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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of solution of rigid macromolecules (1980)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 1 (1980), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1980.030010311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) with various functional groups (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1289-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The esterification of the carboxyl group in copoly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid) was carried out using N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodimide to yield the activated site for the coupling reaction with amino compounds. The α-helix stability of the reactive copolymer thus obtained is remarkably affected in the presence of succinimide ring. This copolymer was proved to react nearly completely with amino alcohols such as 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol, and diethanolamine. The copoly(N5-hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine) thus prepared is insoluble in water, since the benzyl ester remains in this copolymer. The copoly(α-amino acids) having another functional group were also prepared using aminoalkylsilane. Crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) were prepared by the reaction of the reactive copolymer with a low-molecular-weight polymer of PBLG having one amino group on each end of its main chain which was obtained from the corresponding NCA using p-diaminobenzene as an initiator. Another crosslinked polymer was prepared using an alkyl diamine such as 1,6-diaminohexane or 1,12-diaminododecane as a crosslinking reagent. The crosslinked copoly(α-amino acids) bearing the activated site are able to further react with various compounds having amino groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides in the solid state. I. Polymerizability of the various α-amino acid NCAs in the solid state (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 629-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid-state polymerization of various α-amino acid NCAs was investigated and the results were compared with those obtained by heterogeneous polymerization in acetonitrile. Essential differences were found in the polymerizability of the NCAs in these two systems. In the solid state, L-leucine NCA was the most reactive among the NCAs examined, and its reactivity was even higher than in the precipitation polymerization of acetonitrile solutions. On the other hand, glycine NCA was the most inert among the NCAs examined in the solid state. The difference between the reactivities of glycine NCA and L-alanine NCA was interpreted in terms of their crystal structures. Several kinetic features of the solid-state polymerization were studied on γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180222
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas permeability of composite membranes (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4625-4637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The permeability of a composite membrane consisting of a homogeneous layer and a porous layer has been derived theoretically by assuming that the permeation through the homogeneous layer obeys Fick's law and that permeation through the porous layer is free molecular flow. The activation energy of the flow is described by three-dimensionless parameters, φ = |P12/|P2, θ = d1/d2, and σ = |P1/|P2. |P12, |P1, and |P2 are the permeability coefficients of the composite membrane, the homogeneous layer and the porous layer, respectively, d1 and d2 are the thickness of the two layers. Once these parameters are determined, information on the structure of the membrane can be obtained (i.e., the pore size and the pore density). The permeabilities of various gases through homogeneous polycarbonate membrane, neutron-irradiated, nonsodium hydroxide-etched polycarbonate membrane, and their composite membrane were tested. A two-layer series model, incorporating the effect of neutron irradiation which produces some nonpenetrating pores in the porous membrane layer, is proposed and agreed quite well with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320427
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of L-alanine/β-alanine copolymers during polymerization (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2957-2961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021781020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation of poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) formed during heterogeneous polymerization (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1861-1865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790722
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(L-lysine)/sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol)/acridine orange complex (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to clarify the arrangement of sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVS) chains about the α-helical poly(L-lysine) (PLL) chain in the previously reported complexes of PLL/46 mole-% sulfated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVS-46) and PLL/PVS-95, induced circular dichroism was studied on PLL/PVS/acridine orange (AO) complexes in acidic aqueous solution. A positive ellipticity, [θ], of ca. 3 400 deg·cm2·dmol-1 at 465 am and small negative values of [θ] at 435 and 510 nm indicated a right-handed super helical arrangement of AO molecules about the right-handed α-helix of PLL, where PVS chains were intercalated. The amount of AO molecules responsible for the induced CD was estimated as low as a few mole-%. Taking into consideration the arrangement of ε-amino groups of the right-handed α-helical PLL and the distance among the neighboring ε-amino groups on the radial projection of the helix, the PVS chain segments could be arranged both in the right-handed and in the left-handed superhelices about the right-handed α-helix of PLL. In cases of the PLL/PVS-25/AO and PLL/PVS-30/AO complexes, no induced CD and a quite weak CD were obtained, resp., being consistent with random coil conformation of PLL in the PLL/PVS-25 and PLL/PVS-30 complexes mentioned previously.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct polymerization of N-carboxy anhydride of L-glutamic acid (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2127-2137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new method of polymerization of the N-carboxy anhydride (NCA) of glutamic acid is presented by which poly(glutamic acid) is obtained directly from the NCA without protecting its carboxyl group. The principle underlying is that by adjusting the mole ratio of the initiator butylamine, [I], to the monomer, [A], butylamine can be used as protecting agent for the carboxyl group of the NCA so that the rest of butylamine acts as initiator in the heterogeneous polymerization in acetonitrile. Quantitative conversion was obtained for an [A]/[I] ratio of 1. In analogy to other heterogeneous polymerizations of NCAs in acetonitrile, this is due to the formation of the helix during polymerization, which was confirmed by IR absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. As the [A]/[I] ratio increases, the conversion, the helix content of the resultant polymer, and the amount of butylamine combined with it decrease drastically. It is suggested that “copolymerization” of the amine-protected and unprotected NCAs occurs, giving rise to a partially helical chain, whose contents of the amine-protected side chains and accordingly of the helix are the higher the smaller the [A]/[I] ratio.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820802
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformations and crystallization of poly(amino acid)s in collapsed monolayers (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2139-2149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The relationships were studied between the conformation of various poly(amino acid)s, as revealed by optical rotatory dispersion and viscosity of the solutions and polarized IR spectra of the collapsed film of their monolayers developed from the solutions, as well as the state of the aggregation of the molecules and the crystalline texture in the film, as revealed by electron microscopy. In the cases of poly(L-alanine) and poly(L-leucine), the α-helical conformation in the mixed solvent of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and chloroform, used for the development into their monolayers, was maintained in their monolayers and collapsed films, and the rigid helical molecules were aligned perpendicularly to the direction of the applied pressure. In the case of poly(S-methyl-L-cysteine), it was found that two types of β-structure coexist, i.e., a cross-β type (due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding) and an intermolecular β-structure (due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding) in the solution state, whose amounts depend on the composition of the mixed solvent and polymer concentration, reflecting in the mixed structure of lamellar and fibrous crystals in the collapsed film. The aggregation of poly(S-methyl-L-cysteine) molecules with the above two types of conformations seems to occur on the development of their solution onto the water surface. The same seems to apply to the case of poly(L-valine).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides in the solid state. II. Relation between polymerizability and molecular arrangement in L-leucine NCA and L-alanine NCA crystals (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1847-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerizability of N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides (NCAs) of L-leucine and L-alanine was examined in the solid state and in solution. L-leucine NCA shows much higher reactivity in the solid state (when immersed in hexane) than in solution (in acetonitrile), but the opposite is true for L-alanine NCA. However, the two NCAs give similar values of apparent activation energy in each polymerization system. Rather high-molecular-weight polypeptides were obtained in the polymerization of L-leucine NCA in the solid state compared with those obtained in solution, while the molecular weight of polymers obtained from L-alanine NCA was higher in solution than in the solid state. IR spectra showed that α helices form mainly in the polymerization of both L-leucine NCA and L-alanine NCA in the solid state; a small amount of the β structure forms in the latter polymerization. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed that L-leucine NCA polymerizes predominantly along the c axis in the crystal, while the polymer chains grow in random directions in the crystal of L-alanine NCA. The difference can be explained by the molecular arrangement in the crystal. There are two requirements for high reactivity in the solid state: the five-membered rings of the monomer must form a layer structure and the polymer must occupy nearly the same space as the reacting monomer.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180201008
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