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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Tourmaline alteration and high boron contents are typical features of the magmatic-hydrothermal systems of the Bolivian tin province. The average boron content in melt inclusions of quartz phenocrysts from tin porphyry systems is 225 ppm (1σ-variation range: 110–420 ppm; n=12) and suggests a magmatic boron input to the hydrothermal tin systems, and not shallow post-magmatic leaching of boron from pelitic country rocks. Boron data from melt inclusions correlate positively with cesium, rubidium and arsenic, and negatively with lithium, titanium and zirconium, and define magmatic fractionation trends. The generally high B, As, Cs and Li contents in melt inclusions suggest involvement of pelitic source lithologies undepleted in these fluid-mobile components, i.e. first-cycle metamorphic rocks. Magmatic fractionation modified the trace-element contents within a one-log-unit range. Bulk-rock Nd isotope data (ɛNd−5 to −10) are in agreement with the dominantly intracrustal geochemical signature of the Bolivian tin porphyry systems, but also imply a variable but minor mantle input. The metallogeny of the tin belt is likely a consequence of intracrustal melting of Lower Paleozoic pelitic and slightly carbonaceous source material, combined with an extended magmatic evolution. The long-lived thermal preparation of the root zones of the silicic systems is provided by mafic magma which also leaves a chemical imprint in the form of the hybrid dacitic bulk composition of the tin porphyry systems.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 51 (1989), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Crystallization paths of basaltic (1763 eruption) and hawaiitic (1865 and 1329 eruptions) scoria from Etna were deduced from mineralogy and melt inclusion chemistry. The volatile behaviour was investigated through the study of melt inclusions trapped in the phenocrysts and those of the whole rocks and the matrix glasses. The results from the 1763 eruption point to the early crystallization of olivine Fo 81.7 from a water-rich alkaline basalt, with high Cl (1750–2000 ppm) and S (2100–2400 ppm) concentrations. The hawaiitic melt inclusions trapped in olivine Fo 74, salite and plagioclase are characterized by a decrease in Cl/K2O and S/K2O ratios. In each investigated system there is good correlation between K2O and P2O5. In the whole rocks, Cl ranges from 980 to 1680 ppm, from basaltic to hawaiitic lavas, whereas S (110–136 ppm) remains low. Cl and S behaviour in the 1763 magma suggests an early degassing stage of Cl and S, with CO2 and a water-rich gaseous phase for a pressure close to 100 MPa, consistent with a permanent outgassing at the summit craters of Etna. During the eruption, the sulphur remaining in the hawaiitic liquid is lost, and the degassing of chlorine is limited. Such a degassing model can be extended to the 1865 and 1329a.d. eruptions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 82 (1993), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 58 (1991), S. 227-231 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 56-57 (1991), S. 839-842 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Haiti glasses have a much lower volatile content than volcanic glasses3 and an H2O/CO2 ratio consistent with a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the confining gas phase2. Unlike young tektites, however, these Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (K/T) glasses are surrounded by a smectite ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 344-346 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 368 (1994), S. 326-330 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stromboli is a strato-volcano 3 km high, built upon the Tyrrhenian sea floor and rising 924 m above sea level7. Its typical activity consists of mildly explosive jets of incandescent gas and lava clots from summit crater vents (on average, 5-6 events of 5-10 s each per hour; refs 8-11 and ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les différentes étapes de la cristallisation des pyroclastes des Monti Rossi et Silvestri ont été reconstituées par l'étude des inclusions vitreuses intraminérales. L'olivine magnésienne (Fo 82) et le diopside cristallisent à partir d'un liquide basaltique de nature alcaline au cours de l'ascension, sous une forte pression de fluides liée à la quantité importante de gaz dissous (4 à 5% dont 2800–3500 ppm de S). L'« ouverture » du système s'accompagne de la démixtion d'environ 50% de la phase volatile dissoute. Les oxydes Fe-Ti, les olivines (Fo 74-75) et les salites cristallisent alors, à partir d'un liquide partiellement dégazé (2 à 2,5% d'éléments volatils, dont 1200 ppm de S), de composition hawaïtique, dans un domaine de température compris entre 1160 et 1140°C. Le plagioclase (An 82) se sépare tardivement dans un liquide dont la composition se rapproche de celle du liquide résiduel. Ce stade d'évolution qui s'accompagne d'une accumulation de gaz démixé, témoigne de conditions pré-éruptives de subsurface. Les teneurs anormalement élevées en fluides des basaltes alcalins etnéens comparées à celles de basaltes de même composition (par exemple dans les inclusions des Fo 82 du Piton de la Fournaise, Σ des volatils 2%, S=1200 ppm et Cl=200 à 400 ppm) nous ont conduit à envisager la contribution de l'encaissant sédimentaire. La présence dans les produits des Silvestri de nombreuses enclaves carbonatées (fassaïte, wollastonite, anorthite), argilo-schisteuses (plagioclase, hercynite, sulfures) et gréseuses (quartz, verres rhyolitiques), l'abondance des inclusions fluides (CO2, SO2) dans les minéraux néoformés, les témoignages de phénomènes locaux d'assimilation (verres riches en Ca, Si...) viennent renforcer l'idée du rôle de la contamination (au moins en ce qui concerne les fluides) par l'encaissant sédimentaire, négligée jusqu'ici dans le cas des laves de l'Etna.
    Notes: Abstract The melt inclusions trapped inside crystals have allowed the determination of the different crystallization steps, for the M. Rossi and M. Silvestri pyroclastic products. Magnesian olivine (Fo 82) and diopside crystallize from an alkali basaltic liquid, during ascent. The high concentration (4–5% with S=2800–3500 ppm) of volatiles in glass inclusions involves a strong fluid pressure. The release of about 50% of dissolved gases reflects the « opening » of the magmatic system. Therefore, olivine (Fo 74-70), salite and Fe-Ti oxydes, crystallize from an hawaiitic melt, with lower volatile content (2 to 2,5% with S=1200 ppm). The temperatures range from 1160°C to 1140°C. Plagioclase phenocrysts (An 82) grow later from a more evolved liquid. Equivalences of gas accumulation infer a pre-eruption crystallization. The unusual content of volatiles in the alkali basalts compared to equivalent oceanic basalts (2% with S=1200 ppm and Cl= 200 to 400 ppm in olivine melt inclusions from Piton de la Fournaise volcano) suggests a wall rock contribution. Numerous xenoliths of carbonates (with fassaite, wollastonite, anorthite assemblages), shale (with plagioclase, hercynite and sulfide) or sandstone (with quartz and rhyolitic glasses) have been found among the M. Silvestri products. Fluid inclusions in the minerals as well as local SiO2, CaO, FeO enrichments of the magmatic liquid infer partial assimilation of sedimentary rocks. All these observations support a contamination hypothesis, at least for the volatile phase.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Glass inclusions in olivine and diopside phenocrysts from pyroclasts of various eruptions of Vesuvius are representative of the magmas that supplied the volcano in the last 4–5000 years. During this interval the volcano alternated between open conduit activity (e.g. 1944 and 1906 eruptions) with long pauses interupted by Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions (e.g. 3360 B.P. “Avellino”, A.D. 79 “Pompei”, A.D. 472 “Pollena”). The eruptive behaviour was conditioned in all cases by the presence of shallow reservoirs: two cases are distinguished: (1) small and very shallow, 1906-type; (2) large and deeper Plinian-sub-Plinian magma chamber. Lapilli of 1906 lava fountains contain olivine (Fo89.5–90.4) including Cr-spinel [Cr/(Cr+Al)] (Cr#〉75) and volatile-K-rich tephritic glasses, which represent the first recognized Vesuvius primary magmas. Mg-poorer olivine (Fo83–89) also occurs in 1906 and 1944 products; it formed within the shallow reservoir, together with pyroxene and leucite, between 1200 and 1130°C, from K-tephritic melts (MgO=6–8 wt%). The Plinian and sub-Plinian pumices contain diopside, phlogopite and minor olivine (Fo85–87) representing adcumulates wrenched from the chamber walls. Glass inclusions in diopside (and some olivine) range from K-basalt to K-tephrite (MgO=6–8 wt%), with homogenization temperature of 1130–1170°C. They have been regarded as representative of the magmas supplying the Plinian-sub-Plinian chamber(s). The Avellino glass inclusions have K-basaltic compositions, contrasting with the mostly K-tephritic Pompei and Pollena inclusions. They display lower C1 and P contents with respect to the younger tephritic melts, and these variations should reflect primary features of the mantle-derived magmas. The primary and the near-primary Vesuvius magmas, as illustrated by melt inclusions, emphasize high K, P and volatile (H2O, Cl, F, S) contents, with high K2O/H2O (2–2.5), Cl/F (2.5) and Cl/S (2–3) ratios, consistent with a metasomatized mantle source, and distinguishing the Vesuvius potassic primary magmas from those of the northern part of the Roman Province.
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