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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 3 (1980), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to ascertain the role of -SH groups in graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto Himachali wool fiber, an attempt has been made to graft copolymerize ethylacrylate (EA) onto reduced wool, in the presence of cerie sulfate (CS) as redox initiator in aqueous medium. Reduction of wool was carried out with thioglycolic acid (TGA) in aqueous solution. Percentage of grafting and percent efficiency were determined as functions of (a) Concentration of initiator (CS), (b) Concentration of monomer (EA), (c) Concentration of Sulfuric acid, (d) Time and (e) Temperature. Reduction of wool does not promote grafting of EA. The unreduced wool during ceric ion-initiated grafting of EA was reported earlier from this laboratory to produce more grafting. In ceric ion-initiated grafting of vinyl monomer onto wool, -SH groups do not play significant role. A plausible mechanism of grafting of EA onto reduced wool in the presence of ceric ion initiator has been suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool X. Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate in presence of potassium persulphate  -  ferrous ammonium sulphate (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 90 (1980), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Pfropf-Copolymerisation von Vinylacetat (VAC) und Methylacrylat (MA) auf Himachali-Wolle wurde bei 40, 45, 50 und 60°C in wäßrigem Medium mit einem KPS-FAS-System als Redoxinitiator untersucht. Eine maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei 60°C erhalten. Ein Einfluß der Art des Vinylmonomeren auf die Pfropfung wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfausbeute wurde bestimmt als Funktion (a) der Monomerkonzentration, (b) des molaren Verhältnisses von FAS : KPS, (c) der Reaktionszeit und (d) der Temperatur. Die maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei einem molaren Verhältnis von FAS : KPS = 0, 713 : 1 gefunden. Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (Rp) und Induktionszeit (Ip) wurden als Funktion der gesamten anfänglichen Monomerkonzentration bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daß MA, ein Akzeptormonomeres, mehrfach reaktiver ist als VAC, ein Donormonomeres.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAC) and methyl acrylate (MA) onto Himachali wool was studied at 40, 45, 50, and 60°C in aqueous medium by using (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator. The maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at 60°C. The nature of vinyl monomer was found to influence grafting. The percentage of grafting was determined as functions of (a) concentration of monomer, (b) molar ratio of FAS/KPS, (c) reaction time and (d) temperature. Maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at a molar ratio of FAS:KPS = 0.713 : 1. The rate of grafting (Rp) and the induction period (Ip) of VAC and MA were determined as a function of total initial monomer concentration. MA, an acceptor monomer was found to be several times more reactive than VAC, a donor monomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1980.050900108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool. VIII. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by use of Ce4+ -amine system as redox initiator (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1911-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to determine the role of a variety of amines in ceric-ion-initiated grafting, poly-(methyl methacrylate) was graft copolymerized onto Himachali wool in the presence of a variety of amines that included ammonia, diethylamine (DEA), dipropylamine (DPA), triethylamine (TEA), triethanol amine, and pyridine. All amines (with the exception of DEA) reduced the percent grafting. The reactivity of various amines toward graft copolymerization followed the order: DEA 〉 DPA 〉 NH3 〉 TEA 〉 triethanol amine 〉 Py. An explanation based on the basicity, nucleophilicity, and steric requirement of amines is given to explain the observed reactivity order shown by the various amines toward graft copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto polypropylene. I. Effect of solvents in gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization of poly(acrylonitrile) (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1749-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto isotactic polypropylene (PP) fiber has been studied by using gamma rays from a 2100 Ci 60Co source as initiator by preirradiation technique. The preirradiated PP was treated with AN and the mixture was graft copolymerized by heating to 100°C for different time periods. The percentage of grafting is determined as a function of total dose, reaction time, and monomer concentration. The effect of different solvents such as H2O, CH3OH, and dioxane upon percentage of grafting has been studied. The maximum effect was observed in water and the minimum in CH3OH. PP - g - PAN was characterized by IR spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods. A plausible mechanism of gamma radiation induced grafting of AN onto PP in the absence and in the presence of solvents has been proposed. An attempt has been made to compare the relative abilities of different solvents to influence grafting.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230615
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto cellulose. VIII. Graft copolymerization of poly(ethylacrylate) onto cellulose by use of redox initiators. Comparison of initiator reactivities (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2767-2775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to compare the relative reactivities of different redox systems in graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto cellulose, we studied grafting of ethylacrylate (EA) in aqueous medium by using the well-known redox intiator, ferrous ammonium sulfate-potassium persulfate (FAS-KPS) system, and its reactivity was compared with that of Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ -H2O2) towards grafting of EA onto cellulose. Optimum conditions for affording maximum grafting were evaluated and percent grafting is expressed as functions of different reaction variables. Evidence of grafting was obtained from IR spectroscopic measurements, SEM, and TGA studies of the grafted and ungrafted cellulose. A plausible explanation for the observed reactivity pattern shown by (FAS-KPS) and (FAS-H2O2) redox systems is offered. Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ -H2O2) was found to be several times more reactive than (FAS-KPS) redox system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto cellulose. V. Effect of complexing agents on Fenton's reagent (fe2+-H2O2) -initiated grafting of poly(ethyl acrylate) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 749-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto isotactic polypropylene. III. Gamma rays induced graft copolymerization of water soluble vinyl monomersPresented in part at the 1987 Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, held in Denver, Colorado. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1171-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of water soluble vinyl monomers such as acrylic acid and acrylamide onto isotactic polypropylene by the pre-irradiation method has been studied. Grafting was carried out in a water and water-methanol solvent system. The percentage of grafting has been determined as a function of (i), total dose (ii) concentration of monomers, (iii) reaction time, and (iv) the composition and amount of water-methanol solvent system. Water was found to be the best solvent for affording maximum grafting. The grafted samples were characterized by spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods. Acrylic acid was found to be more reactive than acrylamide towards graft copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410526
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool. XI. Graft copolymerization of poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(methyl acrylate) onto reduced wool in presence of potassium persulfate-ferrous ammonium sulfate (KPS - FAS) system as redox initiator (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3789-3796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In an attempt to ascertain the role of - SH groups of Himachali wool during graft copolymerization, poly(viny acetate) (PVAc) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) were graft copolymerized onto reduced wool by using potassium persulfate - ferrous ammonium sulfate (KPS - FAS) redox pair in aqueous medium. Reduction of wool was carried out by sodium bisulfite solution of varying concentrations for different reaction periods. Concentration of reducing agent and the extent of reduction were found to influence grafting of vinyl monomers. Maximum grafting of methyl acrylate (MA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) occurred when wool was reduced by 1% and 0.5% NaHSO3 solution, respectively, for 24 h. Increase in percent grafting of MA onto reduced wool compared to that of unreduced wool has been ascribed to the production of more - SH groups by reduction of - SS - groups of wool fiber.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261125
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of wool graft copolymers (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present article, characterization of wool grafted with acrylate monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), methylacrylate (MA), ethylacrylate (EA), and butylacrylate (BA) with respect to thermal behavior and viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) is described. The modified wool shows improved thermal behavior.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma radiation induced graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2209-2215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to modify water-soluble synthetic polymers, graft Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) onto poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, has been studied by using gamma irradiation from a Co60 source as initiator. The graft copolymerization was carried out in an aqueous medium by the mutual method in air. The effect of total dose and concentration of vinyl monomers on percentage of grafting has been determined. Water plays a significant role in the enhancement of graft copolymerization and the optimum amount of water to afford maximum grafting has been evaluated. The effect of CH3OH on aqueous grafting of MMA and EA by radiation method has been studied. The graft copolymer has been characterized by IR spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240915
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