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  • Base Sequence  (49)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (49)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (49)
  • 1982  (23)
  • 1980  (26)
  • 1939
  • 1938
  • 1936
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (49)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1980-1984  (49)
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: In the report by T. Kakunaga and J. D. Crow (25 July, p. 505), Fig. 1 on page 506 should have been printed as follows: [See figure in the PDF file]〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dayhoff, M O -- Schwartz, R M -- Chen, H R -- Hunt, L T -- Barker, W C -- Orcutt, B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Information Systems ; *Nucleic Acids
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: The distribution of active polyadenylate-messenger RNA sequences in fractionated chicken liver chromatin was examined. A portion of these active gene sequences is concentrated in a DNA fraction retained by tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal proteins, while the nonretained DNA fraction is substantially depleted of a portion of these sequences. These findings suggest that the tightly bound nonhistones are physically associated with a subset of active gene sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gates, D M -- Bekhor, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):661-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Genes ; Liver/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sodium Chloride
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, G E -- Stackebrandt, E -- Hespell, R B -- Gibson, J -- Maniloff, J -- Dyer, T A -- Wolfe, R S -- Balch, W E -- Tanner, R S -- Magrum, L J -- Zablen, L B -- Blakemore, R -- Gupta, R -- Bonen, L -- Lewis, B J -- Stahl, D A -- Luehrsen, K R -- Chen, K N -- Woese, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):457-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6771870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*classification ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/analysis ; Clostridium/classification ; Cyanobacteria/classification ; DNA/analysis ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/*analysis ; Species Specificity
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):887-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chemistry/history ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; History, 20th Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *Nobel Prize
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Cloned repetitive DNA sequences were used to determine the number of homologous RNA transcripts in the eggs of two sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus. The eggs of these species contain different amounts of RNA, and their genomes contain different numbers of copies of the cloned repeats. The specific pattern of repetitive sequence representation in the two egg RNA's is nonetheless quantitatively similar. The evolutionary conservation of this pattern suggests the functional importance of repeat sequence expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, G P -- Costantini, F D -- Posakony, J W -- Davidson, E H -- Britten, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovum/physiology ; Plasmids ; RNA/*genetics ; Sea Urchins/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newell, N -- Richards, J E -- Tucker, P W -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1128-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Mice
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: A 15.0-kilobase (kb) Eco RI DNA fragment from normal mouse Balb/c genomic DNA that contains sequences (sarc) homologous to the acquired cell sequences (src) of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) has been cloned in phage lambda. The sarc region (1.2 to 1.3 kb) of the 15.0-kb cell fragment is indistinguishable from the src region of two isolates of MSV as judged by heteroduplex and restriction endonuclease analyses. The cellular sequences flanking sarc show no homology to other MSV sequences. Whereas cloned subgenomic portions of MSV that contain src transformed NIH-3T3 cells in vitro, the cloned sarc fragment is inactive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oskarsson, M -- McClements, W L -- Blair, D G -- Maizel, J V -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1222-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The human genes for growth hormone (GH), chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), and a third growth hormone-like gene (GHL) have been located on chromosome 17 in humans. DNA fragments of 2.6, 2.8, and 9.5 kilobase pairs containing GH, CSH, and GHL, respectively, were identified in human genomic DNA, and a 7.5-kilobase DNA fragment related to growth hormone DNA sequences was found in mouse cells. In somatic hybrids of human and mouse cells containing reduced numbers of human chromosomes, but a normal complement of mouse chromosomes, the mouse, 7.5-kolobase DNA fragment was always present, whereas the 2.6-, 2.8-, and 9.5-kilobase human fragments were present only when human chromosome 17 was also present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owerbach, D -- Rutter, W J -- Martial, J A -- Baxter, J D -- Shows, T B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):289-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; *DNA/metabolism ; *Genes ; Growth Hormone/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Placental Lactogen/*biosynthesis ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Two unstable mutations at the his4 locus of yeast are due to the insertion of the transposable elements Ty912 and Ty917 into the his4 regulatory region. The two transposons are related, one being derived from the other by a substitution of 4000 base pairs of DNA. Element Ty912 includes identical terminal repeats, whereas the terminal repeats of Ty917 are not identical. Transposition of Ty912 or Ty917 generates 5-base-pair duplications of the target DNA at either end of the element. Expression and reversion of a his4 gene containing Ty912 or Ty917 is controlled by three unlinked regulatory genes. The properties of these regulatory genes are similar to those described for the controlling elements in maize.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roeder, G S -- Farabaugh, P J -- Chaleff, D T -- Fink, G R -- CA23441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07617/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM15408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1375-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; Histidine/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Many eukaryotic genes contain intevening sequences, segments of DNA that interrupt the continuity of the gene. They are removed from RNA transcripts of the gene by a process known as splicing. The intervening sequence in a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA (tRNA Tyr) suppressor gene was deleted in order to test its role in the expression of the gene. The altered gene and its parent were introduced into yeast by transformation. Both genes exhibited suppressor function, showing that the intervening sequence is not absolutely essential for the expression of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, R B -- Johnson, P F -- Tanaka, S -- Schold, M -- Itakura, K -- Abelson, J -- CA10984/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 26391/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35658/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1396-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: The 14S messenger RNA (1300 to 1500 nucleotides) for the alpha A chain of alpha-crystallin of the mammalian lens is nearly three times larger than required to code for the polypeptide that contains 173 amino acids. As a means of accounting for this anomaly, a complementary DNA clone for the mouse alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA was constructed in pBR322 and sequenced. Derivation of the protein sequence from the nucleic acid sequence showed that mouse alpha A-crystallin is similar to that of other organisms. The messenger RNA contains 536 nucleotides located on the 3' side of the coding region, excluding the polyadenylate stretch. This 3' sequence does not encode any other crystallin and has multiple termination codons in the three possible reading frames.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, C R -- Shinohara, T -- Piatigorsky, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):817-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *DNA/*analysis ; *Information Systems
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):621-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Avian myeloblastosis virus is defective in reproductive capacity, requiring a helper virus to provide the viral proteins essential for synthesis of new infectious virus. This virus arose by recombination of the nondefective helper virus and host cellular sequences present within the normal avian genome. These latter sequences are essential for leukemogenic activity. The complete nucleotide sequence of this region is reported. Within the acquired cellular sequences there is an open reading frame of 795 nucleotides starting with the initiation codon ATG (adenine, thymine, guanine) and terminating with the triplet TAG. This open reading frame could code for the putative transforming protein of 265 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rushlow, K E -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- Baluda, M A -- Perbal, B -- Chirikjian, J G -- Reddy, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Leukosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chickens/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Simian sarcoma virus (SSV) deletion mutants were constructed from a molecular clone containing the entire infectious provirus. Transfection analysis of these mutants localized the SSV transforming gene to a small region of the viral genome encompassing its cell-derived sequence (v-sis). Antiserum to a peptide synthesized on the basis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the SSV transforming gene detected a 28,000-dalton protein that was specifically expressed in SSV transformed cells and that corresponded in size to that predicted from the v-sis coding sequence. The v-sis gene product designated p28sis was not a phosphoprotein, nor did it possess detectable protein kinase activity. These findings distinguish p28sis from a number of other retroviral onc proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robbins, K C -- Devare, S G -- Reddy, E P -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1131-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; *Oncogenes ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/immunology
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-06-04
    Description: A family of related sequences that includes approximately 500,000 members is the most prominent short dispersed repeat family in primate and rodent DNA's. The primate sequence is approximately 300 base pairs in length and is composed of two imperfectly repeated monomer units, whereas the rodent repeat consists of only a single monomer. Properties of this repeat sequence, its flanking sequences in chromosomal DNA, and RNA's transcribed from it suggest that it may be a mobile DNA element inserted at hundreds of thousands of different chromosomal locations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, C W -- Jelinek, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1065-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Genetic Linkage ; Muridae/genetics ; Primates/genetics ; RNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear/genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Transfer RNA's are probably very strongly selected for translational efficiency. In this article, the argument is presented that the coding performance of the triplet anticodon is enhanced by selection of a matching anticodon loop and stem sequence. the anticodon plus these nearby sequence features (the extended anticodon) therefore contains more coding information than the anticodon alone and can perform more efficiently and accurately at the ribosome. This idea successfully accounts for the relative efficiencies of many transfer RNA's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarus, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):646-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6753149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Industry ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Molecular Biology/*trends ; Mutation ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Chemically synthesized DNA has been used in many recombinant DNA studies. These uses have included the total synthesis and cloning of functional genes, the cloning and expression of natural genes, and editing of changing genes by directed mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itakura, K -- Riggs, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1401-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Genes ; *Genes, Synthetic ; Insulin/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemical synthesis ; Somatostatin/genetics
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Phase variation in bacteria is regulated by homologous recombination at a specific DNA site. This recombinational event causes the inversion of a 970-base-pair DNA sequence that includes the promoter necessary for transcription of a flagellar gene. The invertible segment is flanked by two sites that are necessary for the inversion and contains a gene (hin) whose product mediates the inversion event. The hin gene shows extensive homology with the TnpR gene carried on the Tn3 transposon. It is also homologous with the gin gene carried on bacteriophage mu. These relationships suggest that the phase variation system may have evolved by the association of a transposon with a resident gene and the subsequent specialization of these elements to regulate flagellar antigen expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, M -- Zieg, J -- Silverman, M -- Mandel, G -- Doolittle, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1370-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Flagellin/*genetics ; Genes ; Recombination, Genetic ; Salmonella/*genetics
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/trends
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Description: Four recombinant lambda phages containing nucleotide sequences complementary to a cloned human preproinsulin DNA probe have been isolated from human DNA. Restriction analyses in conjunction with Southern hybridizations reveal two types of gene sequences. One isolate of each type was subjected to complete nucleotide sequence determination. The sequences contain the entire preproinsulin messenger RNA region, two intervening sequence. 260 nucleotides upstream from the messenger RNA capping site, and 35 nucleotides beyond the polyadenylate attachment site. Our results strongly suggest that these two gene types are allelic variants of a single insulin gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ullrich, A -- Dull, T J -- Gray, A -- Brosius, J -- Sures, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 1;209(4456):612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6248962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Insulin/*biosynthesis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Proinsulin/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: A 311-base pair fragment containing the SV40 origin of replication was linked to the chicken thymidine kinase gene on a recombinant plasmid. This molecule was transfected into human 143 thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) cells, and colonies positive for thymidine kinase were selected. When cell lines derived from these colonies were fused to permissive simian cells that produce SV40 T antigen, the recombinant plasmid excised itself from the human cellular genome and replicated with a high copy number per cell. These results show that this segment of the viral genome is the only sequence required in cis to mediate SV40 excision and replication upon fusion to permissive cells. In addition, we have shown that excised plasmids apparently identical to the input DNA can be efficiently rescued in Escherichia coli. SV40 excision and replication may therefore be useful for the recovery of cloned genes from eukaryotic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, S E -- Liu, C P -- Botchan, M R -- CA 30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Simian virus 40/*genetics ; *Virus Replication
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: Cellular genes potentially capable of inducing oncogenic transformation have been identified by homology to the transforming genes of retroviruses and by the biological activity of cellular DNA's in transfection assays. DNA's of various tumors induce transformation with high efficiencies, indicating that oncogenesis can involve dominant genetic alterations resulting in activation of cellular transforming genes. The identification and characterization of cellular transforming genes and their possible involvement in naturally occurring cancers, is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):801-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6285471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Rats ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Research on the early development of the sea urchin offers new insights into the process of embryogenesis. Maternal messenger RNA stored in the unfertilized egg supports most of the protein synthesis in the early embryo, but the structure of maternal transcripts suggests that additional functions are also possible. The overall developmental patterns of transcription and protein synthesis are known, and current measurements describe the expression of specific genes, including the histone genes, the ribosomal genes, and the actin genes. Possible mechanisms of developmental commitment are explored for regions of the early embryo that give rise to specified cell lineages, such as the micromere-mesenchyme cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, E H -- Hough-Evans, B R -- Britten, R J -- GM20927/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD05753/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR00986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):17-26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gastrula/physiology ; Histones/genetics ; Kinetics ; Larva/physiology ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Sea Urchins/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Harvey murine sarcoma virus is a retrovirus which transforms cells by means of a single virally encoded protein called p21 has. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 1.0 kilobase in the 5' half of the viral genome which encompasses the has coding sequences and its associated regulatory signals. The nucleotide sequence has identified the amino acid sequence of two additional overlapping polypeptides which share their reading frames and the carboxyl termini with p21 but which contain additional NH2-terminal amino acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dhar, R -- Ellis, R W -- Shih, T Y -- Oroszlan, S -- Shapiro, B -- Maizel, J -- Lowy, D -- Scolnick, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):934-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; Defective Viruses/*genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras) ; Peptide Fragments ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/analysis/*genetics
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: An extensive computer-assisted analysis of known pre-proinsulin coding sequences has shown correlations that can be interpreted as evidence for an intron-mediated juxtaposition of exons in the evolution of these genes. The evidence includes the discovery that the regions of the pre-proinsulin genes that code for the signal peptide consist of nearly tandem repeating units of nine base pairs. This pattern reappears in the C region of the genes after a large intron that occurs in three of the four genes analyzed. A model is proposed in which primordial insulin was coded for by two separate minigenes arising from a gene duplication, each with identical or nearly identical signal peptide coding regions. The minigenes fused into one transcriptional unit mediated by the large intron, and the signal peptide coding region of one of the putative minigenes evolved into the latter portion of the C peptide coding region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Douthart, R J -- Norris, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):729-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Computers ; Cricetinae ; Disulfides ; Genes ; Humans ; Insulin ; Models, Genetic ; Proinsulin/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):434-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Transcriptional control signals of a model eukaryotic protein-coding gene have been identified by a new procedure of in vitro mutagenesis. This method allows small clusters of nucleotide residues to be substituted in a site-directed manner without causing the addition or deletion of other sequences. Transcription assays of a systematic series of these clustered point mutants have led to the identification of three distinct control signals located within the 105-nucleotide residues immediately upstream from the point where transcription begins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, S L -- Kingsbury, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):316-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: A 3.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing the gene coding for the E alpha chain of an Ia (I region-associated) antigen from the BALB/c mouse has been sequenced. It contains at least three exons, which correlate with the major structural domains of the E alpha chain-the two external domains alpha 1 and alpha 2, and the transmembrane-cytoplasmic domain. The coding sequence of the mouse E alpha gene shows striking homology to its counterpart at the DNA and protein levels. The translated alpha 2 exon demonstrates significant similarity to beta 2-microglobulin, to immunoglobulin constant region domains, and to certain domains of transplantation antigens. These observations and those of others suggest that the Ia antigen, transplantation antigen, and immunoglobulin gene families share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNicholas, J -- Steinmetz, M -- Hunkapiller, T -- Jones, P -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: The sequence of a gene, denoted 27.5, encoding a transplantation antigen for the BALB/c mouse has been determined. Gene transfer studies and comparison of the translated sequence with the partial amino acid sequence of the Ld transplantation antigen establish that gene 27.5 encodes an Ld polypeptide. A comparison of the gene 27.5 sequence with several complementary DNA sequences suggests that the BALB/c mouse may contain a number of closely related L-like genes. Gene 27.5 has eight exons that correlate with the structural domains of the transplantation antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, K W -- Sher, B T -- Sun, Y H -- Eakle, K A -- Hood, L -- 1 T32 GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 06965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: The conformation and dynamics of the d(CGCGAATTCGCG) duplex, its analogs containing mismatched base pairs and helix interruptions, and its complexes with actinomycin and Netropsin, bound separately and simultaneously, have been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in aqueous solution. Structural information has been deduced from chemical shift and nuclear Overhauser effect parameters, while the kinetics have been probed from line width and saturation recovery experiments on proton and phosphorus markers at the individual base pair level. These studies lead to an improved understanding of the role of nucleic acid sequence on the structure, flexibility, and conformational interconversions in the duplex state. The nuclear magnetic resonance measurements readily identify helix modification and antibiotic binding sites on the nucleic acid and estimate the extent to which the observed conformational and dynamic perturbations are transmitted to adjacent base pair regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patel, D J -- Pardi, A -- Itakura, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):581-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6280281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Dna ; Dactinomycin ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Motion ; Netropsin ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Protons ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Temperature
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, R J -- Weis, J H -- Salstrom, J S -- Enquist, L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Viral Vaccines
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-08-06
    Description: The sequence of two human beta-tubulin pseudogenes is described. One contains an intervening sequence but lacks sequences encoding the 55 N-terminal amino acids of the polypeptide chain. A second has no introns but has a polyadenylate signal and an oligoadenylate tract at its 3' end, and it is flanked by a short direct repeat. These sequences have arisen by different mechanisms, including one that probably involves reverse transcription of a processed messenger RNA and reintegration of the complementary DNA copy into the genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilde, C D -- Crowther, C E -- Cowan, N J -- GM26456/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 6;217(4559):549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Tubulin/*genetics
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Foreign gene sequences were retained in two adult mice (out of 62 analyzed) from fertilized eggs injected with a recombinant plasmid containing the human beta-globin genomic region and the herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase gene. The intact human and viral genes were found in DNA of one of the animals and, in the other, at least part of the human globin gene was present. The latter individual transmitted these sequences to its progeny in a Mendelian ration. Thus, human DNA may be incorporated into the germ line of mice for in vivo studies of regulation of gene expression in development, genetic diseases, and malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steward, T A -- Wagner, E F -- Mintz, B -- CA-60927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD-01646/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-05539/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Germ Cells ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simplexvirus/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Zygote
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Recombinant DNA carrying the 3-kilobase transposable element was injected into Drosophila embryos of a strain that lacked such elements. Under optimum conditions, half of the surviving embryos showed evidence of P element-induced mutations in a fraction of their progeny. Direct analysis of the DNA of strains derived from such flies showed them to contain from one to five intact 3-kilobase P elements located at a wide variety of chromosomal sites. DNA sequences located outside the P element on the injected DNA were not transferred. Thus P elements can efficiently and selectively transpose from extrachromosomal DNA to the DNA of germ line chromosomes in Drosophila embryos. These observations provide the basis for efficient DNA-mediated gene transfer in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spradling, A C -- Rubin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-05-21
    Description: Retroviruses have proved to be useful reagents for studying genetic and epigenetic (such as regulatory) changes in eukaryotic cells, for assessing functional and structural relationships between transposable genetic elements, for inducing insertional mutations, including some important in oncogenesis, and for transporting genes into eukaryotic cells, either after natural transduction of putative cellular oncogenes or after experimental construction of recombinant viruses. Many of these properties of retroviruses depend on their capacity to establish a DNA (proviral) form of their RNA genomes as a stable component of host chromosomes, in either somatic or germinal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, H E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):812-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Mutation ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: The transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) is a virally encoded 21-kilodalton protein called p21 kis. The sequences encoding p21 kis were genetically localized to a 1.3-kilobase segment near the 5' end of the viral genome by assaying the capacity of a series of defined deletion mutants of molecularly cloned Ki-MuSV DNA to induce focal transformation of mouse cells. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this region has led to the identification of an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for p21 kis protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchida, N -- Ryder, T -- Ohtsubo, E -- CA-22701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras) ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Immunoglobulin class switching involves specific DNA rearrangements of the gene segments coding for heavy chain constant regions (CH) during B lymphocyte differentiation. In two different cases of C mu to C alpha switching examined here (T15 and M603) and one taken from the literature (MC101), three different sites on the 5' side of C mu and three different sites on the 5' side of C alpha are joined together in the process of CH switching. The sequences surrounding the three germ-line C alpha sites of recombination are highly conserved blocks of 30 nucleotides that may serve as recognition sequences for CH switching to the C alpha gene. This putative recognition sequence is repeated 17 times in approximately 1400 nucleotides of the germ-line Calpha 5' flanking sequence. The lack of homology between this C alpha sequence and sequences reported for the C gamma 1 and C gamma 2b switch sites suggests that heavy chain switching is mediated by class-specific recognition sequences and, presumably, class-specific regulatory mechanisms. In addition, it appears that in one example (MC101) CH switching progressed from C mu to C alpha to C gamma 1. This switching pathway may present difficulties for the simple deletional model of CH switching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M M -- Kim, S K -- Hood, L E -- AI 09072/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM 07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PCM76-81546/PC/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1360-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Mice ; Myeloma Proteins/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The alpha-like and beta-like subunits of human hemoglobin are encoded by a small family of genes that are differentially expressed during development. Through the use of molecular cloning procedures, each member of this gene family has been isolated and extensively characterized. Although the alpha-like and beta-like globin genes are located on different chromosomes, both sets of genes are arranged in closely linked clusters. In both clusters, each of the genes is transcribed from the same DNA strand, and the genes are arranged in the order of their expressions during development. Structural comparisons of immediately adjacent genes within each cluster have provided evidence for the occurrence of gene duplication and correction during evolution and have led to the discovery of pseudogenes, genes that have acquired numerous mutations that prevent their normal expression. Recently, in vivo and in vitro systems for studying the expression of cloned eukaryotic genes have been developed as a means of identifying DNA sequences that are necessary for normal gene function. This article describes the application of an in vitro transcription procedure to the study of human globin gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proudfoot, N J -- Shander, M H -- Manley, J L -- Gefter, M L -- Maniatis, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1329-36.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell-Free System ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; *Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; Globins/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/*genetics ; Humans ; Operon ; RNA Caps ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The sequence of a human leukocyte-derived complementary DNA (cDNA), Hif-2h, which directs the formation in Escherichia coli of a polypeptide, IFN-alpha 1, with interferon (IFN) activity has been described. A second IFN cDNA, Hif-SN206, which also elicits synthesis of a biologically active IFN, IFN-alpha 2, is described in this article. Whereas IFN-alpha 2 is twice as active on human as on bovine cells, IFN-alpha 1 is 10 to 20 times more active on bovine than on human cells. As deduced from the cDNA's, the messenger RNA's for the two IFN's differ in length and in 20 percent of the nucleotides; the mature IFN polypeptides differ in 17 percent of the amino acids. Both IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-alpha 2 differ from the lymphoblastoid IFN described by others. Therefore, at least three different IFN-alpha genes are expressed in man; studies on genomic DNA reveal the presence of at least eight IFN-related genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streuli, M -- Nagata, S -- Weissmann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1343-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; *Interferons/genetics ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: In vitro genetic techniques were used to study the sequence requirements for the initiation of specific transcription. Deletion mutants were constructed around the putative promoter of the adenovirus-2 major late and chicken conalbumin genes. Specific transcription in vitro by RNA polymerase B together with a HeLa cell cytoplasmic extract was used as the test for promoter function. With this approach sequences which are essential for the initiation of specific transcription in vitro, were shown to be located between 12 and 32 base pairs upstream from the 5' end of these genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corden, J -- Wasylyk, B -- Buchwalder, A -- Sassone-Corsi, P -- Kedinger, C -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/*physiology ; *Operon ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, W A -- Lo, K M -- D'Andrea, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):929-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Benzopyrenes/*pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; *DNA, Bacterial ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epoxy Compounds ; Hydrolysis ; Lac Operon ; Mutagens ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: Half of the nucleotide substitutions during the evolutionary divergence of genes in animals, bacteria, and viruses are silent changes. These result from an inherent biochemical property of DNA and are fixed by genetic drift. Evolution may be viewed as a device for protecting DNA molecules from extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jukes, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):973-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Structural and functional analysis of the mouse alpha-globin and beta-globin genes reveals that the globin genes are encoded in discontinous bits of coding information and that each gene locus is much more complex than was originally supposed. Each seems to consist of an array of several authentic genes as well as several apparently inactive pseudogenes. Comparison of the sequences of some of these genes to one another indicates that chromosomal DNA is a dynamic structure. Flanking and intervening sequences change in two ways: quickly, by duplication and extensive insertions and deletions, and slowly, by point mutation. Active coding sequences are usually limited to the slower mode of evolution. In addition to identifying fast and slow modes of evolution, it has also been possible to test the function of several signals that surround these genes and to identify those that appear to play a role in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Hansen, J N -- Konkel, D -- Leder, A -- Nishioka, Y -- Talkington, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1336-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: Recombinant bacterial plasmids that contain DNA complementary to human preproinsulin messenger RNA have been constructed. One clone contains the entire preproinsulin coding region, as well as the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA and eight nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region. Additional sequence information for the 5' untranslated region was obtained with the use of insulinoma messenger RNA in conjunction with specific primers from the cloned DNA for enzymatic chain termination sequence analysis. The results confirm the amino acid sequence of human proinsulin previously determined, and predict the amino acid sequence of the human preproinsulin signal peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sures, I -- Goeddel, D V -- Gray, A -- Ullrich, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):57-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6927840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Humans ; Insulin ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleotides/*genetics ; Proinsulin/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: The molecular structure of a mouse immunoglobulin D from a plasmacytoma tumor and that of the normal mouse gene coding for immunoglobulin D are presented. The DNA sequence results indicate an unusual structure for the tumor delta chain in two respects: (i) Only two constant (C) region domains, termed C delta 1 and C delta 3 by homology considerations, are found; the two domains are separated by an unusual hinge region C delta H that lacks cysteine residues and thus cannot provide the covalent cross-links between heavy chains typically seen in immunoglobulins. The two domains and hinge are all coded on separate exons. (ii) At the carboxyl end of the delta chain there is a stretch of 26 amino acids that is coded from an exon located 2750 to 4600 base pairs downstream from the rest of the gene. Analogy with immunoglobulin M suggests that this distally coded segment C delta DC may have a membrane-binding function; however, it is only moderately hydrophobic. A fifth potential exon (C delta AC), located adjacent to the 3' (carboxyl) end of C delta 3, could code for a stretch of 49 amino acids. The tumor's expression of the delta gene may be aberrant, but the simplest interpretation would be that this tumor expresses one of the several biologically significant forms of the delta chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker, P W -- Liu, C P -- Mushinski, J F -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1353-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6968091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; *Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin D/*genetics ; Mice ; Myeloma Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Yeast transformation can be used to insert new sequence arrangements into a variety of chromosomal locations by homologous recombination. These newly inserted sequences can recombine with similar sequences located on other chromosomes. In these events, information is duplicated without being lost at the site from which it is derived. Similar mechanisms might be utilized by cells to provide new functions during development or differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scherer, S -- Davis, R W -- GM21891/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1380-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Fungal/*genetics ; Gene Conversion ; Histidine/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Crown gall tumors are induced in plants by infection with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Because the tumor induction involves transfer of a portion of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid DNA from the bacterium to the plant cells, this system is of interest for the study of genetic exchange as well as tumor induction. The boundaries of the transferred DNA (T-DNA) have been cloned from transformed plant cells of tobacco. Detailed mapping with restriction enzymes and nucleotide sequence analysis of two independent clones were used to study the molecular structure of the ends of the T-DNA. One clone contains the two ends of the T-DNA joined together; the other contains one end of the T-DNA joined to repetitive plant DNA sequences. These studies provide direct evidence that the T-DNA can be integrated into the plant genome. In addition, the data suggest that in the plant, T-DNA can be tandemly repeated. Sequence analysis of the junction of crown gall clone 1 reveals several direct repeats as well as an inverted repeat; these structures may be involved in the transfer of the DNA from Agrobacterium to plant cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zambryski, P -- Holsters, M -- Kruger, K -- Depicker, A -- Schell, J -- Van Montagu, M -- Goodman, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1385-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Plant Tumors/*microbiology ; Plants, Toxic ; *Plasmids ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rhizobium/*genetics ; Tobacco ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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