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  • Signal Transduction  (192)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (192)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer
  • 2005-2009  (57)
  • 1995-1999  (135)
  • 2006  (57)
  • 1998  (96)
  • 1995  (39)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (192)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer
Years
  • 2005-2009  (57)
  • 1995-1999  (135)
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: During embryogenesis, stem cells are set aside to fuel the postnatal hair cycle and repair the epidermis after injury. To define how hair follicle stem cells are specified and maintained in an undifferentiated state, we developed a strategy to isolate and transcriptionally profile embryonic hair progenitors in mice. We identified Lhx2 as a transcription factor positioned downstream of signals necessary to specify hair follicle stem cells, but upstream from signals required to drive activated stem cells to terminally differentiate. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we uncovered a role for Lhx2 in maintaining the growth and undifferentiated properties of hair follicle progenitors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhee, Horace -- Polak, Lisa -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R01 AR031737/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR031737-24/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1946-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermis/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hair/embryology/growth & development ; Hair Follicle/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Morphogenesis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mustelin, Tomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1902-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program on Inflammatory Disease Research, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, and Program of Signal Transduction, Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. tmustelin@burnham.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; *Autoimmunity ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Integrins/physiology ; Ligands ; Lymph Nodes/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neels, Jaap G -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA. jolefsky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; Malonyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Obesity/therapy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linden, Joel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jlinden@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apyrase/pharmacology ; *Autocrine Communication ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ; Neutrophils/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Respiratory Burst/drug effects ; Signal Transduction
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: Aortic aneurysm and dissection are manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Selected manifestations of MFS reflect excessive signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines. We show that aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of MFS is associated with increased TGF-beta signaling and can be prevented by TGF-beta antagonists such as TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, losartan. AT1 antagonism also partially reversed noncardiovascular manifestations of MFS, including impaired alveolar septation. These data suggest that losartan, a drug already in clinical use for hypertension, merits investigation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MFS and has the potential to prevent the major life-threatening manifestation of this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habashi, Jennifer P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Holm, Tammy M -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Cooper, Timothy K -- Myers, Loretha -- Klein, Erin C -- Liu, Guosheng -- Calvi, Carla -- Podowski, Megan -- Neptune, Enid R -- Halushka, Marc K -- Bedja, Djahida -- Gabrielson, Kathleen -- Rifkin, Daniel B -- Carta, Luca -- Ramirez, Francesco -- Huso, David L -- Dietz, Harry C -- K08 HL067056/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):117-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/etiology/*prevention & control ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Elastic Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Losartan/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy/pathology ; Marfan Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Propranolol/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology/Pediatrics (Neurology), University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. diciccem@umdnj.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/cytology/embryology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Cells must amplify external signals to orient and migrate in chemotactic gradient fields. We find that human neutrophils release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the leading edge of the cell surface to amplify chemotactic signals and direct cell orientation by feedback through P2Y2 nucleotide receptors. Neutrophils rapidly hydrolyze released ATP to adenosine that then acts via A3-type adenosine receptors, which are recruited to the leading edge, to promote cell migration. Thus, ATP release and autocrine feedback through P2Y2 and A3 receptors provide signal amplification, controlling gradient sensing and migration of neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yu -- Corriden, Ross -- Inoue, Yoshiaki -- Yip, Linda -- Hashiguchi, Naoyuki -- Zinkernagel, Annelies -- Nizet, Victor -- Insel, Paul A -- Junger, Wolfgang G -- GM-60475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-66232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PR043034/PR/OCPHP CDC HHS/ -- R01 GM-51477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autocrine Communication ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neutrophils/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Signal Transduction ; Suramin/pharmacology
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: Mutations in the nuclear structural protein lamin A cause the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS). Whether lamin A plays any role in normal aging is unknown. We show that the same molecular mechanism responsible for HGPS is active in healthy cells. Cell nuclei from old individuals acquire defects similar to those of HGPS patient cells, including changes in histone modifications and increased DNA damage. Age-related nuclear defects are caused by sporadic use, in healthy individuals, of the same cryptic splice site in lamin A whose constitutive activation causes HGPS. Inhibition of this splice site reverses the nuclear defects associated with aging. These observations implicate lamin A in physiological aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scaffidi, Paola -- Misteli, Tom -- Z01 BC010309-07/BC/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1059-63. Epub 2006 Apr 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/pathology ; DNA Damage ; Exons ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/genetics/*physiology ; Progeria/genetics/pathology ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: The tumor suppressor programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) inhibits the translation initiation factor eIF4A, an RNA helicase that catalyzes the unwinding of secondary structure at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In response to mitogens, PDCD4 was rapidly phosphorylated on Ser67 by the protein kinase S6K1 and subsequently degraded via the ubiquitin ligase SCF(betaTRCP). Expression in cultured cells of a stable PDCD4 mutant that is unable to bind betaTRCP inhibited translation of an mRNA with a structured 5'UTR, resulted in smaller cell size, and slowed down cell cycle progression. We propose that regulated degradation of PDCD4 in response to mitogens allows efficient protein synthesis and consequently cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dorrello, N Valerio -- Peschiaroli, Angelo -- Guardavaccaro, Daniele -- Colburn, Nancy H -- Sherman, Nicholas E -- Pagano, Michele -- R01-CA76584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM57587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):467-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 599, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4F/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: IRAK-4 is a protein kinase that is pivotal in mediating signals for innate immune responses. Here, we report that IRAK-4 signaling is also essential for eliciting adaptive immune responses. Thus, in the absence of IRAK-4, in vivo T cell responses were significantly impaired. Upon T cell receptor stimulation, IRAK-4 is recruited to T cell lipid rafts, where it induces downstream signals, including protein kinase C activation through the association with Zap70. This signaling pathway was found to be required for optimal activation of nuclear factor kappaB. Our findings suggest that T cells use this critical regulator of innate immunity for the development of acquired immunity, suggesting that IRAK-4 may be involved in direct signal cross talk between the two systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Nobutaka -- Suzuki, Shinobu -- Millar, Douglas G -- Unno, Midori -- Hara, Hiromitsu -- Calzascia, Thomas -- Yamasaki, Sho -- Yokosuka, Tadashi -- Chen, Nien-Jung -- Elford, Alisha R -- Suzuki, Jun-Ichiro -- Takeuchi, Arata -- Mirtsos, Christine -- Bouchard, Denis -- Ohashi, Pamela S -- Yeh, Wen-Chen -- Saito, Takashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1927-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Microdomains/enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: The pathophysiology of depression remains enigmatic, although abnormalities in serotonin signaling have been implicated. We have found that the serotonin 1B receptor [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B) receptor] interacts with p11. p11 increases localization of 5-HT1B receptors at the cell surface. p11 is increased in rodent brains by antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy, but decreased in an animal model of depression and in brain tissue from depressed patients. Overexpression of p11 increases 5-HT1B receptor function in cells and recapitulates certain behaviors seen after antidepressant treatment in mice. p11 knockout mice exhibit a depression-like phenotype and have reduced responsiveness to 5-HT1B receptor agonists and reduced behavioral reactions to an antidepressant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svenningsson, Per -- Chergui, Karima -- Rachleff, Ilan -- Flajolet, Marc -- Zhang, Xiaoqun -- El Yacoubi, Malika -- Vaugeois, Jean-Marie -- Nomikos, George G -- Greengard, Paul -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: The inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are common, chronic disorders that cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. To identify genetic factors that might contribute to these disorders, we performed a genome-wide association study. We found a highly significant association between Crohn's disease and the IL23R gene on chromosome 1p31, which encodes a subunit of the receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-23. An uncommon coding variant (rs11209026, c.1142G〉A, p.Arg381Gln) confers strong protection against Crohn's disease, and additional noncoding IL23R variants are independently associated. Replication studies confirmed IL23R associations in independent cohorts of patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. These results and previous studies on the proinflammatory role of IL-23 prioritize this signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410764/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410764/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duerr, Richard H -- Taylor, Kent D -- Brant, Steven R -- Rioux, John D -- Silverberg, Mark S -- Daly, Mark J -- Steinhart, A Hillary -- Abraham, Clara -- Regueiro, Miguel -- Griffiths, Anne -- Dassopoulos, Themistocles -- Bitton, Alain -- Yang, Huiying -- Targan, Stephan -- Datta, Lisa Wu -- Kistner, Emily O -- Schumm, L Philip -- Lee, Annette T -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Barmada, M Michael -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Nicolae, Dan L -- Cho, Judy H -- DK62413/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62420/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62422/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62429/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62431/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62432/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-019004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-029004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-039004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-049004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062420/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062422/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062429/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062432/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1461-3. Epub 2006 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian, Mezzanine Level, C-Wing, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics ; Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Interleukin-23/metabolism ; Jews/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Interleukin/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: Checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanisms that arrest cell division and alter cellular stress resistance in response to DNA damage or stalled replication forks. To study the consequences of loss of checkpoint functions in whole animals, checkpoint genes were inactivated in the nematode C. elegans. We show that checkpoint proteins are not only essential for normal development but also determine adult somatic maintenance. Checkpoint proteins play a role in the survival of postmitotic adult cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Anders -- Vantipalli, Maithili C -- Lithgow, Gordon J -- AG21069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG22868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS050789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: Norepinephrine (NE) is widely implicated in opiate withdrawal, but much less is known about its role in opiate-induced locomotion and reward. In mice lacking dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme critical for NE synthesis, we found that NE was necessary for morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP; a measure of reward) and locomotion. These deficits were rescued by systemic NE restoration. Viral restoration of DBH expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, but not in the locus coeruleus, restored CPP for morphine. Morphine-induced locomotion was partially restored by DBH expression in either brain region. These data suggest that NE signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius is necessary for morphine reward.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, Valerie G -- Heusner, Carrie L -- Bland, Ross J -- During, Matthew J -- Weinshenker, David -- Palmiter, Richard D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1017-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/genetics/metabolism ; Droxidopa/pharmacology ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Locus Coeruleus/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; *Reward ; Signal Transduction ; Solitary Nucleus/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: The aging of organisms is characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems. Mammalian somatic cells in culture display a limited proliferative life span, at the end of which they undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest known as replicative senescence. Whether cellular senescence contributes to organismal aging has been controversial. We investigated telomere dysfunction, a recently discovered biomarker of cellular senescence, and found that the number of senescent fibroblasts increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching 〉15% of all cells in very old individuals. In addition, the same cells contain activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and heterochromatinized nuclei, confirming their senescent status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbig, Utz -- Ferreira, Mark -- Condel, Laura -- Carey, Dee -- Sedivy, John M -- F32 CA099388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR015578/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1257. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Biomarkers ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dermis/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Papio/*physiology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomere/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383235/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383235/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maini, Philip K -- Baker, Ruth E -- Chuong, Cheng-Ming -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-11/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-12/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364-05/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1397-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. maini@maths.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning ; Diffusion ; Hair Follicle/*growth & development/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Mathematics ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Transient infection of eukaryotic cells with commensal and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli of phylogenetic group B2 blocks mitosis and induces megalocytosis. This trait is linked to a widely spread genomic island that encodes giant modular nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthases. Contact with E. coli expressing this gene cluster causes DNA double-strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually to cell death. Discovery of hybrid peptide-polyketide genotoxins in E. coli will change our view on pathogenesis and commensalism and open new biotechnological applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nougayrede, Jean-Philippe -- Homburg, Stefan -- Taieb, Frederic -- Boury, Michele -- Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta -- Gottschalk, Gerhard -- Buchrieser, Carmen -- Hacker, Jorg -- Dobrindt, Ulrich -- Oswald, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INRA, UMR1225, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31076, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytotoxins/*metabolism ; DNA/analysis ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; G2 Phase ; *Genomic Islands ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Mutagens/*metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Plants may "eavesdrop" on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by herbivore-attacked neighbors to activate defenses before being attacked themselves. Transcriptome and signal cascade analyses of VOC-exposed plants suggest that plants eavesdrop to prime direct and indirect defenses and to hone competitive abilities. Advances in research on VOC biosynthesis and perception have facilitated the production of plants that are genetically "deaf" to particular VOCs or "mute" in elements of their volatile vocabulary. Such plants, together with advances in VOC analytical instrumentation, will allow researchers to determine whether fluency enhances the fitness of plants in natural communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldwin, Ian T -- Halitschke, Rayko -- Paschold, Anja -- von Dahl, Caroline C -- Preston, Catherine A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):812-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoll Strasse 8, Jena 07745, Germany. baldwin@ice.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Diffusion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genomics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organic Chemicals/*metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Volatilization
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: Liver regeneration is an orchestrated cellular response that coordinates cell activation, lipid metabolism, and cell division. We found that caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice (cav1-/- mice) exhibited impaired liver regeneration and low survival after a partial hepatectomy. Hepatocytes showed dramatically reduced lipid droplet accumulation and did not advance through the cell division cycle. Treatment of cav1-/- mice with glucose (which is a predominant energy substrate when compared to lipids) drastically increased survival and reestablished progression of the cell cycle. Thus, caveolin-1 plays a crucial role in the mechanisms that coordinate lipid metabolism with the proliferative response occurring in the liver after cellular injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, Manuel A -- Albor, Cecilia -- Ingelmo-Torres, Mercedes -- Nixon, Susan J -- Ferguson, Charles -- Kurzchalia, Teymuras -- Tebar, Francesc -- Enrich, Carlos -- Parton, Robert G -- Pol, Albert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1628-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caveolae/metabolism ; Caveolin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Fatty Acids/blood/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; Liver/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Triglycerides/blood/metabolism
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: The function of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is often abolished after DNA damage. The inhibition of CDK2 plays a central role in DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. However, whether CDK2 also influences the survival of cells under genotoxic stress is unknown. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are emerging as key regulators of cell survival. CDK2 specifically phosphorylated FOXO1 at serine-249 (Ser249) in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of Ser249 resulted in cytoplasmic localization and inhibition of FOXO1. This phosphorylation was abrogated upon DNA damage through the cell cycle checkpoint pathway that is dependent on the protein kinases Chk1 and Chk2. Moreover, silencing of FOXO1 by small interfering RNA diminished DNA damage-induced death in both p53-deficient and p53-proficient cells. This effect was reversed by restored expression of FOXO1 in a manner depending on phosphorylation of Ser249. Functional interaction between CDK2 and FOXO1 provides a mechanism that regulates apoptotic cell death after DNA strand breakage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Haojie -- Regan, Kevin M -- Lou, Zhenkun -- Chen, Junjie -- Tindall, Donald J -- CA91956/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK60920/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK65236/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):294-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):244-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Brain/physiology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cognition ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Organ Size ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synaptic Membranes/*chemistry/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: B cells recognize foreign antigens by virtue of cell surface immunoglobulin receptors and are most effectively activated by membrane-bound ligands. Here, we show that in the early stages of this process, B cells exhibit a two-phase response in which they first spread over the antigen-bearing membrane and then contract, thereby collecting bound antigen into a central aggregate. The extent of this response, which is both signaling- and actin-dependent, determines the quantity of antigen accumulated and hence the degree of B cell activation. Brownian dynamic simulations reproduce essential features of the antigen collection process and suggest a possible basis for affinity discrimination. We propose that dynamic spreading is an important step of the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleire, S J -- Goldman, J P -- Carrasco, Y R -- Weber, M -- Bray, D -- Batista, F D -- G64713/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):738-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*physiology ; Cell Shape ; Computer Simulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Ligands ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Immunological ; Muramidase/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*immunology/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Stochastic Processes ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: The Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 (CLV3) gene encodes a stem cell-specific protein presumed to be a precursor of a secreted peptide hormone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) applied to in situ Arabidopsis tissues determined the structure of a modified 12-amino acid peptide (MCLV3), which was derived from a conserved motif in the CLV3 sequence. Synthetic MCLV3 induced shoot and root meristem consumption as cells differentiated into other organs, displaying the typical phenotype of transgenic plants overexpressing CLV3. These results suggest that the functional peptide of CLV3 is MCLV3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondo, Tatsuhiko -- Sawa, Shinichiro -- Kinoshita, Atsuko -- Mizuno, Satoko -- Kakimoto, Tatsuo -- Fukuda, Hiroo -- Sakagami, Youji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):845-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydroxyproline/chemistry ; Meristem/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Stem Cells/cytology
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Inflammation and trauma lead to enhanced pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia), which is in part due to altered sensory processing in the spinal cord. The synaptic hypothesis of hyperalgesia, which postulates that hyperalgesia is induced by the activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the spinal cord, has been challenged, because in previous studies of pain pathways, LTP was experimentally induced by nerve stimulation at high frequencies ( approximately 100 hertz). This does not, however, resemble the real low-frequency afferent barrage that occurs during inflammation. We identified a synaptic amplifier at the origin of an ascending pain pathway that is switched-on by low-level activity in nociceptive nerve fibers. This model integrates known signal transduction pathways of hyperalgesia without contradiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikeda, Hiroshi -- Stark, Johanna -- Fischer, Harald -- Wagner, Matthias -- Drdla, Ruth -- Jager, Tino -- Sandkuhler, Jurgen -- P 18129/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Nitric Oxide/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Periaqueductal Gray/physiology ; Posterior Horn Cells/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/physiopathology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Ciona is an emerging model system for elucidating gene networks in development. Comprehensive in situ hybridization assays have identified 76 regulatory genes with localized expression patterns in the early embryo, at the time when naive blastomeres are determined to follow specific cell fates. Systematic gene disruption assays provided more than 3000 combinations of gene expression profiles in mutant backgrounds. Deduced gene circuit diagrams describing the formation of larval tissues were computationally visualized. These diagrams constitute a blueprint for the Ciona embryo and provide a foundation for understanding the evolutionary origins of the chordate body plan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Kaoru S -- Levine, Michael -- Satoh, Nori -- Satou, Yutaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1183-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Blastomeres/cytology/physiology ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Epidermis/cytology ; Gastrula/cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Nodal Protein ; Notochord/embryology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/physiology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Mutations in gld-1 cause lethal germline tumors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that a wide variety of mutations that extend C. elegans' life span confer resistance to these tumors. The long life spans of daf-2/insulin-receptor mutants were not shortened at all by gld-1 mutations; we attribute this finding to decreased cell division and increased DAF-16/p53-dependent apoptosis within the tumors. Mutations that increase life span by restricting food intake or inhibiting respiration did not affect apoptosis but reduced tumor cell division. Unexpectedly, none of these longevity mutations affected mitosis in normal germlines; this finding suggests that cellular changes that lead to longevity preferentially antagonize tumor cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinkston, Julie M -- Garigan, Delia -- Hansen, Malene -- Kenyon, Cynthia -- AG000278/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):971-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Cell Proliferation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/cytology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity/*genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Animal ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*pathology ; Oogenesis ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: Innate immunity against bacterial and fungal pathogens is mediated by Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) pathways, but little is known about the antiviral response in Drosophila. Here, we demonstrate that an RNA interference pathway protects adult flies from infection by two evolutionarily diverse viruses. Our work also describes a molecular framework for the viral immunity, in which viral double-stranded RNA produced during infection acts as the pathogen trigger whereas Drosophila Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 act as host sensor and effector, respectively. These findings establish a Drosophila model for studying the innate immunity against viruses in animals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1509097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1509097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiao-Hong -- Aliyari, Roghiyh -- Li, Wan-Xiang -- Li, Hong-Wei -- Kim, Kevin -- Carthew, Richard -- Atkinson, Peter -- Ding, Shou-Wei -- AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068743/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):452-4. Epub 2006 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program for Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*immunology/*virology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/immunology/virology ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Insect Viruses/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/physiology ; Mutation ; Nodaviridae/*physiology ; RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Viruses/genetics/physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/genetics/physiology ; Ribonuclease III ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/physiology ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1230-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemaire, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1145-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille Luminy, UMR6216 CNRS-Universite de la Mediterranee, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. lemaire@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Ciona intestinalis/*embryology/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Ligands ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laviano, Alessandro -- Meguid, Michael M -- Inui, Akio -- Rossi-Fanelli, Filippo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1236-8; author reply 1236-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Appetite ; Brain/metabolism ; *Eating ; Humans ; Leucine/*administration & dosage/*physiology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujita, Takashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606- 8507, Japan. tfujita@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cytoplasm/metabolism/virology ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Diseases/immunology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Yersinia species use a variety of type III effector proteins to target eukaryotic signaling systems. The effector YopJ inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) signaling pathways used in innate immune response by preventing activation of the family of MAPK kinases (MAPKK). We show that YopJ acted as an acetyltransferase, using acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to modify the critical serine and threonine residues in the activation loop of MAPKK6 and thereby blocking phosphorylation. The acetylation on MAPKK6 directly competed with phosphorylation, preventing activation of the modified protein. This covalent modification may be used as a general regulatory mechanism in biological signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukherjee, Sohini -- Keitany, Gladys -- Li, Yan -- Wang, Yong -- Ball, Haydn L -- Goldsmith, Elizabeth J -- Orth, Kim -- R01-AI056404/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21-DK072134/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1211-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell-Free System ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme Activation ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6/chemistry/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Yersinia/*metabolism/pathogenicity
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The interface between an infectious agent and its host represents the ultimate battleground for survival: The microbe must secure a niche for replication, whereas the host must limit the pathogen's advance. Among the host's arsenal of antimicrobial factors, the type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce potent defense mechanisms against viruses and are key in the host-virus standoff. Viruses have evolved multiple tricks to avoid the immediate antiviral effects of IFNs and, in turn, hosts have adapted use of this innate cytokine system to galvanize multiple additional layers of immune defense. The plasticity that exists in these interactions provides us with a lesson in detente.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Biron, Christine A -- P01AI52106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI58113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI46954/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI55677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01CA41268/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI57158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/physiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/physiology ; Interferon Type I/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/physiology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses/*immunology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Sodergren, Erica -- Weinstock, George M -- Davidson, Eric H -- Cameron, R Andrew -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Angerer, Robert C -- Angerer, Lynne M -- Arnone, Maria Ina -- Burgess, David R -- Burke, Robert D -- Coffman, James A -- Dean, Michael -- Elphick, Maurice R -- Ettensohn, Charles A -- Foltz, Kathy R -- Hamdoun, Amro -- Hynes, Richard O -- Klein, William H -- Marzluff, William -- McClay, David R -- Morris, Robert L -- Mushegian, Arcady -- Rast, Jonathan P -- Smith, L Courtney -- Thorndyke, Michael C -- Vacquier, Victor D -- Wessel, Gary M -- Wray, Greg -- Zhang, Lan -- Elsik, Christine G -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Hofmann, Gretchen -- Kitts, Paul -- Landrum, Melissa J -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Maglott, Donna -- Panopoulou, Georgia -- Poustka, Albert J -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Song, Xingzhi -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Solovyev, Victor -- Wei, Zheng -- Whittaker, Charles A -- Worley, Kim -- Durbin, K James -- Shen, Yufeng -- Fedrigo, Olivier -- Garfield, David -- Haygood, Ralph -- Primus, Alexander -- Satija, Rahul -- Severson, Tonya -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Tong, Mark -- Killian, Christopher E -- Livingston, Brian T -- Wilt, Fred H -- Adams, Nikki -- Belle, Robert -- Carbonneau, Seth -- Cheung, Rocky -- Cormier, Patrick -- Cosson, Bertrand -- Croce, Jenifer -- Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio -- Geneviere, Anne-Marie -- Goel, Manisha -- Kelkar, Hemant -- Morales, Julia -- Mulner-Lorillon, Odile -- Robertson, Anthony J -- Goldstone, Jared V -- Cole, Bryan -- Epel, David -- Gold, Bert -- Hahn, Mark E -- Howard-Ashby, Meredith -- Scally, Mark -- Stegeman, John J -- Allgood, Erin L -- Cool, Jonah -- Judkins, Kyle M -- McCafferty, Shawn S -- Musante, Ashlan M -- Obar, Robert A -- Rawson, Amanda P -- Rossetti, Blair J -- Gibbons, Ian R -- Hoffman, Matthew P -- Leone, Andrew -- Istrail, Sorin -- Materna, Stefan C -- Samanta, Manoj P -- Stolc, Viktor -- Tongprasit, Waraporn -- Tu, Qiang -- Bergeron, Karl-Frederik -- Brandhorst, Bruce P -- Whittle, James -- Berney, Kevin -- Bottjer, David J -- Calestani, Cristina -- Peterson, Kevin -- Chow, Elly -- Yuan, Qiu Autumn -- Elhaik, Eran -- Graur, Dan -- Reese, Justin T -- Bosdet, Ian -- Heesun, Shin -- Marra, Marco A -- Schein, Jacqueline -- Anderson, Michele K -- Brockton, Virginia -- Buckley, Katherine M -- Cohen, Avis H -- Fugmann, Sebastian D -- Hibino, Taku -- Loza-Coll, Mariano -- Majeske, Audrey J -- Messier, Cynthia -- Nair, Sham V -- Pancer, Zeev -- Terwilliger, David P -- Agca, Cavit -- Arboleda, Enrique -- Chen, Nansheng -- Churcher, Allison M -- Hallbook, F -- Humphrey, Glen W -- Idris, Mohammed M -- Kiyama, Takae -- Liang, Shuguang -- Mellott, Dan -- Mu, Xiuqian -- Murray, Greg -- Olinski, Robert P -- Raible, Florian -- Rowe, Matthew -- Taylor, John S -- Tessmar-Raible, Kristin -- Wang, D -- Wilson, Karen H -- Yaguchi, Shunsuke -- Gaasterland, Terry -- Galindo, Blanca E -- Gunaratne, Herath J -- Juliano, Celina -- Kinukawa, Masashi -- Moy, Gary W -- Neill, Anna T -- Nomura, Mamoru -- Raisch, Michael -- Reade, Anna -- Roux, Michelle M -- Song, Jia L -- Su, Yi-Hsien -- Townley, Ian K -- Voronina, Ekaterina -- Wong, Julian L -- Amore, Gabriele -- Branno, Margherita -- Brown, Euan R -- Cavalieri, Vincenzo -- Duboc, Veronique -- Duloquin, Louise -- Flytzanis, Constantin -- Gache, Christian -- Lapraz, Francois -- Lepage, Thierry -- Locascio, Annamaria -- Martinez, Pedro -- Matassi, Giorgio -- Matranga, Valeria -- Range, Ryan -- Rizzo, Francesca -- Rottinger, Eric -- Beane, Wendy -- Bradham, Cynthia -- Byrum, Christine -- Glenn, Tom -- Hussain, Sofia -- Manning, Gerard -- Miranda, Esther -- Thomason, Rebecca -- Walton, Katherine -- Wikramanayke, Athula -- Wu, Shu-Yu -- Xu, Ronghui -- Brown, C Titus -- Chen, Lili -- Gray, Rachel F -- Lee, Pei Yun -- Nam, Jongmin -- Oliveri, Paola -- Smith, Joel -- Muzny, Donna -- Bell, Stephanie -- Chacko, Joseph -- Cree, Andrew -- Curry, Stacey -- Davis, Clay -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Jerry -- Gill, Rachel -- Hamilton, Cerrissa -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jackson, Laronda -- Jolivet, Angela -- Kovar, Christie -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora -- Miner, George -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Thorn, Rachel -- Wright, Rita -- 2P42 ESO7381/PHS HHS/ -- 5 U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- EY11930/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 ESO12794/PHS HHS/ -- F32 HD047136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32-HD47136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM058231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61005/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD039948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD14483/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD66219/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272-13/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD028152/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R37-HD12896/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-15044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S19916/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- T32 GM007601/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):941-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/physiology ; Complement Activation/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunologic Factors/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/embryology/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):184-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy/*immunology ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/drug therapy/*immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Infection/drug therapy/*immunology ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*immunology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Sepsis/drug therapy/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/physiology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Sleep is a vital, evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, whose function is unclear. Although mounting evidence supports a role for sleep in the consolidation of memories, until now, a molecular connection between sleep, plasticity, and memory formation has been difficult to demonstrate. We establish Drosophila as a model to investigate this relation and demonstrate that the intensity and/or complexity of prior social experience stably modifies sleep need and architecture. Furthermore, this experience-dependent plasticity in sleep need is subserved by the dopaminergic and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate signaling pathways and a particular subset of 17 long-term memory genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ganguly-Fitzgerald, Indrani -- Donlea, Jeff -- Shaw, Paul J -- R01-NS051305-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1775-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92101, USA. transposase@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dopamine/analysis/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Hearing ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; *Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep ; Smell ; Social Environment ; Social Isolation ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: Selector genes modify developmental pathways to sculpt animal body parts. Although body parts differ in size, the ways in which selector genes create size differences are unknown. We have studied how the Drosophila Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) limits the size of the haltere, which, by the end of larval development, has approximately fivefold fewer cells than the wing. We find that Ubx controls haltere size by restricting both the transcription and the mobility of the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Ubx restricts Dpp's distribution in the haltere by increasing the amounts of the Dpp receptor, thickveins. Because morphogens control tissue growth in many contexts, these findings provide a potentially general mechanism for how selector genes modify organ sizes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628481/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628481/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crickmore, Michael A -- Mann, Richard S -- R01 GM054510/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054510-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054510-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054510-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):63-8. Epub 2006 Jun 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & ; development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organ Size ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Up-Regulation ; Wings, Animal/cytology/*growth & development
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2973999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, David L -- R01 GM063622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063622-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):50-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dstern@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & ; development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organ Size ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Wings, Animal/cytology/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: A constellation of intrinsic and extrinsic cellular mechanisms regulates the balance of self-renewal and differentiation in all stem cells. Stem cells, their progeny, and elements of their microenvironment make up an anatomical structure that coordinates normal homeostatic production of functional mature cells. Here we discuss the stem cell niche concept, highlight recent progress, and identify important unanswered questions. We focus on three mammalian stem cell systems where large numbers of mature cells must be continuously produced throughout adult life: intestinal epithelium, epidermal structures, and bone marrow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Kateri A -- Lemischka, Ihor R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1880-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. kamoore@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Dermis/cytology/physiology ; Epidermis/cytology/physiology ; Hair Follicle/*cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*physiology ; Homeostasis ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology ; Mesoderm/cytology/physiology ; Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodnow, Christopher C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1606-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉John Curtin School of Medical Research and Australian Phenomics Facility, Australian National University, Post Office Box 334, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. chris.goodnow@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Ly/genetics/physiology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; *Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; RNA Splicing ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, IgG/genetics/immunology ; Self Tolerance ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/genetics/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/*immunology ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worby, Carolyn A -- Dixon, Jack E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1150-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; SUMO-1 Protein/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Yersinia/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Yersinia pestis/metabolism/pathogenicity ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: Failure of cells to respond to DNA damage is a primary event associated with mutagenesis and environmental toxicity. To map the transcriptional network controlling the damage response, we measured genomewide binding locations for 30 damage-related transcription factors (TFs) after exposure of yeast to methyl-methanesulfonate (MMS). The resulting 5272 TF-target interactions revealed extensive changes in the pattern of promoter binding and identified damage-specific binding motifs. As systematic functional validation, we identified interactions for which the target changed expression in wild-type cells in response to MMS but was nonresponsive in cells lacking the TF. Validated interactions were assembled into causal pathway models that provide global hypotheses of how signaling, transcription, and phenotype are integrated after damage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811083/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811083/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Workman, Christopher T -- Mak, H Craig -- McCuine, Scott -- Tagne, Jean-Bosco -- Agarwal, Maya -- Ozier, Owen -- Begley, Thomas J -- Samson, Leona D -- Ideker, Trey -- R01 ES014811/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES014811-01A1/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070743/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070743-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070743-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1054-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Fungal ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Methyl Methanesulfonate ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Theory ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: We observe that protein kinase C (PKC) is phosphorylated on the activation loop at threonine 538 (Thr-538) before T cell activation. Our results are inconsistent with the conclusions of Lee et al. (Reports, 1 April 2005, p. 114) that the Thr-538 phosphorylation of PKC is regulated by T cell receptor activation. Other mechanisms, such as autophosphorylation of Thr-219, might orchestrate the cellular function of PKC in T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, Thomas -- Freeley, Michael -- Thuille, Nikolaus -- Heit, Isabelle -- Shaw, Stephen -- Long, Aideen -- Baier, Gottfried -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):55; author reply 55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department for Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/immunology/*metabolism ; Threonine/metabolism
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: The mechanisms underlying induction and suppression of RNA silencing in the ongoing plant-virus arms race are poorly understood. We show here that virus-derived small RNAs produced by Arabidopsis Dicer-like 4 (DCL4) program an effector complex conferring antiviral immunity. Inhibition of DCL4 by a viral-encoded suppressor revealed the subordinate antiviral activity of DCL2. Accordingly, inactivating both DCL2 and DCL4 was necessary and sufficient to restore systemic infection of a suppressor-deficient virus. The effects of DCL2 were overcome by increasing viral dosage in inoculated leaves, but this could not surmount additional, non-cell autonomous effects of DCL4 specifically preventing viral unloading from the vasculature. These findings define a molecular framework for studying antiviral silencing and defense in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deleris, Angelique -- Gallego-Bartolome, Javier -- Bao, Jinsong -- Kasschau, Kristin D -- Carrington, James C -- Voinnet, Olivier -- AI43288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):68-71. Epub 2006 Jun 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, CNRS Unite Propre de Recherche (UPR) 2357, 12, rue du General Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/metabolism/*virology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Carmovirus/physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/virology ; Plant Leaves/virology ; Plant Viruses/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ron, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):52-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. ron@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of sporadic viral encephalitis in western countries. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, as it affects otherwise healthy patients and only a small minority of HSV-1-infected individuals. Here, we elucidate a genetic etiology for HSE in two children with autosomal recessive deficiency in the intracellular protein UNC-93B, resulting in impaired cellular interferon-alpha/beta and -lambda antiviral responses. HSE can result from a single-gene immunodeficiency that does not compromise immunity to most pathogens, unlike most known primary immunodeficiencies. Other severe infectious diseases may also reflect monogenic disorders of immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casrouge, Armanda -- Zhang, Shen-Ying -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Jouanguy, Emmanuelle -- Puel, Anne -- Yang, Kun -- Alcais, Alexandre -- Picard, Capucine -- Mahfoufi, Nora -- Nicolas, Nathalie -- Lorenzo, Lazaro -- Plancoulaine, Sabine -- Senechal, Brigitte -- Geissmann, Frederic -- Tabeta, Koichi -- Hoebe, Kasper -- Du, Xin -- Miller, Richard L -- Heron, Benedicte -- Mignot, Cyril -- de Villemeur, Thierry Billette -- Lebon, Pierre -- Dulac, Olivier -- Rozenberg, Flore -- Beutler, Bruce -- Tardieu, Marc -- Abel, Laurent -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- G0900867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):308-12. Epub 2006 Sep 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes, INSERM, U550, Faculte de Medecine Necker, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/*genetics/immunology ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interferons/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/agonists/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptors/agonists/physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2006-07-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edmunds, John W -- Mahadevan, Louis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Genes, Fungal ; Histones/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osmotic Pressure ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Many signaling, cytoskeletal, and transport proteins have to be localized to the plasma membrane (PM) in order to carry out their function. We surveyed PM-targeting mechanisms by imaging the subcellular localization of 125 fluorescent protein-conjugated Ras, Rab, Arf, and Rho proteins. Out of 48 proteins that were PM-localized, 37 contained clusters of positively charged amino acids. To test whether these polybasic clusters bind negatively charged phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] lipids, we developed a chemical phosphatase activation method to deplete PM PI(4,5)P2. Unexpectedly, proteins with polybasic clusters dissociated from the PM only when both PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] were depleted, arguing that both lipid second messengers jointly regulate PM targeting.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579512/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579512/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heo, Won Do -- Inoue, Takanari -- Park, Wei Sun -- Kim, Man Lyang -- Park, Byung Ouk -- Wandless, Thomas J -- Meyer, Tobias -- R01 GM030179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM030179-24A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM030179-25/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064801/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1458-61. Epub 2006 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, 318 Campus Drive, Clark Building, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Static Electricity ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; ras Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-30
    Description: The heart, an ancient organ and the first to form and function during embryogenesis, evolved by the addition of new structures and functions to a primitive pump. Heart development is controlled by an evolutionarily conserved network of transcription factors that connect signaling pathways with genes for muscle growth, patterning, and contractility. During evolution, this ancestral gene network was expanded through gene duplication and co-option of additional networks. Mutations in components of the cardiac gene network cause congenital heart disease, the most common human birth defect. The consequences of such mutations reveal the logic of organogenesis and the evolutionary origins of morphological complexity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459601/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459601/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, Eric N -- P01 HL049953/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL053351/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1922-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. eric.olson@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Heart/anatomy & histology/embryology/physiology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics/physiopathology ; Humans ; Morphogenesis/genetics ; Mutation ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Vertebrates/embryology/genetics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: Accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers an adaptive stress response-termed the unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated by the ER transmembrane protein kinase and endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha (IRE1alpha). We investigated UPR signaling events in mice in the absence of the proapoptotic BCL-2 family members BAX and BAK [double knockout (DKO)]. DKO mice responded abnormally to tunicamycin-induced ER stress in the liver, with extensive tissue damage and decreased expression of the IRE1 substrate X-box-binding protein 1 and its target genes. ER-stressed DKO cells showed deficient IRE1alpha signaling. BAX and BAK formed a protein complex with the cytosolic domain of IRE1alpha that was essential for IRE1alpha activation. Thus, BAX and BAK function at the ER membrane to activate IRE1alpha signaling and to provide a physical link between members of the core apoptotic pathway and the UPR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hetz, Claudio -- Bernasconi, Paula -- Fisher, Jill -- Lee, Ann-Hwee -- Bassik, Michael C -- Antonsson, Bruno -- Brandt, Gabriel S -- Iwakoshi, Neal N -- Schinzel, Anna -- Glimcher, Laurie H -- Korsmeyer, Stanley J -- CA100707/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI56296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA92625/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI32412/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA50239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):572-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. chetz@hsph.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endoribonucleases/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Liver/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: The coreceptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is pivotal in regulating the threshold of signals during T cell activation, although the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Using in vitro migration assays and in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we showed that CTLA-4 increases T cell motility and overrides the T cell receptor (TCR)-induced stop signal required for stable conjugate formation between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. This event led to reduced contact periods between T cells and antigen-presenting cells that in turn decreased cytokine production and proliferation. These results suggest a fundamentally different model of reverse stop signaling, by which CTLA-4 modulates the threshold for T cell activation and protects against autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, Helga -- Downey, Jos -- Smith, Andrew -- Zinselmeyer, Bernd H -- Rush, Catherine -- Brewer, James M -- Wei, Bin -- Hogg, Nancy -- Garside, Paul -- Rudd, Christopher E -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1972-5. Epub 2006 Aug 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Signalling Section, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymph Nodes/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key link between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide evidence that this mechanistic link can be exploited for therapeutic purposes with orally active chemical chaperones. 4-Phenyl butyric acid and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid alleviated ER stress in cells and whole animals. Treatment of obese and diabetic mice with these compounds resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, restoration of systemic insulin sensitivity, resolution of fatty liver disease, and enhancement of insulin action in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Our results demonstrate that chemical chaperones enhance the adaptive capacity of the ER and act as potent antidiabetic modalities with potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4741373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4741373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozcan, Umut -- Yilmaz, Erkan -- Ozcan, Lale -- Furuhashi, Masato -- Vaillancourt, Eric -- Smith, Ross O -- Gorgun, Cem Z -- Hotamisligil, Gokhan S -- DK52539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561-11/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1137-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/blood/pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Phenylbutyrates/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1564-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism ; Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology/*physiopathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*physiopathology ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: We report a signaling mechanism in rats between mother and fetus aimed at preparing fetal neurons for delivery. In immature neurons, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. We found that, shortly before delivery, there is a transient reduction in the intracellular chloride concentration and an excitatory-to-inhibitory switch of GABA actions. These events were triggered by oxytocin, an essential maternal hormone for labor. In vivo administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist before delivery prevented the switch of GABA actions in fetal neurons and aggravated the severity of anoxic episodes. Thus, maternal oxytocin inhibits fetal neurons and increases their resistance to insults during delivery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tyzio, Roman -- Cossart, Rosa -- Khalilov, Ilgam -- Minlebaev, Marat -- Hubner, Christian A -- Represa, Alfonso -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- Khazipov, Rustem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1788-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranee, INSERM U29, Universite de la Mediterranee, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Boite Postale 13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Benzamides/pharmacology ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Hypoxia/physiopathology ; Fetus/*physiology ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; Hippocampus/cytology/*embryology/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oxytocin/pharmacology/*physiology ; *Parturition ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Receptors, Oxytocin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/metabolism ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 ; Vasotocin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartek, Jiri -- Lukas, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1110-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cancer Biology and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jb@cancer.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology/physiopathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; SUMO-1 Protein/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Aberrant protein aggregation is a common feature of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with the misassembly of the Abeta(1-42) peptide. Aggregation-mediated Abeta(1-42) toxicity was reduced in Caenorhabditis elegans when aging was slowed by decreased insulin/insulin growth factor-1-like signaling (IIS). The downstream transcription factors, heat shock factor 1, and DAF-16 regulate opposing disaggregation and aggregation activities to promote cellular survival in response to constitutive toxic protein aggregation. Because the IIS pathway is central to the regulation of longevity and youthfulness in worms, flies, and mammals, these results suggest a mechanistic link between the aging process and aggregation-mediated proteotoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Ehud -- Bieschke, Jan -- Perciavalle, Rhonda M -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- Dillin, Andrew -- DK 46335/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 50636/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1604-10. Epub 2006 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Weight ; Movement ; Muscles/metabolism/physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharp, Trevor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):45-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK. trevor.sharp@pharm.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affect/physiology ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caroni, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. caroni@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cyclic GMP/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: The Son of Sevenless (Sos) proteins control receptor-mediated activation of Ras by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate on Ras. The NH2-terminal region of Sos contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain in tandem with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In COS-1 cells, the DH domain of Sos stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange on Rac but not Cdc42 in vitro and in vivo. The tandem DH-PH domain of Sos (DH-PH-Sos) was defective in Rac activation but regained Rac stimulating activity when it was coexpressed with activated Ras. Ras-mediated activation of DH-PH-Sos did not require activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase but it was dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results reveal a potential mechanism for coupling of Ras and Rac signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nimnual, A S -- Yatsula, B A -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA09176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA28146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Son of Sevenless Proteins ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: During T cell activation, the engagement of costimulatory molecules is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is not known. Here, it is shown that beads attached to the surface of a T cell translocate toward the interface shortly after the start of T cell activation. This movement appears to depend on myosin motor proteins and requires the engagement of the major costimulatory receptor pairs, B7-CD28 and ICAM-1-LFA-1. This suggests that the engagement of costimulatory receptors triggers an active accumulation of molecules at the interface of the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell, which then increases the overall amplitude and duration of T cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulfing, C -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Biotinylation ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chess, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2067-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. chess@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: FADD (also known as Mort-1) is a signal transducer downstream of cell death receptor CD95 (also called Fas). CD95, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1), and death receptor 3 (DR3) did not induce apoptosis in FADD-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, whereas DR4, oncogenes E1A and c-myc, and chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin did. Mice with a deletion in the FADD gene did not survive beyond day 11.5 of embryogenesis; these mice showed signs of cardiac failure and abdominal hemorrhage. Chimeric embryos showing a high contribution of FADD null mutant cells to the heart reproduce the phenotype of FADD-deficient mutants. Thus, not only death receptors, but also receptors that couple to developmental programs, may use FADD for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, W C -- de la Pompa, J L -- McCurrach, M E -- Shu, H B -- Elia, A J -- Shahinian, A -- Ng, M -- Wakeham, A -- Khoo, W -- Mitchell, K -- El-Deiry, W S -- Lowe, S W -- Goeddel, D V -- Mak, T W -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/embryology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/*embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: Signaling pathways that stabilize interleukin-2 (IL-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in activated T cells were examined. IL-2 mRNA contains at least two cis elements that mediated its stabilization in response to different signals, including activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). This response was mediated through a cis element encompassing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the beginning of the coding region. IL-2 transcripts lacking this 5' element no longer responded to JNK activation but were still responsive to other signals generated during T cell activation, which were probably sensed through the 3' UTR. Thus, multiple elements within IL-2 mRNA modulate its stability in a combinatorial manner, and the JNK pathway controls turnover as well as synthesis of IL-2 mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, C Y -- Del Gatto-Konczak, F -- Wu, Z -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1945-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD28/immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 7 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transgenes ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: The development of the Drosophila eye has served as a model system for investigations of tissue patterning and cell-cell communication; however, early eye development has not been well understood. The results presented here indicate that specialized cells are established along the dorsal-ventral midline of the developing eye by Notch-mediated signaling between dorsal and ventral cells, and that Notch activation at the midline plays an essential role both in promoting the growth of the eye primordia and in regulating eye patterning. These observations imply that the developmental homology between Drosophila wings and vertebrate limbs extends to Drosophila eyes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulos, V -- Tomlinson, A -- Panin, V M -- Rauskolb, C -- Irvine, K D -- GM-R01-54594/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2031-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & development ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: The OxyR transcription factor is sensitive to oxidation and activates the expression of antioxidant genes in response to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed that OxyR is activated through the formation of a disulfide bond and is deactivated by enzymatic reduction with glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The gene encoding Grx1 is regulated by OxyR, thus providing a mechanism for autoregulation. The redox potential of OxyR was determined to be -185 millivolts, ensuring that OxyR is reduced in the absence of stress. These results represent an example of redox signaling through disulfide bond formation and reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, M -- Aslund, F -- Storz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cysteine/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disulfides/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Glutaredoxins ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Disulfide/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; *Oxidoreductases ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thioredoxins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein. For example, several receptors that couple to Gq class proteins can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Class-specific inhibition of Gq-mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl-terminal peptide of the alpha subunit Galphaq. When pressure overload was surgically induced, the transgenic mice developed significantly less ventricular hypertrophy than control animals. The data demonstrate the role of myocardial Gq in the initiation of myocardial hypertrophy and indicate a possible strategy for preventing pathophysiological signaling by simultaneously blocking multiple receptors coupled to Gq.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akhter, S A -- Luttrell, L M -- Rockman, H A -- Iaccarino, G -- Lefkowitz, R J -- Koch, W J -- HL-03041/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-09436/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics ; COS Cells ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/*metabolism/prevention & control ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Ventricular Pressure
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1438-9, 1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, APC ; *Genes, myc ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins ; beta Catenin
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: Human reovirus requires an activated Ras signaling pathway for infection of cultured cells. To investigate whether this property can be exploited for cancer therapy, severe combined immune deficient mice bearing tumors established from v-erbB-transformed murine NIH 3T3 cells or human U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with the virus. A single intratumoral injection of virus resulted in regression of tumors in 65 to 80 percent of the mice. Treatment of immune-competent C3H mice bearing tumors established from ras-transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells also resulted in tumor regression, although a series of injections were required. These results suggest that, with further work, reovirus may have applicability in the treatment of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coffey, M C -- Strong, J E -- Forsyth, P A -- Lee, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Genes, erbB ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology/*therapy/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase/physiology ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cdc20 Proteins ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: Photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a member of the xanthopsin family of eubacterial blue-light photoreceptors. On absorption of light, PYP enters a photocycle that ultimately transduces the energy contained in a light signal into an altered biological response. Nanosecond time-resolved x-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of the short-lived, red-shifted, intermediate state denoted [pR], which develops within 1 nanosecond after photoelectronic excitation of the chromophore of PYP by absorption of light. The resulting structural model demonstrates that the [pR] state possesses the cis conformation of the 4-hydroxyl cinnamic thioester chromophore, and that the process of trans to cis isomerization is accompanied by the specific formation of new hydrogen bonds that replace those broken upon excitation of the chromophore. Regions of flexibility that compose the chromophore-binding pocket serve to lower the activation energy barrier between the dark state, denoted pG, and [pR], and help initiate entrance into the photocycle. Direct structural evidence is provided for the initial processes of transduction of light energy, which ultimately translate into a physiological signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perman, B -- Srajer, V -- Ren, Z -- Teng, T -- Pradervand, C -- Ursby, T -- Bourgeois, D -- Schotte, F -- Wulff, M -- Kort, R -- Hellingwerf, K -- Moffat, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1946-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chromatiaceae/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Energy Metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; *Light ; Models, Molecular ; *Photoreceptors, Microbial ; *Protein Conformation ; Signal Transduction
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential biological functions in all eukaryotic cells. In addition to providing a structural framework around which cell shape and polarity are defined, its dynamic properties provide the driving force for cells to move and to divide. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms that control the organization of actin is thus a major goal of contemporary cell biology, with implications for health and disease. Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases have emerged as key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, and furthermore, through their interaction with multiple target proteins, they ensure coordinated control of other cellular activities such as gene transcription and adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):509-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Research Campaign Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. alan.hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2074-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Alan.Hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Myosins/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Signal Transduction
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The p53 tumor suppressor protein is activated and phosphorylated on serine-15 in response to various DNA damaging agents. The gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, ATM, acts upstream of p53 in a signal transduction pathway initiated by ionizing radiation. Immunoprecipitated ATM had intrinsic protein kinase activity and phosphorylated p53 on serine-15 in a manganese-dependent manner. Ionizing radiation, but not ultraviolet radiation, rapidly enhanced this p53-directed kinase activity of endogenous ATM. These observations, along with the fact that phosphorylation of p53 on serine-15 in response to ionizing radiation is reduced in ataxia telangiectasia cells, suggest that ATM is a protein kinase that phosphorylates p53 in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canman, C E -- Lim, D S -- Cimprich, K A -- Taya, Y -- Tamai, K -- Sakaguchi, K -- Appella, E -- Kastan, M B -- Siliciano, J D -- CA71387/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES05777/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/metabolism/radiation effects ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: Activation of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is essential for T cell receptor (TCR) responsiveness; however, the function of individual PTK substrates is often uncertain. A mutant T cell line was isolated that lacked expression of SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kilodaltons), a hematopoietically expressed adaptor protein and PTK substrate. SLP-76 was not required for TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of most proteins, but was required for optimal tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1), as well as Ras pathway activation. TCR-inducible gene expression was dependent on SLP-76. Thus, coupling of TCR-regulated PTKs to downstream signaling pathways requires SLP-76.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yablonski, D -- Kuhne, M R -- Kadlecek, T -- Weiss, A -- CA72531/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Box 0795, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: The Fas death receptor can activate the Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway through the receptor-associated protein Daxx. Daxx was found to activate the JNK kinase kinase ASK1, and overexpression of a kinase-deficient ASK1 mutant inhibited Fas- and Daxx-induced apoptosis and JNK activation. Fas activation induced Daxx to interact with ASK1, which consequently relieved an inhibitory intramolecular interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-termini of ASK1, activating its kinase activity. The Daxx-ASK1 connection completes a signaling pathway from a cell surface death receptor to kinase cascades that modulate nuclear transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, H Y -- Nishitoh, H -- Yang, X -- Ichijo, H -- Baltimore, D -- CA51462/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1860-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 1998-11-20
    Description: Circadian clocks are synchronized by environmental cues such as light. Photoreceptor-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were used to measure the effect of light fluence rate on circadian period in plants. Phytochrome B is the primary high-intensity red light photoreceptor for circadian control, and phytochrome A acts under low-intensity red light. Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome A both act to transmit low-fluence blue light to the clock. Cryptochrome 1 mediates high-intensity blue light signals for period length control. The presence of cryptochromes in both plants and animals suggests that circadian input pathways have been conserved throughout evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somers, D E -- Devlin, P F -- Kay, S A -- GM56006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1488-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9822379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Light ; Mutation ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Phytochrome/genetics/*physiology ; Phytochrome A ; Phytochrome B ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: The coi1 mutation defines an Arabidopsis gene required for response to jasmonates, which regulate defense against insects and pathogens, wound healing, and pollen fertility. The wild-type allele, COI1, was mapped to a 90-kilobase genomic fragment and located by complementation of coi1-1 mutants. The predicted amino acid sequence of the COI1 protein contains 16 leucine-rich repeats and an F-box motif. It has similarity to the F-box proteins Arabidopsis TIR1, human Skp2, and yeast Grr1, which appear to function by targeting repressor proteins for removal by ubiquitination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, D X -- Feys, B F -- James, S -- Nieto-Rostro, M -- Turner, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxylipins ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: Comparative analysis of predicted protein sequences encoded by the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that most of the core biological functions are carried out by orthologous proteins (proteins of different species that can be traced back to a common ancestor) that occur in comparable numbers. The specialized processes of signal transduction and regulatory control that are unique to the multicellular worm appear to use novel proteins, many of which re-use conserved domains. Major expansion of the number of some of these domains seen in the worm may have contributed to the advent of multicellularity. The proteins conserved in yeast and worm are likely to have orthologs throughout eukaryotes; in contrast, the proteins unique to the worm may well define metazoans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057080/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057080/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chervitz, S A -- Aravind, L -- Sherlock, G -- Ball, C A -- Koonin, E V -- Dwight, S S -- Harris, M A -- Dolinski, K -- Mohr, S -- Smith, T -- Weng, S -- Cherry, J M -- Botstein, D -- HG 00044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG01315/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG001315/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG001315-16/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2022-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) has been implicated as a second messenger in cell proliferation and survival. However, many of its biological effects are due to binding to unidentified receptors on the cell surface. SPP activated the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled orphan receptor EDG-1, originally cloned as Endothelial Differentiation Gene-1. EDG-1 bound SPP with high affinity (dissociation constant = 8.1 nM) and high specificity. Overexpression of EDG-1 induced exaggerated cell-cell aggregation, enhanced expression of cadherins, and formation of well-developed adherens junctions in a manner dependent on SPP and the small guanine nucleotide binding protein Rho.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M J -- Van Brocklyn, J R -- Thangada, S -- Liu, C H -- Hand, A R -- Menzeleev, R -- Spiegel, S -- Hla, T -- DK45659/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM43880/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL49094/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cadherins/*biosynthesis ; *Cell Aggregation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Intercellular Junctions/*ultrastructure ; Ligands ; *Lysophospholipids ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Lysophospholipid ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Transfection ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins
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  • 80
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):856.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; Longevity/genetics ; Mutation ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1998-09-04
    Description: Recruitment of the coactivator, CREB binding protein (CBP), by signal-regulated transcription factors, such as CREB [adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein], is critical for stimulation of gene expression. The mouse pituitary cell line AtT20 was used to show that the CBP recruitment step (CREB phosphorylation on serine-133) can be uncoupled from CREB/CBP-activated transcription. CBP was found to contain a signal-regulated transcriptional activation domain that is controlled by nuclear calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) protein kinase IV and by cAMP. Cytoplasmic calcium signals that stimulate the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade or expression of the activated form of Ras provided the CBP recruitment signal but did not increase CBP activity and failed to activate CREB- and CBP-mediated transcription. These results identify CBP as a signal-regulated transcriptional coactivator and define a regulatory role for nuclear calcium and cAMP in CBP-dependent gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chawla, S -- Hardingham, G E -- Quinn, D R -- Bading, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1505-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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  • 82
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grill, E -- Ziegler, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):252-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl fur Botanik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. grill@botanik.biologie.tu-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/*metabolism ; Anions ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cyclic ADP-Ribose ; Farnesyltranstransferase ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Water/*metabolism
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  • 83
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: Excessive sodium (Na+) in salinized soils inhibits plant growth and development. A mutation in the SOS3 gene renders Arabidopsis thaliana plants hypersensitive to Na+-induced growth inhibition. SOS3 encodes a protein that shares significant sequence similarity with the calcineurin B subunit from yeast and neuronal calcium sensors from animals. The results suggest that intracellular calcium signaling through a calcineurin-like pathway mediates the beneficial effect of calcium on plant salt tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, J -- Zhu, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcineurin/chemistry ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; Ion Transport ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Plant Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium/metabolism/*pharmacology
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited form of heart disease that affects 1 in 500 individuals. Here it is shown that calcineurin, a calcium-regulated phosphatase, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCM. Administration of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin and FK506 prevented disease in mice that were genetically predisposed to develop HCM as a result of aberrant expression of tropomodulin, myosin light chain-2, or fetal beta-tropomyosin in the heart. Cyclosporin had a similar effect in a rat model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. These results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors merit investigation as potential therapeutics for certain forms of human heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, M A -- Lim, H W -- Gude, N -- Taigen, T -- Olson, E N -- Robbins, J -- Colbert, M C -- Gualberto, A -- Wieczorek, D F -- Molkentin, J D -- HL58224-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; *Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cyclosporine/*pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myosin Light Chains/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tacrolimus/*pharmacology ; Tropomodulin ; Tropomyosin/genetics
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1998-11-30
    Description: The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) acts as a Ca2+ release channel on internal Ca2+ stores. Type 1 IP3R (IP3R1) is enriched in growth cones of neurons in chick dorsal root ganglia. Depletion of internal Ca2+ stores and inhibition of IP3 signaling with drugs inhibited neurite extension. Microinjection of heparin, a competitive IP3R blocker, induced neurite retraction. Acute localized loss of function of IP3R1 in the growth cone induced by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation resulted in growth arrest and neurite retraction. IP3-induced Ca2+ release in growth cones appears to have a crucial role in control of nerve growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takei, K -- Shin, R M -- Inoue, T -- Kato, K -- Mikoshiba, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calciosignal Net Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan. kohtaro@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Growth Cones/*metabolism ; Heparin/pharmacology ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Lasers ; Lithium Chloride/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Video ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Neurites/drug effects/*physiology ; Pseudopodia/drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology
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  • 86
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits cell proliferation, and acquisition of TGF-beta resistance has been linked to tumorigenesis. A genetic screen was performed to identify complementary DNAs that abrogated TGF-beta sensitivity in mink lung epithelial cells. Ectopic expression of murine double minute 2 rescued TGF-beta-induced growth arrest in a p53-independent manner by interference with retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (Rb)/E2F function. In human breast tumor cells, increased MDM2 expression levels correlated with TGF-beta resistance. Thus, MDM2 may confer TGF-beta resistance in a subset of tumors and may promote tumorigenesis by interference with two independent tumor suppressors, p53 and Rb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, P -- Dong, P -- Dai, K -- Hannon, G J -- Beach, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2270-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Carrier Proteins ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; E2F Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Mink ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1 ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor DP1 ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*pharmacology/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The tumor suppressor PTEN is a phosphatase with sequence similarity to the cytoskeletal protein tensin. Here the cellular roles of PTEN were investigated. Overexpression of PTEN inhibited cell migration, whereas antisense PTEN enhanced migration. Integrin-mediated cell spreading and the formation of focal adhesions were down-regulated by wild-type PTEN but not by PTEN with an inactive phosphatase domain. PTEN interacted with the focal adhesion kinase FAK and reduced its tyrosine phosphorylation. Overexpression of FAK partially antagonized the effects of PTEN. Thus, PTEN phosphatase may function as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating cell interactions with the extracellular matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamura, M -- Gu, J -- Matsumoto, K -- Aota, S -- Parsons, R -- Yamada, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1614-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA. mtamura@yoda.nidr.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Concanavalin A ; Down-Regulation ; Ecdysone/pharmacology ; Fibronectins ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Integrins/physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; *Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Phosphorylation ; Polylysine ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-08-28
    Description: Apoptosis is a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that threaten the animal's survival. Certain cells have unique sensors, termed death receptors, on their surface. Death receptors detect the presence of extracellular death signals and, in response, they rapidly ignite the cell's intrinsic apoptosis machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashkenazi, A -- Dixit, V M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. aa@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9721089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Signal Transduction
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1528-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9644017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Eye Abnormalities/chemically induced/*etiology/veterinary ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Holoprosencephaly/chemically induced/*etiology/veterinary ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Teratogens/metabolism/*toxicity ; *Trans-Activators ; Veratrum Alkaloids/*toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 1998-01-24
    Description: The function and regulation of the receptorlike transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are not well understood. Ligand-induced dimerization inhibited the function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-RPTP CD45 chimera (EGFR-CD45) in T cell signal transduction. Properties of mutated EGFR-CD45 chimeras supported a general model for the regulation of RPTPs, derived from the crystal structure of the RPTPalpha membrane-proximal phosphatase domain. The phosphatase domain apparently forms a symmetrical dimer in which the catalytic site of one molecule is blocked by specific contacts with a wedge from the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majeti, R -- Bilwes, A M -- Noel, J P -- Hunter, T -- Weiss, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD45/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: Cell interactions mediated by Notch-family receptors have been implicated in the specification of tissue boundaries in vertebrate and insect development. Although Notch ligands are often widely expressed, tightly localized activation of Notch is critical for the formation of sharp boundaries. Evidence is presented here that the POU domain protein Nubbin contributes to the formation of a sharp dorsoventral boundary in the Drosophila wing. Nubbin represses Notch-dependent target genes and sets a threshold for Notch activity that defines the spatial domain of boundary-specific gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumann, C J -- Cohen, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):409-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; POU Domain Factors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Wings, Animal/*growth & development/metabolism ; Wnt1 Protein
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Description: Members of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family stimulate the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of the alpha subunits of certain heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho, p115 RhoGEF, has an amino-terminal region with similarity to RGS proteins. Recombinant p115 RhoGEF and a fusion protein containing the amino terminus of p115 had specific activity as GTPase activating proteins toward the alpha subunits of the G proteins G12 and G13, but not toward members of the Gs, Gi, or Gq subfamilies of Galpha proteins. This GEF may act as an intermediary in the regulation of Rho proteins by G13 and G12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozasa, T -- Jiang, X -- Hart, M J -- Sternweis, P M -- Singer, W D -- Gilman, A G -- Bollag, G -- Sternweis, P C -- GM31954/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2109-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Compounds/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Fluorides/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosik, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/etiology/*metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Presenilin-1 ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; beta Catenin ; tau Proteins/metabolism
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 1998-10-09
    Description: Desiccation of plants during drought can be detrimental to agricultural production. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) reduces water loss by triggering stomatal pore closure in leaves, a process requiring ion-channel modulation by cytoplasmic proteins. Deletion of the Arabidopsis farnesyltransferase gene ERA1 or application of farnesyltransferase inhibitors resulted in ABA hypersensitivity of guard cell anion-channel activation and of stomatal closing. ERA1 was expressed in guard cells. Double-mutant analyses of era1 with the ABA-insensitive mutants abi1 and abi2 showed that era1 suppresses the ABA-insensitive phenotypes. Moreover, era1 plants exhibited a reduction in transpirational water loss during drought treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pei, Z M -- Ghassemian, M -- Kwak, C M -- McCourt, P -- Schroeder, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):287-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Anions ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Farnesol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/cytology/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polyenes/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Protein Prenylation ; Signal Transduction ; Water/*metabolism
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: The leukocyte-specific adapter molecule SLP-76 (Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kilodaltons) is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues after receptor ligation in several hematopoietically derived cell types. Mice made deficient for SLP-76 expression contained no peripheral T cells as a result of an early block in thymopoiesis. Macrophage and natural killer cell compartments were intact in SLP-76-deficient mice, despite SLP-76 expression in these lineages in wild-type mice. Thus, the SLP-76 adapter protein is required for normal thymocyte development and plays a crucial role in translating signals mediated by pre-T cell receptors into distal biochemical events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clements, J L -- Yang, B -- Ross-Barta, S E -- Eliason, S L -- Hrstka, R F -- Williamson, R A -- Koretzky, G A -- GM53256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Gene Targeting ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology ; *Leukopoiesis ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: The unc-129 gene, like the unc-6 netrin gene, is required to guide pioneer motoraxons along the dorsoventral axis of Caenorhabditis elegans. unc-129 encodes a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of secreted signaling molecules and is expressed in dorsal, but not ventral, rows of body wall muscles. Ectopic expression of UNC-129 from ventral body wall muscle disrupts growth cone and cell migrations that normally occur along the dorsoventral axis. Thus, UNC-129 mediates expression of dorsoventral polarity information required for axon guidance and guided cell migrations in C. elegans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colavita, A -- Krishna, S -- Zheng, H -- Padgett, R W -- Culotti, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):706-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cell Movement ; Gene Expression ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscles/*metabolism ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics/physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-10-30
    Description: Toward a genetic dissection of the processes involved in aging, a screen for gene mutations that extend life-span in Drosophila melanogaster was performed. The mutant line methuselah (mth) displayed approximately 35 percent increase in average life-span and enhanced resistance to various forms of stress, including starvation, high temperature, and dietary paraquat, a free-radical generator. The mth gene predicted a protein with homology to several guanosine triphosphate-binding protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptors. Thus, the organism may use signal transduction pathways to modulate stress response and life-span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Y J -- Seroude, L -- Benzer, S -- AG12289/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- EY09278/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 30;282(5390):943-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9794765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; Hot Temperature ; Insecticide Resistance ; Longevity/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):166-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9687275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Induction ; Endoderm/cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Transcription Factors ; Wnt1 Protein
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Bacterial Toxins/biosynthesis ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mice ; Oligopeptides/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; RNA, Antisense/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology/*prevention & control ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Vaccination ; Virulence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):481-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain/embryology/physiology ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*physiology ; Nervous System/embryology ; Neurons/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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