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  • Time Factors  (59)
  • Genes  (42)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (101)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (101)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1982  (42)
  • 1980  (59)
  • 1939
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (101)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer  (1)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (101)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Amnesic patients acquired a mirror-reading skill at a rate equivalent to that of matched control subjects and retained it for at least 3 months. The results indicate that the class of preserved learning skills in amnesia is broader than previously reported. Amnesia seems to spare information that is based on rules or procedures, as contrasted with information that is data-based or declarative--"knowing how rather than "knowing that." The results support the hypothesis that such a distinction is honored by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, N J -- Squire, L R -- 1P50 MH 30914/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/physiopathology ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reading ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: The patterns of the occurrence of breast cancer in 11 high-risk families were evaluated by segregation and linkage analysis. These patterns were consistent with the hypothesis that increased susceptibility to breast cancer was inherited as an autosomal dominant allele with high penetrance in women. The postulated susceptibility allele in these families may be chromosomally linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.2, alanine aminotransferase) locus. Confirmation of this linkage in other families would establish the existence of a gene increasing susceptibility to breast cancer. Since there is no association in the general population between a woman's glutamate-pyruvate transaminase genotype and her cancer risk, the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase linkage cannot be used as a screening test for breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, M C -- Go, R C -- Elston, R C -- Lynch, H T -- Petrakis, N L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):406-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine Transaminase/*genetics ; Alleles ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/transmission ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Pedigree ; X Chromosome
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: Intraocular grafts of chick epithelium combined with mouse molar mesenchyme produced a variety of dental structures including perfectly formed crowns with differentiated ameloblasts depositing enamel matrix. The results suggest that the loss of teeth in Aves did not result from a loss of genetic coding for enamel synthesis in the oral epithelium but from an alteration in the tissue interactions requisite for odontogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kollar, E J -- Fisher, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):993-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amelogenesis ; Animals ; Chick Embryo/*cytology ; Culture Techniques ; Dental Enamel Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes ; Mandible/cytology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; *Odontogenesis
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The clinical laboratory is examined as a microcosm of the entire health care delivery system. The introduction of computers into the clinical laboratory raises issues that are difficult to resolve by the methods of information science or medical science applied in isolation. The melding of these two disciplines, together with the contributions of other disciplines, has created a new field of study called medical information science. The emergence of this new discipline and some specific problem-solving approaches used in its application in the clinical laboratory are examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, T L -- Korpman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):257-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*instrumentation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Time Factors
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Two types of immature B cells, namely fetal liver hybridomas and the leukemic cell line 70Z/3, both of which have cytoplasmic mu chains but no light chains, were examined for DNA rearrangements of their light chain and heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. In the fetal liver hybridomas, which were constructed from fetal liver cells and a tumor cell, no light chain gene rearrangement was observed, whereas in the 70Z/3 cell line a kappa light chain rearrangement probably occurred. The results suggest that, although the lack of light chain synthesis can be due to a lack of gene rearrangement, there may also be transcriptional regulation, which may also be important for the expression of light chain immunoglobulins in immature B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maki, R -- Kearney, J -- Paige, C -- Tonegawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1366-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Genes ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia, Experimental/*immunology ; Liver/*embryology ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings of spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 12, and 16 cycles per degree were determined for normal and disabled readers at a range of stimulus durations. Normal readers demonstrated monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at exposure durations between 40 and 100 milliseconds. At exposure durations of 150 to 1000 milliseconds, they showed peak sensitivity at 4 cycles per degree. In comparison, disabled readers showed monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at all stimulus durations. The difference in sensitivity pattern across spatial frequencies was greatest at stimulus durations approximately equal to fixation durations during reading.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovegrove, W J -- Bowling, A -- Badcock, D -- Blackwood, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/physiology ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Space Perception/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipsky, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Research Design ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newell, N -- Richards, J E -- Tucker, P W -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1128-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Mice
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: The activity of cyanide-sensitive, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in liver sytosols from H-2 congenic strains of mice. Higher SOD activity was found in livers of mice having H-2b/A.BY, B10, and C3H.SW/haplotypes than in those of H-2a, H-2k and H-2d haplotypes. Segregation studies supported these correlations. In H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the genes influencing the liver SOD activity occur, as ascertained by mapping techniques, at or near the H-2d region of the major histocompatibility complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novak, R -- Bosze, Z -- Matkovics, B -- Fachet, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):86-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Liver/enzymology ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase/*genetics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: In the normal cat, most cells in area 17 can be binocularly driven. Sectioning the corpus callosum results in a significant reduction in binocularly driven cells. Normal binocular vision is thus dependent on the corpus callosum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, B R -- Elberger, A J -- Berman, N -- Murphy, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Functional Laterality ; Time Factors ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Transformation, or DNA-mediated gene transfer, permits the introduction of new genetic information into a cell and frequently results in a change in phenotype. The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome. No unique chromosomal locations are apparent, different lines contain the transforming DNA on different chromosomes. Expression of transformed genes frequently results in the synthesis of new polypeptide products which restore appropriate mutant cells to the wild-type phenotype. Thus transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes. Transforming genes coding for selectable functions, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or thymidine kinase, have now been isolated by utilizing transformation in concert with molecular cloning. Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellicer, A -- Robins, D -- Wold, B -- Sweet, R -- Jackson, J -- Lowy, I -- Roberts, J M -- Sim, G K -- Silverstein, S -- Axel, R -- CA 16346/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 17477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1414-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA/*genetics ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Pentosyltransferases/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, J M -- Kinsbourne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*physiopathology ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: The expression of human esterase D was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in five persons with partial deletions or duplications of chromosome 13. The results showed that the locus of this enzyme is at band 13q14. Deletion of this same band in other subjects has been found previously to indicate a predisposition to the development of retinoblastoma, which was present in the four individuals in this study who had partial deletions of chromosome 13. Because of this close synteny, esterase D evaluation should aid in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of retinoblastoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sparkes, R S -- Sparkes, M C -- Wilson, M G -- Towner, J W -- Benedict, W -- Murphree, A L -- Yunis, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1042-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Esterases/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/enzymology/genetics ; Male ; Retinoblastoma/enzymology/*genetics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Many eukaryotic genes contain intevening sequences, segments of DNA that interrupt the continuity of the gene. They are removed from RNA transcripts of the gene by a process known as splicing. The intervening sequence in a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA (tRNA Tyr) suppressor gene was deleted in order to test its role in the expression of the gene. The altered gene and its parent were introduced into yeast by transformation. Both genes exhibited suppressor function, showing that the intervening sequence is not absolutely essential for the expression of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, R B -- Johnson, P F -- Tanaka, S -- Schold, M -- Itakura, K -- Abelson, J -- CA10984/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 26391/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35658/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1396-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Aequorin signals in mammalian heart muscle cells reveal the existence of two temporally distinct processes that increase cytoplasmic calcium ions after membrane excitation. The differential dependence of these processes on the pattern of stimulation suggests that the first process is, or is closely related to, calcium entry through the surface membrane and that the second is calcium release from intracellular storage sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wier, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Aequorin/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Dogs ; Heart Conduction System/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Purkinje Fibers/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Rhodamine-123, a cationic laser dye, markedly reduced the clonal growth of carcinoma cells but had little effect on nontumorigenic epithelial cells in vitro. This selective inhibitory effect of Rhodamine-123 on some carcinomas is unusual since known anticancer drugs, such as arabinosyl cytosine and methotrexate, have not been shown to exhibit such selectivity in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernal, S D -- Lampidis, T J -- Summerhayes, I C -- Chen, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma/*drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Rhodamine 123 ; Rhodamines/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Golden Syrian hamsters were placed individually in cages with three drinking bottles--one empty, one containing water, and the third containing water and ethanol. Control hamsters received water only. After 1 year the experimental hamsters showed a significantly lower concentration of leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in the basal ganglia than the control hamsters. This finding indicates that the action of ethanol involves endogenous peptidyl opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, K -- Briggs, A H -- Elston, S F -- DeLallo, L -- Sheridan, P J -- Sar, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1425-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Ganglia/*drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Endorphins/*analysis ; Enkephalin, Leucine ; Enkephalins/*analysis/metabolism ; Ethanol/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mesocricetus ; Time Factors
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerves to the superior cervical ganglion enhances the postganglionic response to single preganglionic stimuli for 1 to 3 hours. This long-term potentiation of transmission through the ganglion is apparently not attributable to a persistent muscarinic action of the preganglionic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, since neither the magnitude nor the time course of the phenomenon is reduced by atropine. The decay of long-term potentiation can be described by a first-order kinetic process with a mean time constant of 80 minutes. We conclude that long-term potentiation, once considered a unique property of the hippocampus, is in fact a more general feature of synaptic function. This form of synaptic memory may significantly influence information processing and control in other regions of the nervous system, including autonomic ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, T H -- McAfee, D A -- 12116/PHS HHS/ -- NS 16576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kirsch, I R -- Morton, C C -- Nakahara, K -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Specific consistent chromosome translocations are regularly observed in certain human leukemias and lymphomas. For the myeloid leukemias, the constant recombinants are: the long arm of 9 to chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukemia, the long arm of 21 to chromosome 8 in acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the long arm of 17 to chromosome 15 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Three related translocations are seen in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia; in each one, chromosome 8 is involved with chromosome 2, 14, or 22. Analysis of a complex translocation affecting chromosomes 8 and 14 indicates that the translocation of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14 is the critical constant rearrangement. The analysis of the DNA at the translocation sites of these chromosomes, rather than the reciprocal of each translocation, appears to be the most productive focus for initial study. The various immunoglobulin loci are located in chromosomes 2, 14, and 22, the chromosomes regularly involved in translocations in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowley, J D -- CA 16910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 19266/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 25568/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: The size of the gene pool potentially encoding antibodies to p-azophenyl arsonate has been examined. A heavy chain-specific full-length complementary DNA clone has been constructed with the use of messenger RNA from a hybridoma that produces antibodies to the arsonate hapten and bears nearly a full complement of the determinants comprising the cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). The sequences of both the complementary DNA clone and the corresponding immunoglobulin heavy chain have been independently determined. A probe for the variable region gene was prepared from the original heavy chain complementary DNA clone and used to analyze, by Southern filter hybridization, genomic DNA from both A/J (CRI positive) and BALB/c (CRI negative) mice. Approximately 20 to 25 restriction fragments containing "germline" variable region gene segments were detected in both strains, and many are shared by both, Since 35 CRI-positive heavy chains have been partially sequenced thus far and 31 are different, the results of the hybridization analysis suggest that somatic mutation events involving the variable region gene segments of the heavy chain play a role in the origin of the amino acid sequence diversity seen in this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sims, J -- Rabbitts, T H -- Estess, P -- Slaughter, C -- Tucker, P W -- Capra, J D -- A112127/PHS HHS/ -- AI-06020/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; Genes ; Haptens ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Mice ; *Mutation
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Breast-feeding is important to infant nutrition, morbidity, and mortality, and to postpartum amenorrhea (hence to birth intervals). Evidence on breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries from nationally representative World Fertility Surveys and secondary sources shows that in all but a few such countries most children are breast-fed for at least a few months. The limited evidence available on trends seems to indicate a decline in the duration of breast-feeding, but in most of Asia and Africa breast-feeding is almost universal during at least the first 6 months. Earlier weaning is common in Latin America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popkin, B M -- Bilsborrow, R E -- Akin, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1088-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Breast Feeding ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Rural Population ; South America ; Time Factors ; Urban Population
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Macht, M -- HD 10804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32 AGO-5193/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 06723/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Spectral analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in human fetal movement revealed strong oscillations at frequencies between 0.24 and 0.90 cycle per minute, which are much higher than those of the cyclic alternation of quiet and active states in the fetus and neonate. Oscillations at frequencies up to 2.88 cycles per minute were also detected, but they were usually much weaker. The prominent peaks in the fetal movement spectra are in the frequency range of recently reported neonatal motor rhythms, and indicate the existence of a cyclic process controlling spontaneous motor output that oscillates near one cycle per minute and begins to function in utero.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, S S -- Dierker, L J -- Sorokin, Y -- Rosen, M G -- M01RR00210/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50HD11089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Movement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Time Factors
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Industry ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Molecular Biology/*trends ; Mutation ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: Studies of the human hemoglobin system have provided new insights into the regulation of expression of a group of linked human genes, the gamma-delta-beta-globin gene complex in man. In particular, the thalassemia syndromes and related disorders of man are inherited anemias that provide mutations for the study of the regulation of globin gene expression. New methods, including restriction enzyme analysis and cloning of cellular DNA, have made it feasible to define more precisely the structure and organization of the globin genes in cellular DNA. Deletions of specific globin gene fragments have already been found in certain of these disorders and have been applied in prenatal diagnosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bank, A -- Mears, J G -- Ramirez, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):486-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Aberrations/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Globins/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/*biosynthesis ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Thalassemia/*genetics
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartus, R T -- Dean, R L -- Goas, J A -- Lippa, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Choline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Neurons in the torus semicircularis of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia encode phase differences between sinusoidal electrical stimuli received in different body regions. These fish normally experience time-varying phase differences when the electric organ discharge fields of two or more individuals overlap. These phase differences supply information necessary for the animal's jamming avoidance behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastian, J -- Heiligenberg, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/cytology/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Periodicity ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that pituitary hormones may be delivered directly to the brain. Concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the plasma were determined in blood samles obtained simultaneously from the carotid artery, the sagittal sinus, and the jugular vein of three awake sheep. Seizures were induced electrically to stimulate ACTH secretion, and at precise intervals thereafter several simultaneous comparisons were made in each animal. In many of the post-seizure comparisons, the ACTH plasma concentrations within the sagital sinus exceeded those within the carotid artery as well as those within the jugular vein, indicating that this hormone was released from the pituitary and carried directly through capillary beds of brain to the venous blood within the sagittal sinus. The experiment was repeated in one hypophysectomized sheep and, in this animal, ACTH concentration in the plasma was reduced, but that in the sagittal sinus still was elevated after the seizure, an indication that some ACTH (or ACTH-like material) was released from the brain itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R -- Blume, H -- Hamilton, A -- Monica, P -- Paterson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):541-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6252607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*blood supply ; Carotid Arteries ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/blood ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Sheep ; Time Factors
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Suckling is the only behavior that is common among mammals. In newborn albino rats it is originally elicited by amniotic fluid deposited by the mother during parturition. Subsequent suckling is stimulated by saliva deposited on the nipples by the infant rats. Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension, milk, systemic dehydration, and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling. The development of controls over suckling appetite appears to parallel that of consummatory control. Until about 2 weeks of age infant rats choose to suckle a nonlactating nipple with the same frequency as a lactating nipple. Thereafter, the lactating nipple is unanimously chosen. These studies suggest differences and commonalities in the suckling behavior of laboratory rats and other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blass, E M -- Teicher, M H -- AM-18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):15-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Dehydration ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; Humans ; Instinct ; Lactation ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pheromones ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Saliva ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: Pairs of hybridizable species of Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila differ qualitatively in the distributions of specific enzymes in their tissues. An examination of the patterns of enzyme expression in the hybrids showed that, in three instances, absence of an enzyme from a specific tissue was dominant to presence. Since other developmental features indicated that both parental genomes were functioning, these results suggest that, in these cases, the pattern differences in the parental species were due to diffusible factors that affected expression of the relevant structural genes rather than to differences in the genes themselves or in cis-acting regulatory sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickinson, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/enzymology ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila/embryology/*enzymology/genetics ; Genes ; *Genes, Regulator ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Malpighian Tubules/enzymology ; Octanols ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: In the goldfish Mauthner cell, inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by intracellular stimulation of presynaptic neurons decay exponentially, with a mean time constant of 6.65 milliseconds. Analysis of membrane conductance fluctuations induced by iontophoresis of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicates a mean inhibitory channel lifetime of 7.15 milliseconds. The results thus suggest that the relaxation kinetics of activated inhibitory channels are rate-limiting during decay of the inhibitory postsynaptic current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faber, D S -- Korn, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Chlorides/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Goldfish ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pons/cytology ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: In rats that were fasted for 2 to 3 days there was a decline in hypothalamic, but not pituitary, beta-endorphin. There was no change in pituitary or hypothalamic adrenocorticotropin content as a result of fasting. Endogenous opiates may be involved in physiological adaptation to fasting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gambert, S R -- Garthwaite, T L -- Pontzer, C H -- Hagen, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1271-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism ; Animals ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; *Fasting ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Maternal pain thresholds in rats were determined during various stages of pregnancy and parturition by measuring the intensity of electric shock that elicited reflexive jumping. There was a gradual rise in the pain threshold between 16 and 4 days prior to parturition and a more abrupt rise 1 to 2 days before that event. This increase was abolished by long-term administration of the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. The endorphin system is thus an important component of intrinsic mechanisms that modulate responsiveness to aversive stimuli. The data also demonstrate the activation during pregnancy of an endorphin system that is apparently quiescent in nonpregnant female rats treated the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- NIMH GRANT DA01771/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Female ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: A classical conditioning paradigm was used to demonstrate that male rats can learn to secrete luteinizing hormone and testosterone in anticipation of sexual activity. Sexually naive males were exposed to a neutral stimulus and then to a sexually receptive female once daily. After exposure to the paired stimuli for 14 trials, the neutral stimulus was as effective as the female in triggering luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion. These findings provide two novel perspectives on the control of reproductive hormone secretion in male rats: (i) environmental cues, which males learn to associate with sexual activity, induce the secretion of hormones that regulate pituitary-testis function, and (ii) classical conditioning may be used as a noninvasive method to evoke functional alterations in the secretion of luteinizing hormone and presumably the neuroendocrine pathways that mediate its release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, J M -- Desjardins, C -- HD-13470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testis/secretion ; Testosterone/*secretion ; Time Factors
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: Negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA by DNA gyrase influences all metabolic processes involving DNA and is essential for replication. Gyrase supercoils DNA by a mechanism called sign inversion, whereby a positive supercoil is directly inverted to a negative one by passing a DNA segment through a transient double-strand break. Reversal of this scheme relaxes DNA, and this mechanism also accounts for the ability of gyrase to catenate and uncatenate DNA rings. Each round of supercoiling is driven by a conformational change induced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding: ATP hydrolysis permits fresh cycles. The inhibition of gyrase by two classes of antimicrobials reflects its composition from two reversibly associated subunits. The A subunit is particularly associated with the concerted breakage-and-rejoining of DNA and the B subunit mediates energy transduction. Gyrase is a prototype for a growing class of prokaryotic and eukaryotic topoisomerases that interconvert complex forms by way of transient double-strand breaks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cozzarelli, N R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):953-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Eukaryotic Cells/enzymology ; Genes ; Macromolecular Substances ; Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology ; Novobiocin/pharmacology ; Oxolinic Acid/pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Injection of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (the amino terminal peptide containing the first 34 amino acids) to the coronary circulation of the dog resulted in a marked coronary vasodilation. The vasodilatory response was dose-dependent and amounted to a 161 percent increase over the resting flow rate at a concentration of 1.0 unit per kilogram.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crass, M F 3rd -- Pang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Circulation/*drug effects ; Dogs ; Hormones/pharmacology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Parathyroid Hormone/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects ; *Vasodilator Agents
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Swelling of nerve fibers during the action potential was demonstrated by three different methods. Generation of a propagated nerve impulse in a crab nerve produced an outward movement of 50 to 100 angstroms of the nerve surfce and a rise in swelling pressure on the order of 5 dynes per square centimeter. In squid giant axons, the amplitude of the observed outward movement of the surface was small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwasa, K -- Tasaki, I -- Gibbons, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):338-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brachyura ; Decapodiformes ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Time Factors
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Phase variation in bacteria is regulated by homologous recombination at a specific DNA site. This recombinational event causes the inversion of a 970-base-pair DNA sequence that includes the promoter necessary for transcription of a flagellar gene. The invertible segment is flanked by two sites that are necessary for the inversion and contains a gene (hin) whose product mediates the inversion event. The hin gene shows extensive homology with the TnpR gene carried on the Tn3 transposon. It is also homologous with the gin gene carried on bacteriophage mu. These relationships suggest that the phase variation system may have evolved by the association of a transposon with a resident gene and the subsequent specialization of these elements to regulate flagellar antigen expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, M -- Zieg, J -- Silverman, M -- Mandel, G -- Doolittle, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1370-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Flagellin/*genetics ; Genes ; Recombination, Genetic ; Salmonella/*genetics
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/trends
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6765994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis/*prevention & control ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: When young adults detected auditory stimuli at split-second intervals, different components of the event-related brain potentials showed markedly different speeds of recovery. The P3 component (latency 300 to 350 milliseconds) was fully recovered at intervals of less than 1.0 second, while the N1--P2 components (latencies 100 to 180 milliseconds) were markedly attenuated with stimulus repetition even at longer interstimulus intervals. Thus, the N1--P2 recovers much more slowly than a subject's ability to evaluate signals, whereas the P3 appears to be generated at the same high rates as the decision processes with which it is associated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woods, D L -- Hillyard, S A -- Courchesne, E -- Galambos, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Nonrandom chromosome rearrangements of chromosome 22 have been identified in different human malignancies. As a result of Southern blot hybridization of a c-sis probe to DNA's from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, the human homolog (c-sis) of the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus was assigned to chromosome 22. Hybrids between thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells and human fibroblasts carrying a translocation of the region q11-qter of chromosome 22 to chromosome 17 were also analyzed. These studies demonstrate that the human c-sis gene is on region 22q11 greater than qter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalla-Favera, R -- Gallo, R C -- Giallongo, A -- Croce, C M -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):686-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6291150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Genes ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dover, G A -- Strachan, T -- Coen, E S -- Brown, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Genes ; Humans
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: An extensive computer-assisted analysis of known pre-proinsulin coding sequences has shown correlations that can be interpreted as evidence for an intron-mediated juxtaposition of exons in the evolution of these genes. The evidence includes the discovery that the regions of the pre-proinsulin genes that code for the signal peptide consist of nearly tandem repeating units of nine base pairs. This pattern reappears in the C region of the genes after a large intron that occurs in three of the four genes analyzed. A model is proposed in which primordial insulin was coded for by two separate minigenes arising from a gene duplication, each with identical or nearly identical signal peptide coding regions. The minigenes fused into one transcriptional unit mediated by the large intron, and the signal peptide coding region of one of the putative minigenes evolved into the latter portion of the C peptide coding region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Douthart, R J -- Norris, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):729-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Computers ; Cricetinae ; Disulfides ; Genes ; Humans ; Insulin ; Models, Genetic ; Proinsulin/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-05-28
    Description: Mitogenic stimulation of mouse lymphocytes results in two sequential intracellular alkalinizations. The first shift of intracellular pH from 7.18 to 7.35 coincides with early biochemical events following mitogenic stimulation. The second alkalinization begins 12 hours after stimulation and rises in parallel with the rate of thymidine incorporation. The results suggest that intracellular alkalinization following stimulation may play a key role in the enhancement of cellular activation and mitogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerson, D F -- Kiefer, H -- Eufe, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1009-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; DNA Replication ; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Phosphotransferases/metabolism ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: Gene transfer and immunoselection were used in the identification of a BALB/c genomic clone containing an H-2Ld gene (clone 27.5). Transformation of thymidine kinase-negative C3H mouse L cells with the cloned 27.5 DNA together with the herpes simplex virus tk gene produced transformants expressing Ld molecules detected by radioimmune assay with monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to Ld antigens. The foreign Ld gene products expressed by cloned mouse L cell transformants were shown to be virtually indistinguishable from BALB/c spleen Ld molecules by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of H-2Ld immunoprecipitates. These results indicate that the genomic clone 27.5 contains a functional BALB/c H-2Ld gene and demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for identifying the gene products encoded by cloned genes which are members of a multigene family. Furthermore, the ability to place cell-surface recognition molecules on the surfaces of foreign cells provides a powerful opportunity for functional analyses of these molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodenow, R S -- McMillan, M -- Orn, A -- Nicolson, M -- Davidson, N -- Frelinger, J A -- Hood, L -- CA 22662/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 26199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 06965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Isoelectric Point ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):552-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genetics, Population
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 1982-09-17
    Description: Baboons implanted with intragastric catheters were given diazepam (10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) twice daily for 45 consecutive days. On days 7 and 35, they were given intramuscular injections of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788. Mild and intermediate withdrawal signs, including retching and vomiting, were observed after 7 days of diazepam, and more frequent and intense withdrawal signs, including tremor and convulsion, occurred after 35 days of diazepam. With the termination of the diazepam injections after 45 days, a mild to intermediate withdrawal syndrome was observed over the next 15-day period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lukas, S E -- Griffiths, R R -- DA-01147/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-05186/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 17;217(4565):1161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepinones/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Flumazenil ; Humans ; Male ; Papio ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*chemically induced ; Time Factors
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):434-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; Genes ; Humans ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Transcriptional control signals of a model eukaryotic protein-coding gene have been identified by a new procedure of in vitro mutagenesis. This method allows small clusters of nucleotide residues to be substituted in a site-directed manner without causing the addition or deletion of other sequences. Transcription assays of a systematic series of these clustered point mutants have led to the identification of three distinct control signals located within the 105-nucleotide residues immediately upstream from the point where transcription begins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, S L -- Kingsbury, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):316-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: A 3.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing the gene coding for the E alpha chain of an Ia (I region-associated) antigen from the BALB/c mouse has been sequenced. It contains at least three exons, which correlate with the major structural domains of the E alpha chain-the two external domains alpha 1 and alpha 2, and the transmembrane-cytoplasmic domain. The coding sequence of the mouse E alpha gene shows striking homology to its counterpart at the DNA and protein levels. The translated alpha 2 exon demonstrates significant similarity to beta 2-microglobulin, to immunoglobulin constant region domains, and to certain domains of transplantation antigens. These observations and those of others suggest that the Ia antigen, transplantation antigen, and immunoglobulin gene families share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNicholas, J -- Steinmetz, M -- Hunkapiller, T -- Jones, P -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: The sequence of a gene, denoted 27.5, encoding a transplantation antigen for the BALB/c mouse has been determined. Gene transfer studies and comparison of the translated sequence with the partial amino acid sequence of the Ld transplantation antigen establish that gene 27.5 encodes an Ld polypeptide. A comparison of the gene 27.5 sequence with several complementary DNA sequences suggests that the BALB/c mouse may contain a number of closely related L-like genes. Gene 27.5 has eight exons that correlate with the structural domains of the transplantation antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, K W -- Sher, B T -- Sun, Y H -- Eakle, K A -- Hood, L -- 1 T32 GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 06965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Interictal spikes are a simple kind of epileptic neuronal activity. Field potentials and intracellular recordings observed during interictal spikes of penicillin-treated slices of the hippocampus were reproduced by a mathematical model of a network of 100 hippocampal neurons from the region including CA2 and CA3. The model shows that this form of neuronal synchronization arises because of mutual excitation between neurons, each of which is capable of intrinsic bursting in response to a brief input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traub, R D -- Wong, R K -- NS18464/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Epilepsy/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/*physiopathology ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/physiology ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Treponema pallidum DNA was cloned in a bacteriophage. Clones were screened for expression of Treponema pallidum antigens by an in situ radioimmunoassay on nitrocellulose, with the use of subsequent reactions with syphilitic serum and radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A. One clone, which gave a strong signal, codes for at least seven antigens that react specifically with human antibodies to Treponema pallidum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walfield, A M -- Hanff, P A -- Lovett, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7041257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; Coliphages/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Treponema pallidum/*immunology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, R J -- Weis, J H -- Salstrom, J S -- Enquist, L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Viral Vaccines
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1982-04-09
    Description: Maximum expiratory flow rate at 30 percent of vital capacity above residual volume served as an index of airway obstruction in comparing the effects of leukotriene C and histamine administered by aerosol to five normal persons. Leukotriene C was 600 to 9500 times more potent than histamine on a molar basis in producing an equivalent decrement in the residual volume. The leukotriene C response was slow in onset and prolonged, reminiscent of the effects of aerosol allergen challenge in asthmatic allergic subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, J W -- Drazen, J M -- Coles, N -- McFadden, E R Jr -- Weller, P F -- Corey, E J -- Lewis, R A -- Austen, K F -- AI-00399/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-07722/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-10356/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 9;216(4542):196-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Airway Resistance/*drug effects ; Bronchi/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostaglandins F/pharmacology ; SRS-A/*pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1982-10-15
    Description: Normal human breast lobules, freshly isolated by precision microdissection of tissue stained with methylene blue chloride, were assayed for their ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis) in rabbit irises. Histologically, normal lobules from cancerous breast induced angiogenesis twice as often as lobules from noncancerous breasts, suggesting that preneoplastic transformation is diffuse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jensen, H M -- Chen, I -- DeVault, M R -- Lewis, A E -- N01-CB-84316/CB/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 15;218(4569):293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Breast/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iris/*blood supply ; Middle Aged ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Precancerous Conditions/*physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Time Factors
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Exogenous DNA sequences were introduced into the Drosophila germ line. A rosy transposon (ry1), constructed by inserting a chromosomal DNA fragment containing the wild-type rosy gene into a P transposable element, transformed germ line cells in 20 to 50 percent of the injected rosy mutant embryos. Transformants contained one or two copies of chromosomally integrated, intact ry1 that were stably inherited in subsequent generations. These transformed flies had wild-type eye color indicating that the visible genetic defect in the host strain could be fully and permanently corrected by the transferred gene. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, a DNA segment that does not confer a recognizable phenotype on recipients was also transferred into germ line chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, G M -- Spradling, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):348-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Xanthine Dehydrogenase/genetics
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Foreign gene sequences were retained in two adult mice (out of 62 analyzed) from fertilized eggs injected with a recombinant plasmid containing the human beta-globin genomic region and the herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase gene. The intact human and viral genes were found in DNA of one of the animals and, in the other, at least part of the human globin gene was present. The latter individual transmitted these sequences to its progeny in a Mendelian ration. Thus, human DNA may be incorporated into the germ line of mice for in vivo studies of regulation of gene expression in development, genetic diseases, and malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steward, T A -- Wagner, E F -- Mintz, B -- CA-60927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD-01646/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-05539/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Germ Cells ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simplexvirus/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Zygote
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Infection of hypophysectomized mice with Newcastle disease virus caused a time-dependent increase in corticosterone and interferon production. Prior treatment with dexamethasone completely inhibited the virus-induced elevation in corticosterone concentration, but did not significantly alter the interferon response. Lymphocytes appear to be the most likely source of an adrenocorticotropin-like substance that is responsible for the increased corticosterone, since spleen cells from the virus-infected, but not from control or dexamethasone-treated, hypophysectomized mice showed positive immunofluorescence with antibody to adrenocorticotropin-(1-13 amide). Thus the adrenocorticotropin-like material and interferon appear to be coordinately induced the differentially controlled products of different genes. These findings strongly suggest the existence of a lymphoid-adrenal axis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, E M -- Meyer, W J -- Blalock, J E -- AM30046/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL20201/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*physiology ; Animals ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; *Hypophysectomy ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Kinetics ; Lymph Nodes/*physiology ; Mice ; Newcastle Disease/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-02-26
    Description: The urinary excretion rate of the endogenous, amphetamine-like substance beta-phenethylamine was markedly elevated in human subjects in association with an initial parachuting experience. The increases were delayed in most subjects and were not correlated with changes in urinary pH or creatinine excretion. The data suggest a stress-related role for beta-phenethylamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paulos, M A -- Tessel, R E -- DA-01614/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM-27430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-05606/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1127-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aerospace Medicine ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phenethylamines/*urine ; Stress, Physiological/*urine ; Time Factors
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Recombinant DNA carrying the 3-kilobase transposable element was injected into Drosophila embryos of a strain that lacked such elements. Under optimum conditions, half of the surviving embryos showed evidence of P element-induced mutations in a fraction of their progeny. Direct analysis of the DNA of strains derived from such flies showed them to contain from one to five intact 3-kilobase P elements located at a wide variety of chromosomal sites. DNA sequences located outside the P element on the injected DNA were not transferred. Thus P elements can efficiently and selectively transpose from extrachromosomal DNA to the DNA of germ line chromosomes in Drosophila embryos. These observations provide the basis for efficient DNA-mediated gene transfer in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spradling, A C -- Rubin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Training improves the ability of human observers to discriminate between two similar directions of motion. This gradual improvement is specific to the direction on which an observer is trained, and it endures for several months. Improvement does not affect motion perception generally, nor does it depend on recognition of details of the movement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, K -- Sekuler, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):697-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: Two populations of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, one with low- and the other with high-affinity characteristics, are detectable in frozen, thawed, Triton-treated synaptic membrane preparations from normal brain. It is now reported that membrane preparations from rats with mild galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy show an increase in the number of low- and high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid binding sites, whereas those from rats with severe encephalopathy show only high-affinity binding sites. Thus, hepatic encephalopathy appears to involve partial degeneration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing presynaptic nerve terminals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baraldi, M -- Zeneroli, Z L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6280279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bicuculline/metabolism ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosamine ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Pregnant Swiss Webster mice were fed a diet moderately deficient in zinc from day 7 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these mice showed depressed immune function through 6 months of age. In addition, the second and third filial generations, all of which were fed only the normal control diet, continued to manifest reduced immunocompetence, although not to the same degree as in the first generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beach, R S -- Gershwin, M E -- Hurley, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*embryology ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors ; Zinc/*deficiency
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: One of the classic problems in perception is how visual information from successive fixations of a scene is integrated to form a coherent view of the scene. The results of this experiment implicate a process that integrates by summing information from successive fixations after spatially reconciling the information from each glimpse. The output of this process is a memory image that preserves the properly reconciled information from successive fixations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonides, J -- Irwin, D E -- Yantis, S -- IR03 MH36869-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Saccades ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 1982-08-06
    Description: Different patterns of fact shock activate opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia in the rat. Opioid, but not nonopioid, stress analgesia is reduced by adrenal demedullation and denervation and is potentiated by reserpine, a drug known to increase concentrations of adrenal medullary enkephalin-like peptides. It is suggested that adrenal enkephalins mediate opioid stress analgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, J W -- Tordoff, M G -- Sherman, J E -- Liebeskind, J C -- NS07628/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 6;217(4559):557-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/*physiology ; Analgesia ; Animals ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Enkephalins/*physiology ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids and a monoclonal antibody to human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase were used to identify chromosome 20 as the location of the human gene for this enzyme. The gene for adenosine deaminase had previously been mapped to this chromosome. The activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is dependent in vivo on that of adenosine deaminase, since the substrates for the deaminase, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively, inhibit and inactivate S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in genetic or drug-induced adenosine deaminase deficiency. This functional dependence and the likelihood that S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, a eukaryotic enzyme, arose later than adenosine deaminase, which occurs in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes, suggest that the occurrence of their genes on the same chromosome may have evolutionary significance. In addition, the unusual capacity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to form stable complexes with adenosine and its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, suggest that evolution of its gene may have involved recombination of a portion of the adenosine deaminase gene with an adenine nucleotide domain-coding sequence of another preexisting gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hershfield, M S -- Francke, U -- AM 00424/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20902/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 26105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/*genetics ; Adenosylhomocysteinase ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biological Evolution ; *Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hydrolases/*genetics/immunology ; Nucleoside Deaminases/*genetics
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: A rhesus monkey accurately recognized pictures in a Sternberg memory scanning experiment. When the monkey was tested with pictures that were reused during the same session, the monkey's performance was nearly identical to that of a human subject; this result demonstrates the monkeys are capable of some of the short-term retrieval mechanisms of humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sands, S F -- Wright, A A -- EY-01256/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH35202/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1333-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; *Visual Perception
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: A genetic map of 31 biochemical loci located on 17 feline syntenic (linkage) groups has been derived by somatic cell genetic analysis of cat-rodent hybrids. Most of these syntenic groups have been assigned to one of the 19 feline chromosomes. Comparative linkage analysis of the feline biochemical loci and homologous human loci revealed considerable conservation of linkage associations between the primates and the Felidae (order Carnivora). Many of these same linkage groups have not been conserved in the murine genome. The genetic and evolutionary implications of comparative mapping analysis among mammalian species are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Nash, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):257-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cats/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; Enzymes/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; Mice
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: At least ten leukocyte interferon genes and the single known fibroblast interferon gene have been localized on the pter leads to q12 region of human chromosome 9. Gene mapping was accomplished by blot hybridization of cloned interferon complementary DNA to DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids with a translocation involving human chromosome 9. Supporting evidence suggests these genes are clustered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shows, T B -- Sakaguchi, A Y -- Naylor, S L -- Goedell, D V -- Lawn, R M -- GM 20454/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 05196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Interferons/*genetics
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Swiss mouse 3T3-C2 fibroblasts, grown to confluence in monolayer culture, are shown to fuse when exposed to electric fields. Exposure to five repetitive electric pulses of about 1 kilovolt per centimeter with a duration of 50 microseconds caused approximately 20 percent of the cells to become fused (multinucleate) when 1 millimolar magnesium was present in the medium. The effects of minimum thresholds of field strength, pulse duration, and number of pulses were determined. Cell disruption was observed when the electric field exceeded 2.0 kilovolts per centimeter or the pulse was of longer duration than 120 microseconds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teissie, J -- Knutson, V P -- Tsong, T Y -- Lane, M D -- AM14574/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM28795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR5378/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):537-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Fusion/drug effects ; *Electricity ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Mice ; Time Factors
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: Microelectrode recordings were used in conjunction with antidromic activation to monitor impulse conduction along individual mammalian cerebral axons for periods of up to 165 days. Approximately half of the axons studied showed a stable conduction velocity and stable aftereffects of impulse activity. The remaining axons showed slow and progressive increases or decreases in conduction velocity overtime. In these latter axons, changes in the magnitude of the aftereffects of impulse conduction were far less pronounced than were changes in axonal conduction velocity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swadlow, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Rabbits ; Time Factors
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bross, M -- Harper, D -- Sicz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):667-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Denervation ; Flicker Fusion ; Humans ; Reticular Formation/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) occurring in the presence and in the absence of GABA-containing nerve terminals were estimated in rats in which the dense GABA projection to the substantia nigra was surgically destroyed on one side of the brain. The net increase in GABA of the denervated nigra was compared with that of the intact nigra at various times after a single injection of gama-vinyl-GABA, which irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase. Total GABA reached a maximum within 12 hours, but the GABA pool associated with nerve terminals did not increase until 36 hours and peaked at 60 hours. The onset and peak of anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizures directly paralleled the time course for the increase in GABA in nerve terminals, but was not positively correlated with that independent of the terminals. This result supports the concept that elevating GABA in nerve terminals facilitates GABA-mediated synaptic transmission and predicts anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gale, K -- Iadarola, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):288-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Aminocaproates/*pharmacology ; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Electroshock ; Nerve Endings/metabolism ; Rats ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transaminases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology ; Vigabatrin ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Two experiments show that, after taste-aversion conditioning, rats can use external retrieval cues to recall or anticipate the aversive taste solution and avoid its location without making contact with the flavor. They also show that the rat's avoidance of a conditioned aversive taste and its consumption of the aversive flavored solution can be attenuated by giving it prior runway training in which taste reward is given inconsistently on a partial reinforcement schedule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J S -- Amsel, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Extinction, Psychological ; Female ; Lithium ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Incubation of astrocytoma cells with catecholamines results in a decrease in catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and a concomitant alteration in the sedimentation properties of particulate beta-adrenergic receptors. The altered receptors exhibit agonist binding properties similar to those of receptors that are "uncoupled" from adenylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harden, T K -- Cotton, C U -- Waldo, G L -- Lutton, J K -- Perkins, J P -- GM 25163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 22490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; Cell Line ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iqbal, Z M -- Dahl, K -- Epstein, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morpholines/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Nitrosamines/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):407.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6933693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Globins/genetics ; Humans ; Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Inescapable foot shock in rats caused profound analgesia that was antagonized by naloxone or dexamethasone when shock was delivered intermittently for 30 minutes, but not when it was delivered continuously for 3 minutes. Thus, depending only on its temporal characteristics, foot-shock stress appears to activate opioid or nonopioid analgesia mechanisms. Certain forms of stress may act as natural inputs to an endogenous opiate analgesia system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, J W -- Cannon, J T -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents ; Congresses as Topic ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; *Interferons/genetics/therapeutic use
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The sequence of a human leukocyte-derived complementary DNA (cDNA), Hif-2h, which directs the formation in Escherichia coli of a polypeptide, IFN-alpha 1, with interferon (IFN) activity has been described. A second IFN cDNA, Hif-SN206, which also elicits synthesis of a biologically active IFN, IFN-alpha 2, is described in this article. Whereas IFN-alpha 2 is twice as active on human as on bovine cells, IFN-alpha 1 is 10 to 20 times more active on bovine than on human cells. As deduced from the cDNA's, the messenger RNA's for the two IFN's differ in length and in 20 percent of the nucleotides; the mature IFN polypeptides differ in 17 percent of the amino acids. Both IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2 differ from the lymphoblastoid IFN described by others. Therefore, at least three different IFN-alpha genes are expressed in man; studies on genomic DNA reveal the presence of at least eight IFN-related genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streuli, M -- Nagata, S -- Weissmann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1343-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; *Interferons/genetics ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: After more than 230 hours of practice in the laboratory, a subject was able to increase his memory span from 7 to 79 digits. His performance on other memory tests with digits equaled that of memory experts with lifelong training. With an appropriate mnemonic system, there is seemingly no limit to memory performance with practice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ericcson, K A -- Chase, W G -- Faloon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: The nonuterotropic natural estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone administered to normal young women results in a prompt and profound suppression of serum prolactin in most of the subjects. With the exception of dopamine, this is the only endogenous material known to strongly inhibit prolactin secretion, and its action suggests that the physiological regulation of prolactin by estrogens in the human is dual in nature, consisting of stimulation by estradiol and inhibition by its catechol estrogen metabolite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman, J -- Tulchinsky, D -- CA 22795/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estrogens/physiology ; Estrone/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyestrones/*pharmacology ; Prolactin/blood/*secretion ; Time Factors
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Advances in recombinant DNA technology have allowed the isolation of large numbers of biologically interesting fragments of DNA. Concomitant improvements in methods for nucleic acid sequencing have led many investigators to characterize their clones by sequencing them. This has resulted in the accumulation of such large amounts of sequence data that computer-assisted methods, with programs directed toward the manipulation of nucleic acid sequences, have become indispensable during the collection and analysis of that data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gingeras, T R -- Roberts, R J -- 1R01-CA27275-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1322-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoanalysis ; *Base Sequence ; *Computers ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral ; Genes ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; *Nucleic Acids ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):300-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Thalassemia/blood/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Structural and functional analysis of the mouse alpha-globin and beta-globin genes reveals that the globin genes are encoded in discontinous bits of coding information and that each gene locus is much more complex than was originally supposed. Each seems to consist of an array of several authentic genes as well as several apparently inactive pseudogenes. Comparison of the sequences of some of these genes to one another indicates that chromosomal DNA is a dynamic structure. Flanking and intervening sequences change in two ways: quickly, by duplication and extensive insertions and deletions, and slowly, by point mutation. Active coding sequences are usually limited to the slower mode of evolution. In addition to identifying fast and slow modes of evolution, it has also been possible to test the function of several signals that surround these genes and to identify those that appear to play a role in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Hansen, J N -- Konkel, D -- Leder, A -- Nishioka, Y -- Talkington, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1336-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):859-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation/drug effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/*prevention & control ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and muscle of Atlantic hagfish show less functional divergence than those from other fishes and higher vertebrates. The enzyme from hagfish heart (B4) displays a higher Michaelis constant for pyruvate and lower substrate inhibition at moderate pyruvate concentrations than heart isozymes from other species. These properties support the hypothesis that the ancestral vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase was a muscle (A4)-type enzyme and also suggest a role for the B4 enzyme in the unusual physiology of hagfish cardiac tissue which functions under sustained hypoxic conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidell, B D -- Beland, K F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):769-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Fishes/genetics/*physiology ; Genes ; Isoenzymes ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Pyruvates/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Three-month-old infants learned to activate a crib mobile by means of operant footkicks. Retention of the conditioned response was assessed during a cued recall test with the nonmoving mobile. Although forgetting is typically complete after an 8-day retention interval, infants who received a reactivation treatment--a brief exposure to the reinforcer 24 hours before retention testing--showed no forgetting after retention intervals of either 2 or 4 weeks. Further, the forgetting function after a reactivation treatment did not differ from the original forgetting function. These experiments demonstrate that (i) "reactivation" or "reinstatement" is an effective mechanism by which early experiences can continue to influence behavior over lengthy intervals and (ii) memory deficits in young infants are best viewed as retrieval deficits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rovee-Collier, C K -- Sullivan, M W -- Enright, M -- Lucas, D -- Fagen, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; *Infant ; Memory/*physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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