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  • Gene Expression Regulation  (85)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (85)
  • American Chemical Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1985-1989  (65)
  • 1980-1984  (20)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1989  (40)
  • 1985  (25)
  • 1983  (20)
  • 1965
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (85)
  • American Chemical Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 1985-1989  (65)
  • 1980-1984  (20)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
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    Isolation and expression of functional high-affinity Fc receptor complementary DNAs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Human and murine mononuclear phagocytes express a high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G that plays a central role in macrophage antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and clearance of immune complexes. The receptor (FcRI) may also be involved in CD4-independent infection of human macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus. This report describes the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the human FcRI by a ligand-mediated selection technique. Expression of the cDNAs in COS cells gave rise to immunoglobulin G binding of the expected affinity and subtype specificity. RNA blot analysis revealed expression of a 1.7-kilobase transcript in macrophages and in cells of the promonocytic cell line U937 induced with interferon-gamma. The extracellular region of FcRI consists of three immunoglobulin-like domains, two of which share homology with low-affinity receptor domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, J M -- Seed, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Fc/*genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    AP1/jun function is differentially induced in promotion-sensitive and resistant JB6 cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Tumor promoters may bring about events that lead to neoplastic transformation by inducing specific promotion-relevant effector genes. Functional activation of the transacting transcription factor AP-1 by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) may play an essential role in this process. Clonal genetic variants of mouse epidermal JB6 cells that are genetically susceptible (P+) or resistant (P-) to promotion of transformation by TPA were transfected with 3XTRE-CAT, a construct that has AP-1 cis-enhancer sequences attached to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Transfected JB6 P+, but not P- variants, showed TPA-inducible CAT synthesis. Epidermal growth factor, another transformation promoter in JB6 cells, also caused P+ specific induction of CAT gene expression. These results demonstrate an association between induced AP-1 function and sensitivity to promotion of neoplastic transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, L R -- Colburn, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2541502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Epidermis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Variation ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 3
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    Expression of functional nerve growth factor receptors after gene transfer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) interacts with both high affinity (Kd = 10(-10)-10(-11)M) and low affinity (Kd = 10(-8)-10(-9)M) receptors; the binding of NGF to the high affinity receptor is correlated with biological actions of NGF. To determine whether a single NGF binding protein is common to both forms of the receptor, a full-length receptor cDNA was introduced in the NR18 cell line, an NGF receptor-deficient variant of the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. The transformant displayed (i) both high and low affinity receptors detectable by receptor binding; (ii) an affinity cross-linking pattern with 125I-labeled NGF similar to that of the parent PC12 cell line; and (iii) biological responsiveness to NGF as assayed by induction of c-fos transcription. These findings support the hypothesis that a single binding protein is common to both forms of the NGF receptor and suggest that an additional protein is required to produce the high affinity form of the NGF receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hempstead, B L -- Schleifer, L S -- Chao, M V -- HD23315/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-21072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):373-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Pheochromocytoma ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Transformation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 4
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    Bacterial blight of soybean: regulation of a pathogen gene determining host cultivar specificity (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-22
    Description: Soybean cultivars resistant to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar glycinea (Psg), the causal agent of bacterial blight, exhibit a hypersensitive (necrosis) reaction (HR) to infection. Psg strains carrying the avrB gene elicit the HR in soybean cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rpg1. Psg expressing avrB at a high level and capable of eliciting the HR in the absence of de novo bacterial RNA synthesis have been obtained in in vitro culture. Nutritional signals and regions within the Psg hrp gene cluster, an approximately 20-kilobase genomic region also necessary for pathogenicity, control avrB transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huynh, T V -- Dahlbeck, D -- Staskawicz, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1374-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Plant Diseases ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Pseudomonas/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; Soybeans/*genetics/microbiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 5
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    Golf: an olfactory neuron specific-G protein involved in odorant signal transduction (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: Biochemical and electrophysiological studies suggest that odorants induce responses in olfactory sensory neurons via an adenylate cyclase cascade mediated by a G protein. An olfactory-specific guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein alpha subunit has now been characterized and evidence is presented suggesting that this G protein, termed Golf, mediates olfaction. Messenger RNA that encodes Golf alpha is expressed in olfactory neuroephithelium but not in six other tissues tested. Moreover, within the olfactory epithelium, Golf alpha appears to be expressed only by the sensory neurons. Specific antisera were used to localize Golf alpha protein to the sensory apparatus of the receptor neurons. Golf alpha shares extensive amino acid identity (88 percent) with the stimulatory G protein, Gs alpha. The expression of Golf alpha in S49 cyc- kin- cells, a line deficient in endogenous stimulatory G proteins, demonstrates its capacity to stimulate adenylate cyclase in a heterologous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, D T -- Reed, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):790-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons, Afferent/analysis/*physiology ; *Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Mucosa/analysis/*innervation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Signal Transduction ; Tissue Distribution ; Transfection
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  • 6
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    Switch protein alters specificity of RNA polymerase containing a compartment-specific sigma factor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, expression of developmental genes spoIVCB and cotD is induced in the mother cell compartment of the sporangium at morphological stages IV and V, respectively. A 27-kilodalton RNA polymerase sigma factor called sigma K (or sigma 27) has been found that causes weak transcription of spoIVCB and strong transcription of cotD. A 14-kD protein was also discovered that changes the specificity of sigma K-containing RNA polymerase, greatly stimulating spoIVCB transcription and markedly repressing cotD transcription. Both sigma K and the 14-kD protein are products of genes known to be required for expression of specific genes in the mother cell. Thus, sigma K directs gene expression in the mother cell and it is proposed that inactivation or sequestering of the 14-kD protein switches the temporal pattern of gene expression during the transition from stages IV to V of development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kroos, L -- Kunkel, B -- Losick, R -- GM18568/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):526-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics/physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sigma Factor/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Spores, Bacterial/genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 7
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    Are tissues a patch quilt of ectopic gene expression? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linsk, R -- Gottesman, M -- Pernis, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2799388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, MHC Class I/physiology ; Immune Tolerance/*genetics ; Organ Specificity/*genetics ; Thymus Gland/physiology
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  • 8
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    Regulation of lymphokine messenger RNA stability by a surface-mediated T cell activation pathway (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-21
    Description: Quiescent T cells can be induced to express many genes by mitogen or antigen stimulation. The messenger RNAs of some of these genes undergo relatively rapid degradation compared to messenger RNAs from constitutively expressed genes. A T cell activation pathway that specifically regulates the stability of messenger RNAs for the lymphokines interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is induced by stimulation of the CD28 surface molecule. This pathway does not directly affect the steady-state messenger RNA level, transcription, or messenger RNA half-life of other T cell activation genes, including c-myc, c-fos, IL-2 receptor, and the 4F2HC surface antigen. These data show that stimuli received at the cell surface can alter gene expression by inducing specific changes in messenger RNA degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindstein, T -- June, C H -- Ledbetter, J A -- Stella, G -- Thompson, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):339-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2540528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD28 ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/genetics ; Drug Stability ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Growth Substances/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphokines/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Human KGF is FGF-related with properties of a paracrine effector of epithelial cell growth (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a human mitogen that is specific for epithelial cells. The complementary DNA sequence of KGF demonstrates that it is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The KGF transcript was present in stromal cells derived from epithelial tissues. By comparison with the expression of other epithelial cell mitogens, only KGF, among known human growth factors, has the properties of a stromal mediator of epithelial cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finch, P W -- Rubin, J S -- Miki, T -- Ron, D -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):752-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Codon ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/analysis/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; *Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA/analysis ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Skin/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Gene signals relapse of breast, ovarian cancers (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):654-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2566202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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  • 11
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    Brain protein yields clues to Alzheimer's disease (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*etiology/genetics/pathology ; *Amyloid/genetics/physiology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/pathology ; Protease Inhibitors ; *Protein Precursors/genetics/physiology
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  • 12
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    Transformation and plasmacytoid differentiation of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts by ras oncogenes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-03
    Description: The biological effects of ras oncogene activation in B cells were studied by using amphotropic retroviral vectors to introduce H- or N-ras oncogenes into human B lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus. Expression of both H- and N-ras oncogenes led to malignant transformation of these cells, as shown by clonogenicity in semisolid media and tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. In addition, terminal differentiation into plasma cells was detectable as specific changes in morphology, immunoglobulin secretion, and cell surface antigen expression. This combined effect, promoting growth and differentiation in human lymphoblasts, represents a novel biological action of ras oncogenes and has implications for the pathogenesis of terminally differentiated B-lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seremetis, S -- Inghirami, G -- Ferrero, D -- Newcomb, E W -- Knowles, D M -- Dotto, G P -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA-37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA49236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY 06337/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):660-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, New York University, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; DNA Replication ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, ras ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology ; Phenotype ; Plasma Cells/*pathology
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  • 13
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    Parasitic protozoa and helminths: biological and immunological challenges (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Parasitic protozoans and helminths pose considerable medical as well as scientific challenges. Investigations of the complex and very different life cycles of these organisms, their adaptation to the obligate parasitic mode of life, and their ability to face the hostile host environment have resulted in many exciting discoveries. Invasion of host erythrocytes by plasmodial sporozoites and intact skin by schistosomal cercariae are outlined as examples of the elaborate mechanisms of parasitism. Isolation and characterization of single protective antigens or subunit vaccines from these two organisms are examined as models for vaccine development. Finally, developments in exploring gene regulation in protozoans and free and parasitic nematodes are briefly outlined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahmoud, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1015-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2686024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Eukaryota/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Helminthiasis/*immunology ; Helminths/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protozoan Infections/*immunology
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  • 14
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    Metastatic hibernomas in transgenic mice expressing an alpha-amylase-SV40 T antigen hybrid gene (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: Mice transgenic for a hybrid gene containing the liver promoter of the mouse amylase gene (Amy-1a) fused to the SV40 tumor antigen coding region unexpected developed malignant brown adipose tissue tumors (malignant hibernomas). Expression of the alpha-amylase gene had previously been thought to be confined to the liver parotid, and pancreas; however, analysis of white and brown adipose tissue from nontransgenic mice revealed expression of the endogenous Amy-1a gene in these tissues. Gene constructs driven by the Amy-1a liver promoter thus provide a means of targeting gene expression to the adipocyte cell lineage in transgenic mice. Moreover the high frequency of metastases in the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and adrenals of these mice provides an experimental system in which to study the development of disseminated malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, N -- Crooke, R -- Hwang, L H -- Schibler, U -- Knowles, B B -- Solter, D -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-18470/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):460-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism/pathology ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/pathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic ; alpha-Amylases/*genetics
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  • 15
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    Interferon-alpha but not AZT suppresses HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Promonocytic (U1) and T lymphocytic (ACH-2) cell lines chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitutively express low levels of virus, but expression can be induced by phorbol esters and cytokines. Whereas ACH-2 cells produce infectious virions, U1 cells produce defective, noninfectious particles. Although 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine (AZT) prevented acute HIV infection of susceptible cells, it did not prevent the induction of HIV expression in the infected cell lines. In contrast, interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibited the release of reverse transcriptase and viral antigens into the culture supernatant after phorbol ester stimulation of both cell lines. Further, IFN-alpha suppressed the production or release (or both) of whole HIV virions, but had no effect on the amount of cell-associated viral proteins. Also, after phorbol ester stimulation of ACH-2 cells, IFN-alpha reduced the number of infectious viral particles secreted into the culture supernatant, but had no effect on the infectivity of cell-associated virus. These findings lend support to the combined use of antiviral agents that have action at both the early (AZT) and the late (IFN-alpha) stages of HIV replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poli, G -- Orenstein, J M -- Kinter, A -- Folks, T M -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/microbiology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HIV-1/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Immunoblotting ; Interferon Type I/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/microbiology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vacuoles/microbiology ; Virion/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; Virus Replication/*drug effects ; Zidovudine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Transfer of a protein encoded by a single nucleus to nearby nuclei in multinucleated myotubes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: Specialized regions of muscle fibers may result from differential gene expression within a single fiber. In order to investigate the range of action of individual nuclei in multinucleated myotubes, C2 myoblasts were transfected to obtain stable cell lines that express a reporter protein that is targeted to the nucleus. Hybrid myotubes were then formed containing one or a few transfected nuclei as well as a large number of nuclei from the parental strain. In order to determine how far the products of a single nucleus extend, transfected nuclei were labeled with [3H]thymidine before fusion and the myotubes were stained to identify the reporter protein. In such myotubes the fusion protein was not confined to its nucleus of origin, but was restricted to nearby nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ralston, E -- Hall, Z W -- NS 20107/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1066-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/genetics ; Mice ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; *Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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  • 17
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    Adipsin and complement factor D activity: an immune-related defect in obesity (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: Adipsin is a serine protease that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream; it is deficient in several animal models of obesity, representing a striking example of defective gene expression in this disorder. Recombinant mouse adipsin was purified and its biochemical and enzymatic properties were studied in order to elucidate the function of this protein. Activated adipsin has little or no proteolytic activity toward most substrates but has the same activity as human complement factor D, cleaving complement factor B when it is complexed with activated complement component C3. Like authentic factor D, adipsin can activate the alternative pathway of complement, resulting in red blood cell lysis. Decreased (58 to 80 percent) complement factor D activity, relative to lean controls, was observed as a common feature of several experimental models of obesity, including the ob/ob, db/db, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-injected mouse and the fa/fa rat. These results suggest that adipsin and the alternative pathway of complement may play an unexpected but important role in the regulation of systemic energy balance in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, B S -- Cook, K S -- Yaglom, J -- Groves, D L -- Volanakis, J E -- Damm, D -- White, T -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK31403/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34605/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1483-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Complement Activating Enzymes/*metabolism ; Complement Factor D/*metabolism ; Complement Pathway, Alternative ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Obesity/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection
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  • 18
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    Reciprocal effects of hyper- and hypoactivity mutations in the Drosophila pattern gene torso (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: In Drosophila, five "terminal" polarity genes must be active in females in order for them to produce embryos with normal anterior and posterior ends. Hypoactivity mutations in one such gene, torso, result in the loss of the most posterior domain of fushi tarazu expression and the terminal cuticular structures. In contrast, a torso hyperactivity mutation causes the loss of central fushi tarazu expression and central cuticular structures. Cytoplasmic leakage, transplantation, and temperature-shift experiments suggest that the latter effect is caused by abnormal persistence of the torso product in the central region of the embryo during early development. Thus, the amount and timing of torso activity is key to distinguishing the central and terminal regions of the embryo. Mutations in the tailless terminal gene act as dominant maternal suppressors of the hyperactive torso allele, indicating that the torso product acts through, or in concert with, the tailless product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strecker, T R -- Halsell, S R -- Fisher, W W -- Lipshitz, H D -- GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD23099/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1062-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdomen ; Alleles ; Animals ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Suppression, Genetic ; Thorax
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  • 19
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    Developmental biology of T cell receptors (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: T cell receptors are the antigen-recognizing elements found on the effector cells of the immune system. Two isotypes have been discovered, TCR-gamma delta and TCR-alpha beta, which appear in that order during ontogeny. The maturation of prothymocytes that colonize the thymic rudiment at defined gestational stages occurs principally within the thymus, although some evidence for extrathymic maturation also exists. The maturation process includes the rearrangement and expression of the T cell receptor genes. Determination of these mechanisms, the lineages of the cells, and the subsequent thymic selection that results in self-tolerance is the central problem in developmental immunology and is important for the understanding of autoimmune diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strominger, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):943-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/embryology/*growth & development/immunology
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  • 20
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    Progress toward human gene therapy (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Current therapies for most human genetic diseases are inadequate. In response to the need for effective treatments, modern molecular genetics is providing tools for an unprecedented new approach to disease treatment through an attack directly on mutant genes. Recent results with several target organs and gene transfer techniques have led to broad medical and scientific acceptance of the feasibility of this "gene therapy" concept for disorders of the bone marrow, liver, and central nervous system; some kinds of cancer; and deficiencies of circulating enzymes, hormones, and coagulation factors. The most well-developed models involve alteration of mutant target genes by gene transfer with recombinant pathogenic viruses in order to express new genetic information and to correct disease phenotypes--the conversion of the swords of pathology into the plowshares of therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedmann, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1275-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Ethics, Medical ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Therapy/*methods/trends ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liver/physiology ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Risk Assessment ; Transfection
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  • 21
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    Interleukin-2 receptor beta chain gene: generation of three receptor forms by cloned human alpha and beta chain cDNA's (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) binds to two distinct receptor molecules, the IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha, p55) chain and the newly identified IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2R beta, p70-75) chain. The cDNA encoding the human IL-2R beta chain has now been isolated. The overall primary structure of the IL-2R beta chain shows no apparent homology to other known receptors. Unlike the IL-2R alpha chain, the IL-2R beta chain has a large cytoplasmic region in which a functional domain (or domains) mediating an intracellular signal transduction pathway (or pathways) may be embodied. The cDNA-encoded beta chain binds and internalizes IL-2 when expressed on T lymphoid cells but not fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the cDNA gives rise to the generation of high-affinity IL-2 receptor when co-expressed with the IL-2R alpha chain cDNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatakeyama, M -- Tsudo, M -- Minamoto, S -- Kono, T -- Doi, T -- Miyata, T -- Miyasaka, M -- Taniguchi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):551-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Leukemia ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Succinimides ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 22
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    Isolation of a novel receptor cDNA establishes the existence of two PDGF receptor genes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: A genomic sequence and cloned complementary DNA has been identified for a novel receptor-like gene of the PDGF receptor/CSF1 receptor subfamily (platelet-derived growth factor receptor/colony-stimulating factor type 1 receptor). The gene recognized a 6.4-kilobase transcript that was coexpressed in normal human tissues with the 5.3-kilobase PDGF receptor messenger RNA. Introduction of complementary DNA of the novel gene into COS-1 cells led to expression of proteins that were specifically detected with antiserum directed against a predicted peptide. When the new gene was transfected into COS-1 cells, a characteristic pattern of binding of the PDGF isoforms was observed, which was different from the pattern observed with the known PDGF receptor. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor in response to the PDGF isoforms was also different from the known receptor. The new PDGF receptor gene was localized to chromosome 4q11-4q12. The existence of genes encoding two PDGF receptors that interact in a distinct manner with three different PDGF isoforms likely confers considerable regulatory flexibility in the functional responses to PDGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsui, T -- Heidaran, M -- Miki, T -- Popescu, N -- La Rochelle, W -- Kraus, M -- Pierce, J -- Aaronson, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):800-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 23
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    Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: The cloning of genes encoding mammalian DNA binding transcription factors for RNA polymerase II has provided the opportunity to analyze the structure and function of these proteins. This review summarizes recent studies that define structural domains for DNA binding and transcriptional activation functions in sequence-specific transcription factors. The mechanisms by which these factors may activate transcriptional initiation and by which they may be regulated to achieve differential gene expression are also discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, P J -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):371-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA Polymerase II/*genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 24
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    Interleukin-1 costimulatory activity on the interleukin-2 promoter via AP-1 (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major regulator of inflammation and immunity. IL-1 induces T lymphocyte growth by acting as a second signal (together with antigen) in enhancing the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). An IL-1-responsive element in the promoter region of the human IL-2 gene was similar to the binding site for the transcription factor AP-1. IL-1 enhanced expression of c-jun messenger RNA, whereas the antigenic signal enhanced messenger RNA expression of c-fos. Thus, the two components of the AP-1 factor are independently regulated and the AP-1 factor may serve as a nuclear mediator for the many actions of IL-1 on cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muegge, K -- Williams, T M -- Kant, J -- Karin, M -- Chiu, R -- Schmidt, A -- Siebenlist, U -- Young, H A -- Durum, S K -- 5-T32-CA-09140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI-R01-23879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Program Resources Inc., Frederick, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2799385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 25
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    Enhancement of bacteriophage T4 late transcription by components of the T4 DNA replication apparatus (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: The expression of the late genes in bacteriophage T4 development is closely connected to viral DNA replication. Three T4-encoded DNA polymerase accessory proteins are shown to stimulate transcription at T4 late promoters in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis-requiring process. The properties of the activation resemble those found for enhancers of eukaryotic transcription. However, the nature of the enhancer of T4 late transcription is novel in that it is a structure--a break in the nontranscribed DNA stand--to which the three replication proteins bind, rather than a sequence. Since the three DNA polymerase accessory proteins are carried on the moving replication fork as part of the replisome, we postulate that viral DNA replication forks act, in vivo, as the mobile enhancers of T4 late gene transcription. Whereas Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bearing the T4 gene 55 protein can selectively recognize T4 late promoters, it is only capable of responding to the transcription-enhancing activity of the three replication proteins on acquiring an additional T4-specific modification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herendeen, D R -- Kassavetis, G A -- Barry, J -- Alberts, B M -- Geiduschek, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):952-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2672335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; T-Phages/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 26
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    Sindbis virus: an efficient, broad host range vector for gene expression in animal cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Sindbis virus, an enveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome, was engineered to express a bacterial protein, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), in cultured insect, avian, and mammalian cells. The vectors were self-replicating and gene expression was efficient and rapid; up to 10(8) CAT polypeptides were produced per infected cell in 16 to 20 hours. CAT expression could be made temperature-sensitive by means of a derivative that incorporated a temperature-sensitive mutation in viral RNA synthesis. Vector genomic RNAs were packaged into infectious particles when Sindbis helper virus was used to supply virion structural proteins. The vector RNAs were stable to at least seven cycles of infection. The expression of CAT increased about 10(3)-fold, despite a 10(15)-fold dilution during the passaging. Sindbis virus vectors should prove useful for expressing large quantities of gene products in a variety of animal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, C -- Levis, R -- Shen, P -- Schlesinger, S -- Rice, C M -- Huang, H V -- AG05681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI11377/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI24134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1188-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes ; Animals ; Bacteria/enzymology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/*genetics ; Codon ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Quail ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Sindbis Virus/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Godolphin, W -- Jones, L A -- Holt, J A -- Wong, S G -- Keith, D E -- Levin, W J -- Stuart, S G -- Udove, J -- Ullrich, A -- CA 36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, U.C.L.A. School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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  • 28
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    Leucine repeats and an adjacent DNA binding domain mediate the formation of functional cFos-cJun heterodimers (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: The discovery that the AP-1 family of enhancer binding factors includes a complex of the cellular Fos (cFos) and cellular Jun (cJun) proteins established a direct and important link between oncogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Homodimeric cJun protein synthesized in vitro is capable of binding selectively to AP-1 recognition sites, whereas the cFos polypeptide is not. When cotranslated, the cFos and cJun proteins can form a stable, heterodimeric complex with the DNA binding properties of AP-1/cJun. The related proteins Jun B and vJun are also able to form DNA binding complexes with cFos. Directed mutagenesis of the cFos protein reveals that a leucine repeat structure is required for binding to cJun, in a manner consistent with the proposed function of the "leucine zipper." A novel domain adjacent to, but distinct from, the leucine repeat of cFos is required for DNA binding by cFos-cJun heterodimers. Thus experimental evidence is presented that leucine repeats can mediate complex formation between heterologous proteins and that promotes further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of two proto-oncogene products.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, R -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1689-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromatography, Affinity ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 29
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    Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: Amyloid deposition in senile plaques and the cerebral vasculature is a marker of Alzheimer's disease. Whether amyloid itself contributes to the neurodegenerative process or is simply a by-product of that process is unknown. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) and fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cell lines were transfected with portions of the gene for the human amyloid precursor protein. Stable PC12 cell transfectants expressing a specific amyloid-containing fragment of the precursor protein gradually degenerated when induced to differentiate into neuronal cells with nerve growth factor. Conditioned medium from these cells was toxic to neurons in primary hippocampal cultures, and the toxic agent could be removed by immunoabsorption with an antibody directed against the amyloid polypeptide. Thus, a peptide derived from the amyloid precursor may be neurotoxic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yankner, B A -- Dawes, L R -- Fisher, S -- Villa-Komaroff, L -- Oster-Granite, M L -- Neve, R L -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 18658/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 01240/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):417-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2474201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*etiology/pathology ; Amyloid/genetics/*physiology ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Neurons/pathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pheochromocytoma ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*physiology ; RNA/analysis/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Mechanism of interleukin-2 signaling: mediation of different outcomes by a single receptor and transduction pathway (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: The T cell lymphokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), plays a pivotal role in an immune response by stimulating antigen-activated B lymphocytes to progress through the cell cycle and to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. An IL-2 inducible B lymphoma line, in which the growth and differentiation responses are uncoupled, provides a model system for dissecting the signaling mechanisms operating in each response. This system was used to show that both signals are initiated by IL-2 binding to a single, unifunctional receptor complex. Moreover, both signals are transduced by a pathway that does not involve any known second messenger system and that can be blocked by a second T cell lymphokine, interleukin 4. These findings suggest that the pleiotrophic effects of IL-2 are determined by different translations of the signal in the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tigges, M A -- Casey, L S -- Koshland, M E -- AI07079/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):781-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics ; Interleukin-2/*physiology ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Protein Kinase C/physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 31
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    Genetic engineering of filamentous fungi (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Filamentous fungi are important in medicine, industry, agriculture, and basic biological research. For example, some fungal species are pathogenic to humans, whereas others produce beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin and cephalosporin). Industrial strains produce large amounts of enzymes, such as glucoamylase and proteases, and low molecular weight compounds, such as citric acid. The largest and most economically important group of plant pathogens are fungi. Several fungal species have biological properties and genetic systems that make them ideally suited for basic biological research. Recently developed techniques for genetic engineering of filamentous fungi make it possible to alter their detrimental and beneficial activities in novel ways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Timberlake, W E -- Marshall, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1313-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2525275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans/*genetics ; Forecasting ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Engineering/*methods/trends ; Mutation ; Neurospora/*genetics ; Neurospora crassa/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Signal transduction by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: When platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binds to its receptor on a quiescent fibroblast or smooth muscle cell, it stimulates a remarkably diverse group of biochemical responses, including changes in ion fluxes, activation of several kinases, alterations in cell shape, increased transcription of a number of genes, and stimulation of enzymes that regulate phospholipid metabolism. These and other reactions culminate, hours later, in DNA replication and cell division. How does the receptor for PDGF recognize and bind its specific ligand and then transduce this signal across the cell membrane via a single membrane-spanning region? Which of the immediate cellular responses are directly involved in the biochemical pathways that lead to DNA synthesis? How does the PDGF receptor trigger a diverse group of responses? Recent studies of the PDGF receptor have provided insight into these issues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, L T -- HL-32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1564-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2538922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/physiology/ultrastructure ; Molecular Structure ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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  • 33
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    Purification of growth hormone-specific transcription factor GHF-1 containing homeobox (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: Pituitary-specific expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene is governed by a transcription factor, GHF-1, that binds to two sites within its promoter. Recently, GHF-1 was shown to be a member of the homeobox family of DNA-binding proteins. An important question is whether GHF-1 controls the expression of other pituitary specific genes, such as prolactin (Prl), expressed in closely related cell types. To this end, GHF-1 was purified from extracts of GH- and Prl-expressing pituitary tumor cells and identified as a 33-kilodalton polypeptide. Although GHF-1 bound to and activated the GH promoter, it did not recognize the Prl promoter. However, at least one other factor in the same extracts, which was easily separated from GHF-1, bound to several sites within the Prl but not the GH promoter. Antibodies to GHF-1 did not react with the Prl binding activity. These results imply that the pituitary-specific expression of GH and Prl is governed by two distinct trans-acting factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castrillo, J L -- Bodner, M -- Karin, M -- DK-38527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):814-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Mapping ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Prolactin/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    The story so far--chronology, dramatis personae (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2655080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fraud/legislation & jurisprudence ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; History, 20th Century ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Publishing/*standards ; Research/*standards ; Research Personnel ; United States
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  • 35
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    Cloning and expression of a Xenopus embryonic gap junction protein (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Gap junctions in the early amphibian embryo may play a fundamental role in the regulation of differentiation by mediating the cell-to-cell transfer of chemical signals. A complementary DNA encoding a gap junction present in Xenopus oocytes and early embryos has now been cloned and sequenced. This protein sequence is homologous to the well-characterized gap junction structural proteins rat connexin32 and connexin43. RNA blot analysis of total Xenopus oocyte RNA showed hybridization to a single 1.6-kilobase band. This messenger RNA is abundant in oocytes, decreases to levels below the sensitivity of our assay by stage 15 (18 hours), and is not detectable in RNA from a number of adult organs. To confirm that the oocyte cDNA encodes a gap junction channel, the protein was over expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of RNA synthesized in vitro. Pairs of RNA-injected oocytes formed many more time- and voltage-sensitive cell-cell channels than water-injected pairs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, L -- Beyer, E C -- Swenson, K I -- Paul, D L -- Goodenough, D A -- GM18974/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37751/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL28958-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1194-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Communication ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Connexins ; DNA Probes ; Electric Conductivity ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/analysis/physiology ; RNA/analysis ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; Xenopus/*embryology
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  • 36
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    Limbic seizures increase neuronal production of messenger RNA for nerve growth factor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) produced by telencephalic neurons provides critical trophic support for cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. In situ hybridization and nuclease protection analyses demonstrate that limbic seizures dramatically increase the amount of messenger RNA for NGF in the neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus within 1 hour of seizure onset and in broadly distributed neocortical and olfactory forebrain neurons some hours later. The increased messenger RNA species is indistinguishable from messenger RNA for transcript B of the beta subunit of NGF from mouse submandibular gland. Thus, the expression of a known growth factor is affected by unusual physiological activity, suggesting one route through which trophic interactions between neurons in adult brain can be modified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gall, C M -- Isackson, P J -- NS00915/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS24747/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS26748/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):758-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Endonucleases ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Limbic System/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factors/*genetics ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Seizures/*metabolism ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Telencephalon/metabolism ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 37
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    G1/S transition in normal human T-lymphocytes requires the nuclear protein encoded by c-myb (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-14
    Description: Exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to an 18-base c-myb antisense oligomer before mitogen or antigen stimulation resulted in almost complete inhibition of c-myb messenger RNA and protein synthesis and blockade of T lymphocyte proliferation. Expression of early and late activation markers, interleukin-2 receptor and transferrin receptor, respectively, by PBMC was unaffected by antisense oligomer exposure as was the expression of c-myc messenger RNA. In contrast, histone H3 messenger RNA levels and DNA content were selectively decreased. These results suggest that c-myb protein deprivation does not perturb T lymphocyte activation or early molecular events that may prepare the cell for subsequent proliferation. Rather, it appears to specifically block cells in late G1 or early S phase of the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewirtz, A M -- Anfossi, G -- Venturelli, D -- Valpreda, S -- Sims, R -- Calabretta, B -- CA01324/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA46782/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 14;245(4914):180-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2665077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Interphase ; *Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Oligonucleotides/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Transferrin/biosynthesis ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/metabolism
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  • 38
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    Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1: an inducible receptor for neutrophils related to complement regulatory proteins and lectins (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Focal adhesion of leukocytes to the blood vessel lining is a key step in inflammation and certain vascular disease processes. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium, mediates the adhesion of blood neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) for ELAM-1 has now been isolated by transient expression in COS cells. Cells transfected with the ELAM-1 clone express a surface structure recognized by two ELAM-1 specific monoclonal antibodies (H4/18 and H18/7) and support the adhesion of isolated human neutrophils and the promyelocytic cell line HL-60. Expression of ELAM-1 transcripts in cultured human endothelial cells is induced by cytokines, reaching a maximum at 2 to 4 hours and decaying by 24 hours; cell surface expression of ELAM-1 protein parallels that of the mRNA. The primary sequence of ELAM-1 predicts an amino-terminal lectin-like domain, an EGF domain, and six tandem repetitive motifs (about 60 amino acids each) related to those found in complement regulatory proteins. A similar domain structure is also found in the MEL-14 lymphocyte cell surface homing receptor, and in granule-membrane protein 140, a membrane glycoprotein of platelet and endothelial secretory granules that can be rapidly mobilized (less than 5 minutes) to the cell surface by thrombin and other stimuli. Thus, ELAM-1 may be a member of a nascent gene family of cell surface molecules involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological events at the interface of vessel wall and blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bevilacqua, M P -- Stengelin, S -- Gimbrone, M A Jr -- Seed, B -- P01 HL-36028/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1160-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Adhesion ; DNA/genetics ; E-Selectin ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Interaction of antigen in the proper histocompatibility context with the T lymphocyte antigen receptor leads to an orderly series of events resulting in morphologic change, proliferation, and the acquisition of immunologic function. In most T lymphocytes two signals are required to initiate this process, one supplied by the antigen receptor and the other by accessory cells or agents that activate protein kinase C. Recently, DNA sequences have been identified that act as response elements for one or the other of the two signals, but do not respond to both signals. The fact that these sequences lie within the control regions of the same genes suggests that signals originating from separate cell membrane receptors are integrated at the level of the responsive gene. The view is put forth that these signals initiate a contingent series of gene activations that bring about proliferation and impart immunologic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabtree, G R -- CA 39612/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 33942/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):355-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Dingell v. Baltimore (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):412-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2655079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; Fraud/legislation & jurisprudence ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; History, 20th Century ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Publishing/*standards ; Research/*standards ; Research Personnel ; United States
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    Gene splicers contemplate the rat brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):828-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6138857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 42
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    Secretion of human interferons by yeast (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-11
    Description: Plasmids were constructed to direct synthesis of the human interferons IFN-alpha 1, IFN-alpha 2, and IFN-gamma in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of IFN genes containing coding sequences for secretion signals resulted in the secretion of IFN activity. A large proportion of the IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2 isolated from the yeast cell growth media had the same amino termini as the natural mature interferons, suggesting a removal of the signal sequences identical to that of human cells. These results show that a lower eukaryote, such as yeast, can utilize and process a human signal sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hitzeman, R A -- Leung, D W -- Perry, L J -- Kohr, W J -- Levine, H L -- Goeddel, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 11;219(4585):620-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6186023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferons/*genetics/secretion ; Peptides/physiology ; Plasmids ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Sorting Signals ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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    Studying promoters and terminators by gene fusion (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Prokaryotic gene control signals can be isolated, compared, and characterized by precise fusion in vitro to the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK), which provides both a simple assay and genetic selection. This recombinant galK fusion vector system was applied to the study of promoters and terminators recognized by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Three promoters created by mutation from DNA sequences having no promoter function were characterized. Mutations that inactivate promoter function were selected, structurally defined, and functionally analyzed. Similarly, transcription termination was examined, and mutations affecting terminator function were isolated and characterized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, M -- Chepelinsky, A B -- McKenney, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):734-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Galactokinase/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Operon ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Expression of streptococcal M protein in Escherichia coli (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: The structural gene for group A streptococcal M protein, the fibrillar surface molecule enabling the organism to resist phagocytosis, has been cloned into Escherichia coli. The molecule produced by Escherichia coli is slightly larger than the M protein isolated by solubilization of the streptococcal cell wall, but is similar in size to that secreted by streptococcal protoplast and L forms. Immunologically, the molecule synthesized by Escherichia coli has the same type-specific determinants as the streptococcal M protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, J R -- Fischetti, V A -- AI11822/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR05364/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):758-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6192499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigens, Bacterial ; *Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Weight
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    BK viral enhancer element and a human cellular homolog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Comparison of two closely related primate papovaviruses, simian virus 40 (SV40) and human BK virus (BKV), reveals that the only region of extensive divergence, the tandem sequences adjacent to the origins of DNA replication, is responsible in SV40 for enhancing early gene expression. This study demonstrates a similar enhancer function for the analogous repeated region in BKV. The dissimilarity in sequence of the BKV and SV40 enhancer elements suggests that they may have been acquired since SV40 and BKV diverged. A locus cloned from the human genome homologous to the BKV tandem repeats has been shown to function as low level enhancer element in mammalian cells. These data support the hypothesis that viral enhancer sequences may be evolutionarily related to host cell sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenthal, N -- Kress, M -- Gruss, P -- Khoury, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):749-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6314501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BK Virus/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Regulator ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polyomavirus/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity
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    Differential gene expression in the gastrula of Xenopus laevis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: A modified cloning method designed to produce differential complementary DNA libraries permits the isolation of sequences that are present in the RNA population of any developmental stage or tissue, but are not present or are much less abundant in another stage or tissue. Selective complementary DNA cloning is especially useful when the differentially expressed RNA's are of low to moderate abundance in the cells in which they occur. A class of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA's differentially expressed in gastrula embryos of Xenopus laevis (DG RNA's) has been isolated. These DG RNA's occur very rarely or not at all in unfertilized eggs and blastulae, accumulate as the result of transcription before and during gastrulation, and, with some exceptions, decline in abundance as development proceeds. Many of these RNA molecules appear to be translated at the gastrula stage. Thus, DG RNA's may encode proteins that are important in the process of gastrulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sargent, T D -- Dawid, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):135-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6688681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gastrula/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis/*embryology/genetics
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    X chromosome-linked transmission and expression of retroviral genomes microinjected into mouse zygotes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: A genomic clone consisting of the Moloney leukemia proviral genome with moderately repetitive mouse sequences was microinjected into the pronucleus of a mouse zygote. An animal was derived that carried multiple copies of proviral DNA in a tandem array. No evidence for homologous recombination was obtained. The viral genome was expressed in this animal and was transmitted as a single unit to its offspring. Subsequent breeding studies revealed that the proviral DNA had integrated on an X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, C -- Harbers, K -- Jahner, D -- Jaenisch, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):760-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*physiology ; X Chromosome/*physiology
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    DNA-binding proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: The structures of three proteins that regulate gene expression have been determined recently and suggest how these proteins may bind to their specific recognition sites on the DNA. One protein (Cro) is a repressor of gene expression, the second (CAP) usually stimulates gene expression, and the third (lambda repressor) can act as either a repressor or an activator. The three proteins contain a substructure consisting of two consecutive alpha helices that is virtually identical in each case. Structural and amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this bihelical fold occurs in a number of proteins that regulate gene expression, and is an intrinsic part of the DNA-protein recognition event. The modes of repression and activation by Cro and lambda repressor are understood reasonably well, but the mode of action of CAP is still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Y -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Anderson, W F -- Matthews, B W -- GM20066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30894/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1020-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Conformation
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    Differential expression of the translocated and the untranslocated c-myc oncogene in Burkitt lymphoma (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying either a rearranged or unrearranged c-myc oncogene were examined with the use of probes from the 5' exon and for the second and third exon of the oncogene. The results indicate that the normal c-myc gene on chromosome 8 and the 5' noncoding and 3' coding segments of the c-myc oncogene separated by the chromosomal translocation are under different transcriptional control in the lymphoma cells. Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a translocated but unrearranged c-myc oncogene express normal c-myc transcripts. In contrast, lymphoma cells carrying a c-myc gene rearranged head to head with the immunoglobulin constant mu region gene express c-myc transcripts lacking the normal untranslated leader.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ar-Rushdi, A -- Nishikura, K -- Erikson, J -- Watt, R -- Rovera, G -- Croce, C M -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6414084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Operon ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 50
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    Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: The locus for the cellular myc (c-myc) oncogene in humans is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated to chromosome 14 in cells from most undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. It is shown in this study that the c-myc locus is rearranged in 5 out of 15 cell lines from patients with undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas, and that the rearrangement involves a region at the 5' side of an apparently intact c-myc gene. In at least three patients, this rearranged region appears to contain immunoglobulin heavy chain mu sequences that are located on chromosome 14. The data indicate that this region contains the crossover point between chromosomes 8 and 14. The break point can occur at different positions on both chromosomes among individual cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalla-Favera, R -- Martinotti, S -- Gallo, R C -- Erikson, J -- Croce, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):963-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6401867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Identification of the c-myc oncogene product in normal and malignant B cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Antiserum to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminus of the human c-myc protein immunoprecipitated a 48,000-dalton protein from a number of normal and malignant human and mouse cells. The size of the protein is consistent with the potential coding region predicted from the c-myc nucleotide sequence, and is the same for malignant cells carrying either a rearranged or an unrearranged c-myc oncogene. Because c-myc transcripts are expressed at higher levels in malignant than in normal B cells, it appears that an increased level of the c-myc protein rather than a change in the gene product is the relevant factor in determining transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giallongo, A -- Appella, E -- Ricciardi, R -- Rovera, G -- Croce, C M -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA25685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):430-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6604943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Proteins/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Transcription of class III genes: formation of preinitiation complexes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Class III genes require multiple cellular factors for transcription by RNA polymerase III; these genes form stable transcription complexes, which in the case of Xenopus 5S genes are correlated with differential expression in vivo. The minimal number and identity of the factors required to form both stable and metastable complexes on three class III genes (encoding, respectively, 5S RNA, transfer RNA, and adenovirus VA RNA species) were determined. Stable complex formation requires one common factor, whose recognition site was analyzed, and either no additional factors (the VA gene), a second common factor (the transfer RNA gene), or a third gene-specific factor (the 5S gene). The mechanism of stable complex formation and its relevance to transcriptional regulation were examined in light of the various factors and the promoter sequences recognized by these factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lassar, A B -- Martin, P L -- Roeder, R G -- CA 24223/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 24891/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):740-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Operon ; RNA Polymerase III/*genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Molecular and cell isoforms during development (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: Development proceeds by way of a discrete yet overlapping series of biosynthetic and restructuring events that result in the continued molding of tissues and organs into highly restricted and specialized states required for adult function. Individual molecules and cells are replaced by molecular and cellular variants, called isoforms; these arise and function during embryonic development or later life. Isoforms, whether molecular or cellular, have been identified by their structural differences, which allow separation and characterization of each variant. These isoforms play a central and controlling role in the continued and dynamic remodeling that takes place during development. Descriptions of the individual phases of the orderly replacement of one isoform for another provides an experimental context in which the process of development can be better understood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caplan, A I -- Fiszman, M Y -- Eppenberger, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):921-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6348946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Bone Development ; Cartilage/*embryology ; Cell Differentiation ; Creatine Kinase/physiology ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/cytology/*embryology ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphoproteins/physiology ; Proteoglycans/physiology
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    Nucleotide sequence and expression of the diphtheria tox228 gene in Escherichia coli (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence of the diphtheria tox228 gene encoding the nontoxic serologically related protein CRM228 has been determined. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with the available amino acid sequences from the wild-type toxin made it possible to deduce essentially the entire nucleotide sequence of the wild-type tox gene. The signal peptide of pro-diphtheria toxin and the putative tox promoter have been identified, a highly symmetrical nucleotide sequence downstream of the toxin gene has been detected; this region may be the corynebacteriophage beta attachment site (attP). The cloned toxin gene was expressed at a low level in Escherichia coli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaczorek, M -- Delpeyroux, F -- Chenciner, N -- Streeck, R E -- Murphy, J R -- Boquet, P -- Tiollais, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):855-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6348945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Diphtheria Toxin/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operon
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    Cellular oncogenes and multistep carcinogenesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Two dozen cellular proto-oncogenes have been discovered to date through the study of retroviruses and the use of gene transfer. They form a structurally and functionally heterogeneous group. At least five distinct mechanisms are responsible for their conversion to active oncogenes. Recent work provides experimental strategies by which many of these oncogenes, as well as oncogenes of DNA tumor viruses, may be placed into functional categories. These procedures may lead to definition of a small number of common pathways through which the various oncogenes act to transform cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Land, H -- Parada, L F -- Weinberg, R A -- CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):771-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Tissue Distribution ; Transfection
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    High-level expression in Escherichia coli of enzymatically active Harvey murine sarcoma virus p21ras protein (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: The gene for the Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) p21ras protein was fused to the amino-terminal portion of the bacteriophage lambda cII gene on the expression vector pJL6. The fusion was such that transcription was controlled by the well-regulated phage lambda pL promoter, and translation initiated in the cII gene continued in frame into the ras gene sequences that code for p21. When the pL promoter was derepressed, the Escherichia coli cells harboring the fusion plasmid synthesized 23,000-dalton protein, which represented more than 10 percent of the total cellular protein. This protein was chimeric and contained 14 residues, which were specified by the vector; these residues were followed by all of the amino acids that make up Ha-MuSV p21ras except for four residues at the amino-terminal end. The protein appears similar to Ha-MuSV p21ras in that it undergoes immunoprecipitation by monoclonal antibodies directed toward that protein, binds guanosine diphosphate, and is capable of autophosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lautenberger, J A -- Ulsh, L -- Shih, T Y -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):858-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Transformation, Viral ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Weight ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmids ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/enzymology/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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    Translocations among antibody genes in human cancer (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: The characteristic chromosomal translocations that occur in certain human malignancies offer opportunities to understand how two gene systems can affect one another when they are accidentally juxtaposed. In the case of Burkitt lymphoma, such a translocation joins the cellular oncogene, c-myc, to a region encoding one of the immunoglobulin genes. In at least one example, the coding sequence of the rearranged c-myc gene is identical to that of the normal gene, implying that the gene must be quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, altered in its expression if it is to play a role in transformation. One might expect to find the rearranged c-myc gene in a configuration that would allow it to take advantage of one of the known immunoglobulin promoters or enhancer elements. However, the rearranged c-myc gene is often placed so that it can utilize neither of these structures. Since the level of c-myc messenger RNA is often elevated in Burkitt cells, the translocation may lead to a deregulation of the c-myc gene. Further, since the normal allele in a Burkitt cell is often transcriptionally silent in the presence of a rearranged allele, a model for c-myc regulation is suggested that involves a trans-acting negative control element that might use as its target a highly conserved portion of the c-myc gene encoding two discrete transcriptional promoters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Battey, J -- Lenoir, G -- Moulding, C -- Murphy, W -- Potter, H -- Stewart, T -- Taub, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):765-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/etiology ; Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Modulation of synapse formation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Synapses between neuroblastoma-hybrid cells and myotubes exhibit a high degree of plasticity. Increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels of the hybrid cells for several days results in the appearance of functional voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, which are required for evoked secretion of acetylcholine. The results show that cyclic AMP regulates synaptogenesis by regulating the expression of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, and suggest that cyclic AMP affects posttranslational modifications of some glycoproteins and cellular levels of certain proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nirenberg, M -- Wilson, S -- Higashida, H -- Rotter, A -- Krueger, K -- Busis, N -- Ray, R -- Kenimer, J G -- Adler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):794-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6314503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Calcium/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Retina/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
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    Expression in brain of a messenger RNA encoding a novel neuropeptide homologous to calcitonin gene-related peptide (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: As a consequence of alternative RNA processing events, a single rat gene can generate messenger RNA's (mRNA's) encoding either calcitonin or a neuropeptide referred to as alpha-type calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP). An mRNA product of a related gene has been identified in rat brain and thyroid encoding the protein precursor of a peptide differing from alpha-CGRP by only a single amino acid. The RNA encoding this peptide, which is referred to as beta-CGRP, appears to be the only mature transcript of the beta-CGRP gene. Hybridization histochemistry reveals a similar distribution of alpha- and beta-CGRP mRNA's, but their relative levels of expression vary in different cranial nerve nuclei. Thus beta-CGRP is a new member of a family of related genes with potential functions in regulating the transduction of sensory and motor information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amara, S G -- Arriza, J L -- Leff, S E -- Swanson, L W -- Evans, R M -- Rosenfeld, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*analysis ; Rats
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    Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) encodes a trans-acting factor that activates the expression of genes linked to the HTLV-III long terminal repeat. By functional mapping of complementary DNA transcripts of viral messenger RNA's the major functional domain of the gene encoding this factor was localized to a region immediately before the env gene of the virus, a region previously thought to be noncoding. This newly identified gene consists of three exons, and its transcription into messenger RNA involves two splicing events bringing together sequences from the 5' part (287 base pairs), middle (268 base pairs), and 3'part (1258 base pairs) of the HTLV-III genome. A similar messenger RNA with a truncated second exon (70 base pairs) does not encode a trans-acting function. It is proposed that this second messenger RNA is the transcript of a gene (3'-orf) located after the env gene. Messenger RNA's were also identified for the env and gag-pol genes of HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arya, S K -- Guo, C -- Josephs, S F -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):69-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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    Reversibility of progression of the transformed phenotype in Ad5-transformed rat embryo cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The carcinogenic process is extremely complex and is affected by diverse environmental and host factors. The mechanism for the gradual development of the transformed phenotype (a process termed "progression") was studied in type 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-transformed rat embryo cells. Progression was not correlated with major changes in the pattern of integration of viral DNA sequences. Instead, it was associated with an increased methylation of integrated viral sequences other than those corresponding to the E1 transforming genes of Ad5. A single exposure of progressed cells to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (Aza) resulted in a stable reversion to the unprogressed state of the original parental clone. A further selection of cells after growth in agar allowed the isolation of Aza-treated clones that had regained the progressed phenotype. These observations indicate that progression is a reversible process and suggest that progression may be associated with changes in the state of methylation of one or more specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babiss, L E -- Zimmer, S G -- Fisher, P B -- CA-33434/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1099-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; *Methylation ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Continued expression of neonatal myosin heavy chain in adult dystrophic skeletal muscle (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: The expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms was examined in normal and dystrophic chicken muscle with a monoclonal antibody specific for neonatal myosin. Adult dystrophic muscle continued to contain neonatal myosin long after it disappeared from adult normal muscle. A new technique involving western blotting and peptide mapping demonstrated that the immunoreactive myosin in adult dystrophic muscle was identical to that found in neonatal normal muscle. Immunocytochemistry revealed that all fibers in the dystrophic muscle failed to repress neonatal myosin heavy chain. These studies suggest that muscular dystrophy inhibits the myosin gene switching that normally occurs during muscle maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bandman, E -- AM31731/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):780-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Differentiation ; Chickens ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Muscles/*cytology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*metabolism ; Myosins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
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    Active T-cell receptor genes have intron deoxyribonuclease hypersensitive sites (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: The T-cell receptor beta-chain gene has a nuclease hypersensitive site in several kinds of T cells, which does not appear in B cells expressing immunoglobulins. Conversely, the kappa immunoglobulin gene shows a known hypersensitive site at its enhancer element in B cells, as expected, but this site is absent in T cells. As is the case with immunoglobulin genes, the T-cell receptor site lies within the gene, in the intron separating joining and constant region segments. These nuclease hypersensitive DNA configurations in the introns of active T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes may arise from control elements that share ancestry but have diverged to the extent that each normally acts only in lymphoid cells which use the proximal gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bier, E -- Hashimoto, Y -- Greene, M I -- Maxam, A M -- AI 19901/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 22427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):528-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3927483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Collodion ; Deoxyribonuclease I/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Immunochemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Plasticity of the differentiated state (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: Heterokaryons provide a model system in which to examine how tissue-specific phenotypes arise and are maintained. When muscle cells are fused with nonmuscle cells, muscle gene expression is activated in the nonmuscle cell type. Gene expression was studied either at a single cell level with monoclonal antibodies or in mass cultures at a biochemical and molecular level. In all of the nonmuscle cell types tested, including representatives of different embryonic lineages, phenotypes, and developmental stages, muscle gene expression was induced. Differences among cell types in the kinetics, frequency, and gene dosage requirements for gene expression provide clues to the underlying regulatory mechanisms. These results show that the expression of genes in the nuclei of differentiated cells is remarkably plastic and susceptible to modulation by the cytoplasm. The isolation of the genes encoding the tissue-specific trans-acting regulators responsible for muscle gene activation should now be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blau, H M -- Pavlath, G K -- Hardeman, E C -- Chiu, C P -- Silberstein, L -- Webster, S G -- Miller, S C -- Webster, C -- GM07149/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM26717/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD18179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):758-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2414846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Epidermis/cytology ; Fetus/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; HeLa Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Keratins/physiology ; Kinetics ; Liver/cytology ; Mice ; Muscle Development ; Muscles/cytology ; Myosins/genetics ; Phenotype ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture. The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic progenitor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, H E -- Finley, K D -- Hershberg, R M -- Katzman, S S -- Laikind, P K -- Seegmiller, J E -- Friedmann, T -- Yee, J K -- Jolly, D J -- AM 13622/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1057-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3864246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Mice ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transfection
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    Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: The 21-base pair repeat elements of the SV40 promoter contain six tandem copies of the GGGCGG hexanucleotide (GC-box), each of which can bind, with varying affinity, to the cellular transcription factor, Sp1. In vitro SV40 early RNA synthesis is mediated by interaction of Sp1 with GC-boxes I, II, and III, whereas transcription in the late direction is mediated by binding to GC-boxes III, V, and VI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gidoni, D -- Kadonaga, J T -- Barrera-Saldana, H -- Takahashi, K -- Chambon, P -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):511-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Pregnancy Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; Simian virus 40/*genetics ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Rescue of the Drosophila phototransduction mutation trp by germline transformation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: Phototransduction is the process by which light-stimulated photoreceptor cells of the visual system send electrical signals to the nervous system. Many of the steps that follow the initial event in phototransduction, absorption of light by rhodopsin, are ill-defined. The fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a means to dissect phototransduction genetically. Mutations such as transient receptor potential (trp) affect intermediate steps in phototransduction. In order to facilitate molecular studies of phototransduction, the trp gene was isolated and its identity was confirmed by complementing the mutant trpCM allele of the trp gene by P-element mediated germline transformation of a 7.1-kilobase DNA fragment. Expression of the trp gene begins late in pupal development and appears to be limited to the eyes and ocelli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montell, C -- Jones, K -- Hafen, E -- Rubin, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1040-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3933112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Mutation ; Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Measles virus matrix protein synthesized in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cell line (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Measles virus generally produces acute illness. Rarely, however, persistent infection of brain cells occurs, resulting in a chronic and fatal neurological disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Evidence indicates that expression of the measles virus matrix protein is selectively restricted in this persistent infection, but the mechanism underlying this restriction has not been identified. Defective translation of matrix messenger RNA has been described in one SSPE cell line. This report presents evidence that in a different SSPE tissue culture cell line IP-3-Ca, the matrix protein is synthesized but fails to accumulate. A general scheme is proposed to reconcile the different levels at which restriction of matrix protein has been observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheppard, R D -- Raine, C S -- Bornstein, M B -- Udem, S A -- CA13330-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 08952/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Measles virus/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/*microbiology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; Viral Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Location of the trans-activating region on the genome of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: The retrovirus involved in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HTLV-III/LAV) contains a region that is necessary for stimulation of gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat. This region is located between nucleotides 5365 and 5607, immediately 5' to the envelope gene. A doubly-spliced message containing this region could encode an 86-amino acid protein with structural features similar to those of nucleic acid-binding proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodroski, J -- Patarca, R -- Rosen, C -- Wong-Staal, F -- Haseltine, W -- CA07094/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CAA07580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A transcriptional activator protein encoded by the x-lor region of the human T-cell leukemia virus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Human T-cell leukemia viruses type I and II (HTLV-I and -II) exhibit several features characteristic of this retroviral family: the presence of an x-lor gene encoding a nuclear protein, transformation properties suggesting the involvement of a virus-associated trans-acting factor, and transcriptional trans-activation of the long terminal repeat (LTR) in infected cells. In the study described here the HTL x-lor products, in the absence of other viral proteins, were able to activate gene expression in trans directed by HTLV LTR. The regulation of the expression of particular genes in trans by HTLV x-lor products suggests that they play a role in viral replication and possibly in transformation of T lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodroski, J -- Rosen, C -- Goh, W C -- Haseltine, W -- CA07094/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA07580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1430-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
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    Malignant transformation of erythroid cells in vivo by introduction of a nonreplicating retrovirus vector (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: DNA from a replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was reconstructed and transfected into psi-2 cells containing a packaging-defective mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Replication-incompetent retrovirus particles (helper virus-free containing genomes that express the transforming envelope gene of SFFV (gp52) transformed bone marrow cells in vitro and, after direct intravenous introduction of the vector, induced malignant erythroid disease in vivo. Disease induction was dependent on prior treatment of mice with phenylhydrazine, which probably increased the availability of erythroid target cells. Since there was no evidence of virus particle expression in mice with malignant disease, this study demonstrates the acute oncogenic potential of a limited number of erythroid cells expressing SFFV gp52. Direct inoculation of animals with nonreplicating retroviral vectors containing transforming genes may be useful in study the oncogenic effects of such genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolff, L -- Ruscetti, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/analysis ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Erythroblasts/*cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; Transfection ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics ; Virion/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
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    Locus of the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor is split by chromosome translocation in T-cell leukemias (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: Mouse lymphoma cells were hybridized with two human acute T-cell leukemias with a t(11;14) (p13;q11) translocation and the segregated hybrids were examined for the presence of the DNA segments coding for the constant (C) and the variable (V) regions of the alpha chain (C alpha and V alpha) of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha segment was translocated to the involved chromosome 11 (11p+) while the V alpha segment remained on the involved chromosome 14 (14q-). The data indicate that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome band 14q11.2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- Williams, D L -- Finan, J -- Nowell, P C -- Croce, C M -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36521/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA39860/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):784-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3875152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 73
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    The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: Expression of the pX protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in animal cells demonstrates that this protein is a specific transcriptional activator of the long terminal repeats (LTR) of HTLV-I. Several other promoters are not affected by pX. No lymphocyte-specific factors are required for this activation. pX can be detected in the nucleus of transfected monkey kidney cells (line CV1) by indirect immunofluorescence. These results indicate that the pX protein is essential for the replication cycle of the virus and that it may be directly involved in the immortalization of human lymphocytes by HTLV-I.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Felber, B K -- Paskalis, H -- Kleinman-Ewing, C -- Wong-Staal, F -- Pavlakis, G N -- N01-C0-23909/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Peptides/genetics ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 74
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    Amplification of a novel v-erbB-related gene in a human mammary carcinoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-06
    Description: The cellular gene encoding the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) has considerable homology to the oncogene of avian erythroblastosis virus. In a human mammary carcinoma, a DNA sequence was identified that is related to v-erbB but amplified in a manner that appeared to distinguish it from the gene for the EGF receptor. Molecular cloning of this DNA segment and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of two putative exons in a DNA segment whose predicted amino acid sequence was closely related to, but different from, the corresponding sequence of the erbB/EGF receptor. Moreover, this DNA segment identified a 5-kilobase transcript distinct from the transcripts of the EGF receptor gene. Thus, a new member of the tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene family has been identified on the basis of its amplification in a human mammary carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, C R -- Kraus, M H -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):974-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Kinases/*genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics
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    Z-DNA: still searching for a function (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bovine papillomavirus 1/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Ustilago/genetics
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    More progress on the HTLV family (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*classification/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; RNA, Viral ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    The cytochrome P450's and their genes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Enzyme Induction ; Gene Conversion ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Neoplasms/etiology
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  • 78
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    Syrian hamster female protein: analysis of female protein primary structure and gene expression (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: The concentration in plasma of the female protein (FP) of the golden Syrian hamster is regulated by sex steroids and by mediators of the acute-phase response to tissue injury or inflammation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone corresponding to FP was isolated from a hamster liver cDNA library and used to determine the nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of native FP. The primary sequence of FP is 69 percent identical to human serum amyloid P component and 50 percent identical to human C-reactive protein. Evidence showed that sex-limited and acute-phase control of the FP gene is pretranslational. The FP protein is thus a useful model for investigating dual regulation of expression of a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dowton, S B -- Woods, D E -- Mantzouranis, E C -- Colten, H R -- AI20959/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2408337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute-Phase Proteins ; Alpha-Globulins/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; *C-Reactive Protein ; Cricetinae/*physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 79
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    Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-26
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of sympathetic or sensory neurons. A complementary DNA was cloned that corresponds to a gene sequence induced more than 50-fold in a cultured target cell line of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) 5 hours after the addition of NGF. The induced messenger RNA encodes a 90,000-dalton polypeptide that may represent one of the primary events in NGF-induced differentiation of neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levi, A -- Eldridge, J D -- Paterson, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 26;229(4711):393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3839317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Nerve Growth Factors/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 80
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    Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been obtained. Inspection of this sequence reveals a single long open reading frame of 10,233 nucleotides, which could encode a polypeptide of 3411 amino acids. The structural proteins are found within the amino-terminal 780 residues of this polyprotein; the remainder of the open reading frame consists of nonstructural viral polypeptides. This genome organization implies that mature viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, C M -- Lenches, E M -- Eddy, S R -- Shin, S J -- Sheets, R L -- Strauss, J H -- AI 10793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 20612/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics ; *Virus Replication ; Yellow fever virus/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Prooxidant states and tumor promotion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: There is convincing evidence that cellular prooxidant states--that is, increased concentrations of active oxygen and organic peroxides and radicals--can promote initiated cells to neoplastic growth. Prooxidant states can be caused by different classes of agents, including hyperbaric oxygen, radiation, xenobiotic metabolites and Fenton-type reagents, modulators of the cytochrome P-450 electron-transport chain, peroxisome proliferators, inhibitors of the antioxidant defense, and membrane-active agents. Many of these agents are promoters or complete carcinogens. They cause chromosomal damage by indirect action, but the role of this damage in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Prooxidant states can be prevented or suppressed by the enzymes of the cellular antioxidant defense and low molecular weight scavenger molecules, and many antioxidants are antipromoters and anticarcinogens. Finally, prooxidant states may modulate the expression of a family of prooxidant genes, which are related to cell growth and differentiation, by inducing alterations in DNA structure or by epigenetic mechanisms, for example, by polyadenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerutti, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):375-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cations/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/drug effects ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Hydroxides/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Microbodies/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism/physiology ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Singlet Oxygen ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/physiology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 82
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    Transfectomas provide novel chimeric antibodies (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: Methods have been developed to transfect immunoglobulin genes into lymphoid cells. The transfected genes are faithfully expressed, and assembly can occur both between the transfected and endogenous chains and between two transfected chains. Gene transfection can be used to reconstitute immunoglobulin molecules and to produce novel immunoglobulin molecules. These novel molecules can represent unique combinations of heavy and light chains; alternatively, by means of recombinant DNA technology, genes can be assembled in vitro, transfected, and expressed. The end products of such manipulations include chimeric molecules with variable regions joined to different isotypic constant regions; this is possible both within and between species. It is also possible to synthesize altered immunoglobulin molecules, as well as molecules having immunoglobulin sequences fused with nonimmunoglobulin sequences (for example, enzyme sequences).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, S L -- CA 13696/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 16858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 22736/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1202-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3929380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chimera ; DNA, Recombinant ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Hybridomas/*metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/biosynthesis/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/biosynthesis/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis/genetics ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Genetic engineering of novel genomes of large DNA viruses (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: Analyses of the function of specific genes and sequences of large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses and poxviruses present special problems because of the size of their genomes (120 to 250 kilobase pairs). Various methods for engineering site-specific insertions or deletions based on the use of selectable markers have been developed and applied for the elucidation of the function of specific DNA sequences, the identification of genes nonessential for virus growth in cell culture, and the expression of foreign genes. These methods should also make possible the construction of viral vectors capable of delivering genes specifying antigens for the prevention of infectious diseases in humans and animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roizman, B -- Jenkins, F J -- CA08494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA09241/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA19264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1208-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Poxviridae/genetics ; Simplexvirus/analysis/enzymology/*genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Virology/methods ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Human fetal muscle and cultured myotubes derived from it contain a fetal-specific myosin light chain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: Human fetal muscles at ages 110, 125, and 132 days contain a fetal-specific myosin light chain. This light chain is absent in adult human muscle, copurifies with myosin, and is identified as a slow light chain because it reacts with purified antibody to chicken slow muscle light chains and does not react strongly with antibody to fast myosin light chains. This light chain is synthesized in cultures of fetal muscle along with normal myosin light chains. The presence of a fetal light chain in culture provides a marker for studies of human muscle disease in which it is important to know when or if the muscle makes a transition from embryonic or fetal expression to true adult phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strohman, R C -- Micou-Eastwood, J -- Glass, C A -- Matsuda, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):955-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fetus/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Muscles/*embryology ; Myosins/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Directed mutagenesis of dihydrofolate reductase (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Three mutations of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the cloned Escherichia coli gene. The mutations--at residue 27, aspartic acid replaced with asparagine; at residue 39, proline replaced with cysteine; and at residue 95, glycine replaced with alanine--were designed to answer questions about the relations between molecular structure and function that were raised by the x-ray crystal structures. Properties of the mutant proteins show that Asp-27 is important for catalysis and that perturbation of the local structure at a conserved cis peptide bond following Gly-95 abolishes activity. Substitution of cysteine for proline at residue 39 results in the appearance of new forms of the enzyme that correspond to various oxidation states of the cysteine. One of these forms probably represents a species cross-linked by an intrachain disulfide bridge between the cysteine at position 85 and the new cysteine at position 39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villafranca, J E -- Howell, E E -- Voet, D H -- Strobel, M S -- Ogden, R C -- Abelson, J N -- Kraut, J -- CA17374/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM09375/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM10928/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):782-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Disulfides ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Mutation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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