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  • Articles  (94)
  • Open Access-Papers  (94)
  • AGU  (62)
  • Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research  (31)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2005-2009  (76)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954  (18)
  • 2007  (76)
  • 1954  (18)
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  • Articles  (94)
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  • 2005-2009  (76)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954  (18)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Antarctica’s late Cenozoic (the past ~15 million years) climate history is poorly known from direct evidence, owing to its remoteness, an extensive sea ice apron, and an ice sheet cover over the region for the past 34 million years. Consequently, knowledge about the role of Antarctica’s ice sheets in global sea level and climate has relied heavily upon interpretations of oxygen isotope records from deep-sea cores. Whereas these isotopic records have revolutionized our understanding of climate-ice-ocean interactions, questions still remain about the specific role of Antarctic ice sheets in global climate. Such questions can be addressed from geological records at the marine margin of the ice sheets, recovered by drilling from floating ice platforms [e.g., Davey et al., 2001; Harwood et al., 2006; Barrett, 2007].
    Description: Published
    Description: 557-568
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Antarctic ; climate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: We have processed thirty Global Positioning System (GPS) campaigns carried out at Etna from 1994 to early 2001 between the last two main flank eruptions of the Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy). This rest period allowed us to investigate the deep magma plumbing system of the Mt. Etna. The temporal dynamics of twenty-three points observed three times or more were analyzed. All the time series show a first-order linear trend during the five years period. It suggests that the volcano was continuously deformed by the action of a deep source while a discrete activity of the volcano was observed at the summit. We have interpreted the residual deformation field as the result of an major eastward motion of the eastern flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: Ground-based measurements of stratospheric constituents were carried out from Thule Air Base, Greenland (76.5 N, 68.7 W), during the winters of 2001–2002 and 2002–2003, involving operation of a millimeter-wave spectrometer (GBMS) and a lidar system. This work focuses on the GBMS retrievals of stratospheric O3, CO, N2O, and HNO3, and on lidar stratospheric temperature data obtained during the first of the two winter campaigns, from mid-January to early March 2002. For the Arctic lower stratosphere, the winter 2001–2002 is one of the warmest winters on record. During a large fraction of the winter, the vortex was weakened by the influence of the Aleutian high, with low ozone concentrations and high temperatures observed by GBMS and lidar above 27 km during the second half of February and in early March. At 900 K ( 32 km altitude), the low ozone concentrations observed by GBMS in the Aleutian high are shown to be well correlated to low solar exposure. Throughout the winter, PSCs were rarely observed by POAM III, and the last detection was recorded on 17 January. During the lidar and GBMS observing period that followed, stratospheric temperatures remained above the threshold for PSCs formation throughout the vortex. Nonetheless, using correlations between GBMS O3 and N2O mixing ratios, in early February a large ozone deficiency owing to local ozone loss is noted inside the vortex. GBMS O3-N2O correlations suggest that isentropic transport brought a O3 deficit also to regions near the vortex edge, where transport most likely mimicked local ozone loss.
    Description: Published
    Description: D14304
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: remote sensing ; polar stratosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The Tindari Fault System (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is a regional zone of brittle deformation located at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional crustal compartments and lying above the western edge of a narrow subducting slab. Onshore structural data, an offshore seismic reflection profile, and earthquake data are analyzed to constrain the present geometry of the Tindari Fault System and its tectonic evolution since Neogene, including the present seismicity. Results show that this zone of deformation consists of a broad NNW trending system of faults including sets of right-lateral, left-lateral, and extensional faults as well as early strike-slip faults reworked under late extension. Earthquakes and other neotectonic data provide evidence that the Tindari Fault System is still active in the central and northern sectors and mostly accommodates extensional or rightlateral transtensional displacements on a diffuse array of faults. From these data, a multiphase tectonic history is inferred, including an early phase as a right-lateral strike-slip fault and a late extensional reworking under the influence of the subductionrelated processes, which have led to the formation of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin. Within the present, regional, geodynamic context, the Tindari Fault System is interpreted as an ongoing accommodation zone between the adjacent contractional and extensional crustal compartments, these tectonic compartments relating to the complex processes of plate convergence occurring in the region. The Tindari Fault System might also be included in an incipient, oblique-extensional, transfer zone linking the ongoing contractional belts in the Calabrian-Ionian and southern Tyrrhenian compartments.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC2006
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real-time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best-fitting solution is conducted over a three-dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green’s functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best-fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2-min-long record. The procedure is applied to post-processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real-time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano
    Description: Published
    Description: L04301
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: SKS splitting at the Calabrian subduction zone, with delay times (δt) up to 3s, reveals the presence of a strong anisotropic fabric. Fast directions (ϕ) are oriented NNE-SSW in the Calabrian Arc (C.A.) and rotate NNW-SSE to the north following the arcuate shape of the subducting plate. We interpret the trench-parallel ϕ as local-scale mantle flow driven by the retrograde motion of the slab; the absence of trench perpendicular ϕ below the Southern Apennines (S.A.) excludes the presence of a seismically detectable return flow at its NE edge. This may be due to the relative youth and limited width of the S.A. slab tear. A possible return flow is identified farther north at the boundary of the S.A. and Central Apennines. Different and weaker anisotropy is present below the Apulian Platform (A.P.). This implies that the influence of the slab rollback in the sub-slab mantle is limited to less then 100 km from the slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: shear-wave splitting, calabrian subduction zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study concerns the unstable scarp named Sciara del Fuoco (SDF) at Stromboli volcano, merging geostructural observations, live-cam records in the visible and IR bands, analysis of vertical aerial photographs, and seismic records. These are used to assess morpho-structural changes between 2002 and 2004. The onset of the lava effusion on 28 December, 2002 preceded a gravitational collapse by two days, affecting a wide area of the SDF above and below sea level. We surmise that the collapse enhanced latent instability of the scarp. The 2002–2003 lava flows had a remarkable stabilizing effect on wide portions (〉50%) of the SDF, whilst erosive phenomena continued in the zone not covered by lava. This caused unrelenting regression of the upper landslide scarp toward the summit craters in the form of rockfalls and debris flows. If the crater conduit were involved in the sliding, then a change in eruptive behavior cannot be excluded.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09304
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The continuous volcanic and seismic activity at Mount Etna makes this volcano an important laboratory for seismological and geophysical studies. We used repeated three-dimensional tomography to detect variations in elastic parameters during different volcanic cycles, before and during the October 2002–January 2003 flank eruption. Well-defined anomalous low P- to S-wave velocity ratio volumes were revealed. Absent during the pre-eruptive period, the anomalies trace the intrusion of volatile-rich (Q4 weight percent) basaltic magma, most of which rose up only a few months before the onset of eruption. The observed time changes of velocity anomalies suggest that four-dimensional tomography provides a basis for more efficient volcano monitoring and shortand midterm eruption forecasting of explosive activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 821-823
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two unusual, highly explosive flank eruptions succeeded on Mount Etna in July August 2001 and in October 2002 to January 2003, raising the possibility of changing magmatic conditions. Here we decipher the origin and mechanisms of the second eruption from the composition and volatile (H2O, CO2, S, Cl) content of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in explosive products from its south flank vents. Our results demonstrate that powerful lava fountains and ash columns at the eruption onset were sustained by closed system ascent of a batch of primitive, volatile-rich ( 4 wt %) basaltic magma that rose from 10 km depth below sea level (bsl) and suddenly extruded through 2001 fractures maintained opened by eastward flank spreading. This magma, the most primitive for 240 years, probably represents the alkali-rich parental end-member responsible for Etna lavas’ evolution since the early 1970s. Few of it was directly extruded at the eruption onset, but its input likely pressurized the shallow plumbing system several weeks before the eruption. This latter was subsequently fed by the extrusion and degassing of larger amounts of the same, but slightly more evolved, magma that were ponding at 6–4 km bsl, in agreement with seismic data and with the lack of preeruptive SO2 accumulation above the initial depth of sulphur exsolution ( 3 km bsl). We find that while ponding, this magma was flushed and dehydrated by a CO2-rich gas phase of deeper derivation, a process that may commonly affect the plumbing system of Etna and other alkali basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04203
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground-based thermal imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for volcano surveillance, however the impact of volcanic plumes on quantitative measurements of surface temperature has not been previously evaluated. Here we use a radiative transfer model to simulate gas (primarily H2O and SO2) and aerosol absorptions over the path between a thermal camera and a heat source on Stromboli volcano, Italy. A FTIR spectrometer was used to quantify path amounts of gases likely to be encountered when making thermal measurements of the active craters. We find that when using a camera sensitive from 7.5 to 13 mm, underestimates of 400 K may be produced when viewing a source with an actual temperature of 1200 K. Cameras that operate between 3 and 5 mm are somewhat less susceptible to these errors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14311
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Late on the night of 26 October 2002, a dike intrusion started suddenly at Mount Etna, producing intense explosive activity and lava effusion on the southern flank. Five to six hours afterward, a long field of eruptive fractures propagated radially along the northeastern flank of the volcano, producing marked variations at the permanent tilt network. The dike propagation velocity was inferred by the associated seismicity. We modeled the temporal evolution of the continuously recorded tilt data, both during the vertical dike propagation on the high south flank on 26 October and during the radial propagation along the northeast flank, between 27 and 28 October. The reproduction of the recorded tilt signal allowed us to describe the geometry and characteristics of the two dikes in greater detail than the previous static inversion. We deduced that the eruption was characterized by an unusual composite mechanism, clearly showing a transition from a nearly pure opening mode displacement to a mechanism characterized by an equally strong normal dip-slip component and a smaller left lateral strike-slip component. In this study we demonstrate the interaction between the final segment of the dike and a preexisting structure that was reactivated in response to the intrusion. We show that tilt and its modeling represent a powerful tool to verify and constrain dike intrusions in detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06404,
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Biomonitoring of magnetic properties of tree leaves has been postulated to be a good approach to measure particulate matter (PM) pollution levels. We studied the variation of magnetic hysteresis parameters on leaves of Quercus ilex, an evergreen oak previously used for magnetic biomonitoring of air pollution in Rome (Italy). The hysteresis parameters (MRS, MS, BCR and BC) measured on specimens collected at a close spacing on the surface of two single leaves show variances that are smaller than those observed on a collection of Q. ilex leaves sampled from several trees distributed along high-traffic roads. The variability is higher for magnetizations than for coercivities. This suggests a uniform source for the magnetic particles, such that variations are due mainly to changes in concentration. The normalized hysteresis cycles are remarkably similar for all the specimens. Normalization of magnetic moments by mass appears however more efficient than normalization by volume.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06306
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: environmental magnetism ; hysteresis properties ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a two-stage nonlinear technique to invert strong motions records and geodetic data to retrieve the rupture history of an earthquake on a finite fault. To account for the actual rupture complexity, the fault parameters are spatially variable peak slip velocity, slip direction, rupture time and risetime. The unknown parameters are given at the nodes of the subfaults, whereas the parameters within a subfault are allowed to vary through a bilinear interpolation of the nodal values. The forward modeling is performed with a discrete wave number technique, whose Green’s functions include the complete response of the vertically varying Earth structure. During the first stage, an algorithm based on the heat-bath simulated annealing generates an ensemble of models that efficiently sample the good data-fitting regions of parameter space. In the second stage (appraisal), the algorithm performs a statistical analysis of the model ensemble and computes a weighted mean model and its standard deviation. This technique, rather than simply looking at the best model, extracts the most stable features of the earthquake rupture that are consistent with the data and gives an estimate of the variability of each model parameter. We present some synthetic tests to show the effectiveness of the method and its robustness to uncertainty of the adopted crustal model. Finally, we apply this inverse technique to the well recorded 2000 western Tottori, Japan, earthquake (Mw 6.6); we confirm that the rupture process is characterized by large slip (3-4 m) at very shallow depths but, differently from previous studies, we imaged a new slip patch (2-2.5 m) located deeper, between 14 and 18 km depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: B07314
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: earthquake ; kinematic ; finite fault ; inversion ; source mechanics ; waveform ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The role of mesoscales on the formation and spreading of water masses in the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMED) is studied with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The model is forced with inter- annually variable surface forcing for the years from 1979 to 1999. The simulations are compared with some recent observational studies of the mesoscale processes in the WMED. It is found that the model reproduces the major features of the observed mesoscale variability during the preconditioning of the deep convection in the Gulf of Lions and also the large mesoscale eddies evolution in the Algerian Basin. Thus the model is used to study the deep convection in the Gulf of Lions and the processes of spreading of deep waters after the convection period. The simulations suggest that the flow structure during the preconditioning period is dominated by the Ligurian- Provencal Current in the surface and intermediate layers, which intensifies, meanders and forms a mesoscale vortex over the Rhone fan. In the deep layers the density structures due to the old deep waters tend to organise in (deep) mesoscale cyclonic eddies. The instability of the transition zone between old and newly formed deep waters, which takes place after the violent mixing stages of the deep convection, leads to collapse of the mixed patch and formation of mesoscale eddies. Some of these eddies propagate out of the Gulf of Lions transporting deep waters into the Algerian Basin. The rest of the mesoscale eddies filled with newly formed deep waters remain in the Gulf of Lions, and tend to merge, enlarge and reorganise in an area with two or three large cyclonic eddies. After the cyclonic eddies reach the Algerian Basin they interact with the intense mesoscale field existing there. The model data together with the available satellite SLA data reveal a regular westward propagation of mesoscale eddies in the Northern Algerian Basin. This transport together with southward propagation of mesoscale eddies out of the Gulf of Lions is suggesting that the intermediate and deep waters of the WMED are transported westward by mesoscale eddies. Equivalently we can argue the intermediate and deep waters conveyor belt of the WMED is eddy driven.
    Description: MFSTEP project
    Description: Published
    Description: C02024
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: water mass dynamics ; Gulf of Lyons ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Tyrrhenian Sea is an extensional basin opened by trench retreat and back-arc extension during subduction of the Calabrian slab in the last 10–12 My. Subduction is still active beneath the SEmost part of the Tyrrhenian Sea, as testified by seismicity down to 500 km depth. By analyzing seismicity and geodetic data, together with recent tomographic images, we define the present-day situation. An evident N-S compressional regime prevails in the Tyrrhenian region west of the Aeolian archipelago, while east of them a NNW-SSE extension is documented by focal mechanisms and GPS data, with a much smaller strain rate with respect to the past. The transition between these two domains is accommodated by a N-S discontinuity zone which runs from Aeolian Islands to Mt. Etna with an extensional to strike-slip deformation.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06611
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: geodynamics ; seismotectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The peculiarity of the quiescent La Fossa volcano is the occurrence of ‘‘crises’’ characterized by strong increases of fumarole T and output and by chemical changes indicative of an increasing input of magmatic fluids. Several surveys carried out during a new ‘‘crisis’’ began in November 2004 indicate that the total diffuse CO2 emission for the crater area increases by one order of magnitude during crises (up to 1600 ton d 1 in December 2005). Concern exists on the possibility that these crises be related to an unrest process leading to eruption. The repetition along decades of the same gas compositional variations during crises, their temporal coincidence with increases of the local shallow seismicity, and the lack of any significant ground motion, rather suggest that they correspond to moments of increasing volatile release from a stationary magma system.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Continuous soil radon monitoring was carried out near the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Mt. Etna during the 10-day July 2006 Strombolian-effusive eruption. This signal was compared with simultaneously acquired volcanic tremor and thermal radiance data. The onset of explosive activity and a lava fountaining episode were preceded by some hours with increases in radon soil emission by 4–5 orders of magnitude, which we interpret as precursors. Minor changes in eruptive behavior did not produce significant variations in the monitored parameters. The remarkably high radon concentrations we observed are unprecedented in the literature. We interpret peaks in radon activity as due primarily to microfracturing of uranium-bearing rock. These observations suggest that radon measurements in the summit area of Etna are strongly controlled by the state of stress within the volcano and demonstrate the usefulness of radon data acquisition before and during eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24316
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Propagation of shear waves produced by 25 mantle earthquakes (80-600 km depth) in the subduction zone of the south Tyrrhenian Sea (southern Italy) has been investigated to infer the geometry and extent of the descending lithosphere. From all hypocentral depths high-frequency, high-amplitude shear waves are recorded at most of the stations in southern Italy and easternmost Sicily. This shear-wave energy is interpreted to travel as a guided wave within the descending slab. In contrast, shear waves are either not recorded at all or they are recorded as low-frequency, low-amplitude signals at stations located in the peninsular part of Italy north of the Calabrian arc, in western Sicily and in Sardinia. This systematic S-wave attenuation is interpreted in terms of an active and continuous slab correlated with and limited to the Calabrian arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2877-2880
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Evidence of a continuous lithosphere between the northern margin of Africa and Italy is given from the analysis of regional waveforms recorded by the Italian Seismic Network. Frequency and amplitude of shear waves Sn propagating over the Ionian Sea and the western part of the Levantine Sea are examined in this study. An important observation is that Sn waves are efficiently transmitted without exception at epicentral distances ranging from 3˚ to 22.5˚. The very efficient propagation of uppermost mantle shear waves implies that mantle lithosphere is continuous in this part of the Mediterranean region. This in turn implies that the lithosphere underlying the Adriatic Sea is attached to the African lithosphere and can be considered a promontory of the major African plate. The regional shear phase Lg, that typically propagates within the continental crust, is not transmitted in this area. This observation is consistent with the presence of oceanic crust in the eastern Mediterranean, as hypothesized by previous studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 431-434
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sn waves propagation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Salina Island (Italy) is located in the central sector of the Aeolian Islands and represents the northernmost volcanic structure of an elongated ridge emplaced on a regional shear zone characterized by NNW-SSE strike-slip faults and by second order N-S and NE-SW faults. High-resolution, low-altitude aeromagnetic data collected in 2003 and 2005 allow us to study the subsurface structure of Salina Island. The magnetic data show a pattern with a wide range of wavelengths and intensities. Magnetic modeling constrained by volcanological data allow us to reconstruct the inner structure of the Salina volcanoes and surrounding marine regions. Long wavelength negative anomalies overlap E-W elongated sedimentary basin related to the Early Pliocene-Pleistocene opening of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea back-arc basin. The shorter wavelength positive magnetic anomalies are related to the Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic (conduits, dikes) and tectonic (faults) structures. The magnetic and volcanological data indicate that the early (168- about 100 ka), basaltic to basaltic andesitic Salina volcanism developed along N-S and NE-SW tectonic structure, whereas the more recent basaltic andesitic to rhyolitic products (about 100-13ka) were emitted by vents related to the main NW-SE fault tectonic structures. The tectonic structures also control the location of the seamounts around the island and the geometry of the volcano-tectonic collapses. The Salina volcanism emplaced on a NNW-SSE regional discontinuity that represents a tear fault of the present-day roll-backing slab in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanoes ; tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A method for automatic scaling of the maximum frequency and virtual height of a sporadic E layer is presented. A set of ionograms recorded at the ionospheric observatory of Gibilmanna was used to test the performance of the algorithm. The test was performed by comparing the data obtained automatically with the values scaled by an operator.
    Description: Published
    Description: RS2012
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di aeronomia
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ionograms ; automatic scaling ; Autoscala ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: 1The purpose of this paper is to characterize the statistical distribution of worldwide largest earthquakes. We analyze the distribution of worldwide shallow events with Ms 7.0+ since 1900, by following the Occam’s razor philosophy; we start from the simplest possible model (stationary Poisson process), and we inspect more complicated models only if the data show significant departures from the simplest one. The results show two important characteristics; first, worldwide Ms 7.0+ earthquakes tend to cluster in time and space, with features similar to smaller events. Second, for some seismic regions there is evidence in favor of long-term fluctuations of the earthquake rate. These results support the hypothesis of universality, suggesting that an ETAS model with a background varying with time can be considered reliable to describe the seismicity distribution over a wide space-time-magnitude window. From a practical point of view, our findings suggest that the paradigm that seismic zones are stationary systems, implicitly assumed in seismic hazard assessment, should be regarded with caution.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02303
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ETAS model ; cluster ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present new paleomagnetic data for Quaternary u channel samples from two deep-sea gravity cores from the west Pacific Southern Ocean. These cores were recovered in the Antarctic summers 1995–1996 during the oceanographic cruise of the R/V Italica. One was recovered beneath the present-day Antarctic Polar Front (Anta 95-157), and the other is from within the Antarctic Zone (Anta 96-16). The Matuyama- Brunhes boundary has been identified in both cores, with a longer history of sedimentation available in Anta 96-16. A detailed rock magnetic study shows discrete occurrences of ice rafted debris, which were influenced by 100-kyr orbital eccentricity variations during the Brunhes Chron. This is consistent with the main periodicity of the climate system since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12011
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; Quaternary ; sedimentary cores ; Southern Ocean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Surface waves from the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes of 2004 and 2005 that cross Italy south of 44 N display Love-to-Rayleigh scattered waves (quasi- Love phases) diagnostic of sharp lateral gradients in the anisotropic properties of Earth’s upper mantle. Surface waves that traverse Italy further north lack this distinctive phase, documenting a change in the upper mantle fabric that is corroborated by a shift in the fast polarization of shear wave birefringence. These observations suggest that orogen-parallel asthenospheric extension behind the retreating Apennines slab has limited geographical expression. We hypothesize that subduction rollback currently terminates at 44 N, while the upper mantle flow pattern further to the north has been recently rearranged.
    Description: Published
    Description: L04304
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: surface wave ; Sumatra earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While very large earthquakes are generally confined to subduction zones, the SW Iberian margin –setting of the famous Mw 8.5–8.7, 1755 Lisbon tsunami earthquake- may be an exception to this rule. Evidence for active subduction is not conclusive here, but instead plate convergence in old oceanic lithosphere with large brittle layer thickness can account for the occurrence of great earthquakes along moderate-length faults. We estimate the source parameters of the February 12th 2007, Horseshoe earthquake. Regional moment tensor inversion yields an Mw 6.0, reverse to strike-slip faulting source in the upper mantle. Modelling teleseismic, surface-reflected body waves (pP, pwP, sP) indicates a source depth of 40 km beneath the seafloor. Analysing apparent source time functions allows identifying the preferred fault plane (strike N245°E/ dip 55°/ rake 50°), and estimating rupture area (53 km2) and average slip (0.27 m). Scaling the source characteristics to the size of the 1755 earthquake suggests a fault length of 230–315 km, being compatible with the length of mapped faults in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: L12308
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: source mechanisms ; tsunamigenic sources ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two swarms of microearthquakes (ML ≤ 2.2), occurred on July 2-7 and August 22, 2000 at Campi Flegrei, accompained by a ground uplift episode (4 cm) which interrupted on early March 2000 the descending trend started on 1985. Spectral analysis indicates a direct involvement of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids in the source process of the July swarm, while the August events are typical of shear failure, similar to most of the earthquakes that occurred during the last (1982-1984) bradyseismic crisis. Precise 3-D relative location applied to similar earthquakes allows for the recognition of two parallel alignments trending NE-SW at depths of 1.7 and 3.2 Km. This trend is consistent with the direction of the main focal plane obtained from fault plane solutions and evidences tensile failure in close proximity to the zone of maximum uplift as depicted by geodetic measurements. A fault weakening mechanism triggered by increasing pore pressure is invoked as the cause of these earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2525-2528
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; seismic swarm ; earthquakes locations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We estimated SKS splitting parameters for 18 earthquakes observed over 2 years on a dense linear seismometer array crossing the Apennines orogen (Northern Italy). An abrupt (within 30 km) change in fast polarization occurs near the crest of the Apennines. Southwest of the crest, fast polarization parallels the Apennines strike (WNW–ESE), rotating to EW orientation near the Tyrrhenian Sea. Northeast of the crest, toward the Po Plain, fast polarization is NNE–SSW, roughly normal to the orogen’s strike. Delay times (0.6–2.9s) do not show a remarkable pattern. Splitting parameters beneath the Apennines argue against anisotropy restricted to the crust, and suggest that the mantle region deformed by Apennines slab rollback is spatially limited. We hypothesize that the rollback process has been uneven, evolving to a contortion of the northern edge of the Apennines slab, and perhaps incipient detachment. Lithospheric anisotropy beneath the Po-Plain may also be significant.
    Description: Published
    Description: L07308
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: anisotropy ; subduction ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Satellite in situ measurements of plasma (electron) density fluctuations provide direct information about the structure and morphology of irregularities that are responsible for scintillation of radio waves on transionospheric links. When supplemented with the ionosphere model and irregularity anisotropy model, they can be applied to model morphology of scintillation provided a suitable propagation model is used. In this paper we present a scintillation climatological model for the Northern Hemisphere high-latitude ionosphere, which makes use of the Dynamics Explorer 2 retarding potential analyzer plasma density data, IRI ionosphere model, and the phase screen propagation model. An important aspect of our work is that we derived from the satellite data not just the turbulence strength parameter Cs but also the spectral index p, which influences the scintillation level as well. We discuss the magnetic activity, season, magnetic time, and latitude dependence of these parameters. We were able to reproduce successfully the observed scintillation intensity diurnal and seasonal variations. The model satisfactorily describes the expansion of the scintillation zone under magnetically disturbed conditions and reproduces the dawn-dusk asymmetry in the scintillation intensity. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
    Description: Published
    Description: RS1002
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: scintillations modeling ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Changes in the Earth’s gravity fi eld are caused by the redistribution of mass within the Earth and on or above its surface.While previous studies [Tapley, 2004; Wahr, 2004] showed that the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission, executed by NASA,had successfully determined oceanic mass redistribution, the relative motions between two GRACE satellites caused by the 2004 Sumatra tsunami is still uncertain. This present study combines a numerical model of the tsunami and GRACE orbit data to estimate the realistic effect of oceanic mass redistribution on the inter-satellite range-rate change between two GRACE satellites.The GRACE mission is designed to map out the Earth’s gravity field to high accuracy. Instead of measuring the Earth gravity field or mass variations directly, GRACE estimates a set of spherical harmonic coefficients denoting the Earth gravity fi eld each month by measuring range changes between two spacecrafts [Chambers et al., 2004]. The aftermath of this study has shown that the sea surface height anomaly due to the 2004 Sumatra tsunami can cause GRACE inter-satellite range-rate change (i.e., the small relative motions between twin GRACE satellites).When the GRACE trajectories are near the tsunami regions, the range-rate variations are large enough to be observed by GRACE. On 26 December 2004, the fourth strongest earthquake over the past century occurred in the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Measuring 9.0 in magnitude, the earthquake generated a massive tsunami that struck the Indian Ocean countries and Somalia.The sudden and violent vertical displacement of the seafl oor caused a disturbance to the overlying water column that propagated rapidly across the whole Indian Ocean.As the tsunami reached shallow water, the height of the wave drastically increased and produced huge inundations and runup heights of up to a few tens of meters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 353-356
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sumatra ; tsunami ; propagation ; gravity ; satellite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 29 June 1170 a large earthquake hit a vast area in the Near Eastern Mediterranean, comprising the present-day territories of western Syria, central southern Turkey, and Lebanon. Although this was one of the strongest seismic events ever to hit Syria, so far no in-depth or specific studies have been available. Furthermore, the seismological literature (from 1979 until 2000) only elaborated a partial summary of it, mainly based solely on Arabic sources. The major effects area was very partial, making the derived seismic parameters unreliable. This earthquake is in actual fact one of the most highly documented events of the medieval Mediterranean. This is due to both the particular historical period in which it had occurred (between the second and the third Crusades) and the presence of the Latin states in the territory of Syria. Some 50 historical sources, written in eight different languages, have been analyzed: Latin (major contributions), Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, Greek, Hebrew, Vulgar French, and Italian. A critical analysis of this extraordinary body of historical information has allowed us to obtain data on the effects of the earthquake at 29 locations, 16 of which were unknown in the previous scientific literature. As regards the seismic dynamics, this study has set itself the question of whether there was just one or more than one strong earthquake. In the former case, the parameters (Me 7.7 ± 0.22, epicenter, and fault length 126.2 km) were calculated. Some hypotheses are outlined concerning the seismogenic zones involved.
    Description: Published
    Description: B07304
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; Syria ; Lebanon ; central southern Turkey ; seismogenic source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present an algorithm for the linear inversion of two-dimensional (2-D) surface magnetic data to obtain 3-D models of the susceptibility of the source. The forward model is discretized by a mesh of prismatic cells with constant magnetization that allows the recovery of a complete 3-D generating source. As the number of cells are normally greater than the amount of available data, we have to solve an underdetermined linear inverse problem. A Tikhonov regularization of the solution is introduced as a depth-weighting function adapted from Li and Oldenburg (1996) to close the source toward the bottom. The main novelty of this method is a first-stage optimization that gives information about the depth to the bottom of the generating source. This parameter permits both the evaluation of the appropriate vertical extension of the mesh and the definition of the shape of the regularizing depth-weighting distribution. After discussing the performance of this method by showing the results of various synthetic tests, we invert the magnetic anomalies of the volcanic edifices in the Latium region in central Italy to define their 3-D source distribution.
    Description: Published
    Description: B11104
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Dikes provide crucial information on how magma propagates within volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvio (Italy) consists of the active Vesuvio cone, partly bordered by the older Mt. Somma edifice. Historical chronicles on the fissure eruptions in 1694–1944 are matched with an analytical solution to define the propagation path of the related dikes and to study any control of the Mt. Somma relief. The fissures always consisted of the downslope migration of vents from an open summit conduit, indicating lateral propagation as the predominant mechanism for shallow dike emplacement. No fissure emplaced beyond Mt. Somma, suggesting that its buttressing hinders the propagation of the radial dikes. An analytical solution is defined to describe the mechanism of formation of the laterally propagating dikes and to evaluate the effect of topography. The application to Somma-Vesuvio suggests that, under ordinary excess magmatic pressures, the dikes should not propagate laterally at depths 〉240–480 m below the surface, as the increased lithostatic pressure requires magmatic pressures higher than average. This implies that, when the conduit is open, the lateral emplacement of dikes is expectable on the S, Wand E slopes. The lack of fissures N of Mt. Somma is explained by its buttressing, which hinders dike propagation. Citation: Acocella, V., M. Porreca, M. Neri, E. Massimi, and M. Mattei (2006), Propagation of dikes at Vesuvio (Italy) and the effect of Mt. Somma, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08301, doi:10.1029/2005GL025590.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08301
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Understanding how shallow magma is emplaced within volcanoes is crucial for hazard assessment. The 2002–2003 Stromboli eruption provides the opportunity to investigate shallow magma emplacement resulting from orthogonal feeder dikes and its possible effects. Stromboli erupted in 2002–2003, when effusive activity replaced Strombolian activity. On December 28, a NE-SW fissure propagated from the lava-filled northernmost summit crater. On December 29, a NW-SE fissure propagated north of the craters, feeding NW-SE aligned vents. On December 30, this area collapsed, reaching the sea and generating a tsunami. In mid February 2003, the NW-SE fissure became inactive, while the NE-SW effusive fissure continued until July. A model for shallow magma emplacement is proposed. The lateral propagation of a NE-SW dike from the northernmost crater was triggered. Below, a NW-SE dike, propagating from the magma-filled NE tip of the NE-SW elongated conduit, fed the NW-SE aligned vents. In February, the conduit periphery became solidified, freezing the NW-SE dike, and the transport of magma was limited to the central part, focusing its rise below the craters. This fed the NE-SW fissure until the supply decreased further (July), returning to the ordinary level sustaining Strombolian activity. Orthogonal dike emplacement followed the trajectories of the maximum (gravitational) stress s1, partly controlled by the irregular topography of the uppermost edifice. The emplacement of orthogonal dikes in a limited area is feasible at non-perfectly conical active volcanoes, where the maximum gravitational stress may show variations from a purely radial path.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17310
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: SO2 flux is widely monitored on active volcanoes as it gives a window into the hidden, subsurface magma dynamics. We present here a new approach to SO2 flux monitoring using ultraviolet imaging of the volcanic plume through carefully chosen filters to produce images of SO2 column amount. The SO2 camera heralds a breakthrough in both our ability to measure SO2 flux at unprecedented frequencies (2 Hz) and at unprecedented accuracy, thanks to the application of correlation techniques to determine wind speed directly from the images and the ability to measure the whole profile simultaneously. In this paper we detail the commercially available pieces required to construct the SO2 camera, introduce a retrieval scheme to determine SO2 amounts from the images and present results from a field campaign in November 2005 on Sakurajima volcano, Japan.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24804
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We detect seismic wave velocity changes at Mt. Vesuvius, using doublets and the Coda Wave Interferometry method. The high sensitivity of multiply scattered coda waves to temporal changes in the medium allows us to detect velocity variation smaller than 0.4%. We use 17 doublets, some of them grouped in families of multiplets, spanning January 1996 to December 1999. Data show a systematic increase in velocity from 1996 to end- September 1999, followed by a rapid drop in velocity. This drop immediately precedes a sustained swarm of VT-type earthquakes, including the 9th October 1999 M = 3.6 event, the largest in the region since at least 1972. We propose a long term fluid pressurization followed by influx as a possible causative mechanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06306
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: NONE
    Description: Published
    Description: 385,392
    Description: open
    Keywords: NONE ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 10 September 2005 at 1711 LT (1511 UT) a loud boom was heard on the Ischia island. A clear seismic signal was also recorded by the seismic monitoring network of the Neapolitan volcanic areas (Ischia, Campi Flegrei, and Mount Vesuvius) and on a regional station (Mount Massico). On the basis of the seismic recordings and on acoustic phenomena reports, we relate this event to the atmospheric explosion (airburst) of a bolide about 15 km SW of Ischia at an elevation of about 11.5 km. The location has been obtained through nonlinear traveltime inversion in a realistic atmospheric model including wind effects. We show, using statistical estimators, how the traveltime pattern is due to both atmospheric winds and the bolide trajectory. Using the same reasoning we discard a human origin (supersonic jet or sea-air missile). In addition, we also propose a new algorithm for fast acoustic traveltime computation for a supersonic moving source.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity and of CO2 flux in soil and fumaroles were carried out on Mount Etna volcano in 2005–2006, both in its summit area and along active faults on its flanks. We observe an empirical relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 efflux. The higher the flux of CO2, the lower the ratio between 220Rn and 222Rn. Deep sources of gas are characterized by high 222Rn activity and high CO2 efflux, whereas shallow sources are indicated by high 220Rn activity and relatively low CO2 efflux. Excess 220Rn highlights sites of ongoing shallow rock fracturing that could be affected by collapse, as in the case of the rim of an active vent. Depletion both in 220Rn and in CO2 seems to be representative of residual degassing along recently active eruptive vents.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q10001
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: radon ; thoron ; carbon dioxide ; rock stress ; gas transport ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Molecular composition, CH4 isotopes and gas flux of all main terrestrial mud volcanoes and other methane seeps in Italy are being assessed for the first time. Whereas 74% of the Italian gas reservoirs are biogenic, about 80% of the seeps release thermogenic gas. Dry-seep gas generally maintains the reservoir C1/(C2 + C3) ‘‘Bernard’’ ratio while mud volcanoes show molecular fractionation likely occurring during advective migration. Accordingly, a simple and direct use of the ‘‘Bernard’’ parameter might be misleading when applied to mud volcanoes as it could not always reflect the reservoir composition. Methane flux into the atmosphere from macro-seep areas is in the order of 102–106 t km-2y-1. Microseepage is widespread throughout large areas and, on a regional scale, it provides the main methane output. A first emission estimate for the total hydrocarbon-prone area of Italy suggests levels of 105 t y-1, comparable to national sources fromfossil fuel industry
    Description: Published
    Description: L14303
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Methane ; Seeps ; mud volcanoes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shallow imaging of fault zones is a challenging task. We investigate if this issue can be successfully addressed by combining reflection seismics with non-standard multifold wide-aperture profiling, a strategy pertaining to crustal scale exploration so far. Near-offset reflection and multifold wide-aperture data are simultaneously recorded along two profiles in a small basin crossed by an active fault in Southern Italy. Imaging consists of multiscale seismic tomography complemented by CDP processing of near-offset reflections and of data spanning a large offset range. By combining smooth Vp and reflectivity images we pinpoint the fault location and yield a valuable picture of the basin. Performance of each exploration technique strongly varies in the two surveys depending on the local geologic conditions. Thus, the combined exploration strategy not only yields complementary images for enhanced interpretation, but also allows extending the range of applicability of shallow seismics for fault detection, reducing the risk of unsuccessful investigations.
    Description: Published
    Description: L20310
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: shallow fault imaging ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new 3-D model for the P-wave velocity structure of the Southern Tyrrhenian Subduction Zone (STSZ) is determined from nonlinear inversion of relative arrival times of teleseismic events. The data used in the imaging are the travel time residuals of both direct, P and PKPdf, and secondary pP, sP, PcP, PKPbc phases, computed with respect to the global 1-D velocity model ak135. 2308 teleseismic waveforms were collected for this study from 109 events recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network (RSNC) during 1988-1998. The velocity perturbation eld is reconstructed gradually by means an iterative sequence of linearized inversions, incorporating a 3-D minimum travel time ray tracing. The tomographic images reveal a broad highvelocity zone dominating the pattern of lateral variations beneath the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea and Calabria. This fast structure extends laterally for a maximum of 350 km, from northern Sicily to southern Campania, and vertically for at least 400 km, from the uppermost mantle down to 500 km depth. Below 350 km the geometry of the depicted slab is characterized by horizontal deflection of the subducting lithosphere towards the central Tyrrhenian basin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3709-3712
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: P-wave velocity ; teleseismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Institute for Geophysics at Hamburg University and the Research Center for Marine Geoscience (GEOMAR) of Kiel University have developed new, wideband ocean bottom seismic stations for long-term, deep sea deplyments of up to 1 year.
    Description: Published
    Description: 309-315
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ocean Bottom Seismometer ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate controls on tsunami generation and propagation in the near-field of great megathrust earthquakes using a series of numerical simulations of subduction and tsunamigenesis on the Sumatran forearc. The Sunda megathrust here is advanced in its seismic cycle and may be ready for another great earthquake. We calculate the seafloor displacements and tsunami wave heights for about 100 complex earthquake ruptures whose synthesis was informed by reference to geodetic and stress accumulation studies. Remarkably, results show that, for any near-field location: (1) the timing of tsunami inundation is independent of slipdistribution on the earthquake or even of its magnitude, and (2) the maximum wave height is directly proportional to the vertical coseismic displacement experienced at that location. Both observations are explained by the dominance of long wavelength crustal flexure in near-field tsunamigenesis. The results show, for the first time, that a single estimate of vertical coseismic displacement might provide a reliable short-term forecast of the maximum height of tsunami waves.
    Description: Published
    Description: L14316
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Sumatra ; earthquake ; tsunami ; megathrust ; hazard ; forecasting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An instantaneous space-weighted ionospheric regional model (ISWIRM) for the regional now-casting of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) has been developed. The geographical area of applicability of the model is ranged between 35°N–70°N and 5°W–40°E. Inside this region the hourly values of foF2 are obtained, correcting the monthly medians values of foF2 predicted by the space-weighted ionospheric local model (SWILM) on the basis of hourly observations of foF2 coming from four reference stations (Rome, Chilton, Lycksele, and Loparskaya (or Sodankyla)). The performance of the model, evaluated at four testing stations (Tortosa, Juliusruh, Uppsala, and Kiruna) during some periods characterized by strong solar and geomagnetic activity, can be considered satisfactory, given that the hourly values of the residuals are almost always below 1 MHz. A comparison between ISWIRM’s performance using manually validated and autoscaled data of foF2 and SWILM’s performance was made for two disturbed periods. One example of instantaneous ionospheric mapping of foF2 relative to the selected disturbed periods is also shown.
    Description: Published
    Description: RS1005,
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ionosphere, now casting models ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: A lava emission started at Mt. Etna, Italy, on 7 September, 2004. Neither earthquake seismicity heralded or accompanied the opening of the fracture field from which the lava poured out, nor volcanic tremor changed in amplitude and frequency content at the onset of the effusive activity. To highlight long-term changes, we propose a method for the location of the tremor source based on a 3D grid search, using the amplitude decay of the seismic signal, from January to November 2004. We find the centroid of the tremor source within a zone close to and partially overlapped with the summit craters (pre-effusive phase), which extended up to 2 km south of them (effusive phase). The depths are of between 1698 and 2387 m a.s.l. We hypothesize the lava effusion stemmed from a degassed magma body, although we find evidence of temporary magma overpressure conditions, such as those documented on 25 September.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09304
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: After the end of the 2002–2003 eruption, Mount Etna activity was characterized only by gentle degassing at the summit craters and some earthquake swarms. Suddenly, an eruption started on 7 September 2004 in complete absence of summit crater volcanic activity, seismicity or seismic tremor, and ground deformation. This is the first time that magma poured out passively without preeruptive and coeruptive volcanic and/or geophysical phenomena. The primary key to understanding this event is represented by the ground deformation pattern recorded through GPS measurements during the year before the eruption. The ground deformation shows inflation superimposed by a predominant eastward movement of the eastern sector at a rate never observed before in a noneruptive period. The images from satellite radar interferometry confirmed this pattern. The deformation field clearly shows that the maximum tension in the eastern sector of the volcano caused the opening of the eruptive fracture which favored the silent pouring out of already resident magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12207
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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    Type: article
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A thermal modeling of the Vesuvius is presented, based on its magmatic and volcanic history. A 2D numerical scheme has been developed to evaluate the heat transfer inside and around a magma body, the latent heat of crystallization and the inputs of magma from the asthenosphere to a crustal reservoir. Assuming a ratio 〉1 between velocities of magma ascending in the conduit and magma laterally displaced in the reservoir, the results indicate that, after 40 ka, the reservoir is vertically thermally zoned. As a consequence it hosts magma batches that can individually differentiate, mix and be contaminated by the crust, and produce the spectrum of isotopic compositions of the Vesuvian products. The thermal model reproduces the geothermal gradient and the brittle-ductile transition (250– 300 C) at 6 km of depth (the maximum depth of earthquake foci) only after 0.5–1 Ma, implying a long lived magma chamber below the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17302
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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    Type: article
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We model the location, geometry and density of the source of the recent geological unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) by inverting levelling, trilateration and gravity measurements collected between 1980 and 1995. The best fitting source for the 1980–84 inflation is a horizontal penny-shaped crack with a density 142 to 1115 kg/m3. The source best fitting the deflation period (1990–95) is a vertical spheroid with density between 902 and 1015 kg/m3. These results exclude the intrusion of magma, and indicate the migration of fluid to and from the caldera hydrothermal system as the cause of ground deformation and consequent unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: L01307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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    Type: article
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 April 2003 at 07:13 GMT (09:13 local time) a violent vulcanian explosion occurred at Stromboli volcano. At the time of the event an eruptive crisis was ongoing at the volcano with a lava flow outpouring along the Sciara del Fuoco flank. The seismic signals related to the event were recorded by 8 permanent broadband stations and gives information about the eruption kinematics. An ultra-longperiod signal (period 〉 20 s), that we interpret as the effect of the ground tilt on the broadband sensors, starts about 4 min before and terminates about 1 min after the explosion. On the basis of the radial pattern of tilt directions we conclude that this signal is the effect of the deformation of the volcanic edifice, due to the rapid rising of a batch of magma, its ejection and the magma column readjustment. About 1 min before the explosion we observe an high frequency signal (period 〈 0.1 s) that we believe to be related to the vesiculation of the rising batch of gas-rich magma. At 07:13:35 GMT a powerful very-long-period signal (period 2 20 s), marking the onset of the explosive fragmentation, is recorded. This is confirmed by a blast wave following few seconds later. The remaining seismic signal (more than 3 min), shows an higher frequency content being related only to the fall of ballistic ejecta and to landslides along Sciara del Fuoco.We propose the implementation of an early warning system for the short-term forecast of such explosions, based on the real-time automatic detection of the tilt signals preceding such events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08308
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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    Type: article
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The relationship between permeability and porosity is reviewed and investigated. The classical Kozeny-Carman approach and a fractal pore-space geometry assumption are used to derive a new permeability-porosity equation. The equation contains only two fitting parameters: a Kozeny coefficient and a fractal exponent. The strongest features of the model are related to its simplicity and its capability to describe measured permeability values of different non-granular porous media better than other models.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02318
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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    Type: article
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we attempt to reconcile a theoretical understanding of the earthquake energy balance with current geologic understanding of fault zones, with seismological estimates of fracture energy on faults, and with geological measurements of surface energy in fault gouges. In particular, we discuss the mechanical work absorbed on the fault plane during the propagation of a dynamic earthquake rupture. We show that, for realistic fault zone models, all the mechanical work is converted in frictional work defined as the irreversible work against frictional stresses. We note that the eff γ of Kostrov and Das (1988) is zero for cracks lacking stress singularities, and thus does not contribute to the work done on real faults. Fault shear tractions and slip velocities inferred seismologically are phenomenological variables at the macroscopic scale. We define the macroscopic frictional work and we discuss how it is partitioned into surface energy and heat (the latter includes real heat as well as plastic deformation and the radiation damping of Kostrov and Das). Tinti et al. (2005) defined and measured breakdown work for recent earthquakes, which is the excess of work over some minimum stress level associated with the dynamic fault weakening. The comparison between geologic measurements of surface energy and breakdown work revealed that 1-10% of breakdown work went into the creation of fresh fracture surfaces (surface energy) in large earthquakes, and the remainder went into heat. We also point out that in a realistic fault zone model the transition between heat and surface energy can lie anywhere below the slip weakening curve.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 237-261
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shallow earthquakes occurring in the southern part of the Tyrrhenian basin excite a long-duration low-frequency coda that propagates efficiently along paths crossing the Tyrrhenian Sea. Seismograms recorded at regional distances in the Italian peninsula are analysed in the frequency-time domain and compared with synthetics computed in simple vertically varying media. Based on results of our modeling, we interpret the coda as short-period (5-10 s) suboceanic Rayleigh waves. Their large amplitude and long duration, that we emphasize here, are explained as due to the influence of the Tyrrhenian water layer over a fast seafloor with little S-wave attenuation (QS〉 300). A satisfactory fit of amplitude and duration of the observed waveforms is obtained assuming a young oceanic model with an average water column of 1 to 2 km and relatively high S-wave velocity (2.5 km/s) in the shallow crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: L22605
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: suboceanic Rayleigh waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation occurring on Mount Etna from 1994 to 1995 is analyzed in this paper. This period was characterized by intense volcanic activity at the four summit craters, with frequent strombolian activity, fire fountains, and emplacement of several new lava flows. Four GPS surveys were carried out during this time, two as routinely planned each year and an additional two in 1995 to acquire more data to follow the activity at the NE Crater. The comparisons between GPS surveys are reported in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements of each station and in terms of areal dilatation and principal strain axes. During the period considered in this work, a trend of increasing areal dilatation of the volcano (at a rate of about 5 mstrain/yr) was recognized; it was briefly interrupted by a small contraction (about 2 mstrain), in the autumn of 1995, when volcanic activity at the summit craters began. In detail, the strain distribution of the network is analyzed; it allows the detection of areas showing anomalous behavior, such as the summit zone or the Pernicana fault. Inversions of the ground displacement vectors have been performed by appropriately combining numerical and analytical approaches. Results of the inversions suggest structures defining an eastward and southward sliding of the eastern and southeastern sectors of Mount Etna.
    Description: CNR-GNV "Empedocle" ESA-ESRIN project
    Description: Published
    Description: 2153
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Ground deformation ; modeling ; Flank instability ; Mt. Etna ; Volcano dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present new tomographic images for the Pwave velocity structure in the upper mantle beneath centralsouthern Apennines down to 510 km depth. The model is computed by nonlinear inversion of relative arrival times of both direct and secondary teleseismic phases, handpicked from over 2800 waveforms recorded by the Italian seismic network during 1988-2000. Beneath central Apennines, the images reveal a continuous, SW-dipping high-velocity body, from 150 km down to 500 km. At shallower depths, a pronounced low-velocity zone is recognized from the uppermost mantle beneath the Apenninic belt down to 200 km below the Tyrrhenian area. This feature is proposed to affect the seismic structure of the downgoing slab, weakening its velocity signature. Beneath southern Apennines, highvelocity anomalies are reconstructed in the uppermost mantle of the Apulian foreland and below the belt in the range 100 400 km. Low-velocity regions, interpreted as due to asthenospheric upwelling, are recovered above or across the fast structures, as at the southeastern end of the Apennines where a possible complete slab breako is suggested.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4387-4390
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: P-wave tomography ; lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The performances of Autoscala and ARTIST 4.5 were comparatively evaluated using a large database of 6098 ionograms recorded from September 2005 to June 2006 by the digisonde DPS4 at the Rome ionospheric station. Results of comparisons between automatically and manually scaled data are shown for both programs highlighting the different behaviours. The Autoscala and ARTIST 4.5 values of foF2 and MUF(3000)F2 both agree with the hand-scaled values for ~95% of ionograms. For the other ~5% of ionograms, which the manual scaler classed as unscalable, ARTIST 4.5 usually gave invalid results, whereas Autoscala usually gave no result. The data recorded by the ionosondes DPS4 (interpreted by ARTIST 4.5) and AIS-INGV (interpreted by Autoscala) during 3 geomagnetic storms were also analysed. Ionograms with typical errors both for Autoscala and ARTIST 4.5 are displayed.
    Description: Published
    Description: RS4003
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di aeronomia
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ionograms ; ARTIST ; Autoscala ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the text
    Description: Published
    Description: 1545-1548
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: anisotropy ; eruptive fracture ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Knowledge of the state of the upper atmosphere, and in particular its ionospheric part, is very important in several applications affected by space weather, especially the communications and navigation systems that rely on radio transmission. To better classify the ionosphere and forecast its disturbances over Europe, a data collection endeavour called the European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server (DIAS) was initiated in 2004 by a consortium formed around several European ionospheric stations that transmit in real-time ionospheric parameters automatically scaled. The DIAS project is a collaborative venture of eight institutions funded by the European Commission eContent Programme. The project seeks to improve access to digital information collected by public European institutes and to expand its use. The main objective of the DIAS project is to develop a pan-European digital data collection describing the state of the upper atmosphere, based on real-time information and historical data collections provided by most of the operating ionospheric stations in Europe. Various groups of users require data specifying upper atmospheric conditions over Europe for nowcasting and forecasting purposes. The DIAS system is designed to distribute such information. The successful operation of DIAS is based on the effective use of observational data in operational applications through the development of new added-value ionospheric products and services that best fit the needs of the market. DIAS is a unique European system, and its continuous operation will efficiently support radio propagation services with the most reliable information. DIAS began providing services to users in August 2006.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10-13
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ionospheric monitoring and forecasting ; space weather ; upper atmosphere digital data collection ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2001 Etna eruption was characterized by a complex temporal evolution with the opening of seven eruptive fissures, each feeding different lava flows. This work describes a method adopted to obtain the three-dimensional geometry of the whole lava flow field and for the reconstruction, based on topographic data, of the temporal evolution of the largest lava flow emitted from a vent located at 2100 m a.s.l. Preeruption and posteruption Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were extracted from vector contour maps. Comparison of the two DEMs and analysis of posteruption orthophotos allowed us to estimate flow area, thickness, and bulk volume. Additionally, the two-dimensional temporal evolution of the 2100 flow was precisely reconstructed by means of maps compiled during the eruption. These data, together with estimates of flow thickness, allowed us to evaluate emitted lava volumes and in turn the average volumetric flow rates The analysis performed in this paper provided, a total lava bulk volume of 40.1 106 m3 for the whole lava flow field, most of which emitted from the 2100 vent (21.4 106 m3). The derived effusion rate trend shows an initial period of waxing flow followed by a longer period of waning flow. This is in agreement not only with the few available effusion rate measurements performed during the eruption, but also with the theoretical model of Wadge (1981) for the temporal variation in discharge during the tapping of a pressurized source
    Description: Published
    Description: F02029
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; 2001 eruption ; three-dimensional mapping ; lava volume ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present seismological evidence for the existence of an actively slipping low angle normal fault (15¡ã dip) located in the Northern Apennines of Italy. During a temporary seismic experiment, we recorded ~2000 earthquakes with ML ¡Ý 3.1. The micro-seismicity defines a 500 to 1000 m thick fault zone that cross-cuts the upper crust from 4 km down to 16 km depth. The fault coincides with the geometry and location of the Alto Tiberina Fault (ATF) as derived from geological observations and interpretation of depth-converted seismic reflection profiles. In the ATF hangingwall the seismicity distributions highlight minor synthetic and antithetic normal faults (4-5 km long) that sole into the detachment. The ATF related seismicity shows a nearly constant rate of earthquake production, ~ 3 events per day (ML ¡Ü 2.3), and a higher b-value (1.06) with respect to the fault hanging-wall (0.85) which is characterized by a higher rate of seismicity. In the ATF-zone we also observe the presence of clusters of earthquakes occurring with relatively short time delays and rupturing the same fault patch. To explain movements on the ATF, oriented at high angles (~75¡ã) to the maximum vertical principal stress, we suggest an interpretative model in which crustal extension along the fault is mostly accommodated by aseismic slip in velocity strengthening areas whilst micro-earthquakes occur in velocity weakening patches. We propose that these short-lived frictional instabilities are triggered by fluid overpressures related to the build-up of CO2¨Crich fluids as documented by boreholes in the footwall of the ATF.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10310
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Low angle normal faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 60
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 109-118, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 141-142, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(1/2), pp. 1-2, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 95-108, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 119-123, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(1/2), pp. 3-24, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 66
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 133-140, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 143-144, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 87-94, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(1/2), pp. 59-85, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(1/2), pp. 39-46, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(1/2), pp. 47-57, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 76(3), pp. 125-132, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-12-09
    Description: A mechanistic explanation for the accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), observed in coastal seas such as the Northern Adriatic Sea, is proposed here on the basis of numerical simulations of the marine ecosystem dynamics carried out with a coupled biogeochemical-circulation model. The biogeochemical model is based on the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) upgraded with a more detailed representation of the DOC-bacteria interactions and resolving different level of DOC lability/refractivity. The circulation model is the Adriatic Sea implementation of the Princeton Ocean Model. The analysis of simulations confirms the important role of the Po river nutrient input on the ecosystem dynamics and highlights the presence of a strong across-shelf trophic gradient that, affecting the Bacterial Growth Efficiency (BGE), could be a key factor for the DOC accumulation. The simulations show the importance of circulation features in modulating the exchanges between areas having different trophic structure such as the western coastal strip, strongly influenced by the Po river runoff, and the open sea areas in the centre of the northern Adriatic sub-basin. The DOC produced in the high energy system of the Po runoff coastal strip, characterized by high BGE, is transported toward the open areas, which is a more oligotrophic environment with lower BGE. In this area the DOC turnover time is strongly increased giving rise to the DOC accumulation.
    Description: The leading author of this paper was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship given to the Environmental Science graduate program of the University of Bologna at Ravenna and by the VECTOR project funded by the Italian Ministry of Research and University. N. Pinardi and M. Zavatarelli were partially supported by the MFSTEP project (EU contract EVK3-CT-2002-00075) and the ADRICOSM Project (funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Territory, Division of Environmental Research and Development). Icarus Allen and Marcello Vichi acknowledge the support by the EUR-OCEANS network of excellence (contract 511106).
    Description: Published
    Description: C03S20
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Carbon cycling ; Marine systems ; Ecosystems, structure and dynamics ; Biogeosciences ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 318
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Probabilistic Volcanic Hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    AGU
    In:  Citation: Tedesco, D., et al. (2007), Cooperation on Congo Volcanic and Environmental Risks, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(16), 177.
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Article
    Description: On 17 January 2002, the Nyiragongo volcano (1.52°S, 29.25°E, 3469 meters above sea level), located about 18 kilometers north of Lake Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo, erupted, releasing a volume of 14-34 million cubic meters of lava. Lava flows originated from north-south oriented fractures that rapidly developed along the southern flank of the volcano. Two lava flows divided the nearby city of Goma (~500,000 people) into two parts, forcing a rapid exodus of the population into Rwanda. One of these lava flows ran into Lake Kivu, encroaching 60 meters below lake level with a submerged lava volume of 1 million cubic meters. About 15% of the town was directly affected, leaving approximately 120,000 people homeless. At least 170 people died as a direct consequence of the eruption
    Description: American Geophysical Union
    Description: Published
    Description: 177-188
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Telemetered Seismic Network ; Effusive volcanism ; Volcanology ; Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 281-282, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 309-314, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 301-304, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 307-309, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 297, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 294-295, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 282-286, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 295-297, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 314-315, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 306-307, ISSN: 0032-2490
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 317, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 273-280, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 298-299, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 299-300, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 304-306, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 316, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 316, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 24(1/2), pp. 286-294, ISSN: 0032-2490
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