ALBERT

Description: The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stresses. As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the world's major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve 'health': about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laurance, William F -- Useche, D Carolina -- Rendeiro, Julio -- Kalka, Margareta -- Bradshaw, Corey J A -- Sloan, Sean P -- Laurance, Susan G -- Campbell, Mason -- Abernethy, Kate -- Alvarez, Patricia -- Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor -- Ashton, Peter -- Benitez-Malvido, Julieta -- Blom, Allard -- Bobo, Kadiri S -- Cannon, Charles H -- Cao, Min -- Carroll, Richard -- Chapman, Colin -- Coates, Rosamond -- Cords, Marina -- Danielsen, Finn -- De Dijn, Bart -- Dinerstein, Eric -- Donnelly, Maureen A -- Edwards, David -- Edwards, Felicity -- Farwig, Nina -- Fashing, Peter -- Forget, Pierre-Michel -- Foster, Mercedes -- Gale, George -- Harris, David -- Harrison, Rhett -- Hart, John -- Karpanty, Sarah -- Kress, W John -- Krishnaswamy, Jagdish -- Logsdon, Willis -- Lovett, Jon -- Magnusson, William -- Maisels, Fiona -- Marshall, Andrew R -- McClearn, Deedra -- Mudappa, Divya -- Nielsen, Martin R -- Pearson, Richard -- Pitman, Nigel -- van der Ploeg, Jan -- Plumptre, Andrew -- Poulsen, John -- Quesada, Mauricio -- Rainey, Hugo -- Robinson, Douglas -- Roetgers, Christiane -- Rovero, Francesco -- Scatena, Frederick -- Schulze, Christian -- Sheil, Douglas -- Struhsaker, Thomas -- Terborgh, John -- Thomas, Duncan -- Timm, Robert -- Urbina-Cardona, J Nicolas -- Vasudevan, Karthikeyan -- Wright, S Joseph -- Arias-G, Juan Carlos -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Ashton, Mark -- Auzel, Philippe -- Babaasa, Dennis -- Babweteera, Fred -- Baker, Patrick -- Banki, Olaf -- Bass, Margot -- Bila-Isia, Inogwabini -- Blake, Stephen -- Brockelman, Warren -- Brokaw, Nicholas -- Bruhl, Carsten A -- Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh -- Chao, Jung-Tai -- Chave, Jerome -- Chellam, Ravi -- Clark, Connie J -- Clavijo, Jose -- Congdon, Robert -- Corlett, Richard -- Dattaraja, H S -- Dave, Chittaranjan -- Davies, Glyn -- Beisiegel, Beatriz de Mello -- da Silva, Rosa de Nazare Paes -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Diesmos, Arvin -- Dirzo, Rodolfo -- Doran-Sheehy, Diane -- Eaton, Mitchell -- Emmons, Louise -- Estrada, Alejandro -- Ewango, Corneille -- Fedigan, Linda -- Feer, Francois -- Fruth, Barbara -- Willis, Jacalyn Giacalone -- Goodale, Uromi -- Goodman, Steven -- Guix, Juan C -- Guthiga, Paul -- Haber, William -- Hamer, Keith -- Herbinger, Ilka -- Hill, Jane -- Huang, Zhongliang -- Sun, I Fang -- Ickes, Kalan -- Itoh, Akira -- Ivanauskas, Natalia -- Jackes, Betsy -- Janovec, John -- Janzen, Daniel -- Jiangming, Mo -- Jin, Chen -- Jones, Trevor -- Justiniano, Hermes -- Kalko, Elisabeth -- Kasangaki, Aventino -- Killeen, Timothy -- King, Hen-biau -- Klop, Erik -- Knott, Cheryl -- Kone, Inza -- Kudavidanage, Enoka -- Ribeiro, Jose Lahoz da Silva -- Lattke, John -- Laval, Richard -- Lawton, Robert -- Leal, Miguel -- Leighton, Mark -- Lentino, Miguel -- Leonel, Cristiane -- Lindsell, Jeremy -- Ling-Ling, Lee -- Linsenmair, K Eduard -- Losos, Elizabeth -- Lugo, Ariel -- Lwanga, Jeremiah -- Mack, Andrew L -- Martins, Marlucia -- McGraw, W Scott -- McNab, Roan -- Montag, Luciano -- Thompson, Jo Myers -- Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob -- Nakagawa, Michiko -- Nepal, Sanjay -- Norconk, Marilyn -- Novotny, Vojtech -- O'Donnell, Sean -- Opiang, Muse -- Ouboter, Paul -- Parker, Kenneth -- Parthasarathy, N -- Pisciotta, Katia -- Prawiradilaga, Dewi -- Pringle, Catherine -- Rajathurai, Subaraj -- Reichard, Ulrich -- Reinartz, Gay -- Renton, Katherine -- Reynolds, Glen -- Reynolds, Vernon -- Riley, Erin -- Rodel, Mark-Oliver -- Rothman, Jessica -- Round, Philip -- Sakai, Shoko -- Sanaiotti, Tania -- Savini, Tommaso -- Schaab, Gertrud -- Seidensticker, John -- Siaka, Alhaji -- Silman, Miles R -- Smith, Thomas B -- de Almeida, Samuel Soares -- Sodhi, Navjot -- Stanford, Craig -- Stewart, Kristine -- Stokes, Emma -- Stoner, Kathryn E -- Sukumar, Raman -- Surbeck, Martin -- Tobler, Mathias -- Tscharntke, Teja -- Turkalo, Andrea -- Umapathy, Govindaswamy -- van Weerd, Merlijn -- Rivera, Jorge Vega -- Venkataraman, Meena -- Venn, Linda -- Verea, Carlos -- de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer -- Waltert, Matthias -- Wang, Benjamin -- Watts, David -- Weber, William -- West, Paige -- Whitacre, David -- Whitney, Ken -- Wilkie, David -- Williams, Stephen -- Wright, Debra D -- Wright, Patricia -- Xiankai, Lu -- Yonzon, Pralad -- Zamzani, Franky -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):290-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia. bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566564/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566564/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groenen, Martien A M -- Archibald, Alan L -- Uenishi, Hirohide -- Tuggle, Christopher K -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Rothschild, Max F -- Rogel-Gaillard, Claire -- Park, Chankyu -- Milan, Denis -- Megens, Hendrik-Jan -- Li, Shengting -- Larkin, Denis M -- Kim, Heebal -- Frantz, Laurent A F -- Caccamo, Mario -- Ahn, Hyeonju -- Aken, Bronwen L -- Anselmo, Anna -- Anthon, Christian -- Auvil, Loretta -- Badaoui, Bouabid -- Beattie, Craig W -- Bendixen, Christian -- Berman, Daniel -- Blecha, Frank -- Blomberg, Jonas -- Bolund, Lars -- Bosse, Mirte -- Botti, Sara -- Bujie, Zhan -- Bystrom, Megan -- Capitanu, Boris -- Carvalho-Silva, Denise -- Chardon, Patrick -- Chen, Celine -- Cheng, Ryan -- Choi, Sang-Haeng -- Chow, William -- Clark, Richard C -- Clee, Christopher -- Crooijmans, Richard P M A -- Dawson, Harry D -- Dehais, Patrice -- De Sapio, Fioravante -- Dibbits, Bert -- Drou, Nizar -- Du, Zhi-Qiang -- Eversole, Kellye -- Fadista, Joao -- Fairley, Susan -- Faraut, Thomas -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Fowler, Katie E -- Fredholm, Merete -- Fritz, Eric -- Gilbert, James G R -- Giuffra, Elisabetta -- Gorodkin, Jan -- Griffin, Darren K -- Harrow, Jennifer L -- Hayward, Alexander -- Howe, Kerstin -- Hu, Zhi-Liang -- Humphray, Sean J -- Hunt, Toby -- Hornshoj, Henrik -- Jeon, Jin-Tae -- Jern, Patric -- Jones, Matthew -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kanamori, Hiroyuki -- Kapetanovic, Ronan -- Kim, Jaebum -- Kim, Jae-Hwan -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Tae-Hun -- Larson, Greger -- Lee, Kyooyeol -- Lee, Kyung-Tai -- Leggett, Richard -- Lewin, Harris A -- Li, Yingrui -- Liu, Wansheng -- Loveland, Jane E -- Lu, Yao -- Lunney, Joan K -- Ma, Jian -- Madsen, Ole -- Mann, Katherine -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Morozumi, Takeya -- Murtaugh, Michael P -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Nguyen, Dinh Truong -- Ni, Peixiang -- Oh, Song-Jung -- Onteru, Suneel -- Panitz, Frank -- Park, Eung-Woo -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Pascal, Geraldine -- Paudel, Yogesh -- Perez-Enciso, Miguel -- Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo -- Reecy, James M -- Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra -- Rohrer, Gary A -- Rund, Lauretta -- Sang, Yongming -- Schachtschneider, Kyle -- Schraiber, Joshua G -- Schwartz, John -- Scobie, Linda -- Scott, Carol -- Searle, Stephen -- Servin, Bertrand -- Southey, Bruce R -- Sperber, Goran -- Stadler, Peter -- Sweedler, Jonathan V -- Tafer, Hakim -- Thomsen, Bo -- Wali, Rashmi -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- White, Simon -- Xu, Xun -- Yerle, Martine -- Zhang, Guojie -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Jie -- Zhao, Shuhong -- Rogers, Jane -- Churcher, Carol -- Schook, Lawrence B -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 249894/European Research Council/International -- 5 P41 LM006252/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 5 P41LM006252/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- BB/E010520/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E010520/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E010768/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E011640/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G004013/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H005935/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I025328/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900950/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P20-RR017686/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P30 DA018310/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R13 RR020283A/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R13 RR032267A/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA027548/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R21 HG006464/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI083196/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):393-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11622.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands. martien.groenen@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23151582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Regulated transcription controls the diversity, developmental pathways and spatial organization of the hundreds of cell types that make up a mammal. Using single-molecule cDNA sequencing, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce a comprehensive overview of mammalian gene expression across the human body. We find that few genes are truly 'housekeeping', whereas many mammalian promoters are composite entities composed of several closely separated TSSs, with independent cell-type-specific expression profiles. TSSs specific to different cell types evolve at different rates, whereas promoters of broadly expressed genes are the most conserved. Promoter-based expression analysis reveals key transcription factors defining cell states and links them to binding-site motifs. The functions of identified novel transcripts can be predicted by coexpression and sample ontology enrichment analyses. The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN PMI and CLST (DGT) -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Rehli, Michael -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Haberle, Vanja -- Lassmann, Timo -- Kulakovskiy, Ivan V -- Lizio, Marina -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Andersson, Robin -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Schmeier, Sebastian -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Jorgensen, Mette -- Dimont, Emmanuel -- Arner, Erik -- Schmidl, Christian -- Schaefer, Ulf -- Medvedeva, Yulia A -- Plessy, Charles -- Vitezic, Morana -- Severin, Jessica -- Semple, Colin A -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Young, Robert S -- Francescatto, Margherita -- Alam, Intikhab -- Albanese, Davide -- Altschuler, Gabriel M -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Archer, John A C -- Arner, Peter -- Babina, Magda -- Rennie, Sarah -- Balwierz, Piotr J -- Beckhouse, Anthony G -- Pradhan-Bhatt, Swati -- Blake, Judith A -- Blumenthal, Antje -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Bonetti, Alessandro -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Burroughs, A Maxwell -- Califano, Andrea -- Cannistraci, Carlo V -- Carbajo, Daniel -- Chen, Yun -- Chierici, Marco -- Ciani, Yari -- Clevers, Hans C -- Dalla, Emiliano -- Davis, Carrie A -- Detmar, Michael -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Dohi, Taeko -- Drablos, Finn -- Edge, Albert S B -- Edinger, Matthias -- Ekwall, Karl -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Enomoto, Hideki -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Fang, Hai -- Farach-Carson, Mary C -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Favorov, Alexander V -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Frith, Martin C -- Fujita, Rie -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furlanello, Cesare -- Furino, Masaaki -- Furusawa, Jun-ichi -- Geijtenbeek, Teunis B -- Gibson, Andrew P -- Gingeras, Thomas -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Gough, Julian -- Guhl, Sven -- Guler, Reto -- Gustincich, Stefano -- Ha, Thomas J -- Hamaguchi, Masahide -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Harbers, Matthias -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hasegawa, Yuki -- Hashimoto, Takehiro -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Hitchens, Kelly J -- Ho Sui, Shannan J -- Hofmann, Oliver M -- Hoof, Ilka -- Hori, Furni -- Huminiecki, Lukasz -- Iida, Kei -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Jankovic, Boris R -- Jia, Hui -- Joshi, Anagha -- Jurman, Giuseppe -- Kaczkowski, Bogumil -- Kai, Chieko -- Kaida, Kaoru -- Kaiho, Ai -- Kajiyama, Kazuhiro -- Kanamori-Katayama, Mutsumi -- Kasianov, Artem S -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Katayama, Shintaro -- Kato, Sachi -- Kawaguchi, Shuji -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Kawamura, Yuki I -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kempfle, Judith S -- Kenna, Tony J -- Kere, Juha -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Kitamura, Toshio -- Klinken, S Peter -- Knox, Alan J -- Kojima, Miki -- Kojima, Soichi -- Kondo, Naoto -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Koyasu, Shigeo -- Krampitz, Sarah -- Kubosaki, Atsutaka -- Kwon, Andrew T -- Laros, Jeroen F J -- Lee, Weonju -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Li, Kang -- Lilje, Berit -- Lipovich, Leonard -- Mackay-Sim, Alan -- Manabe, Ri-ichiroh -- Mar, Jessica C -- Marchand, Benoit -- Mathelier, Anthony -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Meynert, Alison -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- de Lima Morais, David A -- Morikawa, Hiromasa -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Moro, Kazuyo -- Motakis, Efthymios -- Motohashi, Hozumi -- Mummery, Christine L -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Nakahara, Fumio -- Nakamura, Toshiyuki -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Nakazato, Kenichi -- van Nimwegen, Erik -- Ninomiya, Noriko -- Nishiyori, Hiromi -- Noma, Shohei -- Noazaki, Tadasuke -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Ohkura, Naganari -- Ohimiya, Hiroko -- Ohno, Hiroshi -- Ohshima, Mitsuhiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry A -- Pain, Arnab -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Persson, Helena -- Piazza, Silvano -- Prendergast, James G D -- Rackham, Owen J L -- Ramilowski, Jordan A -- Rashid, Mamoon -- Ravasi, Timothy -- Rizzu, Patrizia -- Roncador, Marco -- Roy, Sugata -- Rye, Morten B -- Saijyo, Eri -- Sajantila, Antti -- Saka, Akiko -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- Sakai, Mizuho -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schneider, Claudio -- Schultes, Erik A -- Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula G -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sengstag, Thierry -- Sheng, Guojun -- Shimoji, Hisashi -- Shimoni, Yishai -- Shin, Jay W -- Simon, Christophe -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Sugiyama, Takaai -- Suzuki, Masanori -- Suzuki, Naoko -- Swoboda, Rolf K -- 't Hoen, Peter A C -- Tagami, Michihira -- Takahashi, Naoko -- Takai, Jun -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tatsukawa, Hideki -- Tatum, Zuotian -- Thompson, Mark -- Toyodo, Hiroo -- Toyoda, Tetsuro -- Valen, Elvind -- van de Wetering, Marc -- van den Berg, Linda M -- Verado, Roberto -- Vijayan, Dipti -- Vorontsov, Ilya E -- Wasserman, Wyeth W -- Watanabe, Shoko -- Wells, Christine A -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Wood, Emily J -- Yamaguchi, Yoko -- Yamamoto, Masayuki -- Yoneda, Misako -- Yonekura, Yohei -- Yoshida, Shigehiro -- Zabierowski, Susan E -- Zhang, Peter G -- Zhao, Xiaobei -- Zucchelli, Silvia -- Summers, Kim M -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Daub, Carsten O -- Kawai, Jun -- Heutink, Peter -- Hide, Winston -- Freeman, Tom C -- Lenhard, Boris -- Bajic, Vladimir B -- Taylor, Martin S -- Makeev, Vsevolod J -- Sandelin, Albin -- Hume, David A -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- BB/F003722/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G022771/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I001107/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_PC_U127597124/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1102/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DE022969/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):462-70. doi: 10.1038/nature13182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We systematically generated large-scale data sets to improve genome annotation for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a key model organism. These data sets include transcriptome profiling across a developmental time course, genome-wide identification of transcription factor-binding sites, and maps of chromatin organization. From this, we created more complete and accurate gene models, including alternative splice forms and candidate noncoding RNAs. We constructed hierarchical networks of transcription factor-binding and microRNA interactions and discovered chromosomal locations bound by an unusually large number of transcription factors. Different patterns of chromatin composition and histone modification were revealed between chromosome arms and centers, with similarly prominent differences between autosomes and the X chromosome. Integrating data types, we built statistical models relating chromatin, transcription factor binding, and gene expression. Overall, our analyses ascribed putative functions to most of the conserved genome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142569/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142569/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerstein, Mark B -- Lu, Zhi John -- Van Nostrand, Eric L -- Cheng, Chao -- Arshinoff, Bradley I -- Liu, Tao -- Yip, Kevin Y -- Robilotto, Rebecca -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Ikegami, Kohta -- Alves, Pedro -- Chateigner, Aurelien -- Perry, Marc -- Morris, Mitzi -- Auerbach, Raymond K -- Feng, Xin -- Leng, Jing -- Vielle, Anne -- Niu, Wei -- Rhrissorrakrai, Kahn -- Agarwal, Ashish -- Alexander, Roger P -- Barber, Galt -- Brdlik, Cathleen M -- Brennan, Jennifer -- Brouillet, Jeremy Jean -- Carr, Adrian -- Cheung, Ming-Sin -- Clawson, Hiram -- Contrino, Sergio -- Dannenberg, Luke O -- Dernburg, Abby F -- Desai, Arshad -- Dick, Lindsay -- Dose, Andrea C -- Du, Jiang -- Egelhofer, Thea -- Ercan, Sevinc -- Euskirchen, Ghia -- Ewing, Brent -- Feingold, Elise A -- Gassmann, Reto -- Good, Peter J -- Green, Phil -- Gullier, Francois -- Gutwein, Michelle -- Guyer, Mark S -- Habegger, Lukas -- Han, Ting -- Henikoff, Jorja G -- Henz, Stefan R -- Hinrichs, Angie -- Holster, Heather -- Hyman, Tony -- Iniguez, A Leo -- Janette, Judith -- Jensen, Morten -- Kato, Masaomi -- Kent, W James -- Kephart, Ellen -- Khivansara, Vishal -- Khurana, Ekta -- Kim, John K -- Kolasinska-Zwierz, Paulina -- Lai, Eric C -- Latorre, Isabel -- Leahey, Amber -- Lewis, Suzanna -- Lloyd, Paul -- Lochovsky, Lucas -- Lowdon, Rebecca F -- Lubling, Yaniv -- Lyne, Rachel -- MacCoss, Michael -- Mackowiak, Sebastian D -- Mangone, Marco -- McKay, Sheldon -- Mecenas, Desirea -- Merrihew, Gennifer -- Miller, David M 3rd -- Muroyama, Andrew -- Murray, John I -- Ooi, Siew-Loon -- Pham, Hoang -- Phippen, Taryn -- Preston, Elicia A -- Rajewsky, Nikolaus -- Ratsch, Gunnar -- Rosenbaum, Heidi -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Rutherford, Kim -- Ruzanov, Peter -- Sarov, Mihail -- Sasidharan, Rajkumar -- Sboner, Andrea -- Scheid, Paul -- Segal, Eran -- Shin, Hyunjin -- Shou, Chong -- Slack, Frank J -- Slightam, Cindie -- Smith, Richard -- Spencer, William C -- Stinson, E O -- Taing, Scott -- Takasaki, Teruaki -- Vafeados, Dionne -- Voronina, Ksenia -- Wang, Guilin -- Washington, Nicole L -- Whittle, Christina M -- Wu, Beijing -- Yan, Koon-Kiu -- Zeller, Georg -- Zha, Zheng -- Zhong, Mei -- Zhou, Xingliang -- modENCODE Consortium -- Ahringer, Julie -- Strome, Susan -- Gunsalus, Kristin C -- Micklem, Gos -- Liu, X Shirley -- Reinke, Valerie -- Kim, Stuart K -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Henikoff, Steven -- Piano, Fabio -- Snyder, Michael -- Stein, Lincoln -- Lieb, Jason D -- Waterston, Robert H -- 054523/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 GM088565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088565-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM088565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1775-87. doi: 10.1126/science.1196914. Epub 2010 Dec 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. modencode.worm.pi@gersteinlab.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, Michael -- Hilton-Taylor, Craig -- Angulo, Ariadne -- Bohm, Monika -- Brooks, Thomas M -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Carpenter, Kent E -- Chanson, Janice -- Collen, Ben -- Cox, Neil A -- Darwall, William R T -- Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Harrison, Lucy R -- Katariya, Vineet -- Pollock, Caroline M -- Quader, Suhel -- Richman, Nadia I -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Tognelli, Marcelo F -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Aguiar, John M -- Allen, David J -- Allen, Gerald R -- Amori, Giovanni -- Ananjeva, Natalia B -- Andreone, Franco -- Andrew, Paul -- Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Baldi, Ricardo -- Bell, Ben D -- Biju, S D -- Bird, Jeremy P -- Black-Decima, Patricia -- Blanc, J Julian -- Bolanos, Federico -- Bolivar-G, Wilmar -- Burfield, Ian J -- Burton, James A -- Capper, David R -- Castro, Fernando -- Catullo, Gianluca -- Cavanagh, Rachel D -- Channing, Alan -- Chao, Ning Labbish -- Chenery, Anna M -- Chiozza, Federica -- Clausnitzer, Viola -- Collar, Nigel J -- Collett, Leah C -- Collette, Bruce B -- Cortez Fernandez, Claudia F -- Craig, Matthew T -- Crosby, Michael J -- Cumberlidge, Neil -- Cuttelod, Annabelle -- Derocher, Andrew E -- Diesmos, Arvin C -- Donaldson, John S -- Duckworth, J W -- Dutson, Guy -- Dutta, S K -- Emslie, Richard H -- Farjon, Aljos -- Fowler, Sarah -- Freyhof, Jorg -- Garshelis, David L -- Gerlach, Justin -- Gower, David J -- Grant, Tandora D -- Hammerson, Geoffrey A -- Harris, Richard B -- Heaney, Lawrence R -- Hedges, S Blair -- Hero, Jean-Marc -- Hughes, Baz -- Hussain, Syed Ainul -- Icochea M, Javier -- Inger, Robert F -- Ishii, Nobuo -- Iskandar, Djoko T -- Jenkins, Richard K B -- Kaneko, Yoshio -- Kottelat, Maurice -- Kovacs, Kit M -- Kuzmin, Sergius L -- La Marca, Enrique -- Lamoreux, John F -- Lau, Michael W N -- Lavilla, Esteban O -- Leus, Kristin -- Lewison, Rebecca L -- Lichtenstein, Gabriela -- Livingstone, Suzanne R -- Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi -- Mallon, David P -- McGowan, Philip J K -- McIvor, Anna -- Moehlman, Patricia D -- Molur, Sanjay -- Munoz Alonso, Antonio -- Musick, John A -- Nowell, Kristin -- Nussbaum, Ronald A -- Olech, Wanda -- Orlov, Nikolay L -- Papenfuss, Theodore J -- Parra-Olea, Gabriela -- Perrin, William F -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Pourkazemi, Mohammad -- Racey, Paul A -- Ragle, James S -- Ram, Mala -- Rathbun, Galen -- Reynolds, Robert P -- Rhodin, Anders G J -- Richards, Stephen J -- Rodriguez, Lily O -- Ron, Santiago R -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Rylands, Anthony B -- Sadovy de Mitcheson, Yvonne -- Sanciangco, Jonnell C -- Sanders, Kate L -- Santos-Barrera, Georgina -- Schipper, Jan -- Self-Sullivan, Caryn -- Shi, Yichuan -- Shoemaker, Alan -- Short, Frederick T -- Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio -- Silvano, Debora L -- Smith, Kevin G -- Smith, Andrew T -- Snoeks, Jos -- Stattersfield, Alison J -- Symes, Andrew J -- Taber, Andrew B -- Talukdar, Bibhab K -- Temple, Helen J -- Timmins, Rob -- Tobias, Joseph A -- Tsytsulina, Katerina -- Tweddle, Denis -- Ubeda, Carmen -- Valenti, Sarah V -- van Dijk, Peter Paul -- Veiga, Liza M -- Veloso, Alberto -- Wege, David C -- Wilkinson, Mark -- Williamson, Elizabeth A -- Xie, Feng -- Young, Bruce E -- Akcakaya, H Resit -- Bennun, Leon -- Blackburn, Tim M -- Boitani, Luigi -- Dublin, Holly T -- da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Gascon, Claude -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mainka, Susan A -- McNeely, Jeffery A -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Reid, Gordon McGregor -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Samways, Michael J -- Smart, Jane -- Stein, Bruce A -- Stuart, Simon N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1503-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1194442. Epub 2010 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. mike.hoffmann@iucn.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in 〉100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 significantly associated loci (P 〈 5 x 10(-8)), with 59 showing genome-wide significant association with lipid traits for the first time. The newly reported associations include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known lipid regulators (for example, CYP7A1, NPC1L1 and SCARB1) as well as in scores of loci not previously implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. The 95 loci contribute not only to normal variation in lipid traits but also to extreme lipid phenotypes and have an impact on lipid traits in three non-European populations (East Asians, South Asians and African Americans). Our results identify several novel loci associated with plasma lipids that are also associated with CAD. Finally, we validated three of the novel genes-GALNT2, PPP1R3B and TTC39B-with experiments in mouse models. Taken together, our findings provide the foundation to develop a broader biological understanding of lipoprotein metabolism and to identify new therapeutic opportunities for the prevention of CAD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039276/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039276/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teslovich, Tanya M -- Musunuru, Kiran -- Smith, Albert V -- Edmondson, Andrew C -- Stylianou, Ioannis M -- Koseki, Masahiro -- Pirruccello, James P -- Ripatti, Samuli -- Chasman, Daniel I -- Willer, Cristen J -- Johansen, Christopher T -- Fouchier, Sigrid W -- Isaacs, Aaron -- Peloso, Gina M -- Barbalic, Maja -- Ricketts, Sally L -- Bis, Joshua C -- Aulchenko, Yurii S -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Feitosa, Mary F -- Chambers, John -- Orho-Melander, Marju -- Melander, Olle -- Johnson, Toby -- Li, Xiaohui -- Guo, Xiuqing -- Li, Mingyao -- Shin Cho, Yoon -- Jin Go, Min -- Jin Kim, Young -- Lee, Jong-Young -- Park, Taesung -- Kim, Kyunga -- Sim, Xueling -- Twee-Hee Ong, Rick -- Croteau-Chonka, Damien C -- Lange, Leslie A -- Smith, Joshua D -- Song, Kijoung -- Hua Zhao, Jing -- Yuan, Xin -- Luan, Jian'an -- Lamina, Claudia -- Ziegler, Andreas -- Zhang, Weihua -- Zee, Robert Y L -- Wright, Alan F -- Witteman, Jacqueline C M -- Wilson, James F -- Willemsen, Gonneke -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Whitfield, John B -- Waterworth, Dawn M -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Waeber, Gerard -- Vollenweider, Peter -- Voight, Benjamin F -- Vitart, Veronique -- Uitterlinden, Andre G -- Uda, Manuela -- Tuomilehto, Jaakko -- Thompson, John R -- Tanaka, Toshiko -- Surakka, Ida -- Stringham, Heather M -- Spector, Tim D -- Soranzo, Nicole -- Smit, Johannes H -- Sinisalo, Juha -- Silander, Kaisa -- Sijbrands, Eric J G -- Scuteri, Angelo -- Scott, James -- Schlessinger, David -- Sanna, Serena -- Salomaa, Veikko -- Saharinen, Juha -- Sabatti, Chiara -- Ruokonen, Aimo -- Rudan, Igor -- Rose, Lynda M -- Roberts, Robert -- Rieder, Mark -- Psaty, Bruce M -- Pramstaller, Peter P -- Pichler, Irene -- Perola, Markus -- Penninx, Brenda W J H -- Pedersen, Nancy L -- Pattaro, Cristian -- Parker, Alex N -- Pare, Guillaume -- Oostra, Ben A -- O'Donnell, Christopher J -- Nieminen, Markku S -- Nickerson, Deborah A -- Montgomery, Grant W -- Meitinger, Thomas -- McPherson, Ruth -- McCarthy, Mark I -- McArdle, Wendy -- Masson, David -- Martin, Nicholas G -- Marroni, Fabio -- Mangino, Massimo -- Magnusson, Patrik K E -- Lucas, Gavin -- Luben, Robert -- Loos, Ruth J F -- Lokki, Marja-Liisa -- Lettre, Guillaume -- Langenberg, Claudia -- Launer, Lenore J -- Lakatta, Edward G -- Laaksonen, Reijo -- Kyvik, Kirsten O -- Kronenberg, Florian -- Konig, Inke R -- Khaw, Kay-Tee -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Kaplan, Lee M -- Johansson, Asa -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Janssens, A Cecile J W -- Ingelsson, Erik -- Igl, Wilmar -- Kees Hovingh, G -- Hottenga, Jouke-Jan -- Hofman, Albert -- Hicks, Andrew A -- Hengstenberg, Christian -- Heid, Iris M -- Hayward, Caroline -- Havulinna, Aki S -- Hastie, Nicholas D -- Harris, Tamara B -- Haritunians, Talin -- Hall, Alistair S -- Gyllensten, Ulf -- Guiducci, Candace -- Groop, Leif C -- Gonzalez, Elena -- Gieger, Christian -- Freimer, Nelson B -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Erdmann, Jeanette -- Elliott, Paul -- Ejebe, Kenechi G -- Doring, Angela -- Dominiczak, Anna F -- Demissie, Serkalem -- Deloukas, Panagiotis -- de Geus, Eco J C -- de Faire, Ulf -- Crawford, Gabriel -- Collins, Francis S -- Chen, Yii-der I -- Caulfield, Mark J -- Campbell, Harry -- Burtt, Noel P -- Bonnycastle, Lori L -- Boomsma, Dorret I -- Boekholdt, S Matthijs -- Bergman, Richard N -- Barroso, Ines -- Bandinelli, Stefania -- Ballantyne, Christie M -- Assimes, Themistocles L -- Quertermous, Thomas -- Altshuler, David -- Seielstad, Mark -- Wong, Tien Y -- Tai, E-Shyong -- Feranil, Alan B -- Kuzawa, Christopher W -- Adair, Linda S -- Taylor, Herman A Jr -- Borecki, Ingrid B -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Wilson, James G -- Holm, Hilma -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Gudnason, Vilmundur -- Krauss, Ronald M -- Mohlke, Karen L -- Ordovas, Jose M -- Munroe, Patricia B -- Kooner, Jaspal S -- Tall, Alan R -- Hegele, Robert A -- Kastelein, John J P -- Schadt, Eric E -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Strachan, David P -- Mooser, Vincent -- Stefansson, Kari -- Reilly, Muredach P -- Samani, Nilesh J -- Schunkert, Heribert -- Cupples, L Adrienne -- Sandhu, Manjinder S -- Ridker, Paul M -- Rader, Daniel J -- van Duijn, Cornelia M -- Peltonen, Leena -- Abecasis, Goncalo R -- Boehnke, Michael -- Kathiresan, Sekar -- 068545/Z/02/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076113/B/04/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077016/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 079895/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1Z01 HG000024/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01DK06833603/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5R01DK07568102/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HL087679-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HL08770003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HL08821502/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- CA 047988/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CZB/4/710/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- DK062370/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK072193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK078150/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK56350/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0401527/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601966/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700931/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0701863/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0801056/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0801566/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9521010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9521010D/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HHSN268200625226C/PHS HHS/ -- HL 04381/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 080467/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-54776/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL085144/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL098364/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL098364-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99HL094535/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- M01-RR00425/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MC_QA137934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127561128/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- N01 HC-15103/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01 HC-55222/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-AG-12100/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-25195/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-35129/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-45133/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55015/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55016/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55018/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55019/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55020/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55021/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-55022/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-75150/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85079/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85080/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85081/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85082/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85083/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85084/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85085/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HC-85086/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HG-65403/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- N02-HL-6-4278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- PG/02/128/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/08/094/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/08/094/26019/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- R01 DK072193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078150/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087647/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL089650/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL086694/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL087641/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL087652/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL59367/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD050924/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RC1 HL099634/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 HL099634-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 HL099793/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL101864,/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102419/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RG/07/005/23633/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- RR20649/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- SP/08/005/25115/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- T32 GM007092/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG00040/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TW05596/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062370/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062418/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL069757/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL080295/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004402/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020278/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR025005/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):707-13. doi: 10.1038/nature09270.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective therapies. We performed exome sequencing and copy number analysis to define genomic aberrations in a prospectively accrued clinical cohort (n = 142) of early (stage I and II) sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Detailed analysis of 99 informative tumours identified substantial heterogeneity with 2,016 non-silent mutations and 1,628 copy-number variations. We define 16 significantly mutated genes, reaffirming known mutations (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, MLL3, TGFBR2, ARID1A and SF3B1), and uncover novel mutated genes including additional genes involved in chromatin modification (EPC1 and ARID2), DNA damage repair (ATM) and other mechanisms (ZIM2, MAP2K4, NALCN, SLC16A4 and MAGEA6). Integrative analysis with in vitro functional data and animal models provided supportive evidence for potential roles for these genetic aberrations in carcinogenesis. Pathway-based analysis of recurrently mutated genes recapitulated clustering in core signalling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and identified new mutated genes in each pathway. We also identified frequent and diverse somatic aberrations in genes described traditionally as embryonic regulators of axon guidance, particularly SLIT/ROBO signalling, which was also evident in murine Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis models of pancreatic cancer, providing further supportive evidence for the potential involvement of axon guidance genes in pancreatic carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530898/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530898/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biankin, Andrew V -- Waddell, Nicola -- Kassahn, Karin S -- Gingras, Marie-Claude -- Muthuswamy, Lakshmi B -- Johns, Amber L -- Miller, David K -- Wilson, Peter J -- Patch, Ann-Marie -- Wu, Jianmin -- Chang, David K -- Cowley, Mark J -- Gardiner, Brooke B -- Song, Sarah -- Harliwong, Ivon -- Idrisoglu, Senel -- Nourse, Craig -- Nourbakhsh, Ehsan -- Manning, Suzanne -- Wani, Shivangi -- Gongora, Milena -- Pajic, Marina -- Scarlett, Christopher J -- Gill, Anthony J -- Pinho, Andreia V -- Rooman, Ilse -- Anderson, Matthew -- Holmes, Oliver -- Leonard, Conrad -- Taylor, Darrin -- Wood, Scott -- Xu, Qinying -- Nones, Katia -- Fink, J Lynn -- Christ, Angelika -- Bruxner, Tim -- Cloonan, Nicole -- Kolle, Gabriel -- Newell, Felicity -- Pinese, Mark -- Mead, R Scott -- Humphris, Jeremy L -- Kaplan, Warren -- Jones, Marc D -- Colvin, Emily K -- Nagrial, Adnan M -- Humphrey, Emily S -- Chou, Angela -- Chin, Venessa T -- Chantrill, Lorraine A -- Mawson, Amanda -- Samra, Jaswinder S -- Kench, James G -- Lovell, Jessica A -- Daly, Roger J -- Merrett, Neil D -- Toon, Christopher -- Epari, Krishna -- Nguyen, Nam Q -- Barbour, Andrew -- Zeps, Nikolajs -- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative -- Kakkar, Nipun -- Zhao, Fengmei -- Wu, Yuan Qing -- Wang, Min -- Muzny, Donna M -- Fisher, William E -- Brunicardi, F Charles -- Hodges, Sally E -- Reid, Jeffrey G -- Drummond, Jennifer -- Chang, Kyle -- Han, Yi -- Lewis, Lora R -- Dinh, Huyen -- Buhay, Christian J -- Beck, Timothy -- Timms, Lee -- Sam, Michelle -- Begley, Kimberly -- Brown, Andrew -- Pai, Deepa -- Panchal, Ami -- Buchner, Nicholas -- De Borja, Richard -- Denroche, Robert E -- Yung, Christina K -- Serra, Stefano -- Onetto, Nicole -- Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Shaw, Patricia A -- Petersen, Gloria M -- Gallinger, Steven -- Hruban, Ralph H -- Maitra, Anirban -- Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A -- Schulick, Richard D -- Wolfgang, Christopher L -- Morgan, Richard A -- Lawlor, Rita T -- Capelli, Paola -- Corbo, Vincenzo -- Scardoni, Maria -- Tortora, Giampaolo -- Tempero, Margaret A -- Mann, Karen M -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- Perez-Mancera, Pedro A -- Adams, David J -- Largaespada, David A -- Wessels, Lodewyk F A -- Rust, Alistair G -- Stein, Lincoln D -- Tuveson, David A -- Copeland, Neal G -- Musgrove, Elizabeth A -- Scarpa, Aldo -- Eshleman, James R -- Hudson, Thomas J -- Sutherland, Robert L -- Wheeler, David A -- Pearson, John V -- McPherson, John D -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Grimmond, Sean M -- 13031/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- 2P50CA101955/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA134292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA101955/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA102701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA97075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):399-405. doi: 10.1038/nature11547. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes. To examine this, we generated a high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map. Detailed automatic and manual annotation provides evidence of more than 26,000 protein-coding genes, the largest gene set of any vertebrate so far sequenced. Comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human genes have at least one obvious zebrafish orthologue. In addition, the high quality of this genome assembly provides a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebrafish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, Kerstin -- Clark, Matthew D -- Torroja, Carlos F -- Torrance, James -- Berthelot, Camille -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Collins, John E -- Humphray, Sean -- McLaren, Karen -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Sealy, Ian -- Caccamo, Mario -- Churcher, Carol -- Scott, Carol -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Koch, Romke -- Rauch, Gerd-Jorg -- White, Simon -- Chow, William -- Kilian, Britt -- Quintais, Leonor T -- Guerra-Assuncao, Jose A -- Zhou, Yi -- Gu, Yong -- Yen, Jennifer -- Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk -- Eyre, Tina -- Redmond, Seth -- Banerjee, Ruby -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Fu, Beiyuan -- Langley, Elizabeth -- Maguire, Sean F -- Laird, Gavin K -- Lloyd, David -- Kenyon, Emma -- Donaldson, Sarah -- Sehra, Harminder -- Almeida-King, Jeff -- Loveland, Jane -- Trevanion, Stephen -- Jones, Matt -- Quail, Mike -- Willey, Dave -- Hunt, Adrienne -- Burton, John -- Sims, Sarah -- McLay, Kirsten -- Plumb, Bob -- Davis, Joy -- Clee, Chris -- Oliver, Karen -- Clark, Richard -- Riddle, Clare -- Elliot, David -- Threadgold, Glen -- Harden, Glenn -- Ware, Darren -- Begum, Sharmin -- Mortimore, Beverley -- Kerry, Giselle -- Heath, Paul -- Phillimore, Benjamin -- Tracey, Alan -- Corby, Nicole -- Dunn, Matthew -- Johnson, Christopher -- Wood, Jonathan -- Clark, Susan -- Pelan, Sarah -- Griffiths, Guy -- Smith, Michelle -- Glithero, Rebecca -- Howden, Philip -- Barker, Nicholas -- Lloyd, Christine -- Stevens, Christopher -- Harley, Joanna -- Holt, Karen -- Panagiotidis, Georgios -- Lovell, Jamieson -- Beasley, Helen -- Henderson, Carl -- Gordon, Daria -- Auger, Katherine -- Wright, Deborah -- Collins, Joanna -- Raisen, Claire -- Dyer, Lauren -- Leung, Kenric -- Robertson, Lauren -- Ambridge, Kirsty -- Leongamornlert, Daniel -- McGuire, Sarah -- Gilderthorp, Ruth -- Griffiths, Coline -- Manthravadi, Deepa -- Nichol, Sarah -- Barker, Gary -- Whitehead, Siobhan -- Kay, Michael -- Brown, Jacqueline -- Murnane, Clare -- Gray, Emma -- Humphries, Matthew -- Sycamore, Neil -- Barker, Darren -- Saunders, David -- Wallis, Justene -- Babbage, Anne -- Hammond, Sian -- Mashreghi-Mohammadi, Maryam -- Barr, Lucy -- Martin, Sancha -- Wray, Paul -- Ellington, Andrew -- Matthews, Nicholas -- Ellwood, Matthew -- Woodmansey, Rebecca -- Clark, Graham -- Cooper, James D -- Tromans, Anthony -- Grafham, Darren -- Skuce, Carl -- Pandian, Richard -- Andrews, Robert -- Harrison, Elliot -- Kimberley, Andrew -- Garnett, Jane -- Fosker, Nigel -- Hall, Rebekah -- Garner, Patrick -- Kelly, Daniel -- Bird, Christine -- Palmer, Sophie -- Gehring, Ines -- Berger, Andrea -- Dooley, Christopher M -- Ersan-Urun, Zubeyde -- Eser, Cigdem -- Geiger, Horst -- Geisler, Maria -- Karotki, Lena -- Kirn, Anette -- Konantz, Judith -- Konantz, Martina -- Oberlander, Martina -- Rudolph-Geiger, Silke -- Teucke, Mathias -- Lanz, Christa -- Raddatz, Gunter -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Zhu, Baoli -- Rapp, Amanda -- Widaa, Sara -- Langford, Cordelia -- Yang, Fengtang -- Schuster, Stephan C -- Carter, Nigel P -- Harrow, Jennifer -- Ning, Zemin -- Herrero, Javier -- Searle, Steve M J -- Enright, Anton -- Geisler, Robert -- Plasterk, Ronald H A -- Lee, Charles -- Westerfield, Monte -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Zon, Leonard I -- Postlethwait, John H -- Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane -- Hubbard, Tim J P -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Rogers, Jane -- Stemple, Derek L -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1 R01 DK55377-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD022486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD22486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR010715/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR020833/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rocha, L A -- Aleixo, A -- Allen, G -- Almeda, F -- Baldwin, C C -- Barclay, M V L -- Bates, J M -- Bauer, A M -- Benzoni, F -- Berns, C M -- Berumen, M L -- Blackburn, D C -- Blum, S -- Bolanos, F -- Bowie, R C K -- Britz, R -- Brown, R M -- Cadena, C D -- Carpenter, K -- Ceriaco, L M -- Chakrabarty, P -- Chaves, G -- Choat, J H -- Clements, K D -- Collette, B B -- Collins, A -- Coyne, J -- Cracraft, J -- Daniel, T -- de Carvalho, M R -- de Queiroz, K -- Di Dario, F -- Drewes, R -- Dumbacher, J P -- Engilis, A Jr -- Erdmann, M V -- Eschmeyer, W -- Feldman, C R -- Fisher, B L -- Fjeldsa, J -- Fritsch, P W -- Fuchs, J -- Getahun, A -- Gill, A -- Gomon, M -- Gosliner, T -- Graves, G R -- Griswold, C E -- Guralnick, R -- Hartel, K -- Helgen, K M -- Ho, H -- Iskandar, D T -- Iwamoto, T -- Jaafar, Z -- James, H F -- Johnson, D -- Kavanaugh, D -- Knowlton, N -- Lacey, E -- Larson, H K -- Last, P -- Leis, J M -- Lessios, H -- Liebherr, J -- Lowman, M -- Mahler, D L -- Mamonekene, V -- Matsuura, K -- Mayer, G C -- Mays, H Jr -- McCosker, J -- McDiarmid, R W -- McGuire, J -- Miller, M J -- Mooi, R -- Mooi, R D -- Moritz, C -- Myers, P -- Nachman, M W -- Nussbaum, R A -- Foighil, D O -- Parenti, L R -- Parham, J F -- Paul, E -- Paulay, G -- Perez-Eman, J -- Perez-Matus, A -- Poe, S -- Pogonoski, J -- Rabosky, D L -- Randall, J E -- Reimer, J D -- Robertson, D R -- Rodel, M-O -- Rodrigues, M T -- Roopnarine, P -- Ruber, L -- Ryan, M J -- Sheldon, F -- Shinohara, G -- Short, A -- Simison, W B -- Smith-Vaniz, W F -- Springer, V G -- Stiassny, M -- Tello, J G -- Thompson, C W -- Trnski, T -- Tucker, P -- Valqui, T -- Vecchione, M -- Verheyen, E -- Wainwright, P C -- Wheeler, T A -- White, W T -- Will, K -- Williams, J T -- Williams, G -- Wilson, E O -- Winker, K -- Winterbottom, R -- Witt, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):814-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. LRocha@calacademy.org. ; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, PA, 66040-170, Brazil. ; Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, 6986, Australia. ; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. ; Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK. ; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. ; Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. ; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy. ; Utica College, Utica, NY 13502, USA. ; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia. ; Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica. ; University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3161, USA. ; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ; Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 4976, Colombia. ; Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. ; Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciencia, Lisbon, 7005-638, Portugal. ; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia. ; University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. ; NOAA Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013, USA. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. ; Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macae, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil. ; University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Conservation International, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia. ; University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0314, USA. ; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark. ; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France. ; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, 1176, Ethiopia. ; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. ; Museum Victoria, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA. ; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore. ; Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, 0820, NT, Australia. ; CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. ; Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panama. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Universite Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, B.P. 69, Republic of Congo. ; National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan. ; University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA. ; Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, OH 45203, USA. ; The Manitoba Museum, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0N2, Canada. ; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia. ; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA. ; California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA. ; The Ornithological Council, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; University of Florida, Gainesville, fl32611, USA. ; Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1041, Venezuela. ; Pontif cia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile. ; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. ; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA. ; University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0213, Japan. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin, 10115, Germany. ; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, CH-3005, Switzerland. ; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201-8423, USA. ; Auckland Museum, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. ; Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad, Lima, 33, Peru. ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, 1000, Belgium. ; McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada. ; University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. ; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: A major challenge in human genetics is to devise a systematic strategy to integrate disease-associated variants with diverse genomic and biological data sets to provide insight into disease pathogenesis and guide drug discovery for complex traits such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis in a total of 〉100,000 subjects of European and Asian ancestries (29,880 RA cases and 73,758 controls), by evaluating approximately 10 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We discovered 42 novel RA risk loci at a genome-wide level of significance, bringing the total to 101 (refs 2 - 4). We devised an in silico pipeline using established bioinformatics methods based on functional annotation, cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci and pathway analyses--as well as novel methods based on genetic overlap with human primary immunodeficiency, haematological cancer somatic mutations and knockout mouse phenotypes--to identify 98 biological candidate genes at these 101 risk loci. We demonstrate that these genes are the targets of approved therapies for RA, and further suggest that drugs approved for other indications may be repurposed for the treatment of RA. Together, this comprehensive genetic study sheds light on fundamental genes, pathways and cell types that contribute to RA pathogenesis, and provides empirical evidence that the genetics of RA can provide important information for drug discovery.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Yukinori -- Wu, Di -- Trynka, Gosia -- Raj, Towfique -- Terao, Chikashi -- Ikari, Katsunori -- Kochi, Yuta -- Ohmura, Koichiro -- Suzuki, Akari -- Yoshida, Shinji -- Graham, Robert R -- Manoharan, Arun -- Ortmann, Ward -- Bhangale, Tushar -- Denny, Joshua C -- Carroll, Robert J -- Eyler, Anne E -- Greenberg, Jeffrey D -- Kremer, Joel M -- Pappas, Dimitrios A -- Jiang, Lei -- Yin, Jian -- Ye, Lingying -- Su, Ding-Feng -- Yang, Jian -- Xie, Gang -- Keystone, Ed -- Westra, Harm-Jan -- Esko, Tonu -- Metspalu, Andres -- Zhou, Xuezhong -- Gupta, Namrata -- Mirel, Daniel -- Stahl, Eli A -- Diogo, Dorothee -- Cui, Jing -- Liao, Katherine -- Guo, Michael H -- Myouzen, Keiko -- Kawaguchi, Takahisa -- Coenen, Marieke J H -- van Riel, Piet L C M -- van de Laar, Mart A F J -- Guchelaar, Henk-Jan -- Huizinga, Tom W J -- Dieude, Philippe -- Mariette, Xavier -- Bridges, S Louis Jr -- Zhernakova, Alexandra -- Toes, Rene E M -- Tak, Paul P -- Miceli-Richard, Corinne -- Bang, So-Young -- Lee, Hye-Soon -- Martin, Javier -- Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A -- Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis -- Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, Solbritt -- Arlestig, Lisbeth -- Choi, Hyon K -- Kamatani, Yoichiro -- Galan, Pilar -- Lathrop, Mark -- RACI consortium -- GARNET consortium -- Eyre, Steve -- Bowes, John -- Barton, Anne -- de Vries, Niek -- Moreland, Larry W -- Criswell, Lindsey A -- Karlson, Elizabeth W -- Taniguchi, Atsuo -- Yamada, Ryo -- Kubo, Michiaki -- Liu, Jun S -- Bae, Sang-Cheol -- Worthington, Jane -- Padyukov, Leonid -- Klareskog, Lars -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Stranger, Barbara E -- De Jager, Philip L -- Franke, Lude -- Visscher, Peter M -- Brown, Matthew A -- Yamanaka, Hisashi -- Mimori, Tsuneyo -- Takahashi, Atsushi -- Xu, Huji -- Behrens, Timothy W -- Siminovitch, Katherine A -- Momohara, Shigeki -- Matsuda, Fumihiko -- Yamamoto, Kazuhiko -- Plenge, Robert M -- 20385/Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- 79321/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- K08-KAR055688A/PHS HHS/ -- K24 AR052403/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P60 AR047785/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056768/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR057108/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR059648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR063759/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR056291/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR056768/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR057108/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR059648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR065944/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR063759-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AR056042/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM007450/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM092691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01-GM092691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 HL065962/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 20;506(7488):376-81. doi: 10.1038/nature12873. Epub 2013 Dec 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [4] Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [5] Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. ; 1] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. [2] Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan. ; Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center and The Center for Rheumatology, Albany, New York 12206, USA. ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York, Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ; Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ; 1] University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. [2] Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada. ; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 2J7, Canada. ; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands. ; 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia. ; School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China. ; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands. ; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands. ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Arthritis Center Twente, University Twente & Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, the Netherlands. ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands. ; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands. ; 1] Service de Rhumatologie et INSERM U699 Hopital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris 75018, France. [2] Universite Paris 7-Diderot, Paris 75013, France. ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1012, Universite Paris-Sud, Rhumatologie, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin Bicetre 94275, France. ; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands. ; 1] AMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands. [2] GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK. [3] University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK. ; Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, South Korea. ; Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada 18100, Spain. ; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Santander 39008, Spain. ; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain. ; 1] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea SE-901 87, Sweden. [2] Department of Rheumatology, Umea University, Umea SE-901 87, Sweden. ; 1] Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. [3] Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris 75010, France. ; Universite Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cite, UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), Inserm (U557), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Bobigny 93017, France. ; McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1 Canada. ; 1] Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research, Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. ; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. ; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology & Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands. ; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. ; Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, USA. ; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Unit of Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. ; Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden. ; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA. ; 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [4] NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical, Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. ; 1] Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. [2] Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. ; 1] Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. [2] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. [3] Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) Unite U852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; 1] Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. [2] Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24390342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉