometrical changes at the migrating carbon are estimated. Finally, The different influence of α-branching in the migrating group is discussed for these and some other rearrangements.
    Notes: Die Wanderungstendenzen von Alkylgruppen bei der Beckmann- Criegee- und Isonitril-Nitril-Umlagerung werden untersucht. Aus den relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der substituierten Benzylreste werden Rückschlüsse auf die Ladungsverteilung im Übergangszustand dieser Reaktionen gezogen und aus dem Verhältnis der Wanderungstendenzen des exo und endo- 2- Norbornylrestes auf die Geometrie der wandernden Gruppe im Übergangszustand. Der in verschiedenen Sextettumlagerungen unterschiedliche Einfluß der α-Methylverzweigung in der wandernden Gruppe wird interpretiert.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reaction with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XXI: Ring Contraction, Crystal Structures, Properties, and Stability of ManganacycloalkanesWhen the manganacyclohexane derivative (1) is warmed in a sealed tube to 100°C in n-hexane it is changed, probably via a hydridic alkenyl step, to the ring-contracted cyclopentane (2). Crystals of 1 and 2 are orthorhombic and monoclinic, space groups P212121 and P21/c, respectively, with Z = 4. In the Mn — C σ bond of 2 CO and SO2 can be inserted with formation of the cyclic compounds (3) and (4).
    Notes: Das Manganacyclohexan-Derivat (1) lagert sich beim Erwärmen im Einschlußrohr auf 100°C in n-Hexan, wahrscheinlich über eine hydridische Alkenylstufe, zum ringverengten Cyclopentan (2) um. 1 und 2 kristallisieren orthorhombisch bzw. monoklin in den Raumgruppen P212121 bzw. P21/c mit Z = 4. In die Mn — C-σ-Bindung von 2 läßt sich CO und SO2 einschieben unter Bildung der cyclischen Verbindungen (3) und (4).
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3863-3877 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Monohydrazones of Dicarbonyl Compounds, X: 2-(Dimethylhydrazono)propanal as a Reagent for the Synthesis of 1,4-DiketonesMonohydrazones 7 of unsaturated 1,4-diketones can be prepared by the reaction of methyleneactive ketones 1a-x with 2-(dimethylhydrazono)propanal (5a). From these products unsaturated 8 and saturated 1,4-diketones (9) are obtained in high yield. Reduction of the diketone monodimethylhydrazones 7g, h, i, p, q with sodium borohydride and subsequent hydrolysis leads to the formation of furans 23and/or N-aminopyrroles 24. The synthesis of a Δ1-pyrrolin 30, which was isolated from the poison gland of the South African thief ant Solenopsis punctaticeps is described7.
    Notes: 2-(Dimethylhydrazono)propanal (5a) läßt sich mit CH-aciden Verbindungen 1a-x, die eine α-ständige Methylengruppe enthalten, zu Hydrazonopropyliden-Derivaten 7a-x umsetzen. Durch Hydrolyse erhält man ungesättigte, 1,4-Diketone 8 und durch deren Reduktion gesättigte 1,4-Diketone 9. Die Monohydrazone 7g, h, i, p, q ergeben nach Borhydrid-Reduktion und Hydrolyse Furane 23 und / oder N-Aminopyrrole 24. Katalytische Hydrierung des Diketon-monodimethyl hydrazons 29 liefert das Δ1-pyrrolin 30, ein Abwehrstoff der aus der Giftdrüse der südafrikanischen Feuerameise Solenopsis punctaticeps isoliert wurde7.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3070-3078 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular and Crystal Structures of Two Carbodiphosphoranes with P—C—P Bond Angles Near 120°sym-Dimethyltetraphenylcarbodiphosphorane (1) and the cyclic carbodiphosphorane 2 show in the crystalline state the smallest P=C=P bond angles (121.8(3) and 116.7 (7)°, respectively) observed so far among compounds of this type. The lengths of the ylidic P=C bonds (164.8 (4) pm in 1, 164.5 (12) and 165.3 (14) pm in 2) are within the double bond range. In 1 two phenyl rings are parallel with a mutual distance of 328 pm; in the crystal phenyl ring layers are formed. This favourable packing of the phenyl groups should be the reason for the small P—C—P bond angle, whose easy bending is thus demonstrated again.
    Notes: sym-Dimethyltetraphenylcarbodiphosphoran (1) und das cyclische Carbodiphosphoran 2 haben im Kristall mit 121.8 (3) bzw. 116.7 (7)° die kleinsten P=C=P-Bindungswinkel, die bisher bei Vertretern dieser Verbindungsklasse gefunden wurden. Die ylidischen P=C-Bindungslängen (164.8 (4) pm bei 1, 164.5 (12) bzw. 165.3 (14) pm bei 2) liegen im Doppelbindungsbereich. Bei 1 sind zwei Phenylringe mit einem Abstand von 328 pm parallel zueinander; im Kristall bilden sich Phenylring-Schichten aus. Diese günstige Packung der Phenylgruppen dürfte die Ursache für den kleinen P—C—P-Bindungswinkel sein, dessen leichte Deformierbarkeit damit erneut unter Beweis gestellt wird.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 227-231 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Naturally Occuring Terpene Derivatives, 3061) Synthesis of a Furan Sesquiterpene from Eumorphia prostataStarting with 5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) through the intermediate 4 the cyclopentene carbaldyhydes 5 und 6 were synthesized. Wittig reaction led to the epimeric nitriles 7 und 8, which after conversion to the aldehydes 9 and 10 on reaction with β-furyllithium afforded the carbinols 11 and 12. Manganese dioxide oxidation yielded the ketones 13 and 14, their spectral data being in agreement with those of the natural compounds.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 5-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on (1) werden über das Zwischenprodukt 4 die Cyclopentancarbaldehyde 5 und 6 synthetisiert. Wittig-Reaktion führt zu den epimeren Nitrilen 7 und 8, die nach Überführung in die Aldehyde 9 und 10 durch Reaktion mit β-Furyllithium die Carbinole 11 und 12 liefern. Mangandioxid-Oxidation gibt die Ketone 13 und 14, deren spektroskopischen Daten mit denen der Naturstoffe übereinstimmen.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 246-253 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Benzofuroxan with KetonesReaction of branched-chain ketones 4 with benzofuroxan (1) in the presence of ammonia yields o-quinoid 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-2,3,3-trialkylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides 6. The same procedure with KOH catalysis gives the corresponding 2-hydroxy compounds. A synthesis of spiro compounds 16 by using acetylcycloalkanes 15 in this reaction is described. Under different reaction conditions. the reduction products of these compounds were 1,2-dihydro-2,2,3-trialkyl-1-quinoxalinol 4-oxides 19, 22, 23, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2,3-trialkylquinoxalines 21, 24, 25 and 1,2-dihydro-2,2,3-trialkylquinoxalines 20, 26.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von verzweigten Ketonen 4 mit Benzofuroxan (1) in Gegenwart von Ammoniak werden o-chinoide 2-Amino-2,3-dihydro-2,3,3,-trialkylchinoxalin-1,4-dioxide (6), in Gegenwart von KOH die analogen 2-Hydroxyverbindungen erhalten. Der Einsatz von Acetylcycloalkanen (15) führt zur Synthese von Spiroverbindungen 16. Als Reduktionsprodukte der genannten Verbindungen werden 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,3-trialkyl-1-chinoxalinol-4-oxide 19, 22, 23, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,2,3-trialkylchinoxaline 21, 24, 25 und 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,3-trialkylchinoxaline 20, 26 bei unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen erhalten.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 254-266 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses ESR, and ENDOR Studies of Highly Twisted Phenyl Substituted Radical AnionsThe synthesis of a variety of phenyl substituted and partially deuterated derivatives of anthracene. naphthalene benzo[b]triphenylene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene is given. By performing ESR, ENDOR, and TRIPLE experiments the hyperfine coupling constants, including their signs, of the respective radical anions are determined. Regarding the spin distributions within the phenyl substituents it is shown that the conventional sequence of the hyperfine couplings |HparaH|≥ |HaorthoH| 〉 |HmetaH| is not always valid. These results are interpreted in terms of a significant π-σ-mixing, i. e. a phenyl hyperconjugation effect.
    Notes: Die Synthese phenylsubstituierter, zum Teil deuterierter Abkömmlinge des Anthracens, des Naphthalins, des Benzo[b]triphenylens und des Benzo[k]fluoranthens wird beschrieben. Mit Hilfe von ESR-, ENDOR- und TRIPLE-Experimenten werden die Hyperfeinkopplungskonstanten der korrespondierenden Radikalanionen einschließlich ihrer relativen Vorzeichen bestimmt und den jeweiligen Molekülpositionen zugeordnet. Für einige der untersuchten Systeme wird gezeigt, daß in der Spindichteverteilung der Phenylsubstituenten verdrillungsbedingte Abweichungen von der konventionellen Sequenz |HparaH|≥ |HaorthoH| 〉 |HmetaH| auftreten, die mit einer Phenylhyperkonjugation gedeutet werden können.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 298-305 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Imides from the Thermal Decomposition of Dialkyl[sily(silyloxy)amino]boranesDialkyl[trimethylsilyl)(trimethylsilyloxy)amino]boranes R2B—N(OSiMe3SiMe3 (1a-c), prepared from (Me3Si)2N—OSiMe3 and R2BCl, can be thermolyzed in the liquid phase at 70°C to form (Me3SI)2O and a mixture of R2B—NR—Br—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (2a-c) and (RBNR)3 (3a-c). In the presence of an excess of BR′3, 1b, c can be transformed into (Me3Si)2O and diborylamines RR′B—NR—BR′2 (4b), c, (Me3Si)2O and a mixture of (RBNR)3 and polymer material are formed from the gas-phase thermolysis of 1b, c at 270°C The polymer (EtBNEt)n depolymerizes to the borazine 3b above 150°C. An intermediate from the gas-phase thermolysis of 1b can be trapped by liquid 1c, yielding 2c, A. conclusive explanation of all these observation is possible by the assumption that boron imides RB—NR(5a-c) occur as intermediates.
    Notes: Die aus (Me3Si)2N-OSiMe3 und R2BCl zugänglichen Dialkyl[trimethylsilyl)(trimethylsilyloxy)amino]borane R2B—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (1a-c zerfallen in flüssiger Phase bei 70°C unter Abspaltung von (Me3Si)2O in ein Gemisch aus R2B—NR—BR—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (2a-c) und (RBNR)3 (3a-c). Im Überschuß von BR′3 erhält man aus 1b, c neben (Me3Si)2O die Diborylamine RR′B—NR—BR′2 (4b-c). In der Gasphase entstehen bei 270°C aus 1b, c (Me3Si)2O und ein Gemisch aus (RBNR)3 und Polymeren. Das Polymere (EtBNEt)n depolymerisiert oberhalb 150°C zu 3b. Flüssiges 1c regiert mit einer aus 1b durch Gasphasenthermolyse gebildeten Zwischenstufe zum Abfangprodukt 2c′. Einer geschlossenen Deutung aller Befunde liegt die Annahme von Borimiden RB—NR (5a-c) als Zwischenstufen zugrunde.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 322-332 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXI1) Syntheses of Gentamicin X2 and Gentamicins Modified At C-4′ and C-3′The garamine derivative 18 can be coupled with the β-chloride 15 of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose to 20 from which, by deblocking procedure, gentamicin X2 (23) is available. In the same manner the 4′-amino- and 4′-chloro compound 24 and 25, resp., can be obtained. Coupling of 26 with 19 gives the product 27 from which the derivative 28 of gentamicin, modified at C-3′, is prepared.
    Notes: Das Garamin-Derivat 18 läßt sich mit dem β-Chlorid 15 der 2-Azido-2-desoxy-D-glucose zu 20 kuppeln, aus dem durch Entblockierung Gentamicin X2 (23) erhältlich ist. Auf gleichem Wege ist die 4′-Amino- und 4′-Chlorverbindung 24 bzw. 25 zu gewinnen. Ein am C-3′ modifiziertes Derivat 28 des Gentamicins ist nach Kupplung von 26 mit 19 aus dem Produkt 27 zugänglich.
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  • 81
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 306-321 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XX1) Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Determinants of Blood Group Substances of Type 2 of the ABH System. Discussion of α-Glycoside SynthesisThe antigenic determinants of type 2 of blood-group substances A and B (23 and 24) (see German Summary) as well as blood-group substance H (17) were synthesized by selective glycosidation reactions combined with a series of blocking and deblocking steps. The possibilities and optimization of the α-glycoside synthesis are discussed. In hemagglutination inhibition tests the synthetic haptens A and B of type 2 and type 1 show a similar selective inhibitory effect. In case of hapten H, however, great differences can be observed. Here the type 2 exhibited a strong inhibition activity, whereas type 1 only showed an extremely low activity. The leads to the conclusion that in the determinants of the ABH-system on the surface of erythrocytes the chemical structure of type 2 is predominating.
    Notes: Durch eine Folge von selektiven Glycosid-Synthesen, kombiniert mit einer Serie von Blockierungs-und Entblockierungsschritten wurden die Determinanten der Type 2 der Blutgruppensubstanzen A und B und H α-L-Fuc-(1-2)-β-D-Gal-(1-4)-D-GlcNac (17) synthetisiert. Die Möglichkeiten und die Optimierung der α-Glycosid-Synthese werden diskutiert. Im Hämagglutinations-Inhibitionstest zeigen die synthetischen Haptene A und B der Type 2 und Type 1 eine ähnliche selektive Hemmwirkung. Starke Unterschiede sind aber beim Hapten H zu beobachten. Hier hemmt die Type 2 sehr stark, die Type 1 dagegen äußerst schwach. Hieraus ist zu schließen, daß in den Oberflächendeterminanten des ABH-Systems der Erythrozyten die chemische Struktur der Type 2 dominiert.
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  • 82
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 292-297 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Optically Active Trogoderma pheromones by Kolbe-Electrolysis1)The (R)-(-)-enantiomers of (Z)- (1) and (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol (2) have been synthesized by coelectrolysis of (R)-(-)-4-methylhexanoic acid (7) with 12-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)-4-dodecynoic acid (8) and its subsequent hydrogenation. The acid 7 was prepared in high optical purity from (S)-(-)-citronellol (3) by conversion of the hydroxyl group to a methyl substituent and subsequent clevage of (R)-(-)2,6-dimethyl-2-octene (4) with ozone. By alkylation of 4-pentynoic acid (5) with 1-bromo-7-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)heptane (6) the alkynoic acid 8 was synthesized.
    Notes: Die (R)-(-) Enantiomeren des (Z)- (1) und (E)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ols (2) wurden durch Coelektrolyse von (R)-(-)-4-Methylhexansäure (7) mit 12-(Tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy)-4-dodecinsäure (8) und nachfolgende Hydrierung synthetisiert. Die Säure 7 wird in hoher optischer Reinheit ausgehend von (S)-(-)-Citronellol (3) durch Reduktion der Alkoholfunktion zur Methylgruppe und anschließende ozonolytische Spaltung des (R)-(-)-2,6-Dimethyl-2-octens (4) gewonnen. Durch Alkylierung von 4-Pentinsäure (5) mit 1-Brom 7-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) heptan (6) läßt sich die Alkinsäure 8 darstellen.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 333-345 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXII1) Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Sequence α-D-GlcNAc(1→4)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-GlcNac of Blood Group Active SubstancesA directly stereoselective α-glycoside synthesis to oligosaccharides succeeds in the presence of AgClO4/Ag2CO3 in methylene chloride with the α-bromide 1 of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose. By reaction with 1 the disaccharides 3, 7a, 7b, 18 and the trisaccharide 24 are obtainable. Deblocking of 7 yields free α-D-GlcNAc(1→4)-D-Gal (11) and that of 24 free α-G-GlcNAc-(1→4)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc (27).
    Notes: Eine direkte stereoselektive α-Glycosid-synthese zu Oligosacchariden gelingt mit dem α-Bromid 1 der 2-Azido-2-desoxy-D-glucose bei Gegenwart von AgCIO4/Ag2CO3 in Methylenchlorid. Durch Umsetzung mit 1 lassen sich die Disaccharide 3, 7a, 7b, 18 und das Trisaccharid 24 gewinnen. Die Entblockierung von 7 liefert freies α-D-GlcNac-(1→4)D-Gal (11), die von 24 freies α-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)β-Gal-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc (27).
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 495-504 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of 1,3,2-Diazaboroline Complexes1,3-Ditert-butyl-2-methyl-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaboroline (1a) and 2-methyl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaboroline (1b) react with (CH3CN)3Cr(CO)3 to form the diazaboroline complexes(ring)-Cr(CO)3 (2a,b). The Synthesis of 2a also succeeds with Cr(CO)6 and 1a by UV irradiation or thermically. The diazaborolines 1a and 1b serve as 6π-electron donors. In contrast, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaboroline (1c) is coordinated to the Cr(CO)3 group via one of the phenyl rings (2c). P(C6H5)3 substitutes the diazaboroline in 2a to form (CO)4CrP(C6H5)3]2, whereas NO+ displaces one CO group to give dicarbonyl[η5-(1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1, 3,2-diazaboroline)]nitrosylchromium-hexafluorophosphate (3). Mesitylene substitutes the diazaboroline ring, while hexamethylborazine starts no reaction. As a result of IR, 1H-, 11B-, 13C-NMR as well as mass spectroscopic investigations, proposals for the molecular are made.
    Notes: 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-2-methyl-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaborolin (1a) und 2-Methyl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaborolin (1b) reagieren mit (CH3CN)6Cr(CO)3 zu den Diazaborolinkomplexen (Ring)-Cr(CO)3 (2a,b). Die Synthese von 2a gelingt auch aus Cr(CO)3 und 1a durch UV-Bestrahlung oder thermisch. Die Diazaboroline 1a und 1b dienen als 6π-Elektronendonatoren. Im Gegensatz dazu wird 2,4, 5-Trimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-Δ4-1,3,2-diazaborolin (1c) über einen der Phenylringe an die Cr(CO)3-Gruppe koordiniert (2c). P(C6H5)3 substituiert in 2a das Diazaborolin und bildet (CO)4Cr[P(C6H5)3]2, während NO+ eine CO-Gruppe verdrängt und Dicarbonyl[η5-(1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1,3,2-diazaborolin)nitrosylchrom-hexafluorophosphat (3) ergibt. Mesitylen substituiert den Diazaborolinring, wogegen Hexamethylborazin keine Reaktion auslöst. Aufgrund von IR-, 1H-, 11B-, 13C-NMR-sowie massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen werden Vorschläge für die Molekülstrukturen gemacht.
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  • 85
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Redox Chemistry of Ligand Bridged Trinuclear ClustersThe redox properties of seven trinuclear clusters with two triply bridging ligands of the general formula (LnM)3 E2(1a-g) were determined electrochemically. Oxidation states differing by up to six units were accessible, and up to four oxidations states were stable. The possibility and reversibility of the redox steps depend on he types of ligands and on the number of valence electrons present.
    Notes: Die Redoxeigenschaften sieben dreikerniger Cluster mit zwei dreifach verbrückenden Liganden der allgemeinen Formel (LnM)3 E2 (1a-g) wurden elektrochemisch bestimmt. Oxidationsstufen, die sich um bis zu sechs Ladungen unterscheiden, waren erreichbar, und bis zu vier Oxidationsstufen waren stabil. Die Zugänglichkeit und Reversibilität der Redox-Schritte hängt von der Art der Liganden und der Zahl vorhandener Valenzelektronen ab.
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  • 86
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 527-535 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Lithio-aminofluorosilanes with Covalent Element HalidesHalides of boron, germanium, phosphorus, and arsenic react with lithio-aminofluorosilanes (1a-e) with elimination of lithium halide and substitution (2a, b, 3c, 4b, 5b, 5d, 6b). Depending on the bulkiness of the substituents and the reaction conditions, halosilanes are also cleaved off and four-membered rings (8d, 10b, 11b, 13b, 14b) are formed. The reaction of 1e with (Me3Si)2NPF2 leads to the formation of the aminoiminophosphane 9e. A 1,3-migration of a silyl group from the alkyl- to the arylamino-nitrogen is observed in this reaction. 5d reacts with lithiated (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)(trimethylsilyl)amine to give 15d and LiF. The aminoiminophosphane 16d is obtained by thermal difluorosilane elimination from 15d. An aminoiminodifluorophosphane (12b) is formed in the reaction of 1b with PF5, isobutene, tert-butyldifluorophenylsilane, and LiF being cleaved off.
    Notes: Halogenverbindungen der Elemente Bor, Germanium, Phosphor und arsen reagieren mit Lithioaminofluorsilanen (1a-c) unter Lithiumhalogenid-Abspaltung und Substitution (→2a, b, 3c, 4b, 5b, 5d, 6b). In Abhängigkeit von der Substituentengröße und den Reaktionsbedingungen wird außer Lithiumhalogenid Halogensilan abgespalten, wobei viergliedrige Ringe (8d, 10b, 11b, 13b, 14b) entstehen. Bei der Reaktion von 1e mit (Me3Si)2NPF2 wird das Aminoiminophosphan 9e unter zusätzlicher 1,3-Silylgruppenwanderung vom Alkyl- zum Arylaminstickstoff gebildet. 5d reagiert mit lithiiertem (2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)(trimethylsilyl)amin zu 15d und LiF. Das Aminoiminophosphan 16d wird durch thermische Difluorsilan-Abspaltung aus 15d erhalten. Ein Aminoiminodifluorphosphan (12b) entsteht bei der Reaktion von 1b mit PF5 unter Abspaltung von Isobuten, tert-Butyldifluorphenylsilan und LiF.
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  • 87
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 513-526 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Redox and substitution Chemistry of Complexes [(CO)4M—EMe2]2 with M = V, Cr, Mn and E = P, AsAmong the complexes [(CO)4V—EMe2]2, (1), [(CO)4Cr—EMe2] (2), and [(CO)4Mn—EMe2]2 (3) with E = P (a) or As (b) isoelectronic relations can be established by electrochemical redox reactions. The redox potentials and the accessible oxidation states depend systematically upon the metal and bridge atoms. 1a disproportionates in donor solvents with formation of the anionic complex (CO)4V—PMe22- which is also obtainable by reduction and can be isolated as the sodium salt. substitutions at 1 with phosphane and arsane ligands proceed smoothly and stepwise to give the compounds V2(PMe2)2(CO)7L(6) and V2(PMe2)2(CO)6L2 (7). These allow reversible one-electron transfers, the redox potentials of which can be correlated with the donor/acceptor properties and the steric requirements of the ligands.
    Notes: Zwischen den Komplexen [(CO)4V—EMe2]2 (1), [(CO)4Cr—EMe2](2) (2) und [(CO)4Mn—EMe2]2 (3) mit E = P(a) oder As (b) lassen sich durch elektrochemische Redoxreaktionen isoelektronische Beziehungen herstellen. Die einzelnen Redoxpotentiale und die erreichbaren Oxidationsstufen sind in systematischer Weise von den Metall- und Brückenatomen abhängig. 1a disproportioniert in Donor-Lösungsmitteln unter Bildung des anionischen Komplexes [(CO)4] V— PMe[2]2-, der auch durch Reduktion zugänglich und als Natriumsalz isolierbar ist. Substitutionen an 1 mit Phosphan- und Arsan-Liganden verlaufen leicht und stufenweise zu den Verbindungen V2(PMe2)2(CO)7L (6) und V2(PMe2)2(CO)6L2 (7). Diese erlauben reversible Einelektronen-Übertragungen, deren Redoxpotentiale mit dem Donor/Akzeptor-Vermögen und dem Raumbedarf der Liganden korrelierbar sind.
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  • 88
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 536-548 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imidoylketene Imines, V1) Preparation through Extrusion of Sulfur, Rearrangement to 1,2-DihydropyrimidinesVia imidoylthioamides 1 and iminoisothiazolines 2 a series of imidoylketene imines 3 was prepared; their ability to rearrange was examined. Most of them form 1,2-dihydropyrimidines 4 at ambient temperature through a 1,5-H shift. of the exceptions the formation of the pyridine 6 is interesting. 1H-and13C-NMR spectra demonstrate the constitution of the dihydropyrimidines.
    Notes: Eine größere Zahl Imidoylketenimine der speziellen Konstitution 3 wurde über entsprechende Imidoylthioamide 1 und Iminoisothiazoline 2 hergestellt und auf ihre Umlagerungsfähigkeit geprüft. Die meisten bilden schon bei Raumtemperatur unter 1,5-H-Verschiebung die Dihydropyrimidine 4. Bei den Ausnahmen ist die in einem Fall auftretende Bildung eines Pyridin-Derivates 6 interessant. Die Konstitution der Dihydropyrimidine wird besonders aus ihren 1H- and 13C-NMR-Spektren gefolgert.
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  • 89
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 400-404 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deamination Reactions, 341) Diels-Alder Reactions of Methoxycyclopentadiene, a Route to 1-Methoxynorbornane-2-diazonium IonsA Mixture of 1- and 2 -methoxycyclopentadiene (7, 8) was prepared in four steps from cyclopentadiene. Diels-Alder reaction of 7 + 8 with methyl acrylate produces a mixture of adducts from which the 1-methoxy isomers (9, 11) were obtained by distillation. Separation by way of the iodo lactone 20, hydrogenation, and Curtius degradation afforded endo- and exo-1-methoxy-2-norbornylamin (14, 17) Nitrous acid deaminations of 14 yielded norpinan-2-one (21) and norbornan-2-one (22) in a 3:7 ratio whereas 17 gave 22 only. The results of the deamination reactions confirm the position of the methoxy groups and illustrate the superiority of diazonium precursors in the norborane → norpinane rearrangement.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, IX1) Preparation, Properties, Crystal Structure, and Stability of Manganacycloalkanes with Different Ring SizeThe four- to eight-membered manganacycloalkanes (OC)4MnPR2O[CH2]n (1-5a, b) are obtained by the reaction of the bifunctional anions [(CO)4)MnPR2O]2- with dichloromethane (n = 1) and the alkanediylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonates) X[CH2]n X (n = 2-5), respectively. While the manganacyclobutanes 1a, b are stable in spite of their ring strain, the limit of stability is passed over for 5b under α-C—C bond cleavage. For the decreasing stability with increasing ring size, among other things, the increasing Mn — C — El angle and Mn — C distance responsible 1b, 4b give monoclinic crystals which belong to the space group P21/c with Z = 4. 1b reacts with CO under cleavage of the Mn — P bond and intramolecular change to give the ring opening product (OC)5Mn — CH2 — P(O)Ph2 (6b).
    Notes: Die vier- bis achtgliedrigen Manganacycloalkane (OC)4MnPR2O[CH2]n (1-5a, b) erhält man durch Umsetzung der bifunktionellen Anionen [(CO)4MnPR2O]2- mit Dichlormethan (n = 1) bzw. den Alkandiylbis(trifluormethansulfonaten) X[CH2]nX(n = 2 - 5). Während die Manganacyclobutane 1a, b trotz Ringspannung beständig sind, wird die Grenze der Stabilität bei 5b unter α-C — C-Bindungsbruch überschritten. Für die mit zunehmender Ringgröße abnehmende Stabilität sind unter anderem der zunehmende Mn — C — El-Winkel und Mn — C-Abstand verantwortlich. 1b, 4d kristallisieren monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit Z = 4. 1b reagiert mit CO unter Lösung der Mn—P-Bindung und intramolekularer Umlagerung zu dem Ringöffnungsprodukt (OC)5Mn—CH2 — P(O)Ph2 (6b).
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 746-756 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanism of the Substitution at the Cyclopropane RingStarting from 2a the bicyclic chlorolactone 14a is obtained via 3a and 11a. Reaction of 14a with KOtBu gives the lactone 17b which also is formed from 14b. These results can be explained by a mechanism via the intermediate E. Additional evidence is given by the failure of 15a and b to react with KOtBu and by the product distribution of the reaction of deuterated compound 16a.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 2a wird über 3a und 11a das bicyclische Chlorlacton 14a erhalten. Dessen Reaktion mit KOtBu ergibt das Lacton 17b, das auch aus 14b gebildet wird. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit einem Mechanismus über die Zwischenstufe E erklärt. Zusätzliche Beweise sind das Ausbleiben einer Reaktion von 15a und b mit KOtBu sowie die Produktverteilung bei der Reaktion der deuterierten Verbindung 16a.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: trans-2,3-D-tert-butylthiirane 1,1-Dioxide and 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-2,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,1-Dioxides from tert-Butyldiazomethane and Sulfur Dioxide Solvent Effects and Mechanisms of the Staudinger-Pfenninger-Reaction1)When allowed to react with sulfur dioxide tert-butyldiazomethane formed not only trans-di-tert-butylthiirane 1,1-dioxide (3) but also the diastereomeric 2,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxides 7e which under base-catalysis rearranged to the 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide 11. The structures were deduced from IR, UV, and 1H-NMR spectra, and from the products obtained after loss of sulfur dioxide. Whereas increase of the solvent polarity favoured 3 over 7e, the diastereomer ration cis-7e/trans-7e remained virtually unaffected. The ration of thiirane 1,1-dioxide 3 to dihydrothiadiazole 1,1-dioxides did not depend on whether the intermediate tert-butylsulfene 6e had been generated from 5e and sulfur dioxide or from 2,2-dimethylpropane sulfonylchloride (14) and triethylamine. In contrast to reports in the literature, the reaction of the phenyldiazoalkanes 5f and 5h with sulfur dioxide afforded cis/trans ratios of the thiirane 1.1-dioxides 9f and 9h, respectively, which were only slightly influenced by the solvent. Apparently, the dihydrothiadiazole 1.1-dioxides 7 and hence their decomposition products, the azines 8 (as far as these do not arise from the direct decomposition of the diazo compounds), are the result of a [3 + 2]cycloaddition between the diazoalkane 5 and the sulfene 6. In contrast, the thiirane 1.1-dioxides 9 seem to originate via the zwitterions 20 the formation of which is favoured over the [3 + 2]cycloaddition by solvents of high polarity, by the presence of aryl substituents at the sulfene. as well as by the lack of alkyl groups. The dichotomy in the behaviour of sulfenes towards diazoalkanes can be traced back to the existence of two low-lying sulfene MO′s, only one of which exhibits π-symmetry.
    Notes: tert-Butyldiazomethan (5e) bildete mit Schwefeldioxid sowohl trans-Di-tert-butylthiiran-1,1-di-oxid (3) als auch die diastereomeren 2,5-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-1,1-dioxide 7e, die sich basen-katalysiert in das 2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-1,1-dioxid 11 umlagerten. Die Konstitutionen wurden durch IR-, UV- und 1H-NMR-Spektren und die Produkte der Schwefeldioxid-Abspaltung gesichert. Während höhere Solvenspolarität 3 gegenüber 7e begünstigte, wurde das Diastereomerenverhältnis cis-7e/trans-7e davon praktisch nicht beeinflußt. Das Verhältnis des Thiiran-1,1-dioxids 3 zu den Dihydrothiadiazoldioxiden hing nicht davon ab, ob das intermediäre tert-Butylsulfen (6e) aus 5e und Schwefeldioxid oder aus 2,2-Dimethylpropansulfonylchlorid (14) und Triethylamin erzeugt wurde. Im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben ergab die Umsetzung der Phenyldiazoalkane 5f und 5h mit Schwefeldioxid cis/trans-Verhältnisse der Thiiran-1,1-dioxide 9f bzw. 9h, die nur wenig vom Lösungsmittel beeinflußt wurden. Die Dihydrothiadiazoldioxide 7 und damit auch ihre Zerfallsprodukte, die Azine 8 (soweit diese nicht durch direkte Zersetzung der Diazoalkane entstehen), sind offenbar das Ergebnis einer [3 + 2]Cycloaddition zwischen Diazoalkan 5 und Sulfen 6, Thiiran-1,1-dioxide 9 scheinen dagegen aus Zwitterionen 20 zu entstehen, die gegenüber der [3 + 2]Cycloaddition durch höhere Polarität des Lösungsmittels, durch Arylsubstituenten des Sulfens und die Abwesenheit von Alkylgruppen begünstigt werden. Die Dichotomie im Verhalten von Sulfenen gegenüber Diazoalkanen läßt sich auf die Existenz zweier tiefliegender Sulfen-MO′s zurückführen, von denen nur eines π-Symmetrie aufweist.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 814-817 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Correlation of Melochinine with CassineMelochinine (1) was transferred into the pyridine derivative 3, a degradation product of Cassine (2). Thus it is proven that the substitutents in melochinine have the same arrangement as in cassine.
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  • 94
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 818-821 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, Characterization, and X-Ray Structure of Bis{4-(2-thienyl)selenolo[3,4-b]thiophene-6-yl} DiselenideThe title compound 2 is formed by the reaction of 2-[(triphenylphosphonio)methyl]thiophene chloride (1) with sodium hydrogen selenite in dimethylformamide without any base. The structure is determined by spectral data and X-Ray analysis.
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  • 95
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 825-828 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four- and Five-membered Phosphorus Heterocycles, 521) Pentacyclic Diphosphoranes from the Reaction 2H-1, 2, 4, 3λ3-Triazaphosphole/Azodicarboxylic EstersAzodicarboxylic ester react with 2-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1, 2, 4, 3λ3-triazaphosphole (1) as heterodienes in an oxidative [4 + 1] cycloaddition at the σ2-phosphorus and a concomitant [2 + 2] dimerization of the supposed intermediate spirocyclic phosphazene 3. The resulting diphosphoranes 4 may also be synthesized from the dichlorotriazaphosphole dimer 5 and hydrazinedicarboxylic esters 6.
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  • 96
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 843-857 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXVI. Syntheses of Sisomicin D, Sisomicin B, and 5″-C-Methyl-Sisomicin BModified sisomicins can be synthesized by selective glycoside syntheses with the sisamine derivative 17. Coupling of 18 with 17 yields via 19 sisomicin D (21). Sisomicin B (26) can be obtained from 23 with 17 via 25 and from 34 with 17 via 35 5″-C-methylsisomicin B (36) is obtainable.
    Notes: Durch selektive Glycosidsynthesen mit dem Sisamin-Derivat 17 lassen sich modifizierte Sisomicine darstellen. Kupplung von 18 mit 17 liefert über 19 Sisomicin D (21). Aus 23 ist mit 17 über 25 Sisomicin B (26) und aus 34 mit 17 über 35 5″-C-Methyl-Sisomicin B (36) erhältlich.
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  • 97
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 660-672 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polycarbonyl Compounds, XXXI1) Sulfur and Selenium Analogues of Phenyl Substituted Deltic Acid Anions and Their DerivativesTreatment of the vinamidinium chloride 6 with the hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen selenide anion leads to the thio- and selenoamides 7 or 9, respectively, which are starting materials for the synthesis of novel C-3-pseudooxocarbons. They can be hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to the mixed oxo-thioxo-and oxo-selenoxocarbons 11 and 13, respectively, whereas sulfhydrolysis of 7 yields the thioxocarbon 15. All the new anions can be characterized by alkylation with methyl-iodide. Besides their spectral data, especially those from 13C-NMR measurements are discussed.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung des Vinamidinium-chlorids 6 mit Hydrogensulfid- oder -selenid-Anion als Nucleophil führt zu den Thio- bzw. Selenoamiden 7 bzw. 9, die als Edukte zur Synthese neuer, phenylsubstituierter C-3-Pseudooxokohlenstoffe dienen. Bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse entstehen gemischte Oxo-thioxo- bzw. Oxo-selenoxokohlenstoffe 11 bzw. 13, bei der Sulfhydrolyse Thioxokohlenstoffe 15, die durch Alkylierung mit Methyliodid charakterisiert werden. Daneben werden ihre spektroskopischen Daten, insbesondere aus 13C-NMR-Messungen, diskutiert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 707-715 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleosides, XXXV1) Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity of Lumazine 5-Oxide RibosidesVarious lumazine-1-mono- and -1,3-diribosides (1-6) have been converted by H2O2-oxidation in trifluoroacetic acid nto the corresponding 5-oxides 7-12. Deacylation led to free 1-(β-D-ribo-furanosyl)lumazine 5-oxide (13) and its 6, 7-dimethyl- (14) and 6, 7-diphenyl derivative (15), respectively. Treatment of the acylated lumazine riboside 5-oxides 7, 11, and 12 with acetyl chloride in TFA yielded the corresponding 6-chloro derivatives 16-18. 17 was deblocked to 6-chloro-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)lumazine (19) and 11 showed an interesting reaction on treatment with methanolic HCL, forming 6-methoxy-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)lumazine (20).
    Notes: Verschiedene Lumazin-1-mono-und-1,3-diriboside (1-6) werden durch H2O2-Oxidation in Trifluoressigsäure in die entsprechenden 5-Oxide 7-12 übergeführt. Durch Deacylierung werden das freie 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)lumazin-5-oxid (13) sowie sein 6,7-Di-phenyl-Derivat (15) gewonnen. Durch Behandlung der geschützten Lumazin-ribosid-5-oxide 7, 11 und 12 mit Acetylchlorid in Trifluoressigsäure entstehen die entsprechenden 6-Chlor-Derivate 16-18. 17 wird zu 6-Chlor-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)lumazin (19) entacetyliert, und 11 liefert mit methanolischer HCL 6-Methoxy-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)lumazin (20).
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 946-958 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective Blocking of Primary or Secondary Hydroxyl Groups with Electroactive Protecting GroupsIn a diol such as 17, at first the primary OH-group is blocked with an electroactive protecting group (→ 18). Then the secondary OH-group is protected with a second group (→ 19), that is reduced at more negative potentials. Controlled potential electrolysis selectively deblocks the primary OH-group. As protecting groups the tritylone ( = 9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-phenyl-9-anthracenyl-) and 4-cyanobenzyl residue were suitable. With the help of a combination of these groups 1-dodecyloxy-3-octadecyloxy-2-propanol (27) was prepared starting with 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (21).
    Notes: In Diolen wie 17 wird zunächst die primäre OH-Gruppe mit einer kathodisch abspaltbaren Schutzgruppen (→18), danach die sekundäre mit einer zweiten Gruppe geschützt (→ 19), die bei negativerem Potential abspaltbar ist. Potentiostatische Elektrolyse setzt nur die primäre Hydroxylgruppe frei. Als Schutzgruppen waren der Tritylon- (= 9,10-Dihydro-10-oxo-9-phenyl-9-anthracenyl-) und 4-Cyanbenzylrest geeignet. Mit Hilfe dieser Schutzgruppenkombination wurde 1-Dodecyloxy-3-octadecyloxy-2-propanol (27) ausgehend von 1,2-O-Isopropylidenglycerin (21) dargestellt.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 982-989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of cis-1,3-DivinylcyclobutaneThe title compound 7 is obtained by ozonolysis of bicyclo [2.1.1]hex-2-ene (5) and Wittig reaction of the dialdehyde 6. There was no intramolecular photo-cycloaddition observed by irradiation of 7 but rearrangement to cis-and trans-allylvinylcyclopropanes 10 and 11. With the esters 12-14 the light energy is wasted in cis-trans-isomerisations. In comparison, the cis-1,3-cyclopentane derivatives 16 and 17 give some [2+2] cycloaddition.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung 7 wird aus Bicyclo [2.1.1]hex-2-en (5) durch Ozonolyse und Wittig-Reaktion des Dialdehyds 6 hergestellt. Beim Belichten geht 7 keine intramolekulare Cycloaddition ein, vielmehr erfolgt Umlagerung zu cis-und trans-Allylvinylcyclopropan 10 und 11. Auch bei den entsprechenden Dicarbonsäureestern 12-14 wird die Anregungsenergie hauptsächlich zu cis-trans-Isomerisierungen verbraucht. Bei den ringhomologen cis-1,3-Cyclopentanderivaten 16 und 17 wird zum Vergleich sehr wohl photochemische [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition beobachtet.
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