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  • Articles  (1,096)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,096)
  • Physics  (1,096)
  • 1980-1984  (1,096)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (538)
  • 1980  (558)
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  • Articles  (1,096)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,096)
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  • 1980-1984  (1,096)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization. IV. Polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by peroxodisulfate ion and metal ion catalysis (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1679-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization kinetics of methacrylamide (M) initiated by S2O2-8 ion in the presence and absence of the metal ions Ag+ and Cu2+ has been studied. The rate laws have been established and are compared with those of acrylamide. The results indicate that steric hindrance from the α-methyl group affects the initiation reaction. Cu2+ ions are found to reduce the rate of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180603
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polychloroprenes and cationically modified polychloroprenes by thermal dehydrochlorination (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1685-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal dehydrochlorination of polychloroprenes and modified polychloroprenes was studied and was found to be rapid, readily reproducible, and reliable for the characterization of these rubbers. The rates of thermal dehydrochlorination of polychloroprenes and modified polychloroprenes are first order at 190°C under nitrogen. Significantly, the plot of dehydrochlorination rate (VHCl) versus dehydrochlorination extent (ζHCl) for polychloroprenes shows three regions. These data may be attributed to three dehydrochlorination regimes associated with four contributing repeat structures that have been identified by 13C-NMR spectroscopy: In contrast to polychloroprene, VHCl vs. ζHCl plots for modified (cyclopentadienylated and grafted) polychloroprenes, i.e., polychloroprenes that do not contain allylic chlorines, exhibit only one region suggesting only one dehydrochlorination mechanism in these materials. The slopes of the VHCl vs. ζHCl plots of the modified polychloroprenes are virtually identical. Moreover, the slopes of the VHCl vs. ζHCl plots for modified polychloroprenes and that of the latest of the three regions for unmodified polychloroprene are indistinguishable. This similarity in the VHCl vs. ζHCl curves suggests dehydrochlorination by a fundamentally similar mechanism in these materials, most likely one involving the —CH2—C(Cl)=CH—CH2— structure common to all of them. Concentration of labile chlorines in polychloroprene may be estimated by the differences in the dehydrochlorination kinetics of polychloroprene and modified polychloroprenes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180604
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymidines. V. Poly[(3,3-diphenyl-2,6-phthalimidinediyl)-carbonyl(3,3-diphenyl-6,2-phthalimidine)]s (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1719-1726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new diphthalide monomer, bis(3,3-diphenyl-6-phthalidyl) ketone, was polymerized with six diamines: 1,6-diaminohexane, benzidine, p-phenylene diamine, p,p′-diaminodiphenyl ether, p,p′-diaminodiphenylmethane, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone. Solution polymerization in benzhydrol, biphenyl, or p-phenylphenol solvents gave low-molecular-weight polymers (inherent viscosity 0.13 dl/g or less) which were soluble in chloroform and dimethylformamide. TGA data showed 10% weight losses at 445-525°C in air and 475-540°C in nitrogen for the aromatic backbones. Yields ranged from 47 to 78%. The application of continuous vacuum to the polymerization allowed the removal of water by-product and resulted in a light-colored polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180607
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyamides by a new direct polycondensation reaction using triphenyl phosphite and lithium chloride (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1711-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal salts such as lithium chloride were found to facilitate significantly the reaction of carboxylic acids and amines promoted by triphenyl phosphite, and the reaction was applied successfully to the direct polycondensation reaction of dicarboxylic acids and diamines and of p-aminobenzoic acid. Among metal salts tested, lithium chloride was most effective to the reaction; the chloride was involved catalytically in the reaction, its addition of about twice equivalent to triphenyl phosphite giving the most favorable results. Triphenyl phosphite was most effective, whereas diphenyl phosphite was less effective, and alkyl esters gave no polymers. The reaction was also markedly affected by solvents, the most favorable results being given in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Various polyamides of high molecular weight were obtained in quantitative yield.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180606
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state polymerization of long-chain vinyl compounds. III. Mechanism of γ-ray-initiated postpolymerization in layered structures of octadecyl methacrylate and acrylate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1693-1709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism and kinetics of the γ-ray-initiated postpolymerization of octadecyl methacrylate and acrylate in lamellar crystals were investigated by a simple model. This model assumes that the initiation points are distributed as in a checkerboard and that polymerization probability of the monomer molecules decreases conically around each initiation point. The two-dimensional polymerization can be characterized in this cone model by two parameters, a and r; a represents the polymerizability of the monomer for a given condition, and r depends on the number of initiation points per unit area. G values for the initiation reaction of octadecyl methacrylate and acrylate were estimated as 0.8 and 1.6, respectively. The two-dimensional postpolymerization of long-chain compounds proceeds in two stages. The rate of polymerization is very high and zero order with respect to monomer concentration in the first stage. It is lower and obeys first-order kinetics in the second stage. The rate constants of the zero-and first-order polymerizations were kp0 = 1.73 molecule sec-1 and kp1 = 0.93 sec-1, respectively, for octadecyl acrylate at 20°C.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180605
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new universal GPC calibration method (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1727-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A model of GPC separation phenomenon with a new calibration method has been developed based on the probability of molecular size exclusion from a porous packing material. The model was shown to give a theoretical explanation of instrument range and sensitivity. With data from the literature, the new calibration method was shown to be statistically superior to the standard method suggested by Grubisic.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180608
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
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    Polymerization of aromatic nuclei. XXIII. Investigation of oligomer and pyrrole red from pyrrole and trichloroacetic acid (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1759-1770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A reinvestigation of the oligomerization of pyrrole by trichloroacetic acid was carried out to establish the structure of the product. Comparison of spectral data with those of model compounds suggests that the oligomer is best represented by I. Further comparison was made to the known trimer I, dimer V, and other substituted pyrroles and pyrrolidines. In addition, microanalytical and molecular weight data were obtained. Structure I is in disagreement with that of Wassermann et al., who proposed the presence of units possessing aliphatic unsaturation for the same product. Mechanistic aspects are discussed. A limited study was carried out with pyrrole red.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180610
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
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    Head-to-head polymers. XV. A facile synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted succinates and butanediols-1,4 (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1739-1758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A synthetic approach that makes symmetrically 2,3-dialkyl-substituted succinates and compounds prepared from 2,3-dialkyl-substituted succinates easily available has been developed. Coupling of α-bromoalkanoic esters with a zinc/copper couple produced in about 40% yield 2,3-disubstituted succinates which were reduced with LiAlH4 to 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4 in nearly quantitative yields. Some 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4 were cyclodehydrated under reduced pressure with KHSO4 to 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans or acetylated and the diacetyl compounds pyrolyzed at 525°C to 2,3 disubstituted butadienes-1,3. The length of the alkyl chains of the 2,3-dialkylsuccinates and consequently the 2,3-dialkylbutanediols-1,4 ranged from C2 to C16. 2,3-Disubstituted butanediols-1,4, 2,3-disubstituted butadienes-1,3, and 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans are interesting monomers for polymerization experiments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180609
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  • 109
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    Aromatic polymides. VII. Synthesis of sulfonated poly(para-phenyleneterephthalamide): Polymerization of 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl) benzene with para-phenylenediamine sulfate in SO3 (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1787-1797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: para-Phenylenediamine sulfate polymerized with 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene in SO3 at 〉 20% polymer concentration to form highly anisotropic (liquid crystalline) sulfonated poly(para-phenyleneterephthalamide) (S-PPT) solutions with inherent viscosities as high as 1.2. Analogous to the polymerization of para-phenylenediamine sulfate with terephthalic acid in SO3 reported previously, sulfonation of the aromatic diamine ring of S-PPT was not competitive with the polymerization reaction, but it was a major side reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180612
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  • 110
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    Polymerization of allyl esters of unsaturated acids. V. Cyclopolymerization of methyl allyl fumarate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1771-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of radical polymerization of methyl allyl fumarate (MAF) is discussed in terms of cyclopolymerization and compared with the polymerization results of methyl allyl maleate (MAM) as a cis isomer. In the polymerization of MAF, the rate and degree of polymerization were quite enhanced compared with MAM, and gelation occurred at low conversion. The content of the unreacted allylic double bonds of the MAF polymer was quite large; whereas those of the unreacted fumaric double bonds and the cyclic structural units showed reverse tendencies. Only a slight presence of a five-membered ring was observed in the MAF polymer. The cyclization constants KA and KV, the ratios of the rate constants of the unimolecular cyclization reaction to those of the bimolecular propagation reaction of the uncyclized allylic and fumaric radicals, were estimated to be 2.73 and 1.48 mole/liter, respectively. These values suggest the great difference in the cyclopolymerization behavior between two isomeric monomers. These results are discussed in detail in connection with the high reactivity of the fumaric double bond compared to the maleic double bond. In addition, the formation mode and the sequence distribution of the structural units of the polymer produced are discussed on the basis of these analytical results. Thus, for the MAF polymer obtained in the bulk polymerization, about 60% of the cyclic structure can be formed via the intramolecular attack of the uncyclized fumaric radical on the allylic double bond, as opposed to the case of MAM via the predominant intramolecular attack (ca. 90%) of the uncyclized allylic radical on the maleic double bond; these results and the low probability for the succession of cyclic structures and the rather high probability of a vinyl-to-vinyl addition are presented.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180611
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
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    Grafting of polytetrahydrofuran from neoprene W in the presence of perchlorate salts (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1799-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silver, mercury, and lead perchlorates can be used to prepare graft copolymers of polytetrahydrofuran from neoprene. Iron and aluminum perchlorates lead to graft copolymers but the conversion is low. The most efficient graft copolymerizations are obtained at high salt-to-neoprene ratios, long reaction times, and low monomer-to-neoprene concentration ratios. Very surprisingly, high initial monomer-to-neoprene concentration ratios lead to low graft copolymerization efficiencies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180613
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  • 112
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    Catalytic effect of poly(4-vinyl-N-alkylpyridinium) salts on the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-containing indolyl groups (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1807-1813 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkaline hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl-3-indoleacetate (p-NPIA) and N-(indole-3-acryloyl)imidazole (IAI) were studied in the presence of poly(4-vinyl-N-propylpyridinium bromide) (C3PVP), poly(4-vinyl-N-benzylpyridinium chloride) (BzPVP), and copolymers of 4-vinyl-N-benzylpyridinium chloride and 4-vinyl-N-cetylpyridinium bromide (C16BzPVP). The hydrolyses were enhanced by the addition of these cationic polyelectrolytes. The magnitudes of the enhancement were in the order C16BzPVP 〉 BzPVP 〉 C3PVP, which is explainable in terms of the hydrophobicity of the polymers. The result and activation parameters obtained indicated that the substrates bound to polymers were more reactive than free substrates. The association constants obtained from the kinetic measurements (K) increased in the order BzPVP 〈 C3PVP 〈 C16BzPVP, which may suggest an important contribution of charge transfer interaction, in addition to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, between the polymers and the substrates. The association constants between the polymers and IAI were also obtained independently from the spectrophotometric measurements (K*) with the charge transfer absorption bands. The lack of a satisfactory agreement between K and K* is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180614
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  • 113
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    Polyelectrolyte effects on the charge transfer complex formation between FMN and indole derivatives (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1815-1820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex formation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) with tryptamine, indoleacetate, and trytophan was investigated in the presence of polyelectrolytes; that is, sodium polyethylene sulfonate (NaPES), sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS), and a copolymer of diethyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (DECS). The complexation of FMN and tryptamine was strongly retarded by the macrocations and macroanions, whereas that of FMN and indoleacetate was enhanced by the macrocations. Furthermore, the equilibrium constants of FMN-tryptophan complex were insensitive to the addition of polyelectrolytes. These results suggest that the complexation of FMN was strongly influenced by the electrostatic interactions between the reactant ions and macroions, in addition to those between the reactant ions, in conformity with the secondary salt effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180615
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  • 114
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    New processable polyaromatic ether-keto-sulfones curable by Diels-Alder cycloaddition (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1821-1834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Processable polyaromatic ether-keto-sulfones were prepared from the acid chloride of bis-m-carboxyphenyl acetylene (XII), isophthaloyl chloride (XX), diphenyl ether (XVIII), and 4,4′-diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone (XIX) in a Friedel-Crafts-type polymerization. These polymers were cured by Diels-Alder cycloaddition with 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. The cured polymers showed an increase in Tg and in thermal and heat stabilities. The polymers form colorless, transparent, brittle films and can be cast into a glass fiber laminate. Both meta-and para-substituted acid chlorides of biscarboxyphenyl-1,3-butadiene yielded insoluble polymers under the same conditions but form processable polymers where combined with acetylene units in the polymer chain. Polymers that contained both acetylene and butadiene units were prepared but could not be cured by an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180616
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
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    New processable polyaromatic amides curable by Diels-Alder cycloaddition (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1835-1840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New processable polyaromatic amides were prepared from the acid chloride of bis-m-carboxyphenyl acetylene (V), the acid chloride of 1,4-bis-m-carboxyphenyl-1,3-butadiene (VI), and several aromatic diamines. The polyamides that contained acetylene units were cured by Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction with 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, whereas the polyamides with 1,3-butadiene units were cured with N-phenyl maleimide. Cured polyamides showed an increase in tg, thermal, and heat stabilities. The polyamides can be cast into films and produce good glass-fiber laminates.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180617
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  • 116
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    High-molecular-weight poly(amino acid)s by the direct polycondensation reaction promoted by triphenyl phosphite and LiCl in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1841-1846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(α-amino acid)s of high molecular weight were obtained by the direct polycondensation reaction of α-amino acids in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a matrix of triphenyl phosphite and LiCl in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Molecular weights of the polymer produced were improved by use of an increasing amount of matrix of higher molecular weight. Most favorable results were obtained by the reaction at 80°C for 16 hr at a monomer concentration of 0.33 mole/liter in a NMP solution that contained about 3 wt % LiCl in the presence of an equivalent unit mole of PVP with the molecular weight of 3.6 x 105. The polymer from β-alanine with high molecular weight, which is difficult to obtain by the NCA method, was easily prepared by this process.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180618
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  • 117
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    Functional monomers and polymers. LXXI.For Part LXX, see ref. 1. Conformation and interaction studies of poly-L-lysine derivatives with pendant nucleic acid bases (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1847-1856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymers of L-lysine and L-lysine derivatives which contained nucleic acid bases substituted on the Nε position were synthesized by grafting nucleic acid derivatives onto poly-L-lysine. The conformation and interaction of these copolymers in solution were studied by using spectroscopic measurements. They existed in helical conformation at neutral pH values, and the polymer complex formation among them was examined by ultraviolet (UV) measurements in organic solvents. A decrease in the nucleic acid base content of the copolymers resulted in a decrease in helical structures and also in interactions with the polymer-containing complementary bases.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180619
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  • 118
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    On the reactivity of cellulose free radicals in graft copolymerization reactions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1857-1869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation and behavior of photo-and mechanoinduced free radicals in cellulose were studied by ESR spectroscopy and the capability of these free radicals to initiate graft copolymerization reactions was demonstrated. Although an 11-line ESR signal was detected from cellulose irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, a higher-intensity ESR signal with a five-line pattern was detected from a sample mechanically milled at 77 K. The decay of photoinduced free radicals when heated took place monotonously, whereas mechanoradicals exhibited an anomalous behavior with an increased signal intensity at 150 K before decaying at a higher temperature. Mechanoradicals have been found to react more efficiently and rapidly with oxygen and methyl methacrylate (MMA) than photoinduced free radicals. The peroxy mechanoradicals, however, were mobile and decayed more rapidly than the peroxy photoinduced radicals. Simultaneous graft copolymerizations of MMA to cellulose demonstrated that mechano-and photoinduced free radicals are capable of initiating grafting reactions, but a higher degree of grafting efficiency was obtained from cellulose treated mechanically.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180620
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  • 119
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    Polymer containing fluorinated ketone groups. I. DSC and NMR studies of poly(p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone) and polymers of similar structure (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1871-1876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The unexpected crystallinity of free radically polymerized poly(p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone) (PVTFA) due to lateral order was previously found in this laboratory. To further the understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and crystalline order in polymers of the PVTFA type, polymers of similar structure were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These polymers were poly(p-vinyldifluoroacetophenone) (PVDFA), poly(p-vinylphenylheptafluoropropyl ketone) (PVHFK), poly(p-vinylacetophenone) (PVA), and poly(p-vinylphenyltrifluoromethyl carbinol) (PVPTC). Only PVTFA had a crystalline melting temperature (188°C); 220-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on the microstructure of PVTFA and PVDFA revealed broad peaks for the chain protons. The PVTFA was therefore assumed to be predominantly atactic. The results suggested that the unusual crystallinity of PVTFA was related to the unique size and interaction of the trifluoroacetyl moiety on the polymeric side chain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180621
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  • 120
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    Polymers containing fluorinated ketone groups. II. NMR studies of the reaction of methylbenzyl trifluoromethyl ketones with alcohols in carbon tetrachloride (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1877-1882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Prior to the study of poly(o- and p-vinylbenzyl trifluoromethyl ketone) (PVTFK) polymers and their reaction with alcohols, the reactions of some simple model compounds with alcohols were investigated. The reaction of fluorinated ketones toward alcohols was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two fluorinated ketones-p-methylbenzyl trifluoromethyl ketone (p-MTFK) and o-methylbenzyl trifluoromethyl ketone (o-MTFK)-were prepared. Studies of the reaction of p-MTFK and o-MTFK to various alcohols based on NMR produced equilibrium constants (1M in CCl4) at 31°C that ranged from 0.1 to 6.0. The equilibrium constants for p-MTFK with alcohols were larger than those for o-MTFK. In addition, the equilibrium constants for primary alcohols were larger than those for secondary and tertiary alcohols. Steric effects in this reaction could explain the lowered equilibrium constants for o-MTFK and the secondary and tertiary alcohols.
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    Polymers containing fluorinated ketone groups. III. Synthesis of styrene/p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone copolymers by modification of polystyrene and the copolymerization of monomers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1883-1888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymers of styrene/p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone were prepared by two different reaction routes: (1) modification of polystyrene with trifluoroacetyl chloride and (2) copolymerization of styrene and p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone (VTFA). There appears to be a limit to the modification method because only a maximum content of 14.5 mole % trifluoroacetyl functionality could be attached to the polymer before the onset of crosslinking. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine their Tg's. In addition, the reactivity ratios of styrene and VTFA were investigated. The reactivity ratios and Q and e values were r1 = 0.30 ± 0.09 (styrene) and r2 = 1.3 ± 0.3 (VTFA); Q1 = 1.0 and e1 = -0.8 (styrene); Q2 = 0.44 and e2 = 1.93 (VTFA).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Polyimides from diisocyanates and dianhydrideNCL Communication No. 2476. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1905-1909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyimides soluble in polar solvents such as dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were synthesized by reacting 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and three different diisocyanates with the following general structure: where R is ethyl, propyl, or phenyl. Thermal properties of these polymides have been compared with that obtained by reacting 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane and BTDA.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Grafting onto wool. VIII. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by use of Ce4+ -amine system as redox initiator (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1911-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to determine the role of a variety of amines in ceric-ion-initiated grafting, poly-(methyl methacrylate) was graft copolymerized onto Himachali wool in the presence of a variety of amines that included ammonia, diethylamine (DEA), dipropylamine (DPA), triethylamine (TEA), triethanol amine, and pyridine. All amines (with the exception of DEA) reduced the percent grafting. The reactivity of various amines toward graft copolymerization followed the order: DEA 〉 DPA 〉 NH3 〉 TEA 〉 triethanol amine 〉 Py. An explanation based on the basicity, nucleophilicity, and steric requirement of amines is given to explain the observed reactivity order shown by the various amines toward graft copolymerization.
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    Polymers containing fluorinated ketone groups. IV. Syntheses and characterization of new fluorinated ketone-containing polymer-substituted polystyrenes (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1889-1903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of new fluorinated ketone-containing polymers, poly(p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone) (PVTFA), poly(p-vinyldifluoroacetophenone) (PVDFA), poly(p-vinylphenylheptafluoropropyl ketone) (PVHFK), and poly(o-and p-vinylbenzyltrifluoromethyl ketone) (PVTFK), were prepared by the free radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers. The monomers, p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone (VTFA), p-vinyldifluoroacetophenone (VDFA), p-vinylphenylheptafluoropropyl ketone (VHFK), and o-and p-vinylbenzyltrifluoromethyl ketone (VTFK), were prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with the corresponding perfluoroacid or its lithium salt. Polymerization was a competitive side reaction during monomer preparation. Reduced side reaction and higher yields of monomer (based on the Grignard reagent) were obtained from the lithium salt of the perfluoroacid, compared with the perfluoroacid itself. These new substituted polystyrenes which contain fluorinated ketone functionality were characterized by their ability to (1) react with active hydrogen compounds such as alcohols or water; (2) have high glass transition temperatures and decreased solubility in nonpolar solvents (e. g., benzene) compared with polystyrene; and (3) be converted into other functional groups such as alcohols or acids by treatment with the appropriate chemical reagents. Beads of a styrene (ST) terpolymer with 2% divinylbenzene (DVB), which contained the CF3COCH2 function, were prepared by suspension polymerization of ST, VTFK, and DVB. The terpolymer, which contains 15-17% mole (or 0.70-0.71 meg/g) of CF3COCH2 swollen with a solvent, were shown to chemisorb alcohols.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Effect of tin tetrachloride on thermal decompositions of α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile and dimethyl α,α′-azobisisobutyrate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1917-1922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal decomposition of α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and dimethyl α,α′-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) in the presence of a large amount of tin tetrachloride was investigated to determine the effect of complex formation on the decomposition rates and yields of the recombination products. The addition of tin tetrachloride significantly increased the decomposition rates; the observed first-order rate constant increased by factors of 4.5 and 17 at molar ratios of [SnCl4]/[AIBN] = 21.65 and [SnCl4]/[MAIB] = 19.53, respectively. It was found that the decomposition of these azo compounds was also accelerated by the addition of a comparable amount of donor solvent such as ethyl acetate or propionitrile to tin tetrachloride and that the enhancement in rate was accounted for by a larger frequency factor in the Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, the addition of tin tetrachloride seemed to suppress the formation of recombination products, tetramethyl succinonitrile and dimethyl tetramethylsuccinate, of the radicals produced by decomposition.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Mechanism of thermal degradation of polyurethanes investigated by direct pyrolysis in the mass spectrometer (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1923-1931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct pyrolysis in the mass spectrometer (MS) yielded unequivocal evidence regarding the mechanism of thermal decomposition of N-monosubstituted and N-disubstituted polyurethanes. It was ascertained that direct pyrolysis in the MS detects the primary thermal fragments that originate from polyurethane pyrolysis. This is particularly useful when, as in the thermal decomposition illustrated in eq. (1), it is necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary thermal fragments in order to assess the thermal degradation mechanism. Our results indicate that N-monosubstituted polyurethane V undergoes a quantitative depolycondensation process. Instead, the thermal decomposition of the N-disubstituted polyurethane VI which occurs selectively in eq. (1) is demonstrated by the detection of thermal fragments that contain secondary amine and olefinic end groups. Finally, polyurethane VI shows a higher thermal stability with respect to polymer V because of the absence of the depolycondensation process, which accounts for the thermal degradation of the N-monosubstituted polyurethane V.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Reactions of polystyryl anions with carbon dioxide and oxygen. Analysis of products by silica gel chromatography (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1945-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polystyryllithium was prepared by anionic polymerization. This “living polymer” and the polystyrylmagnesium bromide derived from it were treated with carbon dioxide (solid or gas). The highest yields of carboxylic acid were obtained when solid carbon dioxide was used with polystyryllithium or by treatment of polystyrylmagnesium bromide with gaseous carbon dioxide. The products from the reaction of polystyryllithium with oxygen were polymeric ketone X, the alcohols IXa and IXb, and coupling products (e. g., XI). The various functionalized and unfunctionalized polystyrene products were isolated by chromatography on silica gel and were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with chemical transformations.
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    Radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone in the presence of syndiotactic poly(methacrylic acid) templates (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1933-1943 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone along poly(methacrylic acid) templates of high syndiotatic content was followed dilatometrically in dimethylformamide, which was used as solvent. The effects of template concentration, template molar mass, and temperature on polymerization rate and average molar mass of the formed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were examined. Template concentrations were varied around the critical concentration for homogeneous segmental distribution, C*. Below this concentration, template coils can act as separate microreactors wherein growing PVP radicals exhibit maximum rate enhancement, i. e., relative rate νR = νR,max. In the free solution, blank polymerization occurs, i. e., νR = 1. Consequently, νR can be approximated by the equation νR = φνR,max + (1 - φ), where φ represents the volume fraction occupied by template coils. The slight increase in UR and PVP molar mass with the template chain length is supposed to be caused by the influence of translational diffusion on the termination step. Over the investigated temperature range of 50-70°C, the activation energy and entropy were almost identical for blank and template polymerization. An expected decrease of ΔE≠ and ΔS≠ in template systems is supposed to be compensated by the effects of desolvation of the template macromolecules during the propagation step.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Synthesis and biodegradability of amylose block copolymers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1967-1977 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of amylose block co-and terpolymers is described. Fully acetylated amylose triacetate was hydrolyzed by hydronium ions to give a hydroxy-terminated amylose triacetate oligomer (HATA), which was reacted with diisocyanates to produce block copolymers. Prepolymers of HATA and MDI or TDI were reacted with both hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and polypropylene glycol to form block terpolymers. Block co- and terpolymer formation was demonstrated by intrinsic viscosity increases, gel permeation chromatographic results, and NMR and IR spectroscopy. The products were easily deacetylated by NaOMe in methanol to yield amylose block co- and terpolymers. These polymers were readily degraded by α-amylase. The enzymatic hydrolysis was monitored by intrinsic viscosity measurements. The rate of biodegradation was influenced by the DS of the amylose block and the composition of the block terpolymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Electroinitiated graft copolymerization (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1957-1966 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique has been developed for initiating a graft copolymerization electrochemically. A copoly(styrene/vinylbenzophenone) linear copolymer was prepared to serve as the electroactive starting material. The benzophenone sites on this molecule are readily activated at the cathode. Macroradical ions result from the direct transfer of electrons to benzophenone groups of the electroactive backbone polymer. In solution in N,N-dimethylformamide with tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP) as supporting electrolyte the passage of current produced a dark blue solution similar to that observed with radical anions obtained with benzophenone directly. When monomer such as acrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate was added, a graft copolymer was formed. Electrolysis of solutions of the backbone polymer in tetrahydrofurn (THF), with sodium tetraphenylboride as supporting electrolyte, produced relatively stable, persistent macroradical anions and, under appropriate conditions, the reddish-violet macrodianions. Both types initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. Graft copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared (IR), and solvent extraction. High grafting efficiency (i. e., free from homopolymer) can be obtained under appropriate conditions. Suitable mechanisms are proposed, compared, and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Reactivity of 4-halogeno 1-vinyl naphthalenes in cationic polymerization (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1995-2000 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Improved methods for the synthesis of 4-halogeno 1-vinylnaphthalenes are proposed. Reactivity ratios are determined for the following systems: 4-fluoro-1-vinyl naphthalene-styrene, 4-chloro-1-vinyl naphthalene-styrene, and 4-bromo-1-vinyl naphthalene-styrene. The determinations are performed at various specific temperatures and the relative activation parameters are obtained. It appears that the reactivity of 1-vinyl naphthalene is drastically decreased when substituted by a halogen. In the case of 1-vinyl naphthalene the selection is enthalpically controlled.
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    Emulsion polymerization of acenaphthylene. I. A study of particle nucleation in water phase and in aqueous emulsions (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1979-1993 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As the first phase in the study of the emulsion polymerization of acenaphthylene (AcN), the oligomerization kinetics of the in-aqueous-phase soluble portion of the AcN monomer was investigated. The reactions were carried out in the absence and presence of anionic emulsifiers. The monomer disappearance rate was followed by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and spectra were established for these species. It was found that aqueous phase AcN oligomerized with K2S2O8 initiator at 50°C to yield SO-4K+ -ended oligo -AcN species which showed a UV hypsochromic shift in polar solvents. The oligomerization had a second-order dependence on monomer concentration. The presence of sodium oleate (SO) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsifiers at below and above their critical micelle concentrations decreased the rate constant of the aqueous phase oligomerization. These observations led to the suggestion of a mixed micellization concept in the particle nucleation mechanism.
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    Kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the Mn3+-thioacetamide redox system (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2001-2010 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetics of the polymerization of acrylonitrile has been investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in a temperature range of 25-45°C. The rate of polymerization (Rp) and the rate of managanic ion disappearance, etc., have been measured. The effect of the various additives, such as water-miscible organic solvents, neutral electrolytes, complexing agents, and surfactants, on the rate has been thoroughly studied. A mechanism that involves the initial complex formation between the thiol form of the thioamide and Mn3+, whose decomposition yields the initiating free radical with the polymer chain terminated by mutual combination of growing radicals, has been suggested.
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    Macromolecular N-nitroso-acylamines as initiators for polyreactions. I. Synthesis of block copolymers from polycondensates and olefinic monomersSee ref. 1.,Presented in part at NERM 8 in Boston, Massachusetts, 1978; fourth contribution on “N-nitroso-acylamines as initiators for polyreactions” (see ref. 2). (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2011-2020 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of block copolymers in three-step reactions from linear polycondensates (e.g., nylon 6. nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10 and polyurethane) and olefinic monomers (e.g., styrene, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and isoprene) is reported. Macromolecular radicals are formed by the thermal decomposition of partly nitrosated peptide group containing polycondensates at elevated temperatures (60-200°C). These polyradicals initiate the copolymerization of the olefinic monomers. The conversion and reaction rates were generally high (up to 100% within a few hours). Most of the block copolymers prepared were soluble in organic solvents. Some, however, were insoluble or rubberlike. The reaction mechanism involved are analyzed. Applications are discussed.
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    Methods for the determination of the number of polytetrahydrofuran branches in neoprene-g-polytetrahydrofuran (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2021-2031 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods for the determination of the number of the number of polytetrahydrofuran branches in neoprene-g-polytetrahydrofuran were examined. Only two suitable methods were found; namely, termination of oxonium ions by triphenylphosphine followed by 31P-NMR and termination with NH4OH—NH4Cl buffer and reaction with fluorescamine followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Both methods led to the conclusion that Neoprene W has 9 ± 1 active halogens per mole that can be used to initiate tetrahydrofuran polymerization when silver salts are added. Among the methods examined in this study the fluorescence method was the most reliable, most reproducible, fastest, and simplest.
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    Pyrolysis of unsaturated polyester resin. Quantitative aspects (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1-15 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of this resin was examined by quantitative pyrolysis - gas chromatography. The decomposition does not follow the Hurd-Blunck mechanism generally obeyed by beta-hydrogen containing esters. Instead, phthalic anhydride is extruded almost quantitatively. It is proposed that the mechanism involves the rearrangement of the phthalate C—O bonds to extrude the anhydride, leaving a maleic acid - dipropylene glycol polyester chain.
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    Syntheses and characterization of N-grafted poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-grafted poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTA) were synthesized from PPTA and acrylonitrile or propylene oxide via metalation in a solution of the polymer in a sodium methylsulfinylcarbanion-dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at low temperatures. The introduction of these branches into the amide groups of PPTA increased solubility but decreased thermal stability. The effects of the branches on thermal properties and solubility are discussed. The structure of the graft copolymers is described on the basis of wide-angle x-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, and solubility.
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    Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by KO2- nitrobenzene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by a potassium superoxide (KO2)-nitrobenzene system was carried out in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 25°C. The initial rate of polymerization was rapid and a high-molecular-weight polymer was obtained. The molecular weight was proportional to monomer concentration and inversely to concentration of initiator within 5 min. The overall activation energy was estimated as -2.6kcal/mol deg in the temperature range of 20-50°C. In addition to nitrobenzene anion radical, other anion radicals generated by one-electron transfer from KO2 to charge transfer agents such as m-dinitrobenzene benzoquinone, benzophenone, and naphthalene were effective in the polymerization of acrylonitrile. It is proposed that polymerization proceeds via an anionic mechanism that involves one-electron transfer from anion radicals to monomer.
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    Diaryliodonium salts as thermal initiators of cationic polymerization (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 97-109 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diaryliodonium salts (I) undergo efficient thermal decomposition in the presence of copper (II) compounds. Such systems can be employed as a novel class of latent thermal initiators for cationic polymerization. An investigation of the mechanism of the reaction demonstrated that the copper (II) compound is first reduced to the corresponding copper (I) compound, which subsequently reduces the diaryliodonium salt. The cationic polymerization of some typical monomers using these new initiators was carried out to demonstrate the scope of their utility.
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    The formation of “inverted” core-shell latexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 147-154 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been found that when hydrophobic monomers are polymerized in the presence of highly hydrophilic polymer seed particles, the second-stage hydrophobic polymers form cores surrounded by the first-stage hydrophilic polymers, resulting in “inverted” core-shell latexes. The formation of core-shell morphology by this inversion process has been found to be dependent on the hydrophilicity and molecular weight of the first-stage hydrophilic polymers and the extent of phase separation between the two polymers involved. Particle morphology has been examined by electron microscopy, surface acid titration, alkali swelling of particles, and surface reactivity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210115
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    Investigation of the structure of polymeric microemulsions by proton magnetic resonance (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of polymeric microemulsions, viz. toluene/water/PS-PEO graft copolymer/2-propanol, has been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Results show that at low water contents, the copolymer adopts a rather diffuse micellar structure in which the rotational mobility of the ethylene oxide units is little affected by the ternary solvent mixture. Above a critical water concentration (ca. 4%), a restriction in mobility of the ethylene oxide chains is observed which has been related to the formation of an inverse micellar structure with water solubilized within the particles. The study of the chemical shifts and linewidths of water protons indicates that initially most of the water is hydrogen bonded to the hydrophilic part of the copolymer, then is present in its free form in water aggregates. These results confirm previous data obtained by dialysis equilibrium experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210116
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    Piezoelectric polymer films. II. Piezoelectric and pyroelectric evaluationThis work was written up under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 751-760 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The concept of piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in amorphous polymers is presented, with experimental results, details on sample preparation, and activity evaluation. Most evaluations were performed on 25-30 mol% tributyltin methacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymers, which possessed good piezoelectric activity, antifouling properties, and paint-formulation characteristics. Solvent-induced orientation effects that lead to piezoelectric activity in amorphous, unpoled, polymers are also described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210310
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    Magnesium chloride-supported, high-mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization. V. BET, porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction studies (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 737-750 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The physical state of the material obtained during the various stages of preparation of a typical MgCl2-supported, high-mileage propylene polymerization catalyst was studied by BET, mercury porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The starting MgCl2 and the substance after HCl treatment have negligible BET surface areas. Mercury porosimetry showed that they have large pores with radii 〉 200 nm which are probably crevices between MgCl2 crystallites. The most pronounced physical changes occur during dry porcelain ball milling in the presence of ethyl benzoate. After 60 h or more of ball milling the material had a 5.1-7.3 m2 g-1 BET surface area, twice the pore surface area, and a smaller pore radius than before ball milling and a large reduction in crystallite sizes to almost ultimate dimensions. The crystallites were probably held together by complexation with ethyl benzoate in the form of large agglomerates. Subsequent reactions with p-cresol and triethyl aluminum had minor effects in further reduction of the MgCl2 crystallite size but efficiently brokeup the agglomerates. The final refluxing with TiCl4 increased the BET surface area to 110-150 m2 g-1 but may have increased the crystallite size somewhat due to cocrystallization of TiCl3 and AlCl3 with MgCl2. There may have been only 8-10 crystallites in each catalyst particle. The surface structure of the catalyst resembled those of the classical Ziegler-Natta γ-TiCl3·0.33 AlCl3 catalyst.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Synthesis and characterization of polymerizable bisphthalonitrile monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 111-120 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of 4-aminophthalonitrile (APN) with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTDA), and with 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) have been studied to optimize the conditions for the synthesis of monomeric thermosetting bisphthalonitrile compound. Suitable procedures for the synthesis of the two monomers are presented. Elemental analyses, IR spectra, dynamic thermogravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral studies have been used to characterize these compounds. Preliminary observations show that these materials can be polymerized to give high-temperature-resistant materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210112
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    Influence of monomer composition on certain factors affecting the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 141-145 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article is a report of the investigation of the influence of monomer composition within optimum limits on the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers obtained by the mass-suspension method. The high and nearly constant light-transmitting properties of the MS copolymer matrix have no effect on the light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content up to about 20 mol % higher than that at the azeotropic point. The refractive index of the MS copolymers decreases uniformly as the mole ratio of MMA increases and becomes equal to the index of the SBR. Particle concentration in sizes up to 0.6μm increases as the MMA content increases to a given point at which the concentration remains constant as MMA continues to increase. The light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content of 57 mol % are improved significantly. This fact is explained by a decrease in variation on the refractive index between the two phases to 0.0014 and by the increasing percentage of particles with sizes smaller than 0.6 μm up to 70%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210114
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    Reduction of aldehydes and ketones by sodium dithionite using viologens as electron transfer catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 175-181 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was found that aromatic aldehydes and ketones could be reduced smoothly at room temperature by sodium dithionite using viologen derivatives as an electron transfer catalyst to obtain the corresponding alcohols in good yields. Viologens (methyl viologen and polymer) acted catalytically and active species in the reduction were quinoid forms which were obtained by two-electron reduction of viologens.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210118
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    Electrochemical electron-transfer process of polymers containing N-methylphenothiazine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 953-960 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a fundamental study of the electrochemical behavior of electroactive polymers a series of poly(3-vinyl-10-methylphenothiazine) (polyMPT), copolymers of 3-vinyl-10-methylphenothiazine and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (copolyMPT), and 3-ethyl-10-methylphenothiazine (EMPT) (a related monomer model) were prepared. The methylphenothiazine groups in these compounds showed reversible, one-electron oxidation waves in the triangular-were voltammograms. From a detailed comparison of the voltammograms between these polymers and EMPT it was revealed that the electroactive groups in poly MPT were not the “noninteracting” centers in the strict sense, whereas those in copolyMPT, in which the centers are spaced with the MMA segments, were typically noninteracting in nature; that is, in polyMPT the oxidation takes place at the potential 40 m V lower than that of EMPT and copolyMPT exhibited a wave identical to that of EMPT in shape and potential. The exhaustive electron transfer occurred from polyMPT to the electrode. On the other hand, a significant number of centers remained unoxidized in copolyMPT. The self-exchange electron transfer within the polymer coil facilitates the exhaustive oxidation. For this event the proximity of the centers was an essential factor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Photoconductivity and hole transport in polymers of aromatic amine-containing methacrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 969-983 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substantial hole transport can be achieved in organic polymers simply by incorporating aromatic amine groups into the monomer. Hole mobilities similar to or greater than those in poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) were measured in a series of high molecular weight arylamine-substituted polymethacrylates. The hole transport in these polymers is electric-field-dependent as in PVK, varying between E and E2 within a range of 4 × 104 - ∼9 × 105 V/cm. The polymers also exhibit carrier generation in ultraviolet (UV) light in the range of absorption. Synthesis of the monomers, their polymerization, and the general properties of these polymers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210406
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    Heat-resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1025-1032 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermally stable poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers were prepared with metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4‴ -phthalocyanine tetraamines, 4,4′ -diamino diphenyl ether, and 3,3′,4,4′ -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Variables such as molar concentrations of the reagents, solvents, and temperature were investigated to optimize the conditions of the polymerization. Inherent viscosity, and infrared (IR) spectral and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were done to characterize the polymers. These polymers are stable and thier decomposition temperatures both in air and nitrogen are greater than 500°C. Their char yields at 800°C in nitrogen varied between 60 and 76%, depending on the type and concentrations of the metal phthalocyanine tetraamines. These polymers can be used to produce heat-stable films, fibers, varnishes, and adhesives.
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    Anionic polymerization of lactones initiated by alkali graphitides. I. Polymerization of ∊-caprolactone initiated by KC24 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 923-936 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of the reaction conditions (time, temperature, concentrations of the monomer, and the initiator) on the amount and composition of the oligomers and high molecular products formed during the heterogeneous anionic polymerization of ∊-caprolactone was investigated. The polymerization was initiated by KC24 in xylene or tetrahydrofuran. Conditions were found under which intra- and intermolecular transesterification was strongly suppressed, thus providing the opportunity for the formation of polyesters with viscometric molecular masses of more than 300,000 and good yields (80% and higher). The total quantity of products with a viscometric molecular mass below 2500 did not exceed 15%; that of the cyclic dimer was not in excess of 5%. Peculiar features of the KC24 initiated polymerization are the insignificant rise in the number of oligomers and the formation of high polymers even in strongly diluted solutions of ∊-caprolactone (0.2 mol/L and lower). The quantity and molecular mass of the polymers obtained decreased as the temperature increased. It was also established that the polymerization of the cyclic dimer of ∊-caprolactone is not initiated by KC24.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    Polyaromatic ether-sulfone-ketones with fluorosubstituted p-cyclophane units as crosslinking sites (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1151-1157 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyaromatic either-sulfone-ketones containing fluoro-substituted p-cyclophane units were prepared from isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, diphenyl ether, diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone, and a small amount of 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro-[2,2]-p-cyclophane (type A) or pseudo-p-1,12,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro-[2,2]-p-cyclophane bis-acid chloride (type B) by Friedel-Crafts-type polymerization. The p-cyclophane units were incorporated as crosslinking sites. Crosslinking was achieved by curing polymers at 300-350°C for several days. The polymers obtained, containing 1-10 wt % fluoro-substituted p-cyclophane units, were moderately soluble in dichloromethane, DMF, and sulfuric acid with inherent viscosities between 0.4 and 0.6. Laminates on glass fiber were made with excellent thermal stability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210421
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    Synthesis of crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) with various functional groups (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1289-1303 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The esterification of the carboxyl group in copoly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid) was carried out using N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodimide to yield the activated site for the coupling reaction with amino compounds. The α-helix stability of the reactive copolymer thus obtained is remarkably affected in the presence of succinimide ring. This copolymer was proved to react nearly completely with amino alcohols such as 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol, and diethanolamine. The copoly(N5-hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine) thus prepared is insoluble in water, since the benzyl ester remains in this copolymer. The copoly(α-amino acids) having another functional group were also prepared using aminoalkylsilane. Crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) were prepared by the reaction of the reactive copolymer with a low-molecular-weight polymer of PBLG having one amino group on each end of its main chain which was obtained from the corresponding NCA using p-diaminobenzene as an initiator. Another crosslinked polymer was prepared using an alkyl diamine such as 1,6-diaminohexane or 1,12-diaminododecane as a crosslinking reagent. The crosslinked copoly(α-amino acids) bearing the activated site are able to further react with various compounds having amino groups.
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    Backbone-assisted reactions of polymers. V. Kinetics of isomerization of poly(chloromethylthiirane) and poly(3-chlorothietane) in solution (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1417-1422 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reversible isomerization of poly(chloromethylthiirane) and poly(3-chlorothietane) represents a new kind of polymer reaction and a new method of copolymer synthesis. In chloroform, in dichloromethane, or in nitrobenzene the reaction is well described by reversible first-order kinetics. A rate increase of ca. 40% on changing the solvent from chloroform to nitrobenzene is consistent with an isomerization mechanism that involves a rate-determining attack of the backbone sulfur atom on the neighboring carbon-chlorine bond and rapid ring-opening of the thiiranium ion intermediate by chloride ion.
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    Polymerization of allyl esters of unsaturated acids. X. cyclopolymerization of methallyl methacrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 609-613 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210228
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    Statistical approaches to the copolymerization equation and the steady-state assumption (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 633-634 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210232
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    The structure of plasma-polymerized toluene: A solid-state 13C-NMR study of isotopically labeled polymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1819-1829 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed magic angle spinning 13C-NMR investigation of the intractable polymer prepared by plasma polymerization of toluene and isotopically labeled toluene led to a proposed model for the structure of the polymer and suggested some of the likely processes that occur in the gas phase leading to film formation. From the 13C spectra four resolved resonances permitted the determination of the contribution of nonprotonated and protonated unsaturated as well as methyl and other aliphatic carbons to the polymer structure. Specific 13C isotopic labeling of the methyl and phenyl C-1 toluene carbons in the injected liquid vapor allowed the destination of these carbons in the deposited polymer to be traced. The dominant structure is derived primarily from two precursors: benzyl radical and toluene itself. The 13C data further requires a net saturation of ca. 30% of the toluene double bonds and a net displacement of hydrogen by carbon on ca. 20% of the toluene ring carbons.
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    Metal chelates in vinyl polymerization: Kinetics and mechanism of acrylonitrile polymerization initiated by Cu(II) imine complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 803-810 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by Cu(II) 4-anilino 2-one [Cu(II) ANIPO] Cu(II), 4-p-toluedeno 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) TPO], and Cu(II) 4-p-nitroanilino 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) NAPO] was studied in benzene at 50 and 60°C and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol (MeOH) at 60°C. Although the polymerization proceeded in a heterogeneous phase, it followed the kinetics of a homogeneous process. The monomer exponents were ≥2 at two different temperatures and in different solvents. The square-root dependence of Rp on initiator concentration and higher monomer exponents accounted for a 1:2 complex formation between the chelate and monomer. The complex formation was shown by ultraviolet (UV) study. The activation energies, kinetics, and chain transfer constants were also evaluated.
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    Long-lived polymer radicals. III.For Part II see ref. 3. Synthesis of block copolymer by the reaction of living poly(N-methylacrylamide) radical with some vinyl monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 819-828 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Methylacrylamide (NMAAm) was polymerized quantitatively by using di-tert-butyl peroxide as photosensitizer to be, for the most part, incorporated in living poly(NMAAm) radical. The living polymer radical reacted effectively with acrylate monomers to yield block copolymer. Longer alkyl chain of the acrylate monomer caused a decrease in the conversion of the second monomer. Methacrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate, showed relatively low reactivities in comparison with acrylates. Styrene exhibited a much lower conversion. The resulting block copolymers showed different thermochromic behaviors in methyl benzoate from that of poly(NMAAm). This is explained on the basis of the difference between refractive indexes of the block copolymers and poly(NMAAm).
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    Properties of polyimide films doped with copper complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 865-881 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyimide films based on either 3, 3′, 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-oxydianiline have been doped with copper(I) and copper(II) complexes. High-quality, flexible, glass-cast films have been obtained which exhibit increased softening temperatures and lower polymer decomposition temperatures. The atmosphere and glass sides of the films are quite different. The copper(I) dopant is oxidized on the air side of the film, while the glass side contains predominantly copper (I). In the copper(II) case most of the copper appears on the air side as a silvery substance in the Cu(II) state. Chemical as well as ion etching can remove this material. Electrical resistivity of the copper(II)-doped films is decreased by three to five orders of magnitude relative to the polymer alone.
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    Phenylated polyimides via bifunctional monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 883-890 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of two phenylated bifunctional monomers, dimethyl 4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthalate and dimethyl 4-(4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthlate, was accomplished. Polymerization in solution or by a bulk polymerization procedure yielded a series of low molecular weight phenylated polyimides. The polymers were soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and exhibited thermal stabilities comparable to other polyimide systems.
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    Anionic polymerization of lactones initiated by alkali graphitides. II. Changes in the KC24 structure during polymerization of lactones (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 937-941 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structural changes in the potassium graphitide KC24 in its interaction with ∊-caprolactone, γ-butyrolactone and pivalolactone are examined by profilometric measurement and electron scanning microscopy. The interaction of KC24 with a nonpolymerizable lactone-γ-butyrolactone proceeds without delamination of the graphitide. The polymerization of ∊-caprolactone and pivalactone in the interlayer spaces of KC24 leads to destruction of the initiators structure. An increase in the temperature and monomer concentration enhances the delamination of the graphitide.
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    Preparation of polymer colloids by chemical reactions in aerosols. I. Poly(p-tertiarybutylstyrene)Supported by NSF Grant CHE-80 13684 and the Monsanto Company. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 961-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure was developed by which polymer colloids can be prepared by polymerizing aerosol droplets of monomers with an initiator in the vapor state. This work describes the formation of poly(p-tertiarybutylstyrene) particles by exposing the corresponding monomer droplets to trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. It was found that the monomer-to-initiator mass ratio is the critical factor in determining the uniformity and morphology of the particles. Under ideal conditions spheres of narrow size distribution are obtained. Otherwise porous particles or soft particles with whiskers may develop. The aerosol was prepared in a falling film generator, but other procedures for producing monomer droplets may be used.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210405
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    Processable heat-resistant polymers. XI. Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated polyamideimidesAuthor proofs received February 2, 1983 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 999-1012 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polycondensation of the diacid chloride of 2-(3-carboxy vinyl)phenyl-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid with m-phenylenediamine and the diacid chloride of 2-(4-carboxy phenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid with 1,5-bis(3-aminophenyl)1,4-pentadien-3-one was carried out in polar solvents to produce new unsaturated polyamide-imides. The solution and the thermal, electrical, and a few other properties of the polymers were studies. The polymers were soluble in highly polar solvents. The solubility parameter of the polymers was calculated from the Small's group contribution. The polymers were fairly thermostable and underwent crosslinking creaction when heated, preferably in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The crosslinked polymers were in soluble even in highly polar solvents and possessed higher thermal stability. The swelling behavior of the polymers was studied and the molecular weight between two consecutive crosslinks was determined. X-ray diffraction and the dielectric properties of the polymers and their crosslinked products were also studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210408
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    Friedel-crafts crosslinking methods for polystyrene modification. IV. Macromolecular structure of crosslinked particles (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1013-1024 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinked polystyrene particles were prepared by Friedel-Crafts suspension crosslinking of polystyrene using 2,4-dichloromethyl-2,5-dimethyl benzene as crosslinking agent. The polymer was dissolved in nitrobenzene and reaction occurred in a 70 wt % aqueous solution of ZnCl2 with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a suspending agent. The spherical particles produced were swollen in toluene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran to determine their equilbrium polystyrene volume fraction. Analysis of the crosslinked macromolecular structure gave values of number-average molecular weight between crosslinks of M̄c = 900-5900 increasing as the nominal crosslinking ratio X decreased from 0.75 to 0.0625 mol of crosslinking agent per mole of polystyrene repeating unit. Porosimetric analysis contributed to the understanding of the importance of the pore structure for swelling behavior.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    A kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement in olefin copolymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalystsPresented at the Macromolecular Symposium of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, July 12-16, 1982, Amherst, Massachusetts. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1065-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement for binary copolymerization of gaseous monomers4 that does not require the measurement of copolymer composition and can be applied to the data obtained in a single copolymerization run was modified and applied to olefin copolymerization with heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Estimated r1 and r2 values for pairs like ethylene-propylene and propylene-1-butene agree favorably with published data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Redox-initiated cationic polymerization: The diaryliodonium salt/benzoin redox couple (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1097-1110 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new redox couple based on the copper-catalyzed reduction of diaryliodonium salts with benzoins has been used to initiate cationic polymerizations of cyclic ethers and esters. A proposed mechanism for initiation by this redox couple is based on its stoichiometry and on the nature of the products. It was concluded that initiation of polymerization occurs both by direct arylation of the monomer and by protonation by strong Brønsted acids. The polymerization of several typical cationically polymerizable monomers using this new redox initiator were studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    A regenerable immobilized NADH model. Reduction of α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenone by 1, 4-dihydronicotinamide anchored to macroreticular polystyrene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1125-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A regenerable dihydronicotinamide immobilized on a macroreticular polystyrene carrier was developed and used in an aqueous medium for the reduction of trifluoroacetophenone to the corresponding alcohol. It was shown that the second-order rate constant for the polymer-bound reagent is significantly lower than that of the low-molecular-weight analog 1-benzyldihydronicotinamide. The observed reaction rate, however, was of the same order of magnitude as that due to enrichment of substrate in the polymeric pores. It was possible to depress the undesired side reactions to 10-15% per reaction cycle, thereby allowing reutilization of the functionalized polymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Ultra-fast polymerization of epoxy-acrylate resins by pulsed laser irradiation (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2451-2461 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 337.1-nm emission of a pulsed nitrogen laser was shown to initiate the crosslinking polymerization of epoxy-acrylate photoresists effectively. We evaluated the extent of curing from the amount of insoluble polymer formed and by the decrease in infrared (IR) absorption of the reactive double bond at 810 cm-1. With the large power density available in the laser pulse (0.5 MW cm-2) rates of polymerization as high as 108 mol L-1 s-1 were observed in the presence of air. Quantum yield measurements indicated that each photon absorbed can create as many as 450 crosslinks; the kinetic chain length was calculated as ca. 4000 double bonds polymerized per initiating radical. During the induction period due to oxygen inhibition each photoinitiator radical consumed 1 O2 molecule. The influence of the monomer and photoinitiator used on the sensitivity of the resin was examined; the best performing formulation contained the epoxy-acrylate oligomer, pentaerythritol triacrylate, as monomer and 2,2 dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone as photoiniatior. All the formulations studied can be cured by a single 500-kW laser pulse of 8 ns duration, provided that the irradiation is carried out in an inert atmosphere or with a focused laser beam.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Gamma radiation-initiated polymerization of styrene at high pressure. III. Emulsion polymerization with anionic emulsifiers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2491-2501 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Values calculated for the activation volume for chain propagation, ΔV
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Synthesis and thermal analysis of some oligomeric silicon derivatives of ferroceneAuthor proofs received June 6, 1983 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2529-2534 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article reports a study of the catalytic addition reaction of ferrocene containing dihydrosilane to diacetylenic silicon derivatives. A hypothetical structure based on reaction kinetics and spectral data is presented. The oligomers obtained were studied by TG and DTA from ambient temperature to 1000°C in oxygen atmosphere (80 mL/min). The existance of phenyl groups in the structure of the oligomers makes them less stable than those with derivatives.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210833
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    The investigation of chemically crosslinked polypropylene by spin-lattice relaxation time (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1195-1201 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our previous NMR investigations of chemically crosslinked polypropylene (PP) were focused mainly on testing the relation between NMR relaxation times as a function of crosslinking compound concentrations and the influence of structural factors found by this method on mechanical and other properties of this polymer.1,2 In these investigations, however, we did not consider the state of mobility of any part of the polypropylene chain under the influence of the network; therefore in this article we have attempted a clarification of this problem.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Effect of additives on photocrosslinking of poly(2, 3-epithiopropyl methacrylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1233-1237 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210431
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    Synthesis of benzylidene-pendant polyphthalimidines from flexible bisphthalides and various diamines (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1241-1249 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New polyphthalimidine-forming monomers, 5,5′-(oxydi-p-phenylenedicarbonyl)bis(3-benzylidenephthalide) and the 6,6′-derivative, were synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of diphenyl ether with 5- and 6-chloroformyl-3-benzylidenephthalide, respectively. The direct polycondensation of these bisphthalides with both aliphatic and aromatic diamines in o-phenylphenol at 200-250°C afforded polyphthalimidines having inherent viscosities of 0.2-1.2 dL/g in almost quantitative yields. Syntheses of aliphatic polyphthalimidines with higher inherent viscosities were also achieved by a two-step procedure involving ring-opening polyaddition and subsequent thermal cyclodehydration. All the polymers were amorphous and readily soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), m-cresol, nitrobenzene, pyridine, and chloroform. Tough and flexible films could be cast from NMP solutions of the polymers. Glass transition temperatures of the polyphthalimidines were in the range of 158-246°C. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic polymers showed 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at 445-515 and 500-520°C, respectively. The crosslinking reaction of some benzylidenependant polyphthalimidines took place at 300°C through double-bond addition to afford cured polymers with improved thermal stability.
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    Synthesis and properties of polythienylenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2617-2628 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Although polymerization of 2,5-dibromothiophene via coupling of the Grignard reagent with organonickel salts was reported in two earlier communications, a detailed examination of reaction variables was not done. This report provides results from variation in the following: time, amount of magnesium, amount of iodine, dilution, and variation in the halide of the monomer. The highest yield was obtained for reactions with 1:1 molar ratio of monomer to magnesium in more concentrated solutions of tetrahydrofuran for a reaction time of 4 h. For variation in the halogen of the monomer the following yield sequence was obtained: I 〉 Br 〉 Cl. The results are compared with the corresponding benzenoid system investigated by Yamamoto. In addition, polymerization studies were carried out with other brominated thiophene monomers. Use of an organic promoter (cis-1,4-dichloro-2-butene) in place of a nickel salt proved successful in the generation of poly(2,5-thienylene).
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    Photopolymerization reactions initiated by copper (II)-amino acid chelates: Investigation of the initiating species by flash photolysis. I (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1371-1384 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flash photolysis of copper (II)-bis(amino acid) complexes (amino acids: glutamic acid, serine, or valine) in deaerated aqueous solution produces transient species having absorption maxima at around 350 nm. The transient species are identified as copper (II)-alkyl complexes. In the case of Cu(valine)2 at pH 〉 6.5 formation of Cu(II)-alkyl complex is not observed; this is interpreted to be due to the presence of two bulky methyl groups of the coordinated valine ligand, which hinders the rearrangement. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the decay of the transients are determined at different pH with varying concentration of amino acid ligand. The free-radical species of the complexes responsible for the initiation of the vinyl polymerization reactions are identified as Cu(I)-coordinated amino acid radicals which are formed in the primary photochemical reaction of the complex. A mechanism for the secondary reactions involving the initiating species consistent with the nature of the product formed and the pH dependence of the decay of the transients is proposed.
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    Radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1401-1416 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of studying the radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (MC), a new type of oligomer, are presented. These oligomers are notable for their high rates of radiation curing. The radiation yield G(-M) is 2 × 105 for MC and 2 × 104 for triethylene glycol dimethyacrylate. The polymerization rate of MC appeared to be proportional, independent of the conversion degree, to the irradiation dose rate in the power of 0.9-1.0 (for dose rates ranging from 0.4 to 15 rad/s). In regard to the temperature dependence of the polymerization rate of MC for small conversion degrees, two temperature regions with different values of effective activation energy (18-20 kcal/mol and 2 kcal/mol, respectively) were observed. When an irradiated MC sample is being unfrozen, its polymerization occus in the region of devitrification (220-240°K). As distinct from mass polymerization, in the polymerization of MC solutions in acetone and benzol the mobility of growing chains increases so that the bimolecular termination becomes possible and the limiting conversion of double bonds is derived. Rather small irradiation doses necessary for curing MC and the proportionality of the radiation-induced polymerization rate to the dose rate make these oligomers valuable for various industrial applications.
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    Determination of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals in solution polymerization using labeled initiators (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1445-1455 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The amount of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals has been measured by recovering the recombination products of simultaneous decomposition of an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator. The occurrence of recombination products generated from both an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator fragment, which can be monitored in a mass spectrometer, indicate out-of-cage recombination. It turned out that in the course of decomposition of dibenzoylperoxide in benzene, biphenyl was not produced by direct recombination of the phenyl radicals originally generated, but rather by interaction with benzene. Upon decomposing azoisobutyronitrile in various solvents, however, both in-cage recombination and out-of-cage recombination were observed. When small amounts of styrene were added to such systems, the initiator radicals tended rather to react with styrene than to undergo out-of-cage recombination.
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    Photoconductivity and hole transport in polymers of aromatic amine-containing methacrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3033-3033 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211018
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    Properties of polyphenylene films deposited electrochemically in an HF-benzene system (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3035-3040 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Free-standing polyphenylene films, prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of benzene in an HF-benzene, two-phase system, were investigated. From electron microscope pictures, x-ray diffraction patterns, and infrared (IR) spectra of polyphenylene films and commercial polyphenylene powder it is concluded that the films, which are largely para linked, contain in addition a substantial amount of meta and possibly ortho linkages and are amorphous in nature. Doping with AsF5 increases the electrical conductivity of the otherwise insulating films to 10-4-10-2ohm-1cm-1; doped films are relatively stable in air. The lower conductivity of doped films with respect to reported values for chemically synthesized poly-p-phenylene appears to be the result of the amorphous nature of the films.
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    Synthesis of casein-G-poly(vinyl acetate). II (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3041-3053 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl acetate) was graft-copolymerized onto casein in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate-ascorbic acid. The effect of synthetic variables on the rates of conversion of monomer (Rp), graft copolymerization (Rg), and homopolymerization (Rh), percent grafting, and grafting efficiency were investigated and the results, compared with the system initiated by peroxydisulfate alone.
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    Solid-state polymerization studies of conjugated diacetylenes deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol and derivatives (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3073-3082 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title diacetylenic compound (D3) and its derivatives dibenzoate (D3B), dinitrobenzoate (D3mNB), ditosylate (D3PTS), and diurethane (D3PU) were synthesized and their solid-state reactivity examined under irradiation and thermal stimulation. D3, D3B, and D3PTS crystallized in reactive phases. The thermal and irradiation polymerization behavior of D3 and D3B was examined further by time-conversion curves.
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    Diaminobipyridine-TDI polyureas: Synthesis, metal complexes, and catalytic activity (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3115-3127 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article we report the synthesis of a polyurea containing the chelating ligand bipyridine and concentrate on some of the catalytic properties of its palladium complexes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211109
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    Thermoswitching property in TCNQ salts of ionenes containing poly(ethylene oxide) segments (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3145-3153 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionene polymers characterized by the alternating structure of ionene and crystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments were prepared as a function of PEO segment size. A microstructure of these ionenes and their 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) salts were investigated with x-ray diffraction patterns, thermal scanning behavior, and polarizing micrographs. On the basis of this microstructure, the change in resistivity with temperature was studied. In Arrhenius' plots of the resistivity the simple salts in which the spherulites consisting of the PEO segments were observed showed a sharp decrease in resistivity with a rise in temperature [critical temperature resistor (CTR)] at about the melting point of the PEO segments, whereas the other simple salts in which the spherulites were not observed showed linear temperature dependence. The switching properties were confirmed similarly in repetitive heating/cooling cycles. This CTR characteristic was attributed to an increase in continuity in the conduction paths by melting spherulites. The apparent switching properties were not observed in the complex salts.
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    Reactive oligomers. I. Preparation and polymerization of ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3191-3199 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (EGBMF) was prepared as a new type of divinyl compound and reactive oligomer: a needle crystal, m.p. 104.5°C. Homopolymerization of EGBMF was carried out in dioxane with 0.1 mol/L AIBN at [M] = 1 mol/L and 60°C; the rate of polymerization was estimated to be 4.44 × 10-6 mol/L s in a good agreement with diethyl fumarate (DEF). The cyclization constant Kc was obtained as 1.64 mol/L, being rather low compared with diallyl oxalate which is 1,9-diene having two ester groups analogous to EGBMF. Gelatin occurred at about 35% conversion. Finally, the copolymerization of EGBMF (M1) with diallyl phthalate (DAP) (M2) is tentatively explored with the intention of the improvement of allyl resins in mechanical properties; remarkable rate enhancement was observed for copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were estimated to be r1 = 0.96 and r2 = 0.025, the r1 value being reduced compared with the DEF-DAP copolymerization system. These results are discussed from the standpoint of steric effect on the polymerization of fumarate as an internal olefin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211115
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    Preparation of polyaryl esters by a new direct polycondensation reaction with arylsulfonyl chlorides in pyridine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3233-3239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arylsulfonyl chlorides were successfully used as a new condensing agent for the synthesis of polyaryl esters by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols. High-molecular-weight polymers (Mw = 84,000) were prepared by reacting dicarboxylic acids with the sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine in the presence of LiCI, followed by treating with a pyridine solution of bisphenols. The polycondensation was significantly affected by factors, such as, the kind of arylsulfonyl chlorides, its amount, the conditions of initial reaction of the acids with the sulfonyl chlorides, the amounts of LiCI added, and dropwise addition of bisphenols.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211119
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  • 186
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    Direct polycondensation reaction with triphenyl phosphite initiated by tertiary amine hydrochlorides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3337-3340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211130
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  • 187
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    Effect of sulfur on the electrical conductivity of FEF-loaded SBR during swelling (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3353-3360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following a series of experiments on the effect of different factors of the electrical conductivity of carbon-black-loaded styrene butadiene rubber, an attempt was made to study the effect on electrical conduction of changing the sulfur content. It was found that an optimum sulfur content leads to a swelling-resistant composite with good electrical insulation. This was done for dry as well as wet specimens of rubber.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211201
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  • 188
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    Effect of Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes in the polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by charge transfer mechanism (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3381-3388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The initiation of polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by a charge transfer complex formed between n-butylamine(nBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 30°C is slow. The effect of the dimethylsulfoxide complexes of Rh(III) and Ru(II) on the polymerization of MMA and MA in the presence of nBA, and CCl4 in DMSO has been studied. The rate of polymerization and percent conversion of the MMA and MA at 30°C are evaluated at the critical concentration of the metal complexes. At the critical range of the metal complex concentrations, both Rp, and percent conversion of MMA and MA were found to be highest. However, above and below the critical concentrations, Rp and percent conversion of the monomers were found to decrease. A suitable mechanism for the polymerization has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211204
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  • 189
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    Syntheses and polymerizations of some vinyl monomers containing nitro- or fluorophthalimides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3403-3424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Nitro-N-vinylphthalimide (4) was synthesized by two different procedures. Compound 4 was not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN. Poly(N-vinylphthalimide) (17) was prepared and partially nitrated at 10-25°C. N,N′-(1,2-Ethanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (15) and N,N′-(1,3-propanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (16) were prepared by the condensation of the corresponding diamine with phthalic anhydride followed by nitration of the condensation products. 4-Nitrophthalic anhydride was prepared by the hydrolysis of 15. Four styrene-substituted phthalimide monomers were synthesized. These include N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide (25a), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-fluorophthalimide (25b), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-nitrophthalimide (25c), and N-(4-vinylphenyl)-4-nitrophthalimide (25d). Monomers 25a and 25b were polymerized by freeradical initiator (AIBN), whereas monomers 25c and 25d were not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN due to a strong inhibitive effect exerted by the nitrophthalimide group. Monomers 25c and 25d were cationically polymerized (BF3·OEt2). Monomer 25b and styrene were copolymerized and their reactivity ratios were r1 = 1.7 and r2 = 0.55, respectively. The prepared polymers are useful as backbone polymers for grafting living anionic polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211206
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  • 190
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    Electron-proton and electron-methyl exchanges in pyrolysis of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3453-3477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolysis of polyacetylene is marked by high yields of proton-enriched products methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, polypylene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, and toluene in total amounts exceeding benzene. The activation energies for their formation are low. Polyacetylene doped with AsF5 and iodine produced these products in even higher yields of two to 17 times of undoped polymers. The dominant mechanism is thought to be random-chain scission followed by electron-proton exchange reactions. Polymethylacetylene is thermally less stable than polyacetylene. Pyrolysis gave mesitylene as the expected main product. However, as in the case of polyacetylene, large amounts of proton-enriched products were formed with moderate activation energies. (The yields of methane, propylene, and propane are nearly the same in the pyrolysis of polymethylacetylene as compared to that of polyacetylene at 923°K referenced to mesitylene and benzene, respectively.) By analogy, mechanisms involving both electron-proton and electron-methyl exchange reactions were proposed to account for the formation of all the pyrolyzates of polymethylacetylene. These reactions, not observed in the pyrolysis of polypropylene and polyisoprene, are attributable to the conjugated backbone permitting facile migrations of electrons, protons, and methyl groups.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211209
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  • 191
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    Head-to-head vinyl polymers. XI. Preparation and characterization of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) consisting of head-to-head and head-to-tail units through cyclopolymerization of acrylic and methacrylic anhydrides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3503-3515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylic anhydride (AAn) and methacrylic anhydride (MAAn) were polymerized with radical initiator in polar solvents at high temperatures. The polymers obtained were found to consist of five-and six-membered ring structures by comparing IR spectra of the polymers with those of model compounds, succinic anhydride, and glutaric anhydride. Hydrolysis and methylation of the polymers gave new polymers composed of head-to-head (HH) and head-to-tail (HT) methyl acrylate (MA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) units. The content of HH unit of these HH/HT polymers was determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The softening, glass transition, and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MA) with HH and HT units were found to somewhat increase with increasing of the content of the HH units. On the other hand, the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MMA) with HH and HT units increased similarly, but the softening temperature decreased as the content of the HH units increased.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211212
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  • 192
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    The synthesis of poly(styrene-co-sodium styrene-p-carboxylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3563-3571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes a technique for the homogeneous lithiation and subsequent carboxylation of high-molecular-weight polystyrenes containing up to 14 mol % p-bromostyrene. Thus, poly(styrene-co-p-bromostyrene)s were reacted in dilute tetrahydrofuran solution with large stoichiometric excesses of n-butyllithium with no precipitation of ionomer and subsequently carboxylated with anhydrous carbon dioxide or dry ice. By this technique polystyrenes in which up to 100% of the original bromine groups had been replaced by carboxyl functionalities were obtained.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211217
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  • 193
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    Photoresponsive crown ethers. 10. Metal complexation by light-switched crown ethers immobilized in polymer matricesPreliminary communication: S. Shinkai, H. Kinda, and O. Manabe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 2933 (1982). (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3525-3539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crosslinked polystyrene beads which immobilized two terminal azophenoxide groups of an azobenzene-crown(24-crown-8)-azobenzene unit were synthesized. The polymer beads adsorbed Cs+ in the dark while they rapidly released Cs+ into the solution under UV-light irradiation, and the photoresponsive complexation occurred reversibly. On the other hand, the crosslinked polystyrene beads which immobilized one terminal azophenoxide group of an azobenzene-crown (24-crown-8) unit scarcely (or only to a smaller extent) exhibited such a photoresponsive behavior. Similarly, the polymer beads which immobilized two terminal azophenoxide groups of an azobenzene-crown (18-crown-6) azobenzene unit reversibly adsorbed and desorbed K+ in response to UV-light irradiation. The novel photoresponsive behavior is ascribed to a conformational distortion of the crown rings which induced by the photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, although the photoinduced polarity change of the polymer beads is not completely ruled out. The results suggest that the polymer support is useful as a “fixed point” to enforce the conformational changes of immobilized functional molecules.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211214
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  • 194
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    Synthesis of polymers containing pyridinium ylide and iminopyridinium ylide structure (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3597-3600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211220
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  • 195
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers). XXX. Synthesis and quantitative terminal functionalization of α,ω-diarylpolyisobutylenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3573-3590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel aromatic-telechelic polyisobutylenes were prepared and characterized: α,ω-diphenylpolyisobutylene, α-phenyl-ω-tolylpolyisobutylene, and α,ωditolylpolyisobutylene. The syntheses involved the preparation of asymmetric telechelic prepolymers (α-phenyl-ω-tert-chloropolyisobutylene and α-tolyl-ω-tert-chloropolyisobutylene) by the minifer method and quantitative alkylation of benzene and toluene by the prepolymer. The terminal aromatic rings of these telechelic polyisobutylenes were quantitatively nitrated, acetylated, and chlorosulfonated and a series of further novel telechelic products was obtained. Characterization of these derivatives provided additional proof for the telechelic structure of the starting prepolymers. The quantitative reduction of nitroaryl-telechelic polyisobutylene by SnCl2/HCl led to aminoaryl-telechelic polyisobutylene which was used to cure bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether. These new flexible epoxy networks exhibited outstanding heat and hydrolytic stability combined with satisfactory mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211218
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  • 196
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    Preparation and polymerization of thyroxine methacrylate monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1997-2001 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thyroxine methyl ester amides of mono-, di-, and tri-glycyl methacrylates have been prepared. Water-soluble polymers formed from thyroxine methacrylate monomers by free-radical copolymerization with acrylamide had molecular weights of (2-4) × 104 (by viscometry). A fluorescent polymer was prepared by copolymerization with a fluorescein methacrylate monomer. Similarly, a polymeric thyroxine material was prepared with amine functionality by copolymerization with N-3-aminopropylmethacrylamide. These polymers may have interesting biological and immunochemical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210710
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  • 197
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    Degradation of PVCs obtained by controlled chemical dehydrochlorination (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2177-2188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)s (PVCs) containing increased concentrations of allylic chlorines, PVC(A)s, prepared by controlled chemical dehydrochlorination with potassium-t-butoxide (t-BuOK) have been studied. The introduction of small amounts of internal allylic chlorines into PVC significantly decreases the thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the resin. A linear relationship exists between the initial rates (VHCl)0 of thermal and thermooxidative dehydrochlorination of solid PVC(A)s and the concentration S of internal allylic chlorines. Both the slope and the intercept of the thermo-oxidative (VHCl)0 vs. S plot are higher in oxygen than those obtained in nitrogen at the same temperature; this finding is attributed to fast oxidation of polyenes, and to peroxy radicals formed during polyene oxidation, which initiate subsequent HCl loss by attacking normal repeat units in PVC. The extent of HCl loss as a function of time during thermal degradation of PVC(A)s in intert solvent shows a rapid initial phase followed by a slower stationary phase. The first phase is due to dehydrochlorination involving the labile chlorines, while the stationary phase indicates random initiation of HCl loss at normal—CH2—CHCl— repeat units. Initial rates of HCl loss increase with S, while the rates of HCl loss during the stationary phase are independent of S. The rate constant of initiation of HCl loss at internal allylic chlorines is almost four orders of magnitude higher than that of random initiation; however, the former is still orders of magnitude lower than that of chain propagation. Quantitative analysis of UV-visible spectra of PVC(A)s degraded in solution suggests geometric polyene distribution. The average length of polyenes decreases as the extent of HCl loss increases and reaches a constant value of ca. 3 at ca. 1% HCl loss for all the investigated PVC(A) samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210802
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  • 198
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    Preparation of polystyrene labeled with amino groups at specific sitesNCRR No. 21151. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2237-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of monodisperse polystyrene substituted with single dimethylamino groups is described. Three methods are adopted. The first involves the use of a dimethylamino-substituted initiator to give an end amino group. The second uses an ester coupling reaction with a dimethylamino-substituted methyl valeric ester to give a central amino substituent. The third method, which is capable of giving an amino substituent at any selected place along the chain, uses a dimethyl-amino-substituted butadiene derivative as a comonomer in a sequential polymerization. This latter method takes advantage of the unusual reactivity ratios of styrene and dienes in anionic copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210808
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  • 199
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    Liquid-crystalline copolyesters based on poly(p-oxybenzoate) and poly(p,p-biphenylene terephthalate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2249-2259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two copolymers composed of p-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) and biphenylene terephthalate (BPT) with PHB/BPT ratios of 1/2 and 2/1 were characterized with respect to their tendency to exhibit liquid-crystalline behavior in the melt phase. The BPT -rich copolyester, PHB/BPT = 1/2, displayed a birefringent melt phase of very high viscosity and no tendency to crystallize on cooling. The resulting fused material exhibited what apeared to be a second-order transition at 170°C. The PHB-rich composition, PHB/BPT = 2/1, also exhibited a highly birefringent melt phase of high viscosity which was quite shear sensitive. This polymer melt had little tendency to crystallize on cooling; however, on reheating no apparent second-order transition could be detected. The observed phase changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, hot-stage microscopy, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction techniques. Additional data, pertaining to the compositional nature and apparent sequence distribution, were obtained by 13C-NMR spectroscopy of the solid materials through magic-angle spinning, dipolar decoupling, and cross-polarization techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210810
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    Synthesis and characterization of polyesters derived from aromatic 1,4-dimethoxylated diacids (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2277-2281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyesters were synthesized from the dichlorides of 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalic and 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzenediacetic with dialcohols. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Their intrinsic viscosity, glass transition temperature, and thermal decomposition were determined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210813
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