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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: living marine resources ; Forecasting ; prediction ; fish ; Fisheries ; Seasonal to Decadal Prediction ; Climate services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores fishing livelihoods in the context of the wider contexts in which they are embedded. Drawing on case studies from across the Asia-Pacific region, the book highlights how fishing livelihoods are shaped by globalisation, social relationships and governance. The book concludes by showing how better understanding these relationships can contribute to governance for healthier ecosystems and social wellbeing. This is an open access book. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; marine social science ; fishing livelihoods in the Asia-Pacific ; sustainable fishing ; environmental sustainability ; food security ; coastal conservation ; fish stocks ; fisheries governance ; Fishing livelihoods and social diversity ; Fishing livelihoods and wellbeing ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography and topography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Open Poland
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.
    Keywords: Discourse ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Nature ; Oceania ; Resilience ; Environmental Ethics ; Environmental Change ; Worldview ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFH Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge::JFHF Folklore, myths & legends ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology::PSXM Medical anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 336-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Humans ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nuclear polymorphisms ; Heteroplasmy ; Genetic differentiation ; Sickle cell ; Rain forest refuges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The identification of genetically coherent populations is essential for understanding human evolution. Among the culturally uniform ethnic groups of west Africa, there are two geographically distinct populations with high frequencies of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS). Although the HbS mutation in each group is found on distinguishable chromosomes 11, these populations have been assumed to be parts of a single population. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these populations demonstrated that the two populations identified by alternative chromosomes 11 bearing HbS have distinct distributions of mitochondrial genotypes, i.e., they are maternally separate. These studies also showed that, contrary to expectation, the mtDNA of some individuals is heteroplasmic. For nuclear loci, a comparison of the frequency of alternative alleles established that these populations are genetically distinct. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear data indicate that these populations have been separate for approximately 50,000 years. Although HbS in the two populations is usually attributed to recent, independent mutations, the duration of the separation and the observed geographic distribution of the population allow for the possibility of an ancient origin of HbS. Assuming an ancient mutation and considering the known biogeography, we suggest that HbS protected selected populations from malaria in rain forest refuges during the most recent ice age.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Alu source genes ; Humans ; Gorillas ; Retrotransposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A member of the young PV Alu sub-family is detected in chimpanzee DNA showing that the PV subfamily is not specific to human DNA. This particular Alu is absent from the orthologous loci in both human and gorilla DNAs, indicating that PV subfamily members transposed within the chimpanzee lineage following the divergence of chimpanzee from both gorilla and human. These findings and previous reports describing the transpositional activity of other Alu sequences within the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee lineages provide phylogenetic evidence for the existence of multiple Alu source genes. Sequences surrounding this particular Alu resemble known transcriptional control elements associated with RNA polymerase III, suggesting a mechanism by which cis-acting elements might be acquired upon retrotransposition.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 442-449 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Humans ; Mouse ; Rat ; Codon usage ; Mutation bias ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new statistical test has been developed to detect selection on silent sites. This test compares the codon usage within a gene and thus does not require knowledge of which genes are under the greatest selection, that there exist common trends in codon usage across genes, or that genes have the same mutation pattern. It also controls for mutational biases that might be introduced by the adjacent bases. The test was applied to 62 mammalian sequences, the significant codon usage biases were detected in all three species examined (humans, rats, and mice). However, these biases appear not to be the consequence of selection, but of the first base pair in the codon influencing the mutation pattern at the third position.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Flushing ; Scouring ; Channel Maintenance ; Fisheries ; Trinity River
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The operation of Trinity and Lewiston Dams on the Trinity River in northern California in the United States, combined with severe watershed erosion, has jeopardized the existence of prime salmonid fisheries. Extreme streamflow depletion and stream sedimentation below Lewiston have resulted in heavy accumulation of coarse sediment on riffle gravel and filling of streambed pools, causing the destruction of spawning, nursery, and overwintering habitat for prized chinook salmon (Salmo gairdnerii) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). Proposals to restore and maintain the degraded habitat include controlled one-time remedial peak flows or annual maintenance peak flows designed to flush the spawning gravel and scour the banks, deltas, and pools. The criteria for effective channel restoration or maintenance by streambed flushing and scouring are examined here, as well as the mechanics involved. The liabilities of releasing mammoth scouring-flushing flows approximating the magnitude that preceded reservoir construction make this option unviable. The resulting damage to fish habitat established under the postproject streamflow regime, as well as damage to human settlements in the floodplain, would be unacceptable, as would the opportunity costs to hydroelectric and irrigation water users. The technical feasibility of annual maintenance flushing flows depends upon associated mechanical and structural measures, particularly instream maintenance dredging of deep pools and construction of a sediment control dam on a tributary where watershed erosion is extreme. The cost effectiveness of a sediment dam with a limited useful economic life, combined with perpetual maintenance dredging, is questionable.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 151-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Grass carp ; Biological control ; Nuisance aquatic weeds ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Reproductive requirements ; Arkansas management plan ; Sterile hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) were introduced into the United States in 1963 as potential biological control agents for nuisance aquatic weeds. Since that time an oftentimes bitter controversy has raged over its effects on sportfishing, and its possible natural reproduction and naturalization in North America. This review considers the history, ecology, and present status of grass carp in the United States in light of the voluminous scientific research conducted since its importation. Particular attention is given to the role of grass carp in the fisheries management plans of Arkansas. Recent development of a sterile, triploid grass carp hybrid may lead to widespread use of grass carp to control nuisance aquatic weeds in culturally eutrophicated waters of the United States.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research DNAging 237 (1990), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0921-8734
    Keywords: Aging ; Humans ; Ionizing radiation ; Single cell electrophoresis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10 (1991), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Humans ; Noninvasive analytical techniques ; Oxidative stress status
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 6 (1985), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Assortative mating ; Genetic similarity ; Heritability ; Humans ; Kin recognition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 8 (1987), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Humans ; Paternity confidence ; Relatedness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research DNAging 256 (1991), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 0921-8734
    Keywords: Ageing ; Humans ; Skin cells ; Telomeres
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 1 (1980), S. 55-57 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: ACTH ; Aging ; Attention ; Cognition ; Humans ; MSH ; Peptide ; Visual retention
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 4 (1983), S. 451-455 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Biliary system ; Cat ; Guinea-pig ; Humans ; Mucosa ; Rabbit ; Radioimmunoassay ; Respiratory system ; Skin ; Substance P ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Urinary system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Autocrine feedback mechanism ; Cholecystokinin ; Feeding ; Humans ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 10 (1989), S. 489-492 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Blood ; Humans ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; [des-Leu^1^0]-angiotensin I
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 5 (1984), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Circulation ; Electromagnetic flowmetry ; Humans ; VIP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39 (1994), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Keywords: Cats ; Foraging ; Humans ; Livestock ; Predators ; Vampire bats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41 (1994), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Keywords: Fear ; Handling ; Humans ; Poultry ; Productivity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0165-7992
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Dogs ; Humans ; Monkeys ; P-448-H ; Rats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 304 (1994), S. 285-294 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Keywords: Cotinine ; Genetic monitoring ; Hprt mutation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Pregnancy ; Smoking ; Tobacco
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Marine Policy 7 (1983), S. 197-211 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management ; Property rights
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Atlantic ; Fisheries ; Management
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Economic measurements ; Fisheries ; Pacific
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 7 (1983), S. 267-278 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; Resource management
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 8 (1984), S. 239-258 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Fisheries ; Krill
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 9 (1985), S. 220-236 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Resource economics, UK
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 8 (1984), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Fisheries ; International organizations ; Management
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 9 (1985), S. 39-52 
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    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Marine resources
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 219-235 
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    Keywords: Canada ; Fisheries ; Foreign relations
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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  • 39
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    Marine Policy 9 (1985), S. 120-125 
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    Keywords: Exclusive Economic Zones ; Fisheries ; Law of the Sea
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 9 (1985), S. 126-133 
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    Keywords: Fisheries ; Government ; USA
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 27-42 
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    Keywords: Fisheries ; International law ; United Nations Organization
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 43-57 
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    Keywords: Atlantic ; Fisheries ; Management
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marketing ; UK
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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  • 44
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    Marine Policy 6 (1982), S. 66-68 
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    Keywords: Fisheries ; Regional government organizations ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
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  • 45
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    Journal of Thermal Biology 5 (1980), S. 249-251 
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Humans ; exercise ; hyperthermia ; oesophageal temperature
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Phosphorus ; Contaminants ; Ecosystem ; Management ; Simulation model ; Great Lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simulation model was developed to describe linkages among fish food web, nutrient cycling, and contaminant processes in the southern basin of Lake Michigan. The model was used to examine possible effects of management actions and an exotic zooplankter (Bythotrephes) on Lake Michigan food web and contaminant dynamics. The model predicts that contaminant concentrations in salmonines will decrease by nearly 20% ifBythotrephes successfully establishes itself in the lake. The model suggests that this decrease will result from lowered transfer efficiencies within the food web and increased flux of contaminants to the hypolimnion. The model also indicates that phosphorus management will have little effect on contaminant concentrations in salmonines. The modeling exercise helped identify weaknesses in the data base (e.g., incomplete information on contaminant loadings and on the biomass, production, and ecological efficiencies of dominant organisms) that should be corrected in order to make reliable management decisions.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Reservoir ; Fisheries ; Breeding and wintering waterbirds ; Raising water levels ; Habitat change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new, higher dam was installed at Kerkini Reservoir in 1982, causing habitat and landscape disruption. A decrease in the area of grassland and shallow water areas, the rapid disappearance of reedbeds, the appearance of beds ofNymphaea, and the disappearance of half the forest area were all observed between 1982 and 1991. With the new hydrological regime, a lacustrine system was created, with an extensive, rather deep (4–8 m), pelagic zone favorable for the development of coarse fish species throughout the year. After 1982, an increase in fishing effort and a change in the relative abundance of fish species in the catch, including the disappearance of eels and wels, were observed. The impact of the rise in the water level of breeding aquatic birds led to a general decline in species typical of marshy habitats in favor of species preferring deeper open water habitats. A decrease was recorded in bird species that feed largely on invertebrates and to a lesser extent fish (e.g., glossy ibis) and that require extensive shallow feeding areas. There was a decline in geese, whose nests were regularly flooded, and a major increase in piscivorous birds, particularly diving birds (e.g., cormorants), which prefer deeper open water and benefitted directly from the large increase in coarse fish biomass. The disappearance of birds breeding in flooded meadows (e.g., black-winged stilts) and of those restricted to reedbeds (e.g., marsh harrier) occurred from 1983. Over the same period, the changes in populations of wintering birds at Kerkini were different from those occurring in other wetlands in northern Greece. The changes recorded in the populations of wintering birds at Kerkini did not therefore result from overall regional trends but from the major habitat modifications that occurred to this wetland. As for breeding birds, strictly piscivorous species increased greatly as a result of the increased availability of fish, but also due to the appearance of many suitable night roosting sites (flooded trees) and to the great increase in the area of open water greater than 2 m deep. Today, Kerkini has become the most important breeding site in Greece for a majority of colonial waterbirds. In contrast, wintering shorebirds practically disappeared. The many changes recorded in the status of breeding and wintering birds at Kerkini can mostly be explained by the changes that occurred in the functioning of the ecosystem and in the habitat structure following the inauguration of the new hydrological regime. These changes did not all occur at the same time: some were immediate and others required a delay before they could be detected.
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    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 523-539 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Water control ; Floodplain ; Fisheries ; Bangladesh ; Chandpur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Bangladesh is a very flat delta built up by the Ganges—Brahmaputra—Meghna/Barak river systems. Because of its geographical location, floods cause huge destruction of lives and properties almost every year. Water control programs have been undertaken to enhance development through mitigating the threat of disasters. This structural approach to flood hazard has severely affected floodplain fisheries that supply the major share of protein to rural Bangladesh, as exemplified by the Chandpur Irrigation Project. Although the regulated environment of the Chandpur project has become favorable for closed-water cultured fish farming, the natural open-water fishery loss has been substantial. Results from research show that fish yields were better under preproject conditions. Under project conditions per capita fish consumption has dropped significantly, and the price of fish has risen beyond the means of the poor people, so that fish protein in the diet of poor people is gradually declining. Bangladesh is planning to expand water control facilities to the remaining flood-prone areas in the next 15–20 years. This will cause further loss of floodplain fisheries. If prices for closed-water fish remain beyond the buying power of the poor, alternative sources of cheap protein will be required.
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    Environmental management 3 (1979), S. 133-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Coastal zone Management ; Fisheries ; Marshes ; Wetlands ; Louisiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines causes and consequences of wetland losses in coastal Louisiana. Land loss is a cumulative impact, the result of many impacts both natural and artificial. Natural losses are caused by subsidence, decay of abandoned river deltas, waves, and storms. Artificial losses result from flood-control practices, impoundments, and dredging and subsequent erosion of artificial channels. Wetland loss also results from spoil disposal upon wetlands and land reclamation projects. Total land loss in Louisiana's coastal zone is at least 4,300 ha/year. Some wetlands are converted to spoil banks and other eco-systems so that wetland losses are probably two to three times higher. Annual wetland losses in the Barataria Bay basin are 2.6% of the wetland area. Human activities are the principal determinants of land loss. The present total wetland area directly lost because of canals may be close to 10% if spoil area is included. The interrelationship between hydrology, land, vegetation, substrate, subsidence, and sediment supply are complicated; however, hydrologic units with high canal density are generally associated with higher rates of land loss and the rate may be accelerating. Some cumulative impacts of land loss are increased saltwater intrusion, loss of capacity to buffer the impact of storms, and large additions of nutrients. One measure of the impact is that roughly $8–17 × 106 (U.S.A.) of fisheries products and services are lost annually in Louisiana. Viewed at the level of the hydrologic unit, land loss transcends differences in local vegetation, substrate, geology, and hydrology. Land management should therefore focus at that level of organization. Proper guideline recommendations require an appreciation of the long-term interrelations of the wetland estuarine system.
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    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
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    Animal cognition 1 (1998), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Keywords: Key words Shape from shading ; Visual search ; Texture segregation ; Chimpanzees ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The perception of shape from shading was tested in two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and five humans (Homo sapiens), using visual search tasks. Subjects were required to select and touch an odd item (target) from among uniform distractors. Humans found the target faster when shading was vertical than when it was horizontal, consistent with results of previous research. Both chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern: they found the target faster when shading was horizontal. The same difference in response was found in texture segregation tasks. This difference between the species could not be explained by head rotation or head shift parallel to the surface of the monitor. Furthermore, when the shaded shape was changed from a circle to a square, or the shading type was changed from gradual to stepwise, the difference in performance between vertical and horizontal shading disappeared in chimpanzees, but persisted in humans. These results suggest that chimpanzees process shading information in a different way from humans.
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    Agriculture and human values 17 (2000), S. 125-139 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; Fordism ; Nation-State ; Regulation ; Supranational State ; Transnational corporations ; Transnational State
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This analysis uses an analytical frameworkgrounded in political economy perspectives of theglobalization of the agro-food sector combined with acase study approach focusing on the Marine StewardshipCouncil (MSC) to inform discussions regarding thecharacteristics of societal regulation in thepost-Fordist era. More specifically, this analysisuses the case of the emergence of the MSC toinvestigate propositions regarding the existence of,and location of, nascent forms of a transnationalState. The MSC proposes to regulate the certificationof sustainable fisheries at the global level throughan eco-labeling program. The MSC was created in 1996by the transnational environmental organization theWorld Wildlife Fund and the transnational corporationUnilever. The emergence of the MSC has generatedheated discussion in fisheries management circles thatis in general divided along North/South lines. Thisanalysis indicates that the case of the MSC providesvaluable insights into the possible characteristics ofsupranational regulatory mechanisms that might emulatethe role of the nation-State in the post-Fordist era.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 2 (1977), S. 241-259 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Production ; Fisheries ; Population dynamics ; Energetics ; Fishes ; Competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Production rates of seven species of fishes were determined for one year in a 0.95 ha pond. Total annual production of all fishes in the pond was 209 g m−2y−1 (after the subtraction of 16.2 g m−2y−1 of negative production). Over 90% of the production occurred in the months of June through September, with young-of-the-year fishes contributing 84% of the total. When Y of Y fishes shifted to benthic diets in the spring, the small biomass of benthos available could not sustain the large biomas of fish. Severe competition for the available food then resulted in decreased production rates for the entire fish taxocene.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 27 (1990), S. 303-308 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Fish introductions ; Africa ; Cichlids ; Barbus ; Haplochromis ; Lake management ; Fisheries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Cyprinid fishes apparently constituted the major part of the original fish fauna in Lake Luhondo, Rwanda, at least until 1934. At that time only three species, all cyprinids, were known from the lake:Barbus neumayeri, a small barbel, very common in the lake (described from the lake asBarbus luhondo) and two larger cyprinid species:Barbus microbarbis andVaricorhinus ruandae. These two large species were probably not very common in the lake. Between 1935 and 1938 some youngTilapia were introduced into Lake Luhondo. Since then and certainly since 1952 the large cyprinids seem to have disappeared completely from the lake. The smallBarbus neumayeri has become extremely rare; at present it survives only in some small tributaries of the lake. In the lake itselfTilapia andHaplochromis species are now the dominant fauna. A survey of the available information is given.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 30 (1991), S. 253-271 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Rockfish ; Longevity ; Reproductive value ; Fisheries ; Scorpaenidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The characteristics of lightly and heavily exploited Pacific ocean perch,Sebastes alutus, stocks are evaluated relative to the predictions of life history theory. These long-lived species (50–100 year lifespan) show limited phenotypic plasticity and have little buffering against the effects of reduced lifespan. Reduced stock abundance has generated some compensatory increase in growth rate. Length at first maturity varies only slightly with increased growth rate, although age at maturity may decrease by 1–4 years. Grooth increases yield larger (15–20%) size at age and increased reproductive effort at younger ages, but lower size-specific fecundity for these faster-growing fish. This suggests an energy allocation protocol favouring growth over reproduction in these long-lived animals. Rockfishes have late recruitment to fisheries (ages 10–15), and the detection time for results of management actions is equally long. Their vulnerability to overfishing means that indices of population changes, more representative of fishing effects than the catch rate index presently used, are required. Reproductive value indices are shown to be extremely sensitive and continuous with population abundance changes. Their incorporation into monitoring programs would permit more timely evaluation of management actions. Management policies developed for shorter-lived species are shown to be inappropriate for rockfishes. The need for an improved match in the time frame of the species' life history, and that of management strategies, is stressed.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 381-391 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Irrigation ; Reproductive seasonality ; Sarotherodon galilaeus ; Species richness ; Water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis A preliminary study of the ecology and commercial fish catches was carried out in the Toho-Todougba, Ahouangan and Dati lakes (1500 ha) in southern Benin (West Africa) over a period of 18 consecutive months. Water quality, species richness, and the reproductive biology of the dominant species, Sarotherodon galilaeus, were examined. Unlike Lagoon Toho-Todougba, lakes Ahouangan and Dati are less favourable for fish production because of their high total iron content and their relative low pH. The study revealed the existence of 19 species belonging to eleven (11) families: 16 species in Lagoon Toho-Todougba,12 in Lake Ahouangan, and 7 in Lake Dati. Lakes Ahouangan and Dati had a relatively high faunal similarity whereas Lagoon Toho-Todougba exhibited a relatively low faunal similarity with the former systems. In Lagoon Toho-Todougba, six cichlid species were the most important component of the fishery: Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia guineensis, T. zillii, T. mariae, Chromidotilapia guntheri, Hemichromis fasciatus. Three catfish species Chrysichthys auratus, Clarias agboyiensis, and Clarias lazera were harvested in low abundances. Some other fish, such as Polypterus senegalus senegalus, Protopterus annectens and Heterotis niloticus were captured sporadically, with H. niloticus appearing more consistently in catches than the others. Although not abundant, Gymnarchus niloticus and the African pike, Hepsetus odoe, were almost always present in the catches. Ctenopoma kingsleyae appeared only in Ahouangan. Some predatory species, such as Notopterus afer and Xenomystus nigri, are encountered only in lakes Ahouangan and Dati. In Lagoon Toho-Todougba, Sarotherodon galilaeus had a sex ratio (♂: ♀) of 0.49:1, and size at maturation was estimated as 12.3 cm TL. The spawning period extended from May to September with the peak occurring in July. Fecundity was correlated to log-body length (r = 0.74) and log-body weight (r = 0.76). Fish catches were estimated at 389 kg ha−1 year−1; about 73% of which was Sarotherodon galilaeus. The overexploitation of juvenile fish and the use of this lagoon for the irrigation of palm tree plantations have reduced fish recruitment and mean size.
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    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Chondrichthyes ; Elasmobranchs ; Fisheries ; Ageing methods ; Growth rates ; Gestation periods ; Maturity ; Vertebral bands ; Weight-length relationships ; Life histories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, and scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini, represent 〉80% of the shark by-catch of the winter swordfish/tuna longline fishery of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. This catch represents a potential supplemental fishery, yet little is known of the life histories of the two species. This report relates reproductive biology data to age and growth estimates for 135 C. falciformis and 78 S. lewini. Unlike other regional populations, C. falciformis in the Gulf of Mexico may have a seasonal 12 month gestation period. Males mature at 210–220 cm TL (6–7 yr); females at 〉225 cm TL (7–9 yr). Application of age at length data for combined sexes produced von Bertalanffy growth model parameter estimates of L∞ = 291 cm TL, K = 0.153, t0 = −2.2 yr. Adult male S. lewini outnumbered adult females in catches because of differences in the distributions of the sexually segregated population. Males mature at 180 cm TL (10 yr); females at 250 cm TL (15 yr). von Bertalanffy parameter estimates for combined sexes of this species were L∞ = 329 cm TL, K = 0.073, to = −2.2 yr.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 23 (1988), S. 141-154 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cyanide ; Diversity ; Development ; Ecology ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The biological diversity and productivity of Philippine coral reefs are threatened by siltation, destructive fishing methods, coral and shell collecting and overfishing. Destructive fishing includes: the widespread, illegal use of explosives; poisons such as sodium cyanide; muro-ami and kayakas fishing; and trawling. The recent decline in catch rates threatens the livelihood of 700 000 near-shore subsistence fishermen who catch 55% of the total landings. The new government under Corazon Aquino wishes to protect the marine environment through the creation of a viable marine conservation management plan, enforcement of existing laws and through cooperation between government, non-government and international agencies to provide education and research. The Department of Agriculture, which has the authority for fisheries, has designated the International Marinelife Alliance as the lead non-government agency involved with fund raising, net-training and finding alternatives to destructive fishing methods.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 35 (1992), S. 187-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: California ; Elasmobranchs ; Exploitation ; Fisheries ; Life history ; Tagging ; Triakidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The age, growth, and sexual maturation of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, from central California were studied. Growth band counts in vertebral centra of 162 leopard sharks produced von Bertalanffy growth curves with L∞, K. and to parameters of 1536 mm. 0.082, and -2.31, respectively, for both sexes combined. The L8 value for females (1602 mm TL) was slightly but insignificantly higher than for males (1499 mm TL), but the K and to values were almost identical. Seasonal changes in size modes of young-of-the-year leopard sharks, centrum edge characteristics, and growth and tetracycline mark-recapture from the field were used to validate annual deposition of vertebral centrum band pairs. Sexual maturity was evaluated by the gonads and presence of sperm and eggs; males mature at 7 yr and at about 63% of asymptotic length, and females mature at 10 yr, and at about 72% of asymptotic length. This slow growth, late maturity, and relatively low fecundity may increase their susceptibility to over-exploitation.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 45 (1996), S. 219-235 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Ecology ; Behaviour ; Evolution ; Cichlids ; Fisheries ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Ecological conditions in tropical lacustrine systems are considered by focusing on the evolution, maintenance, exploitation and vulnerability of fish communities in the African Great Lakes. The exceptionally high biodiversities in the littoral/sublittoral zones of the very ancient, deep, clear, permanently stratified rift lakes Tanganyika and Malawi, are contrasted with the simpler systems in their pelagic zones, also with biodiversity in the much younger, shallower Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 7 (1982), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Temperature ; Behavior ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Fish ; Marine juveniles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Sixteen yearling winter flounder, tested individually for 3-day periods in electronic shuttleboxes, voluntarily occupied an 8–27°C range of temperature, with a modal final thermal preferendum of 18.5°C (mean 18.7°C, median 19°C, midpoint 17.5°C, s.d. 1.9°C, S k + 0.33). The locomotor activity pattern of the yearling fish in the laboratory was markedly nocturnal, with mean hourly nocturnal activity exceeding mean hourly diurnal activity by a factor of 3.4. Maximum activity occurred at 0300 EST, minimum activity at 1400 EST. While activity generally increased with temperature, a local activity minimum occurred at 18.7°C, coinciding with the 24-hour mean final thermal preferendum. Comparison of these laboratory data with previously published field data suggest that behavioral responses to temperature and light play significant roles in determining age- and size-specific differences in seasonal depth stratification and onshore-offshore distributions in this species.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cyprinids ; Ethiopia ; Morphotypes ; Food-niche ; Biodiversity ; Feeding ; Evolution ; Fisheries ; Resource partitioning ; Piscivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis In October–December 1990, the large barbs (Barbus) that contribute more than 35% of the catch in lake Tana (northern Ethiopia) were studied. Previous authors (Rüppell 1837, Boulenger 1902,1911, Bini 1940) described from 6 to 23 (sub)species for the lake. Banister (1973) lumped all of these into one subspecies: Barbus intermedius intermedius Rüppell,1837. We found that the Lake Tana Barbus could be readily categorized in at least 13 discrete morphotypes, some of which were already distinguished by local fishermen. None of the known descriptions are adequate to distinguish the barbs unambiguously, which is important for monitoring and management of developing fisheries. Intermediates between morphotypes were rare (〈 10%). By applying canonical discriminant analysis on a set of 17 morphometric characters (including some directly associated with feeding) our initial morphotype-distinction was confirmed. Also, differences between the morphotypes in distribution, related to depth and substratum were found, as well as differences in intestinal contents, a key to the food-niche. The high number of piscivorous morphotypes (8 out of 13) was striking as piscivory is relatively rare among cyprinids. Piscivory was found to be highly correlated with morphological (feeding related) characters. The presence of discrete morphotypes, that also differ in food-niche and distribution, strongly suggests that several distinct populations exist, that may be (partly or completely) reproductively segregated. Knowledge about these populations, that may represent separate units of fish stock, is of crucial importance for the management of sustainable fisheries and protection of the biodiversity in Lake Tana. It is possible that several species or even a unique cyprinid species flock are present, that urgently need protection.
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  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Assessment ; Cancer ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Mushroom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in theAgaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. By adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushroom needed to induce the same effect, it becomes obvious that we have accounted for less than 2% of the carcinogenic components of theAgaricus bisporus mushroom. Since some unavailable data handicapped this assessment, it should be regarded as tentative and subject to further adjustment.
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 277-304 
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: Systems of Knowledge ; Local Knowledge ; Fisheries ; Resource Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract During the last 20 years, the existence of rich systems of local knowledge, and their vital support to resource use and management regimes, has been demonstrated in a wide range of biological, physical and geographical domains, such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and agroforestry, medicine, and marine science and fisheries. Local knowledge includes empirical and practical components that are fundamental to sustainable resource management. Among coastal-marine fishers, for example, regular catches and, often, long-term resource sustainment are ensured through the application of knowledge that encompasses empirical information on fish behaviour, marine physical environments, fish habitats and the interactions among ecosystem components, as well as complex fish taxonomies. Local knowledge is therefore an important cultural resource that guides and sustains the operation of customary management systems. The sets of rules that compose a fisheries management system derive directly from local concepts and knowledge of the resources on which the fishery is based. Beyond the practical and the empirical, it is essential to recognise the fundamental socio-cultural importance of local knowledge to any society. It is through knowledge transmission and socialisation that worldviews are constructed, social institutions perpetuated, customary practices established, and social roles defined. In this manner, local knowledge and its transmission, shape society and culture, and culture and society shape knowledge. Local knowledge is of great potential practical value. It can provide an important information base for local resources management, especially in the tropics, where conventionally-used data are usually scarce to non-existent, as well as providing a shortcut to pinpoint essential scientific research needs. To be useful for resources management, however, it must be systematically collected and scientifically verified, before being blended with complementary information derived from Western-based sciences. But local knowledge should not be looked on with only a short-term utilitarian eye. Arguments widely accepted for conserving biodiversity, for example, are also applicable to the intellectual cultural diversity encompassed in local knowledge systems: they should be conserved because their utility may only be revealed at some later date or owing to their intrinsic value as part of the world's global heritage. At least in cultures with a Western liberal tradition, more than lip-service is now being paid to alternative systems of knowledge. The denigration of alternative knowledge systems as backward, inefficient, inferior, and founded on myth and ignorance has recently begun to change. Many such practices are a logical, sophisticated and often still-evolving adaptation to risk, based on generations of empirical experience and arranged according to principles, philosophies and institutions that are radically different from those prevailing in Western scientific circles, and hence all-but incomprehensible to them. But steadfastly held prejudices remain powerful. In this presentation I describe the 'design principles' of local knowledge systems, with particular reference to coastal-marine fishing communities, and their social and practical usefulness. I then examine the economic, ideological and institutional factors that combine to perpetuate the marginalisation and neglect of local knowledge, and discuss some of the requirements for applying local knowledge in modern management.
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  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 21 (1993), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Work of breathing ; Inspiratory pressure-time integral ; Respiratory modeling ; Dogs ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We hypothesized that the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system should have significant implications for the energetically optimal frequency of breathing, in view of the fact that these properties cause marked dependencies of overall system resistance and elastance on frequency. To test our hypothesis we simulated two models of canine and human respiratory system mechanics during sinusoidal breathing and calculated the inspiratory work ( $$\dot W$$ ) and pressure-time integral (PTI) per minute under both resting and exercise conditions. The two models were a two-compartment viscoelastic model and a single-compartment model. Requiring minute alveolar ventilation to be fixed, we found that both models predicted almost identical optimum breathing frequencies. The calculated PTI was very insensitive to increases in breathing frequency above the optimal frequencies, while $$\dot W$$ was found to increase slowly with frequency above its optimum. In contrast, both $$\dot W$$ and PTI increased sharply as frequency decreased below their respective optima. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model predictions were very insensitive to the elastance and resistance values chosen to characterize tissue viscoelasticity. We conclude that the $$\dot W$$ criterion for choosing the frequency of breathing is compatible with observations in nature, whereas the optimal frequency predictions of the PTI are rather too high. Both criteria allow for a fairly wide margin of choice in frequency above the optimum values without incurring excessive additional energy expenditure. Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system tissues do not pose a noticeable problem to the respiratory controller in terms of energy expenditure.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) is one of valuable fishes of the Caspian sea for people living in the Northern coastal area of Iran. Since fish stock and natural resources protection is one the Iranian fisheries research objectives, the most activity on Caspian trout rehabilitation was focused on releasing thousands of smolts in the rivers discharge to Caspian Sea. Catch statistics of this species has declined over last decades thus this study on quality of provided brood stocks and producing fries with suitable quality can help rehabilitation and rearing of this valuable species. Several rivers were considered for providing brooders to keep genetic resources variety of sea stocks. In spawning season 25 (9 male, 16 female) and 30 (5 male, 25 female) brooders were collected from fishermen in Mazandaran rivers and Gyilan coasts provinces respectively. After propagation and larvae rearing, 11500 (10-15 g.) and 50000 (less than 10 g.) juveniles were released in Gyilan and Mazandaran rivers respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian trout ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Brood stocks ; Rehabilitation ; Fisheries ; Species ; Rearing ; Genetic ; Propagation ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 32pp.
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: An artificial Reef is a fabricated, underwater structure, typically built for promoting marine life in areas of generally featureless bottom. Creating artificial reefs began from 2000 in southern provinces in Iran. This study has surveyed about the Bushehr and Khozestan states. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of artificial reefs in attracting and enhancing the production different aquatics through increasing of fish assemblage and fishery. The performance of artificial reefs deployed off the coast of the Persian Gulf in 10 to 15m, was evaluated. The reefs comprised of seven artificial and one control (natural) statistical tests plan in three replicates. Three types of artificial reefs were used in this study. That two were designed reefs and one was not designed or used material. The experimental plan consisted (i) Reef ball (R), designed hemispherical shaped; (ii) Laneh Mahi (L), designed pyramid shaped; (iii) Used material (U); (iv) mixed (RL); (v) mixed (RU); (vi) mixed (LU); (vii) mixed (RLU); and (viii) control site (CS). Trap nets and under-water visual census surveys were adopted for seasonal sampling of fish aggregation. Results of statistical analysis using ANOVA and T-test of the mean Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) showed significant difference (p〈0.05) in term of computing number of fish for aggregation of fishes. The study has concluded that reef deployments have influenced favorably the fish communities and fish harvests. Therefore, the artificial reefs, especially the mixed RLU, are appropriate tools for future fishing enhancement in the Persian Gulf of Iran.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artificial reefs ; Fisheries ; Marine ; Survey ; Hemispherical ; ANOVA ; CPUE ; Underwater structure
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 188pp.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculure and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. these areas(North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions,and production time table. Survey was started frome 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces.results revieled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock Enhancement ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Bony fishes ; Sturgeon fishes ; Restocking ; Aquatic ; Culture ; Aquaculure ; Fisheries ; Breeding ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 191pp.
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Ministère de l'économie et des Finances
    Description: Published
    Description: Pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle,pêche maritime,pêche sardinière, produits halieutiques,Transformation,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery products ; Marine fish ; Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: pêcherie; gestion des ressources; cymbium; poulpe; crevette
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Biodiversity ; Fishery resources ; Biodiversity ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Fishery resources ; Bait fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper
    Format: 2371081 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27
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  • 72
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Fondée sur l'intégration des principes et démarqhes des sciences de l'information et de la communication avec ceux du marketing social et relationnel, la stratégie de communicaton du Programme Girmac se décline sous la forme d'une vision globale, des objectifs généraux, des cibles ainsi que des activités et outils spécifiques de communication
    Description: Published
    Description: Girmac. strategie de communication
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Communication ; Fisheries ; Communication ; Information scientists ; Communication systems ; Marine environment ; Fisheries ; Canoe fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Beach seine is fishing gears that occupy all depths of water from surface to bed by non-gillnet net. Increasing non-standard catches caused this survive was done to standardization of the beach seine mesh size. The research was started from winter of 2017 to spring of 2017, performing 73 hauling with four mesh sizes of 26, 28, 30 and 33 mm (knot to knot) in the bag area of ​​the beach seine in Miankaleh region of Golestan Province. According to the mesh size used in the bag section, the results showed that the highest amount of catches from different mesh size was done in size of 26 mm. Also, the maximum lengths were found for Liza aurata, Risso, 1810 in different mesh size in the 30-35 cm class length and for Alosa caspia, Linck, 1790 for 35-40 cm and for Rutilus kutum, Kamensky, 1901 at 30 to 35 cm. Also, in the mesh size of 26 mm, 50 percent of Lisa fish was caught at the length of 24.87 centimeters, in mesh size of 30 mm, 25.66 centimeters and mesh size of 32 mm, 26.65 centimeters. Also, the length of 50% of the permitted catch was obtained 25.5 centimeters by using 30 mm mesh size. According to the results, it was found that the Beach seines in the region did not caught selective and did catch much fish below the standard length.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Alosa caspia ; Fisheries ; Beach seine ; Catch ; Mesh size
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.13-21
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The "fisheries and aquaculture industry innovation system" is one of the subsystems of Agricultural innovation system (AIS), also has many characteristics of that system .Since this section contains most of the components and AIS institutions, it can be examined as a part of the national innovation system. Due to the structure of the innovation system in the fishery system, a set of functions and institutions of this system are most important .It is therefore important that the system be analyzed and by reviewing the existing state institutions and functions of this system, the main problems and challenges identified. Understanding of the institutions and functions of fishery innovation system and analyze its problems and provide an improved model for fishery innovation system, is most activity in shaping major policy innovation in fishery sector. This step is very important to conduct innovative activities in the fishery sector. In this study, using a system perspective, the current status of the various factors affecting fishery development was assessed and the main drivers and challenges and solutions to improve the detection and analysis was provided. The results show that during the past eighty years, a number of research centers and educational institutions in the public sector have been developed .but this system, despite having considerable institutional capacity, is still in the middle stages of institutional development. In these years, the policy approach was linear, not system approach, so little attention has been to the development of science and technology intermediary institutions, coordinator organizations, venture capital funds, and the institutions of technology transfer ,particularly in the public sector.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Agricultural innovation system ; AIS
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 112pp.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 ( the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps . Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Economical ; Hamoun fish ; Schizothorax zarudnyi ; Breeding ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; Female ; Eggs ; Hormontrapy ; Sperm ; Ovulation ; Larvae ; Fisheries ; Earthen ponds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Babolroud River is one of the important rivers for fisheries and environmental aspect that locared in center part of Mazandaran province. The river has a span of 92 km starting from Albourz mountainous and end up at the southern part of Caspian Sea. This study was done for five months (3rd Feb. through 5th July, 2008) for the better understanding of pollution situation such as organophosphorous, organochlorine pesticides and agrochemical fertilizer that drainage from paddy fields and horticultures to the river. A total of three main sites for pesticides and plus five sub-sites for drainage were selected for observation in three different regions of the river (mountainous, plain and estuary). The organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides measured by GC (ECD and TSD detectors) with US-EPA (508) and AOAC procedure and agrochemical fertilizer parameters were measured by ASTM method. The maximum concentrations of aldrin, lindane, heptachlor epoxyde, DDE and β- BHC (period 1), δ- BHC and endrin (peiod 2), heptachlor and DDT (period 3), α- BHC (period 3 & 4), dieldrin (period 4) were 6.02, 0.85, 0.51, 0.50, 0.22, 0.35, 0.23, 0.50, 0.46, 0.19 and 0.16 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of four components of organophosphorous such as Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos (period 1), Malathion (period 2), Azinphos methyl (period 3) were 1.36, 0.46, 0.44 and 2.56 µg/l, respectively. The maximum amounts of tree components of parameters of agrochemichals fertilizers indictor such as total nitrogen (period 2, sub-site 5), total phosphorus and orthophosphate (period 4, sub-site 5) and organo-phosphorus (period 3, sub-site 4) were 5990, 1290, 1220 and 336 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides components in sediments of the river such as lindane (period 2, site 2), δ- BHC (period 1 site 3), α- endosulfan (period 1, site 2), endrin and heptachlor epoxide (period 2, site 2) and DDE (period 2, site 1) were 0.99 0.54, 0.29, 0.19 and 0.19 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides components in fish tissue of the river such as endosulfan sulfate, lindane, endrin, δ- BHC and DDE were 0.32, 0.29 0.27, 0.25 and 0.21 µg/l, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Agrochemicals ; Organochlorine ; Organophosphorus Pesticids ; Pollutants ; River Fish ; Sediments ; Pesticides ; Fertilizers ; Fisheries ; α- endosulfan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Artificial reefs are manmade materials deployed under water in order to improve invironment and increase the exploaitation of fishing area. Usage of artificial technic has developed due to increase of world pupolation and need to supply of protein, aim to restoring of natural spicialy rehabilitation of demersal fishes. It has effecte to increase the production in order sustainable exploitation. Coasts and Islands have destruction due to over harvesting from ecosystems and other activities by humans and natural, These caused many aquatic as demersal fishes has endangered in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The artificial reef is one way or method that can improve the environment and restore the aquatic. Iranian fisheries has established an artificial reefs area in west of Kish Island. This area has studied during one year, Data of assembeled fishes and physical sampling were collected in seasonal during spring, summer, autumn and winterd. Ther were tow tritment for sampling as artificial reefs site and a control site. Collected data has analyzed and evaluated by SPSS and Exel. The results showed that there was significant difference between the sites and assembled fishes in artificial reefs were more than control site. Consequently the artificial reefs can be a tool and technic to improve the marine environment and increase the production of fishes, especially the demersal fishes.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Coastal Development ; Fish Production ; Marine ; Artificial reefs ; Fisheries ; Population ; Environment ; Demersal fishes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Scientific and practical planning for achieving the lofty goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of development plan of 1404 is the requirement to achieve sustainable development. Establishing roadmap of industries and products was considered by the scientific and technology office of the deputy president, in order to achieve the abovementioned objectives and in line with the national scientific comprehensive map. Therefore, present study was conducted as the roadmap of national aquatic-food processing development using available approved documents e.g. Iran perspective of 1404, fifth developing plan of I.R. of Iran, developing plan of Iranian fisheries organization in 1400 and the available approved statistical data. Current perspective of the aquatic-food processing is presented at the first chapter of the study. The second chapter reviewed the problems and obstacles. Third chapter tabulated the published studies and researches in fish handling and processing so far. Finally fourth chapter recommends executive and research projects considering quantitative and qualitative objectives of Iran 1400 plan as well as fifth developing plan of Shilat-Iran (Iranian fisheries organization). Authors hope the study to be useful in the national planning of I. R. of Iran in the future.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Road-map ; Aquatic ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 97pp.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Status of fish consumption was analyzed by completing the 295 questionnaires in all 22 metropolitan regions of Tehran from different households in 2008. After reviewing the descriptive and statistics analysis along with the non-parametric statistics, the fish consumption per capita was extracted through formulas. The average and mode of purchasing of each household occurs 11 times per year with 5.1 Kg in each time. Considering the higher fish consumption growth rate in Iran, the sequence of interest in all kinds of protein is as follows: poultry, mutton, beef, Trout, wild fishes and Chinese carps. The highest interest of households to buy fish more than other protein resources is due to the nutrient value of it. An average of 33.2% purchasing is dedicated to the farmed fish. 59% of purchasers are interested to buy packed up fish products and pay attention to the label of nutrient values on the product package. Fish consumption per capita is 13.3 Kg, which is divided to 6.4 kg for farmed fishes, 5.8 Kg for wild fishes and 1.1 Kg for canned fish. The higher consumption per capita of Tehran citizens in comparison with other people from other cities, who are living in Tehran, is because of their tendency and freshness of farmed fishes. In contrast, the consumption of canned and wild fishes among people of littoral regions who live in Tehran is higher than others.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish consumption per capita ; Fish ; Consumption ; Per capita ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.546-556
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objective of this study was to analyse the population genetic structure of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in Sefidrud and Gorganrud rivers watershed based on the characterization of microsatellite markers during 2006 – 2008. 100 samples of Persian sturgeon were collected from two regions. Four microsatellite loci ( Ls 68 , Spl 168 , Spl 173 and Afu 68 ) were analyzed for the molecular characterization of this species which resulted in polymorphic patterns. DNA bands were analysed using Biocapt and GenAlex software package. A total of 109 alleles were observed of which the maximum number of alleles (17) were found in Spl168 locus which belonged to sturgeons from Sefidrud river,s watershed and the minimum number of alleles (10) in Ls68 locus belonging to the sturgeons from Gorganrud river,s watershed. Results of microsatellite analysis revealed that the differences between samples of two regions were not statistically significant (p〉0.05), neither for the average number of alleles per locus nor for observed heterozygosities. The calculated Fst and Rst between two regions was 0.07 and 0.17 showing that the genetic difference was significant (p〈 0.01). Samples from Sefidrud river,s watershed in Spl173, Afu68 and Spl168 loci and samples of other regions in Afu68 and Spl168 loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equation. The genetic distance was calculated as 0.4 which represents a significant genetic difference between samples of two studied areas. I n conclusion, this study suggests that the Persian sturgeons in two regions of the southern part of the Caspian Sea are genetically differentiated, therefore fisheries management of these unique stocks for restocking and conservation of gene pools is highly recommended.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Caspian Sea ; Microsatellite ; Genetic structure ; Population genetic ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.596-606
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Monthly sampling of speckled shrimp was conducted by bottom trawl in the Iskenderun Bay between November 2009 and October 2010. There was a linear relationship between carapace length and total length in males and females (TL = -0.112 + 0.2294*CL R2 = 0.8298, n = 327) for males, (TL = -0.3918 + 0.2731 * CL R2 = 0.8919, n = 457) for females, and (TL = -0.378 + 0.2684 * CL R2=0.8492, n=784) for total individuals. Total length-weight relationships were W=0.0135*TL2.7817 for males, W= 0.0115*TL2.8535 for females, and W=0.0109*TL2.8108 for total individuals. The von Bertalanffy growth constants in length was TL= 162.75mm, K = 1.39 year–1, t0 = -0.0604 year for males TL= 178.40mm, K = 1.51 year-1, t0 = -0.780 year for females and TL= 174.14mm, K = 1.47 year-1, t0 = -0.0721 year for total individuals. In this study, the total (Z), natural (M) and fishing (F) mortality coefficient and exploitation rates (E) were determined as 5.39 year-1, 2.39 year-1, 3.00 year-1 and E=0.56 year-1, respectively for all of the obtained individuals.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Metapenaeus monoceros ; Population dynamical ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.955-966
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Capoeta erhani is an endemic species to Southeast of Turkey. To date the information on biology of this species from inland waters of Turkey is very limited. The present study aims to provide the basic age and growth parameters of C. erhani from the middle basin of the Seyhan River. In total, 255 individuals were collected seasonally between October 2013 and September 2014. The overall sex ratio was 3.47:1 M : F. The total length of the specimens ranged from 10.4 to 33.0 cm and the weight from 9.0 to 360.0 g. The ages of total examined fish ranged from 0 to 5 years. Maximum age was found to be 5 years for both sexes. Length-weight relationship was described as logW= -5.067 + 3.168 logTL (r2= 0.972). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞ = 32.51 cm; k = 0.400 year-1; t0 =-0.930 year for the entire population. Munro’s phi prime index in males, females and both sexes was calculated as 6.00, 6.12 and 6.04.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Capoeta erhani ; Endemic species ; Growth parameters ; Fisheries ; Sex ratio ; Length-weight relationship ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.980-994
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To understand the change in fish consumption behavior of Tehran citizens (Iran), in the year 2005, an investigation was conducted using questionnaire. Using independent random method, 316 families covering all 22 districts of Tehran were selected. The results were combined with that acquired in the year 2001 to develop marketing programs. We used Fridman, K2 tests for nonparametric statistics and Z (normal distribution) and Phi Cramer index for analysis. The results showed that the quality and freshness of the products and the hygienic state of the distributing places had the highest effects on purchase. Also, the price and packaging had the same priority as in the year 2001. No significant relationship was found between income level of the families and their fish consuming tendency. Comparing the two years of study, we found that 16.6% more people preferred packed food in the year 2005 while per capita consumption had increased from 2.8 to 3.46kg. With the information on production date and health license already available on the products, the consumers demanded dietary contents. Considering the increase in marine fishery products, the families tended to consume more of the farmed aquatics with the live selling of rainbow trout being preferred the most. The behavior of consumers and their decisions to purchase fishery products in this period depended on production directions and economic development strategies which indicated positive aquaculture development programs in the country. We recommend continuing current policies regarding marketing factors. The results also showed that uncertainly about freshness and health of the products is the main reason for purchase from the representative fishery stores. The results shows more research and advertisement can improve awareness about packing advantages and its role in decreasing wastes and creating more added values.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Brackish ; Marine fisheries ; Diets ; Fish consumption ; Marketing ; Aquaculture products ; Fisheries ; Marine ; Aquaculture ; Feeding experiments ; Economics ; Food ; Aquaculture development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.117-126
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Institutes in the north of the country are involved in the reproduction, culture and release of five species of sturgeon fingerlings into the Caspian Sea. The species are Acipenser persicus, A. guldenstadti, A. nudiventris and A. stellatus and Huso huso. Shahid Beheshti Fisheries Centre as the first commercial hatchery started its activities in 1972 in Rasht, Guilan Province of Iran. The centre achieved a production ceiling of 21.6 million fingerlings in 1997 and increased it to 24.5 million fingerlings in 1998. It is anticipated that the centre will achieve a threshold of 45 millions fingerlings in the next few years. During 1997-2002, the centre has increased its extent from 377 hectares to 887 hectares For Huso huso production, 17 specimens were caught in 1998, of which 10 were injected that produced 1.08 million fingerlings and in 2002, the number of caught and injected Huso huso were 29 and 21 respectively, that resulted in production and release of 2.4 million fingerlings. A number of 1062 A. persicus breeders were caught in 1998 of which 581 individuals were injected with hypophysis extract resulting in production and release of 22.5 million fingerlings. Of 538 injected individuals from among a total 802 breeder fish caught in 2002, a number of 12.3 million fingerlings were produced and released into the sea. The catch for Acipenser stellatus in 1998 was 193 breeders that produced 623000 fingerlings. In 2002, the catch increased to 290 breeders, of which 67 received injections to produce 1.3 million fingerlings. A total number of 0.67 million fingerlings of A. guldenstadti was produced in 1998 which was increased to 1.78 millions in 2002. For Acipenser nudiventris, the number of fingerlings produced in 1998 was 0.4 which was increased to 1.56 millions in 2002.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Acipencer persicus ; A. stellatus ; A. nudiventris ; A. guldenstadti ; Sturgeon fish ; Stock Enhancement ; Fingerlings ; Production ; Fisheries ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.97-112
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This research project was carried out in Gulian Fisheries Research Center in 1998. For this purpose, two ponds were selected: Pond No. 1 with 450m2 area and pond No.2 with 250m2 area and then 3500 pieces/hectar of hybrids with 5-7g weight were added to the ponds. In order to determine their main food, they were fed by pelletes and grass according to their mean weight. Meanwhile, by adding mineral and organic fertilizers to the water, a suitable media including phytoplanktons, zooplanktons and benthoses were prepared for feeding of fishes. The stomach contents observations of 160 specimen of hybrids showed that this hybrid is a herbivorous fish and macrophytes were their main diet; and phytoplanktons could be considered as the secondary random food.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rutilus frisii kutum ; Grass Carp ; Hybrid ; Diet ; Fisheries ; Weight ; Fertilizer ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; Benthoses ; Specimens
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.31-42
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The purpose of the present research was to identify and rank the effective environmental (background) indices on OE process in Mazandaran Fisheries Organization. In terms of data collection, the method used in this study was the descriptive-survey method and in terms of research purposes, it was an applied research. Statistical population included experts and leading experts of Mazandaran fisheries organization in 2014. After literature review, the effective environmental (background) indices on OE were identified. Data were collected using Delphi and paired comparisons questionnaires, and analyzed using fuzzy Delphi method and FAHP. The results showed that the effective environmental (background) indices on OE, in order of priority, were the economic environments, legal-political environment, social-cultural environment, technological environment, administrative environment and international environment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Development ; Economic ; Environmental ; Organizational Entrepreneurship ; Fuzzy Delphi ; Fuzzy AHP ; Mazandaran Fisheries Organization ; Entrepreneurship ; Fisheries ; Explanation ; Ranking ; Factors
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.125-138
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The commercial fishing of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) has been started since 1991 in Sistan-o-Baluchestan province with an annual catch 20-50 tons. In this paper, it has been tried to study the fishing pressure on this resources during 1st years. In this regard, the biometric data of 4 years consist of 1991, 1994, 1996 and 1997 were collected for further statistical analysis, These data are: total length, total height, carapace length, sex, maturity stages, fishing season and fishing ground. The analysis was done by using Foxpro and SPSS programs. The results of the mean height and mean weight of this species showed a decreasing trend from starting it should he the result of overfishing.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Fisheries ; Spiny Lobster ; Fishing ; Panulirus homarus ; Length ; Height ; Sex ; Maturity ; Species ; Overfishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-60
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Creating a database of affiliated laboratories of the institute is organized with the aim of integrating information related to laboratories of research centers and their subsidiaries. The main objective of conducting this project in this stage is to upgrade it, establish and running one software system based on up-to-date technology of networking. For this purpose organizing the centers database, a periodic report on various aspects can be done which help for implementing appropriate monitoring and management .Among the sectors that are designed and upgraded for this system include : Portal, bank of information, advanced possibilities for inputting data, searching and reporting on laboratory.The advantages of this precise and updated reports can be collected easily from the general information of research institutes and centers, reports of the number of lab experts with different educational levels in affiliated centers, awareness of numbers and status of the chemical materials in the laboratories of each center, and the significant and important point is about economizing equipment, chemical materials and on time calibration.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bank of information ; Laboratories ; Research institute ; Network ; Data ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.149-153
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  • 90
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Resource ; Fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 101pp.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan ) and Sheiban Resaerch center (Khozestan) , In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also .The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories. fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings.Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specialy in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for futhre studies.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings ; Artificial food ; Oxygen level ; Turbidity ; Fertilizers
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The lack of sustainable management programs has resulted in the drastic decline of sturgeons stocks in the Caspian Sea in the past two decades. Legal catch quotas for all Caspian littoral states has dropped from 28500 tons in 1985 to 460 tons in 2007 while caviar production in the Caspian Sea during the same period decreased from 3000 tons to 70 tons. Caviar production in the I.R. of Iran dropped from 305 tons in 1985 to about 11 tons in 2007. The "Strategic and applied research planning for sturgeon management and conservation" was developed with the collaboration of academicians from universities, researchers, experts, fishery authorities and representatives of the executive government to maintain sustainable development and rational management of sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea. The preparation and development of this planning was carried out through 121 sessions (2100 person hours) A comprehensive report (375 pg) was prepared which was divided into five volumes; Volume I comprises an introduction, objectives, strategies and planning, present status of production and caviar harvest, catch and export quotas, revenue generated and release of sturgeon fingerlings, Volume II comprises analysis of the problem by constructing a problem tree with 8 broad categories to analyze 344 problems and an objective tree which is the hierarchic flowchart of objectives with 9 broad categories with 241 items, Volume III comprises a review and analysis of previous and ongoing research (414 projects) on different aspects of sturgeon during the past 40 years, Volume IV comprises prioritizing research objectives outlined by the objective tree and finally Volume V which prioritizes primary objectives for 14 executive and 10 research programs. On the basis of the evaluation of the present status and for the sustainable development and rational management of sturgeon stocks a strategic and applied research planning program was proposed and developed within the framework of three primary objectives; 1) Management and sustainable use of Caspian Sea resources (5 programs), 2) Rehabilitation and restoration of stocks (5 programs), 3) Development of aquaculture (4 programs). The applied research program for each proposed executive program was outlined in 10 programs, 42 comprehensive plans and 222 projects. The primary objective on management and sustainable use of Caspian Sea resources includes 5 programs, 14 comprehensive plans and 63 projects, while the primary objective on rehabilitation and restoration of stocks includes 4 programs, 16 comprehensive plans and 87 projects. The primary objective to address sturgeon aquaculture includes 1 program, 12 comprehensive plans and 72 projects. The impacts and outcome of each of these programs was determined and presented. It is evident that if the present situation persists, the catch figures for adult sturgeon specimens and caviar production in Iran will reach zero in 2021. But if concerted efforts are taken and the proposed strategic and applied research planning program is executed (commencing from 2009) we can put a halt to these declining trends. By producing sturgeon fingerlings to restore population abundances, by conserving and protecting them in the Caspian Sea and by conducting applied research we can produce 206.4 tons of caviar by the year 2033. Apart from harvesting caviar from the Caspian Sea we can also annually produce 3000 tons sturgeon meat and 60 tons farmed caviar starting from the year 2023. The total budget proposed for implementation of this program for a period of 14 years (2008-2022) is USD 2483 million. If this budget is allocated in time and the proposed strategic program is properly and totally implemented, we can not only save many sturgeon populations from extinction but also ensure job opportunities for 6000 fisherman, provide 1480 new job opportunities and annually produce 266 tons of caviar which will generate USD 4957 million.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sturgeons ; Caviar ; Strategic ; Fingerlings ; Survey ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 164pp.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The plan entitled "designing and establishment of ISO/IEC17025 in laboratories of three research centers affiliated to Iran Fisheries Research Organization" was carried out in the frame of three projects from March 2008 for about three years. Among the laboratories of The Persian Gulf ecological research center, the Caspian Sea ecological research center and the national shrimp research center 7, 5 and 3 laboratories were selected for accreditation, respectively. The quality manuals of the test laboratories were written following the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. During the establishment of the system standardization of the test methods, calibration of the equipment, test methods validation and update and improvement of physical conditions of the laboratories were performed. The technical and quality management competence of the laboratories affiliated to the Persian Gulf ecological research center were evaluated by the auditors from DGA (the German Accreditation System for Testing Laboratories), which is signatory of ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation). But in the case of the two other centers, the laboratories were accredited by Iran Accreditation System (IAS). The laboratories officially accredited, after the successful completion of the accreditation process (including implementation of corrective actions for the detected non-conformities). Production of reliable results of the test methods from national and international scientific organizations' point of view as well as facilitation in development of bilateral and multilateral relations with them can be considered as the advantages of the system establishment. Moreover, exchange of the relevant scientific information and experiences among the researchers will be facilitated
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; Physical ; ISO/IEC17025 ; Shrimp ; Standardization ; Laboratories ; Fisheries ; Iran Shrimp Research Center ; Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center ; Persian Gulf Ecological Research Center
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 30pp.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Due to lack of access to comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding equipment, personnel, laboratory services tariffs and chemicals in the laboratories of Iran Fisheries Research Institute and felt the necessity of having this information for optimal management of the laboratories, it was decided with regard to all information needs in this area and using previous experiences in this regard as well as the experiences of other institutions and related organizations at the national (and even international) level, the system would be designed. The main purpose of implementing this plan was to establish and implement a software system based on web technology to create a comprehensive database of the Fisheries Research Institute's laboratories, so that in addition to organizing information, using periodic reports on various related areas a more appropriate monitoring and management system could be applied. Fortunately, after the design and implementation stages, the system in early January 2011 was fully applicable. The main parts of this system include portal; database; advanced data entry, search and reporting capabilities; direct tests order system and discussion forums.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Laboratories ; Information Database System ; Fisheries ; Chemical ; Portal ; Iranian Fisheries Research Organization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404 , is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country . Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers . The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C .
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; IFRO ; Developing plans ; Fisheries research
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 144pp.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out on rivers, basins & qanat of Qom region during the 1376-1378and Fish samples were taken from 2 permanent rivers (Qomrood ,Ghara_chag)& from some seasonal ones (Tagharood, Zavarian, Vesva, Biraghan). Also local fishes was followed in 100 qanats in the region and Random fish sampling was done in permanent river extension out of province. This study aimed to recognize different fish species in the province water reservoir and estimating the fisheries potential in the province. For fish sampling nets such as mashk, salik, hook and hand tailored were used. Electroshoker was not used at all. Results of fish recognition showed that fish samples belong to 12 species & 4 family of "cyprinidae", "Balitoridae", "cyprinodontidae" and "poecilidae".The qanat fishes of the montain (kahak, Khagestan) and pastora area (Ghanavat,jafarabad) included by two families of "cyprinid", "Balitoridea".In some qanat which were connected to rivers more species of fish and anotherAquatic animal were observed & sampled.At the and map of geographical distribution of local fishes was planned.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Geographical ; Fish ; Samples ; Species ; Fisheries ; Electroshoker ; Cyprinidae ; Balitoridae ; Cyprinodontidae ; Poecilidae ; Aquatic ; Recognation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 67pp.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some biological aspects of yellowfin and skipjack tuna according to catch data of traditional gillnet fisheries were studied in the north of Oman Sea during 1997-99. Based on Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) results, the spawning period or yellowfin begins in spring and reaches to the peak level in May-June. For skipjack tuna, in addition to the above mentioned spawning period, the other observed period was found in autumn-winter with a peak in January-February. The first length or maturity (LM50%) of yellowfin and skipjack tuna females were estimated 76 and 61 cm, respectively. Observation of stomach contents showed that squid was the major components of diet for yellowfin and fish for skipjack tuna. A comparison between mean length of different years and landing sites using two-way analysis of variance indicated a significant differences, The length-weight equations showed an algometric growth in tuna and isometric growth in skipjack.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Thunnus albacares ; Katsuwonus pelamis ; Skipjack tuna ; Yellowfin Tuna ; Gillnet ; Fisheries ; Gonadosomatic Index ; GSI ; Spawning ; Algometric growth ; Isometric growth ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.35-62
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and the natural aquatic environment, made Iran’s geo-strategic and socioeconomic situation of the fisheries and aquaculture sector unique. This sector in the three areas of “ecotourism”, “food production” and “social behavior” play a crucial role in achieving Iran's Vision Policy of 1404 goals. However, Iran's valuable position in ornamental fish farming industry has been less attention and several issues challenged its development trend. Markazi is one of the leading provinces in this industry. So the main purposes of research were to identify current situation and providing development strategies. This study was descriptive and data were collected by survey method. The Statistical population was ornamental fish’s Producers and experts in Markazi province which due to limit number, census sampling was applied. The main tool for gathering information was questionnaire which its face validity confirmed through educational specialist and expert’s viewpoint. Also, the reliability of research tool was evaluated by Coronbach Alfa Test. The results showed that "Employment and income" and "Interest in breeding ornamental fish" were two main reasons to attract practitioners to this industry. The respondents considered the current situation ornamental fish industry, undesirable (Score 1.17 out of 5). Factor analysis showed that five factors named; "Corporate management and food resources", "management of extension and informing about authentic breeding principles", "Care Management and Insurance", "imported fish quality management" and "technical and financial support" have explained about 80% of the variance of the current situation and barriers to the development of ornamental fish industry in Markazi Province. The most important strategies to reduce facing problem in mentioned industry were development priority belonged ornamental fish industry trade system and development of specialized human resources training.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ornamental fish industry ; ِDevelopment ; Ornamental ; Fish ; Industry ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.133-148
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: We studied the morphological characteristics of the Caspian Lamprey (Caspiomyzon wagneri) in two rivers of Shirud and Talar during the spring migration in 2006. A total of 91 specimens were collected using hand and cast net. Relative morphometric characters including disc length, head depth, eye length, prebranchial length, head length, distance between disc and posterior end of the first dorsal fin, distance between disc and base of second dorsal fin, distance between disc and anus, post branchial length, tail length, interocular distance, and post ocular length showed significant differences between the two populations (P less than or equal to 0.05), but meristic characters showed no significant differences (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Although some of the relative morphometric characters showed differences between the two populations of the rivers, but the populations were not different based on the principal components analysis (PCA) and had a relatively high overlap.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Meristic counts ; Rivers ; Lamprey ; Principal Component Analysis ; Bases ; Caspiomyzon wagneri ; Brackish ; Animal morphology ; Animal populations ; Fisheries ; Migration
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.147-162
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level lengthweight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 39pp.
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