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  • 1
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    Progress toward steady-state tokamak operation exploiting the high bootstrap current fraction regime (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Description: Recent DIII-D experiments have increased the normalized fusion performance of the high bootstrap current fraction tokamak regime toward reactor-relevant steady state operation. The experiments, conducted by a joint team of researchers from the DIII-D and EAST tokamaks, developed a fully noninductive scenario that could be extended on EAST to a demonstration of long pulse steady-state tokamak operation. Improved understanding of scenario stability has led to the achievement of very high values of β p and β N , despite strong internal transport barriers. Good confinement has been achieved with reduced toroidal rotation. These high β p plasmas challenge the energy transport understanding, especially in the electron energy channel. A new turbulent transport model, named TGLF-SAT1, has been developed which improves the transport prediction. Experiments extending results to long pulse on EAST, based on the physics basis developed at DIII-D, have been conducted. More investigations will be carried out on EAST with more additional auxiliary power to come online in the near term.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Effects of heating power on divertor in-out asymmetry and scrape-off layer flow in reversed field on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: The dependence of divertor asymmetry and scrape-off layer (SOL) flow on heating power has been investigated in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Divertor plasma exhibits an outboard-enhanced in-out asymmetry in heat flux in lower single null configuration for in reversed (ion ∇ B drift direction toward the upper X-point) field directions. Upper single null exhibits an inboard-favored asymmetry in low heating power condition, while exhibits an outboard-favored asymmetry when increasing the heating power. Double null has the strongest in-out asymmetry in heat flux, favoring the outer divertor. The in-out asymmetry ratios of q t , out / q t , in and P out / P total increase with the power across the separatrix P loss , which is probably induced by the enhanced radial particle transport due to a large pressure gradient. The characteristics of the measured SOL parallel flow under various discharge conditions are consistent with the Pfirsch-Schlüter (PS) flow with the parallel Mach number M ∥ decreasing with the line averaged density but increasing with P loss , in the same direction as the PS flow. The contributions of both poloidal E × B drift and parallel flow on poloidal particle transport in SOL on EAST are also assessed.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Edge-coherent-mode nature of the small edge localized modes in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-24
    Description: High-confinement regime with high-frequency and low-energy-loss small edge localized modes (ELMs) was achieved in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak by using the lower hybrid current drive and ion cyclotron resonance heating with lithium wall conditioning. The small ELMs are usually accompanied with a quasi-coherent mode at frequency around 30 kHz, as detected by the Langmuir probes near the separatrix. The coherent mode, with weak magnetic perturbations different from the precursor of conventional ELMs, propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction in the lab frame with the poloidal wavelength λ θ  ∼ 14 cm, corresponding to both high poloidal and toroidal mode numbers (m 〉 60 and n 〉 12). This coherent mode, carrying high-temperature high-density filament-like plasma, drives considerable transport from the pedestal region into the scrape-off layer towards divertor region. The co-existence of small ELMs and quasi-coherent modes is beneficial for the sustainment of long pulse H-mode regime without significant confinement degradation.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Lower hybrid current drive and ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating experiments in H-mode plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokomak (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-19
    Description: An ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) system with power up to 6.0 MW and a lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system up to 4 MW have been applied for heating and current drive experiments in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokomak (EAST). Significant progress has been made with ICRF heating and LHCD for realizing the H-mode plasma operation in EAST. During 2010 and 2012 experimental campaigns, ICRF heating experiments were carried out at the fixed frequency of 27MHz, achieving effective ions and electrons heating with the H minority heating (H-MH) mode. The H-MH mode produced good plasma performance, and realized H-mode using ICRF power alone in 2012. In 2010, H-modes were generated and sustained by LHCD alone, where lithium coating and gas puffing near the mouth of the LH launcher were applied to improve the LHCD power coupling and penetration into the core plasmas of H-modes. In 2012, the combination of LHCD and ICRH power extended the H-mode duration up to over 30 s. H-modes with various types of edge localized modes (ELMs) have been achieved with H IPB98 (y, 2) ranging from 0.7 to over unity. A brief overview of LHCD and ICRF Heating experiment and their application in achieving H-mode operation during these two campaigns will be presented.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Pollution: Clear blue skies over Beijing (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Zhaohui -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):145. doi: 10.1038/517145c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/adverse effects/*prevention & control ; China ; Climate Change ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Public Health ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Critical population density triggers rapid formation of vast oceanic fish shoals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Similarities in the behavior of diverse animal species that form large groups have motivated attempts to establish general principles governing animal group behavior. It has been difficult, however, to make quantitative measurements of the temporal and spatial behavior of extensive animal groups in the wild, such as bird flocks, fish shoals, and locust swarms. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, we show that (i) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (ii) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (iii) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Each of these findings confirms general theoretical predictions believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- Jagannathan, Srinivasan -- Gong, Zheng -- Andrews, Mark -- Bertsatos, Ioannis -- Godo, Olav Rune -- Nero, Redwood W -- Jech, J Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1734-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Spatial Behavior ; *Swimming ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Two pairs of neurons in the central brain control Drosophila innate light preference (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: Appropriate preferences for light or dark conditions can be crucial for an animal's survival. Innate light preferences are not static in some animals, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which prefers darkness in the feeding larval stage but prefers light in adulthood. To elucidate the neural circuit underlying light preference, we examined the neurons involved in larval phototactic behavior by regulating neuronal functions. Modulating activity of two pairs of isomorphic neurons in the central brain switched the larval light preference between photophobic and photophilic. These neurons were found to be immediately downstream of pdf-expressing lateral neurons, which are innervated by larval photoreceptors. Our results revealed a neural mechanism that could enable the adjustment of animals' response strategies to environmental stimuli according to biological needs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Zhefeng -- Liu, Jiangqu -- Guo, Chao -- Zhou, Yanqiong -- Teng, Yan -- Liu, Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1195993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China. zfgong@moon.ibp.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*radiation effects ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/growth & development/*radiation effects ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Larva/physiology/radiation effects ; *Light ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evidence for an oxygen-depleted liquid outer core of the Earth (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-25
    Description: On the basis of geophysical observations, cosmochemical constraints, and high-pressure experimental data, the Earth's liquid outer core consists of mainly liquid iron alloyed with about ten per cent (by weight) of light elements. Although the concentrations of the light elements are small, they nevertheless affect the Earth's core: its rate of cooling, the growth of the inner core, the dynamics of core convection, and the evolution of the geodynamo. Several light elements-including sulphur, oxygen, silicon, carbon and hydrogen-have been suggested, but the precise identity of the light elements in the Earth's core is still unclear. Oxygen has been proposed as a major light element in the core on the basis of cosmochemical arguments and chemical reactions during accretion. Its presence in the core has direct implications for Earth accretion conditions of oxidation state, pressure and temperature. Here we report new shockwave data in the Fe-S-O system that are directly applicable to the outer core. The data include both density and sound velocity measurements, which we compare with the observed density and velocity profiles of the liquid outer core. The results show that we can rule out oxygen as a major light element in the liquid outer core because adding oxygen into liquid iron would not reproduce simultaneously the observed density and sound velocity profiles of the outer core. An oxygen-depleted core would imply a more reduced environment during early Earth accretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Haijun -- Fei, Yingwei -- Cai, Lingcang -- Jing, Fuqian -- Hu, Xiaojun -- Xie, Hongsen -- Zhang, Lianmeng -- Gong, Zizheng -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 23;479(7374):513-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    A histone acetyltransferase regulates active DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Active DNA demethylation is an important part of epigenetic regulation in plants and animals. How active DNA demethylation is regulated and its relationship with histone modification patterns are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of IDM1, a regulator of DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis. IDM1 is required for preventing DNA hypermethylation of highly homologous multicopy genes and other repetitive sequences that are normally targeted for active DNA demethylation by Repressor of Silencing 1 and related 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases. IDM1 binds methylated DNA at chromatin sites lacking histone H3K4 di- or trimethylation and acetylates H3 to create a chromatin environment permissible for 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases to function. Our study reveals how some genes are indicated by multiple epigenetic marks for active DNA demethylation and protection from silencing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575687/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575687/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qian, Weiqiang -- Miki, Daisuke -- Zhang, Heng -- Liu, Yunhua -- Zhang, Xi -- Tang, Kai -- Kan, Yunchao -- La, Honggui -- Li, Xiaojie -- Li, Shaofang -- Zhu, Xiaohong -- Shi, Xiaobing -- Zhang, Kangling -- Pontes, Olga -- Chen, Xuemei -- Liu, Renyi -- Gong, Zhizhong -- Zhu, Jian-Kang -- R01 GM059138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM059138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM070795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1445-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1219416.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Glycosylases/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Plant ; Histone Acetyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Electromagnetic interference reduction design of alternating integrator for EAST (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-29
    Description: An alternating integrator has been designed for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak that is intended for long pulse operation of up to 1000 s. The electromagnetic operating environment for the device is so complex that it could affect the performance of the integrator. The new integrator system is carefully designed and actualized based on specific reduced electromagnetic interference requirements, which were formulated based on consideration of processing of the input signals, the isolation properties, and the circuit board layout and grounding. The developed integrator shows excellent electromagnetic compatibility and low-drift properties.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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