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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Iterative Method for obtaining Statistical Frequency Distributions (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 1237-1237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The iterative process is seen to converge slowly at first, but more rapidly later as may be expected, since the 'equivalent' or effective sample size also increases. Prof. Heaps has assumed that the parameters of the Gaussian distribution curve must be so chosen that they should either give the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1961237a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Iterative Method for obtaining Statistical Frequency Distributions from Limited Experimental Data (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 1005-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Initially twenty determinations were made of the average number of tin cans (open at both ends) of diameter 2 j in. and height 3 in., made out of 28 gauge sheet, required to fill a cubical box of dimensions 1 x 1 x 1 ft. in a random distribution. These numbers ranged from 77 to 84 as shown in Table ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1931005b0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. I. Poly[2,2′-(4,4′,4″-,4‴-metal phthalocyanino)-5,5′-bibenzimidazoles] as new high temperature resistant polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel class of poly(metal phthalocyanino) benzimidazoles were prepared by the condensation reaction between metal (Cu, Co, and Zn), 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine. The reaction was investigated by melt and solution condensation methods. These polymers showed excellent thermal and thermooxidative stability and are noteworthy for their high char yield (86-90%) at 800°C in an anerobic atmosphere. Elemental analyses, spectra, and TGA studies were used to characterize these materials. Isothermal gravimetric analyses were carried out to determine their long-term thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. IV. Novel type of thermally stable polyimides derived from metal phthalocyanine tetramines and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2773-2780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(metal phthalocyanine)imides of copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc were synthesized by the reaction of metal phthalocyanino tetramines with benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. These polymers were characterized by elemental analyses and IR, TGA, and inherent viscosity studies. Noteworthy features of these phthalocyanine polymers are their remarkable thermal and thermooxidative stabilities with char yields at 800°C that range from 78 to 83% in a nitrogen atmosphere. The relative thermal stabilities of these polymers have been evaluated by activation energy measurements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. V. Novel type of thermally stable polyimides derived from metal phthalocyanine tetraamines and pyromellitic dianhydride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2781-2789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New poly(metal phthalocyanine) pyromellitimides of copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc were synthesized and elemental, IR, TGA, and inherent viscosity measurement studies were done to characterize these polymers. They showed exceptional thermal and thermo-oxidative stability with char yields at 800°C ranging from 75 to 87% in a nitrogen atmosphere. The ratio of the polymer decomposition temperatures in air and nitrogen (PDT) (air)/PDT (N2) varied from 0.91 to 0.97, which indicated that the onset of degradation of these polymers is greatly affected by the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere. Isothermal studies were done to evaluate the long-term thermal stability of these polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. III. Poly(nickel phthalocyanine)benzimidazole as a novel high-temperature-resistant polymer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3265-3265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. II. Synthesis and characterization of some metal phthalocyanine sheet oligomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1785-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal phthalocyanine oligomers that possess peripheral carboxylic acid groups were prepared by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride, a metal salt, urea, and a catalyst. These materials have blue to purple colors with a metallic luster and are soluble in sulfuric acid, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide. Their thermal stability is high in an anaerobic atmosphere with char yields of 80-85% at 800°C. Elemental, spectral, and titrimetric analyses and thermal studies were carried out to characterize them.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200711
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new solid-phase polymerization - metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal reactions of pure metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4′″-phthalocyanine-tetracarboxylic acids of copper, cobalt, and nickel at 350-400°C in vacuum have been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Based on these observations, novel in situ reactions for the synthesis of heat-resistant phthalocyanine “sheet” polymers are described. The poly(metal phthalocyanine) polymers of copper, cobalt, and nickel so synthesized have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. The most noteworthy property of these polymers is their extreme resistance to heat in an anaerobic atmosphere and their high char yields (89-93%) at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal(II) 4,4′,4″,4′″-phthalocyanine tetramines as curing agents for heat resistant epoxy formulations (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1505-1516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pure metal(II) 4,4′,4″,4′″-phthalocyanine tetraamines (MPTA) have been used to cure epoxy resins in a homogeneous reaction. Infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analytical studies were used to characterize these materials and to evaluate the optimum curing conditions. Considerable improvement in the heat resistance of the epoxy resin cured with MPTA over those cured with other commonly used curing agents was observed. This was expected from the highly aromatic structure of the phthalocyanines. A noteworthy feature of these cured materials is their high anaerobic char yield, 73.5-75%, higher than in any heretofore known cured epoxy systems. Preliminary mass spectral studies on the cured polymers are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel high-temperature-resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3063-3072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers with high thermal stability, based on the reaction between metal (11) 4,4′,4″,4‴-phthalocyaninetetraamine, 4-aminophenylether, and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, were prepared. Infrared (IR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and viscosity measurements were used to characterize these polymers. All polymers exhibited good thermal and thermooxidative stability at polymer decomposition temperatures (PDT) greater than 500°C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. Another attractive feature is their high char yields - 60-75% at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The ratio of the polymer decomposition temperatures in air and nitrogen atmospheres, (PDTair)/(PDTN2), varied from 0.94 to 0.98. These polymers have promising applications in heat-stable films, fibers, and coatings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211104
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