ALBERT

Description: Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pierre Auger Collaboration -- Abraham, J -- Abreu, P -- Aglietta, M -- Aguirre, C -- Allard, D -- Allekotte, I -- Allen, J -- Allison, P -- Alvarez, C -- Alvarez-Muniz, J -- Ambrosio, M -- Anchordoqui, L -- Andringa, S -- Anzalone, A -- Aramo, C -- Argiro, S -- Arisaka, K -- Armengaud, E -- Arneodo, F -- Arqueros, F -- Asch, T -- Asorey, H -- Assis, P -- Atulugama, B S -- Aublin, J -- Ave, M -- Avila, G -- Backer, T -- Badagnani, D -- Barbosa, A F -- Barnhill, D -- Barroso, S L C -- Bauleo, P -- Beatty, J -- Beau, T -- Becker, B R -- Becker, K H -- Bellido, J A -- Benzvi, S -- Berat, C -- Bergmann, T -- Bernardini, P -- Bertou, X -- Biermann, P L -- Billoir, P -- Blanch-Bigas, O -- Blanco, F -- Blasi, P -- Bleve, C -- Blumer, H -- Bohacova, M -- Bonifazi, C -- Bonino, R -- Boratav, M -- Brack, J -- Brogueira, P -- Brown, W C -- Buchholz, P -- Bueno, A -- Busca, N G -- Caballero-Mora, K S -- Cai, B -- Camin, D V -- Caruso, R -- Carvalho, W -- Castellina, A -- Catalano, O -- Cataldi, G -- Cazon-Boado, L -- Cester, R -- Chauvin, J -- Chiavassa, A -- Chinellato, J A -- Chou, A -- Chye, J -- Clark, P D J -- Clay, R W -- Colombo, E -- Conceicao, R -- Connolly, B -- Contreras, F -- Coppens, J -- Cordier, A -- Cotti, U -- Coutu, S -- Covault, C E -- Creusot, A -- Cronin, J -- Dagoret-Campagne, S -- Daumiller, K -- Dawson, B R -- de Almeida, R M -- De Donato, C -- de Jong, S J -- De La Vega, G -- de Mello Junior, W J M -- de Mello Neto, J R T -- De Mitri, I -- de Souza, V -- Del Peral, L -- Deligny, O -- Selva, A Della -- Fratte, C Delle -- Dembinski, H -- Di Giulio, C -- Diaz, J C -- Dobrigkeit, C -- D'Olivo, J C -- Dornic, D -- Dorofeev, A -- Dos Anjos, J C -- Dova, M T -- D'Urso, D -- Duvernois, M A -- Engel, R -- Epele, L -- Erdmann, M -- Escobar, C O -- Etchegoyen, A -- Facal San Luis, P -- Falcke, H -- Farrar, G -- Fauth, A C -- Fazzini, N -- Fernandez, A -- Ferrer, F -- Ferry, S -- Fick, B -- Filevich, A -- Filipcic, A -- Fleck, I -- Fonte, R -- Fracchiolla, C E -- Fulgione, W -- Garcia, B -- Garcia Gamez, D -- Garcia-Pinto, D -- Garrido, X -- Geenen, H -- Gelmini, G -- Gemmeke, H -- Ghia, P L -- Giller, M -- Glass, H -- Gold, M S -- Golup, G -- Albarracin, F Gomez -- Berisso, M Gomez -- Herrero, R Gomez -- Goncalves, P -- Goncalves do Amaral, M -- Gonzalez, D -- Gonzalez, J G -- Gonzalez, M -- Gora, D -- Gorgi, A -- Gouffon, P -- Grassi, V -- Grillo, A -- Grunfeld, C -- Guardincerri, Y -- Guarino, F -- Guedes, G P -- Gutierrez, J -- Hague, J D -- Hamilton, J C -- Hansen, P -- Harari, D -- Harmsma, S -- Harton, J L -- Haungs, A -- Hauschildt, T -- Healy, M D -- Hebbeker, T -- Heck, D -- Hojvat, C -- Holmes, V C -- Homola, P -- Horandel, J -- Horneffer, A -- Horvat, M -- Hrabovsky, M -- Huege, T -- Iarlori, M -- Insolia, A -- Ionita, F -- Italiano, A -- Kaducak, M -- Kampert, K H -- Keilhauer, B -- Kemp, E -- Kieckhafer, R M -- Klages, H O -- Kleifges, M -- Kleinfeller, J -- Knapik, R -- Knapp, J -- Koang, D-H -- Kopmann, A -- Krieger, A -- Kromer, O -- Kumpel, D -- Kunka, N -- Kusenko, A -- La Rosa, G -- Lachaud, C -- Lago, B L -- Lebrun, D -- Lebrun, P -- Lee, J -- Leigui de Oliveira, M A -- Letessier-Selvon, A -- Leuthold, M -- Lhenry-Yvon, I -- Lopez, R -- Lopez Aguera, A -- Lozano Bahilo, J -- Maccarone, M C -- Macolino, C -- Maldera, S -- Malek, M -- Mancarella, G -- Mancenido, M E -- Mandat, D -- Mantsch, P -- Mariazzi, A G -- Maris, I C -- Martello, D -- Martinez, J -- Martinez Bravo, O -- Mathes, H J -- Matthews, J -- Matthews, J A J -- Matthiae, G -- Maurizio, D -- Mazur, P O -- McCauley, T -- McEwen, M -- McNeil, R R -- Medina, M C -- Medina-Tanco, G -- Meli, A -- Melo, D -- Menichetti, E -- Menschikov, A -- Meurer, Chr -- Meyhandan, R -- Micheletti, M I -- Miele, G -- Miller, W -- Mollerach, S -- Monasor, M -- Monnier Ragaigne, D -- Montanet, F -- Morales, B -- Morello, C -- Moreno, E -- Moreno, J C -- Morris, C -- Mostafa, M -- Muller, M A -- Mussa, R -- Navarra, G -- Navarro, J L -- Navas, S -- Nellen, L -- Newman-Holmes, C -- Newton, D -- Thi, T Nguyen -- Nierstenhofer, N -- Nitz, D -- Nosek, D -- Nozka, L -- Oehlschlager, J -- Ohnuki, T -- Olinto, A -- Olmos-Gilbaja, V M -- Ortiz, M -- Ostapchenko, S -- Otero, L -- Pakk Selmi-Dei, D -- Palatka, M -- Pallotta, J -- Parente, G -- Parizot, E -- Parlati, S -- Pastor, S -- Patel, M -- Paul, T -- Pavlidou, V -- Payet, K -- Pech, M -- Pekala, J -- Pelayo, R -- Pepe, I M -- Perrone, L -- Petrera, S -- Petrinca, P -- Petrov, Y -- Ngoc, Dieppham -- Ngoc, Dongpham -- Pham Thi, T N -- Pichel, A -- Piegaia, R -- Pierog, T -- Pimenta, M -- Pinto, T -- Pirronello, V -- Pisanti, O -- Platino, M -- Pochon, J -- Porter, T A -- Privitera, P -- Prouza, M -- Quel, E J -- Rautenberg, J -- Reucroft, S -- Revenu, B -- Rezende, F A S -- Ridky, J -- Riggi, S -- Risse, M -- Riviere, C -- Rizi, V -- Roberts, M -- Robledo, C -- Rodriguez, G -- Rodriguez Frias, D -- Rodriguez Martino, J -- Rodriguez Rojo, J -- Rodriguez-Cabo, I -- Ros, G -- Rosado, J -- Roth, M -- Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B -- Roulet, E -- Rovero, A C -- Salamida, F -- Salazar, H -- Salina, G -- Sanchez, F -- Santander, M -- Santo, C E -- Santos, E M -- Sarazin, F -- Sarkar, S -- Sato, R -- Scherini, V -- Schieler, H -- Schmidt, F -- Schmidt, T -- Scholten, O -- Schovanek, P -- Schussler, F -- Sciutto, S J -- Scuderi, M -- Segreto, A -- Semikoz, D -- Settimo, M -- Shellard, R C -- Sidelnik, I -- Siffert, B B -- Sigl, G -- De Grande, N Smetniansky -- Smialkowski, A -- Smida, R -- Smith, A G K -- Smith, B E -- Snow, G R -- Sokolsky, P -- Sommers, P -- Sorokin, J -- Spinka, H -- Squartini, R -- Strazzeri, E -- Stutz, A -- Suarez, F -- Suomijarvi, T -- Supanitsky, A D -- Sutherland, M S -- Swain, J -- Szadkowski, Z -- Takahashi, J -- Tamashiro, A -- Tamburro, A -- Tascau, O -- Tcaciuc, R -- Thomas, D -- Ticona, R -- Tiffenberg, J -- Timmermans, C -- Tkaczyk, W -- Todero Peixoto, C J -- Tome, B -- Tonachini, A -- Torresi, D -- Travnicek, P -- Tripathi, A -- Tristram, G -- Tscherniakhovski, D -- Tueros, M -- Tunnicliffe, V -- Ulrich, R -- Unger, M -- Urban, M -- Valdes Galicia, J F -- Valino, I -- Valore, L -- van den Berg, A M -- van Elewyck, V -- Vazquez, R A -- Veberic, D -- Veiga, A -- Velarde, A -- Venters, T -- Verzi, V -- Videla, M -- Villasenor, L -- Vorobiov, S -- Voyvodic, L -- Wahlberg, H -- Wainberg, O -- Waldenmaier, T -- Walker, P -- Warner, D -- Watson, A A -- Westerhoff, S -- Wieczorek, G -- Wiencke, L -- Wilczynska, B -- Wilczynski, H -- Wileman, C -- Winnick, M G -- Wu, H -- Wundheiler, B -- Xu, J -- Yamamoto, T -- Younk, P -- Zas, E -- Zavrtanik, D -- Zavrtanik, M -- Zech, A -- Zepeda, A -- Ziolkowski, M -- Kegl, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):938-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus. These results imply that charged particles are accelerated to very high energies in the immediate vicinity of the black hole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉VERITAS Collaboration -- VLBA 43 GHz M87 Monitoring Team -- H.E.S.S. Collaboration -- MAGIC Collaboration -- Acciari, V A -- Aliu, E -- Arlen, T -- Bautista, M -- Beilicke, M -- Benbow, W -- Bradbury, S M -- Buckley, J H -- Bugaev, V -- Butt, Y -- Byrum, K -- Cannon, A -- Celik, O -- Cesarini, A -- Chow, Y C -- Ciupik, L -- Cogan, P -- Cui, W -- Dickherber, R -- Fegan, S J -- Finley, J P -- Fortin, P -- Fortson, L -- Furniss, A -- Gall, D -- Gillanders, G H -- Grube, J -- Guenette, R -- Gyuk, G -- Hanna, D -- Holder, J -- Horan, D -- Hui, C M -- Humensky, T B -- Imran, A -- Kaaret, P -- Karlsson, N -- Kieda, D -- Kildea, J -- Konopelko, A -- Krawczynski, H -- Krennrich, F -- Lang, M J -- LeBohec, S -- Maier, G -- McCann, A -- McCutcheon, M -- Millis, J -- Moriarty, P -- Ong, R A -- Otte, A N -- Pandel, D -- Perkins, J S -- Petry, D -- Pohl, M -- Quinn, J -- Ragan, K -- Reyes, L C -- Reynolds, P T -- Roache, E -- Rose, H J -- Schroedter, M -- Sembroski, G H -- Smith, A W -- Swordy, S P -- Theiling, M -- Toner, J A -- Varlotta, A -- Vincent, S -- Wakely, S P -- Ward, J E -- Weekes, T C -- Weinstein, A -- Williams, D A -- Wissel, S -- Wood, M -- Walker, R C -- Davies, F -- Hardee, P E -- Junor, W -- Ly, C -- Aharonian, F -- Akhperjanian, A G -- Anton, G -- Barres de Almeida, U -- Bazer-Bachi, A R -- Becherini, Y -- Behera, B -- Bernlohr, K -- Bochow, A -- Boisson, C -- Bolmont, J -- Borrel, V -- Brucker, J -- Brun, F -- Brun, P -- Buhler, R -- Bulik, T -- Busching, I -- Boutelier, T -- Chadwick, P M -- Charbonnier, A -- Chaves, R C G -- Cheesebrough, A -- Chounet, L-M -- Clapson, A C -- Coignet, G -- Dalton, M -- Daniel, M K -- Davids, I D -- Degrange, B -- Deil, C -- Dickinson, H J -- Djannati-Atai, A -- Domainko, W -- Drury, L O'C -- Dubois, F -- Dubus, G -- Dyks, J -- Dyrda, M -- Egberts, K -- Emmanoulopoulos, D -- Espigat, P -- Farnier, C -- Feinstein, F -- Fiasson, A -- Forster, A -- Fontaine, G -- Fussling, M -- Gabici, S -- Gallant, Y A -- Gerard, L -- Gerbig, D -- Giebels, B -- Glicenstein, J F -- Gluck, B -- Goret, P -- Gohring, D -- Hauser, D -- Hauser, M -- Heinz, S -- Heinzelmann, G -- Henri, G -- Hermann, G -- Hinton, J A -- Hoffmann, A -- Hofmann, W -- Holleran, M -- Hoppe, S -- Horns, D -- Jacholkowska, A -- de Jager, O C -- Jahn, C -- Jung, I -- Katarzynski, K -- Katz, U -- Kaufmann, S -- Kendziorra, E -- Kerschhaggl, M -- Khangulyan, D -- Khelifi, B -- Keogh, D -- Kluzniak, W -- Kneiske, T -- Komin, Nu -- Kosack, K -- Lamanna, G -- Lenain, J-P -- Lohse, T -- Marandon, V -- Martin, J M -- Martineau-Huynh, O -- Marcowith, A -- Maurin, D -- McComb, T J L -- Medina, M C -- Moderski, R -- Moulin, E -- Naumann-Godo, M -- de Naurois, M -- Nedbal, D -- Nekrassov, D -- Nicholas, B -- Niemiec, J -- Nolan, S J -- Ohm, S -- Olive, J-F -- de Ona Wilhelmi, E -- Orford, K J -- Ostrowski, M -- Panter, M -- Paz Arribas, M -- Pedaletti, G -- Pelletier, G -- Petrucci, P-O -- Pita, S -- Puhlhofer, G -- Punch, M -- Quirrenbach, A -- Raubenheimer, B C -- Raue, M -- Rayner, S M -- Renaud, M -- Rieger, F -- Ripken, J -- Rob, L -- Rosier-Lees, S -- Rowell, G -- Rudak, B -- Rulten, C B -- Ruppel, J -- Sahakian, V -- Santangelo, A -- Schlickeiser, R -- Schock, F M -- Schroder, R -- Schwanke, U -- Schwarzburg, S -- Schwemmer, S -- Shalchi, A -- Sikora, M -- Skilton, J L -- Sol, H -- Spangler, D -- Stawarz, L -- Steenkamp, R -- Stegmann, C -- Stinzing, F -- Superina, G -- Szostek, A -- Tam, P H -- Tavernet, J-P -- Terrier, R -- Tibolla, O -- Tluczykont, M -- van Eldik, C -- Vasileiadis, G -- Venter, C -- Venter, L -- Vialle, J P -- Vincent, P -- Vivier, M -- Volk, H J -- Volpe, F -- Wagner, S J -- Ward, M -- Zdziarski, A A -- Zech, A -- Anderhub, H -- Antonelli, L A -- Antoranz, P -- Backes, M -- Baixeras, C -- Balestra, S -- Barrio, J A -- Bastieri, D -- Becerra Gonzalez, J -- Becker, J K -- Bednarek, W -- Berger, K -- Bernardini, E -- Biland, A -- Bock, R K -- Bonnoli, G -- Bordas, P -- Borla Tridon, D -- Bosch-Ramon, V -- Bose, D -- Braun, I -- Bretz, T -- Britvitch, I -- Camara, M -- Carmona, E -- Commichau, S -- Contreras, J L -- Cortina, J -- Costado, M T -- Covino, S -- Curtef, V -- Dazzi, F -- De Angelis, A -- De Cea del Pozo, E -- Delgado Mendez, C -- De los Reyes, R -- De Lotto, B -- De Maria, M -- De Sabata, F -- Dominguez, A -- Dorner, D -- Doro, M -- Elsaesser, D -- Errando, M -- Ferenc, D -- Fernandez, E -- Firpo, R -- Fonseca, M V -- Font, L -- Galante, N -- Garcia Lopez, R J -- Garczarczyk, M -- Gaug, M -- Goebel, F -- Hadasch, D -- Hayashida, M -- Herrero, A -- Hildebrand, D -- Hohne-Monch, D -- Hose, J -- Hsu, C C -- Jogler, T -- Kranich, D -- La Barbera, A -- Laille, A -- Leonardo, E -- Lindfors, E -- Lombardi, S -- Longo, F -- Lopez, M -- Lorenz, E -- Majumdar, P -- Maneva, G -- Mankuzhiyil, N -- Mannheim, K -- Maraschi, L -- Mariotti, M -- Martinez, M -- Mazin, D -- Meucci, M -- Miranda, J M -- Mirzoyan, R -- Miyamoto, H -- Moldon, J -- Moles, M -- Moralejo, A -- Nieto, D -- Nilsson, K -- Ninkovic, J -- Oya, I -- Paoletti, R -- Paredes, J M -- Pasanen, M -- Pascoli, D -- Pauss, F -- Pegna, R G -- Perez-Torres, M A -- Persic, M -- Peruzzo, L -- Prada, F -- Prandini, E -- Puchades, N -- Reichardt, I -- Rhode, W -- Ribo, M -- Rico, J -- Rissi, M -- Robert, A -- Rugamer, S -- Saggion, A -- Saito, T Y -- Salvati, M -- Sanchez-Conde, M -- Satalecka, K -- Scalzotto, V -- Scapin, V -- Schweizer, T -- Shayduk, M -- Shore, S N -- Sidro, N -- Sierpowska-Bartosik, A -- Sillanpaa, A -- Sitarek, J -- Sobczynska, D -- Spanier, F -- Stamerra, A -- Stark, L S -- Takalo, L -- Tavecchio, F -- Temnikov, P -- Tescaro, D -- Teshima, M -- Torres, D F -- Turini, N -- Vankov, H -- Wagner, R M -- Zabalza, V -- Zandanel, F -- Zanin, R -- Zapatero, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):444-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175406. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943200/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943200/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Elsik, Christine G -- Tellam, Ross L -- Worley, Kim C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Muzny, Donna M -- Weinstock, George M -- Adelson, David L -- Eichler, Evan E -- Elnitski, Laura -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hamernik, Debora L -- Kappes, Steve M -- Lewin, Harris A -- Lynn, David J -- Nicholas, Frank W -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Rijnkels, Monique -- Skow, Loren C -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Schook, Lawrence -- Womack, James -- Alioto, Tyler -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- Astashyn, Alex -- Chapple, Charles E -- Chen, Hsiu-Chuan -- Chrast, Jacqueline -- Camara, Francisco -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Henrichsen, Charlotte N -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Kitts, Paul -- Kokocinski, Felix -- Landrum, Melissa -- Maglott, Donna -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Searle, Stephen M -- Solovyev, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Ucla, Catherine -- Wyss, Carine -- Anzola, Juan M -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Elhaik, Eran -- Graur, Dan -- Reese, Justin T -- Edgar, Robert C -- McEwan, John C -- Payne, Gemma M -- Raison, Joy M -- Junier, Thomas -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Eyras, Eduardo -- Plass, Mireya -- Donthu, Ravikiran -- Larkin, Denis M -- Reecy, James -- Yang, Mary Q -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Chitko-McKown, Carol G -- Liu, George E -- Matukumalli, Lakshmi K -- Song, Jiuzhou -- Zhu, Bin -- Bradley, Daniel G -- Brinkman, Fiona S L -- Lau, Lilian P L -- Whiteside, Matthew D -- Walker, Angela -- Wheeler, Thomas T -- Casey, Theresa -- German, J Bruce -- Lemay, Danielle G -- Maqbool, Nauman J -- Molenaar, Adrian J -- Seo, Seongwon -- Stothard, Paul -- Baldwin, Cynthia L -- Baxter, Rebecca -- Brinkmeyer-Langford, Candice L -- Brown, Wendy C -- Childers, Christopher P -- Connelley, Timothy -- Ellis, Shirley A -- Fritz, Krista -- Glass, Elizabeth J -- Herzig, Carolyn T A -- Iivanainen, Antti -- Lahmers, Kevin K -- Bennett, Anna K -- Dickens, C Michael -- Gilbert, James G R -- Hagen, Darren E -- Salih, Hanni -- Aerts, Jan -- Caetano, Alexandre R -- Dalrymple, Brian -- Garcia, Jose Fernando -- Gill, Clare A -- Hiendleder, Stefan G -- Memili, Erdogan -- Spurlock, Diane -- Williams, John L -- Alexander, Lee -- Brownstein, Michael J -- Guan, Leluo -- Holt, Robert A -- Jones, Steven J M -- Marra, Marco A -- Moore, Richard -- Moore, Stephen S -- Roberts, Andy -- Taniguchi, Masaaki -- Waterman, Richard C -- Chacko, Joseph -- Chandrabose, Mimi M -- Cree, Andy -- Dao, Marvin Diep -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Hines, Sandra -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Kovar, Christie L -- Lewis, Lora R -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Lopez, John -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Nguyen, Ngoc Bich -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Wright, Rita A -- Buhay, Christian -- Ding, Yan -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Herdandez, Judith -- Holder, Michael -- Sabo, Aniko -- Egan, Amy -- Goodell, Jason -- Wilczek-Boney, Katarzyna -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Hitchens, Matthew Edward -- Lozado, Ryan J -- Moen, Charles -- Steffen, David -- Warren, James T -- Zhang, Jingkun -- Chiu, Readman -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Durbin, K James -- Havlak, Paul -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Qin, Xiang -- Ren, Yanru -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry -- Bell, Stephanie Nicole -- Davis, Clay -- Johnson, Angela Jolivet -- Lee, Sandra -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Patel, Bella Mayurkumar -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Vattathil, Selina -- Williams, Rex Lee Jr -- Curry, Stacey -- Hamilton, Cerissa -- Sodergren, Erica -- Wheeler, David A -- Barris, Wes -- Bennett, Gary L -- Eggen, Andre -- Green, Ronnie D -- Harhay, Gregory P -- Hobbs, Matthew -- Jann, Oliver -- Keele, John W -- Kent, Matthew P -- Lien, Sigbjorn -- McKay, Stephanie D -- McWilliam, Sean -- Ratnakumar, Abhirami -- Schnabel, Robert D -- Smith, Timothy -- Snelling, Warren M -- Sonstegard, Tad S -- Stone, Roger T -- Sugimoto, Yoshikazu -- Takasuga, Akiko -- Taylor, Jeremy F -- Van Tassell, Curtis P -- Macneil, Michael D -- Abatepaulo, Antonio R R -- Abbey, Colette A -- Ahola, Virpi -- Almeida, Iassudara G -- Amadio, Ariel F -- Anatriello, Elen -- Bahadue, Suria M -- Biase, Fernando H -- Boldt, Clayton R -- Carroll, Jeffery A -- Carvalho, Wanessa A -- Cervelatti, Eliane P -- Chacko, Elsa -- Chapin, Jennifer E -- Cheng, Ye -- Choi, Jungwoo -- Colley, Adam J -- de Campos, Tatiana A -- De Donato, Marcos -- Santos, Isabel K F de Miranda -- de Oliveira, Carlo J F -- Deobald, Heather -- Devinoy, Eve -- Donohue, Kaitlin E -- Dovc, Peter -- Eberlein, Annett -- Fitzsimmons, Carolyn J -- Franzin, Alessandra M -- Garcia, Gustavo R -- Genini, Sem -- Gladney, Cody J -- Grant, Jason R -- Greaser, Marion L -- Green, Jonathan A -- Hadsell, Darryl L -- Hakimov, Hatam A -- Halgren, Rob -- Harrow, Jennifer L -- Hart, Elizabeth A -- Hastings, Nicola -- Hernandez, Marta -- Hu, Zhi-Liang -- Ingham, Aaron -- Iso-Touru, Terhi -- Jamis, Catherine -- Jensen, Kirsty -- Kapetis, Dimos -- Kerr, Tovah -- Khalil, Sari S -- Khatib, Hasan -- Kolbehdari, Davood -- Kumar, Charu G -- Kumar, Dinesh -- Leach, Richard -- Lee, Justin C-M -- Li, Changxi -- Logan, Krystin M -- Malinverni, Roberto -- Marques, Elisa -- Martin, William F -- Martins, Natalia F -- Maruyama, Sandra R -- Mazza, Raffaele -- McLean, Kim L -- Medrano, Juan F -- Moreno, Barbara T -- More, Daniela D -- Muntean, Carl T -- Nandakumar, Hari P -- Nogueira, Marcelo F G -- Olsaker, Ingrid -- Pant, Sameer D -- Panzitta, Francesca -- Pastor, Rosemeire C P -- Poli, Mario A -- Poslusny, Nathan -- Rachagani, Satyanarayana -- Ranganathan, Shoba -- Razpet, Andrej -- Riggs, Penny K -- Rincon, Gonzalo -- Rodriguez-Osorio, Nelida -- Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L -- Romero, Natasha E -- Rosenwald, Anne -- Sando, Lillian -- Schmutz, Sheila M -- Shen, Libing -- Sherman, Laura -- Southey, Bruce R -- Lutzow, Ylva Strandberg -- Sweedler, Jonathan V -- Tammen, Imke -- Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V L -- Urbanski, Jennifer M -- Utsunomiya, Yuri T -- Verschoor, Chris P -- Waardenberg, Ashley J -- Wang, Zhiquan -- Ward, Robert -- Weikard, Rosemarie -- Welsh, Thomas H Jr -- White, Stephen N -- Wilming, Laurens G -- Wunderlich, Kris R -- Yang, Jianqi -- Zhao, Feng-Qi -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077198/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/13438/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/13446/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DA018310/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):522-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1169588.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are highly energetic explosions signaling the death of massive stars in distant galaxies. The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Observatory together record GRBs over a broad energy range spanning about 7 decades of gammaray energy. In September 2008, Fermi observed the exceptionally luminous GRB 080916C, with the largest apparent energy release yet measured. The high-energy gamma rays are observed to start later and persist longer than the lower energy photons. A simple spectral form fits the entire GRB spectrum, providing strong constraints on emission models. The known distance of the burst enables placing lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow and on the quantum gravity mass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi LAT and Fermi GBM Collaborations -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Arimoto, M -- Asano, K -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Band, D L -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Battelino, M -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellardi, F -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bhat, P N -- Bissaldi, E -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bogaert, G -- Bogart, J R -- Bonamente, E -- Bonnell, J -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Briggs, M S -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Burrows, D -- Busetto, G -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Ceccanti, M -- Cecchi, C -- Celotti, A -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Connaughton, V -- Conrad, J -- Costamante, L -- Cutini, S -- Deklotz, M -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dingus, B L -- do Couto E Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Evans, P A -- Fabiani, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Finke, J -- Fishman, G -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giommi, P -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Goldstein, A -- Granot, J -- Greiner, J -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Haller, G -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hernando Morat, J A -- Hoover, A -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kavelaars, A -- Kawai, N -- Kelly, H -- Kennea, J -- Kerr, M -- Kippen, R M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocevski, D -- Kocian, M L -- Komin, N -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Landriu, D -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Lavalley, C -- Lee, B -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Lichti, G G -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marangelli, B -- Mazziotta, M N -- McBreen, S -- McEnery, J E -- McGlynn, S -- Meegan, C -- Meszaros, P -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Minuti, M -- Mirizzi, N -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Moretti, E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nelson, D -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paciesas, W S -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Perri, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Petrosian, V -- Pinchera, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Preece, R -- Raino, S -- Ramirez-Ruiz, E -- Rando, R -- Rapposelli, E -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Reyes, L C -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Segal, K N -- Sgro, C -- Shimokawabe, T -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stamatikos, M -- Starck, J-L -- Stecker, F W -- Steinle, H -- Stephens, T E -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tagliaferri, G -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Tenze, A -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Turri, M -- Tuvi, S -- Usher, T L -- van der Horst, A J -- Vigiani, L -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- von Kienlin, A -- Waite, A P -- Williams, D A -- Wilson-Hodge, C -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wu, X F -- Yamazaki, R -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1688-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169101. Epub 2009 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉