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  • Animals  (26)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (8)
  • 2005-2009  (14)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
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  • 1
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    Molecular evidence for the early evolution of photosynthesis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-08
    Beschreibung: The origin and evolution of photosynthesis have long remained enigmatic due to a lack of sequence information of photosynthesis genes across the entire photosynthetic domain. To probe early evolutionary history of photosynthesis, we obtained new sequence information of a number of photosynthesis genes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum and the green nonsulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. A total of 31 open reading frames that encode enzymes involved in bacteriochlorophyll/porphyrin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transfer were identified in about 100 kilobase pairs of genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple magnesium-tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes using a combination of distance, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods indicate that heliobacteria are closest to the last common ancestor of all oxygenic photosynthetic lineages and that green sulfur bacteria and green nonsulfur bacteria are each other's closest relatives. Parsimony and distance analyses further identify purple bacteria as the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage. These results challenge previous conclusions based on 16S ribosomal RNA and Hsp60/Hsp70 analyses that green nonsulfur bacteria or heliobacteria are the earliest phototrophs. The overall consensus of our phylogenetic analysis, that bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis evolved before chlorophyll biosynthesis, also argues against the long-held Granick hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, J -- Fischer, W M -- Inoue, K -- Nakahara, M -- Bauer, C E -- GM53940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1724-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacteriochlorophylls/biosynthesis/genetics ; Chlorobi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Chlorophyll/biosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-06-20
    Beschreibung: In humans, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor deficiency leads to a predisposition to mycobacterial infections and impairs the formation of mature granulomas. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor deficiency was found in otherwise healthy individuals with mycobacterial infections. Mature granulomas were seen, surrounded by T cells and centered with epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells, yet reduced IFN-gamma concentrations were found to be secreted by activated natural killer and T cells. Thus, IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma secretion in humans seems essential in the control of mycobacterial infections, despite the formation of mature granulomas due to IL-12-independent IFN-gamma secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altare, F -- Durandy, A -- Lammas, D -- Emile, J F -- Lamhamedi, S -- Le Deist, F -- Drysdale, P -- Jouanguy, E -- Doffinger, R -- Bernaudin, F -- Jeppsson, O -- Gollob, J A -- Meinl, E -- Segal, A W -- Fischer, A -- Kumararatne, D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 29;280(5368):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology/secretion ; Interleukin-12/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology ; *Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Localization of a short-term memory in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-04-28
    Beschreibung: Memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. The search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. However, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. The rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the Drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a component of olfactory short-term memory. This demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in a small brain region can be sufficient for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zars, T -- Fischer, M -- Schulz, R -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor Boveri Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, (Biozentrum) Am Hubland, D97074, Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Mutation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Smell ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cleavage of the BMP-4 antagonist chordin by zebrafish tolloid (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-01-07
    Beschreibung: Dorsoventral patterning of vertebrate and Drosophila embryos requires bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and antagonists of BMP activity. The Drosophila gene tolloid encodes a metalloprotease similar to BMP-1 that interacts genetically with decapentaplegic, the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate BMP-2/4. Zebrafish embryos overexpressing a zebrafish homolog of tolloid were shown to resemble loss-of-function mutations in chordino, the zebrafish homolog of the Xenopus BMP-4 antagonist Chordin. Furthermore, Chordin was degraded by COS cells expressing Tolloid. These data suggest that Tolloid antagonizes Chordin activity by proteolytically cleaving Chordin. A conserved function for zebrafish and Drosophila Tolloid during embryogenesis is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blader, P -- Rastegar, S -- Fischer, N -- Strahle, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Lineage ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases ; Transfection ; Xenopus Proteins ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-02
    Beschreibung: MicroRNAs comprise a broad class of small non-coding RNAs that control expression of complementary target messenger RNAs. Dysregulation of microRNAs by several mechanisms has been described in various disease states including cardiac disease. Whereas previous studies of cardiac disease have focused on microRNAs that are primarily expressed in cardiomyocytes, the role of microRNAs expressed in other cell types of the heart is unclear. Here we show that microRNA-21 (miR-21, also known as Mirn21) regulates the ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function. miR-21 levels are increased selectively in fibroblasts of the failing heart, augmenting ERK-MAP kinase activity through inhibition of sprouty homologue 1 (Spry1). This mechanism regulates fibroblast survival and growth factor secretion, apparently controlling the extent of interstitial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. In vivo silencing of miR-21 by a specific antagomir in a mouse pressure-overload-induced disease model reduces cardiac ERK-MAP kinase activity, inhibits interstitial fibrosis and attenuates cardiac dysfunction. These findings reveal that microRNAs can contribute to myocardial disease by an effect in cardiac fibroblasts. Our results validate miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establish the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thum, Thomas -- Gross, Carina -- Fiedler, Jan -- Fischer, Thomas -- Kissler, Stephan -- Bussen, Markus -- Galuppo, Paolo -- Just, Steffen -- Rottbauer, Wolfgang -- Frantz, Stefan -- Castoldi, Mirco -- Soutschek, Jurgen -- Koteliansky, Victor -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Basson, M Albert -- Licht, Jonathan D -- Pena, John T R -- Rouhanifard, Sara H -- Muckenthaler, Martina U -- Tuschl, Thomas -- Martin, Gail R -- Bauersachs, Johann -- Engelhardt, Stefan -- R01 CA059998/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA78711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):980-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07511. Epub 2008 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine I, Interdisziplinares Zentrum fur Klinische Forschung (IZKF), University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Mei-P26 regulates microRNAs and cell growth in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell lineage (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-06
    Beschreibung: Drosophila neuroblasts and ovarian stem cells are well characterized models for stem cell biology. In both cell types, one daughter cell self-renews continuously while the other undergoes a limited number of divisions, stops to proliferate mitotically and differentiates. Whereas neuroblasts segregate the Trim-NHL (tripartite motif and Ncl-1, HT2A and Lin-41 domain)-containing protein Brain tumour (Brat) into one of the two daughter cells, ovarian stem cells are regulated by an extracellular signal from the surrounding stem cell niche. After division, one daughter cell looses niche contact. It undergoes 4 transit-amplifying divisions to form a cyst of 16 interconnected cells that reduce their rate of growth and stop to proliferate mitotically. Here we show that the Trim-NHL protein Mei-P26 (refs 7, 8) restricts growth and proliferation in the ovarian stem cell lineage. Mei-P26 expression is low in stem cells but is strongly induced in 16-cell cysts. In mei-P26 mutants, transit-amplifying cells are larger and proliferate indefinitely leading to the formation of an ovarian tumour. Like brat, mei-P26 regulates nucleolar size and can induce differentiation in Drosophila neuroblasts, suggesting that these genes act through the same pathway. We identify Argonaute-1, a component of the RISC complex, as a common binding partner of Brat and Mei-P26, and show that Mei-P26 acts by inhibiting the microRNA pathway. Mei-P26 and Brat have a similar domain composition that is also found in other tumour suppressors and might be a defining property of a new family of microRNA regulators that act specifically in stem cell lineages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988194/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988194/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumuller, Ralph A -- Betschinger, Joerg -- Fischer, Anja -- Bushati, Natascha -- Poernbacher, Ingrid -- Mechtler, Karl -- Cohen, Stephen M -- Knoblich, Juergen A -- P 16629/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):241-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07014. Epub 2008 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Enlargement ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Cell Size ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/classification/*cytology/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors ; Female ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Ovary/*cytology/metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-04-11
    Beschreibung: Terrestrial vegetation, especially tropical rain forest, releases vast quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, which are removed by oxidation reactions and deposition of reaction products. The oxidation is mainly initiated by hydroxyl radicals (OH), primarily formed through the photodissociation of ozone. Previously it was thought that, in unpolluted air, biogenic VOCs deplete OH and reduce the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Conversely, in polluted air VOC oxidation leads to noxious oxidant build-up by the catalytic action of nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO2). Here we report aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases performed over the pristine Amazon forest. Our data reveal unexpectedly high OH concentrations. We propose that natural VOC oxidation, notably of isoprene, recycles OH efficiently in low-NO(x) air through reactions of organic peroxy radicals. Computations with an atmospheric chemistry model and the results of laboratory experiments suggest that an OH recycling efficiency of 40-80 per cent in isoprene oxidation may be able to explain the high OH levels we observed in the field. Although further laboratory studies are necessary to explore the chemical mechanism responsible for OH recycling in more detail, our results demonstrate that the biosphere maintains a remarkable balance with the atmospheric environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lelieveld, J -- Butler, T M -- Crowley, J N -- Dillon, T J -- Fischer, H -- Ganzeveld, L -- Harder, H -- Lawrence, M G -- Martinez, M -- Taraborrelli, D -- Williams, J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):737-40. doi: 10.1038/nature06870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 27 Becherweg, 55128 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Butadienes/metabolism ; French Guiana ; Guyana ; Hemiterpenes/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone/analysis ; Pentanes/metabolism ; Suriname ; Trees/*metabolism ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Trans-splicing in C. elegans generates the negative RNAi regulator ERI-6/7 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-12
    Beschreibung: Mutations that enhance the response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) have revealed components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway or related small RNA pathways. To explore these small RNA pathways, we screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants displaying an enhanced response to exogenous dsRNAs. Here we describe the isolation of mutations in two adjacent, divergently transcribed open reading frames (eri-6 and eri-7) that fail to complement. eri-6 and eri-7 produce separate pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) that are trans-spliced to form a functional mRNA, eri-6/7. Trans-splicing of eri-6/7 is mediated by a direct repeat that flanks the eri-6 gene. Adenosine to inosine editing within untranslated regions of eri-6 and eri-7 pre-mRNAs reveals a double-stranded pre-mRNA intermediate, forming in the nucleus before splicing occurs. The ERI-6/7 protein is a superfamily I helicase that both negatively regulates the exogenous RNAi pathway and functions in an endogenous RNAi pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Sylvia E J -- Butler, Maurice D -- Pan, Qi -- Ruvkun, Gary -- R01 GM044619/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM044619-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):491-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07274. Epub 2008 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/classification/*genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Helicases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Helminth/*genetics ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; RNA Interference/*physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; *Trans-Splicing
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Distinct sensory representations of wind and near-field sound in the Drosophila brain (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-13
    Beschreibung: Behavioural responses to wind are thought to have a critical role in controlling the dispersal and population genetics of wild Drosophila species, as well as their navigation in flight, but their underlying neurobiological basis is unknown. We show that Drosophila melanogaster, like wild-caught Drosophila strains, exhibits robust wind-induced suppression of locomotion in response to air currents delivered at speeds normally encountered in nature. Here we identify wind-sensitive neurons in Johnston's organ, an antennal mechanosensory structure previously implicated in near-field sound detection (reviewed in refs 5 and 6). Using enhancer trap lines targeted to different subsets of Johnston's organ neurons, and a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we show that wind and near-field sound (courtship song) activate distinct populations of Johnston's organ neurons, which project to different regions of the antennal and mechanosensory motor centre in the central brain. Selective genetic ablation of wind-sensitive Johnston's organ neurons in the antenna abolishes wind-induced suppression of locomotion behaviour, without impairing hearing. Moreover, different neuronal subsets within the wind-sensitive population respond to different directions of arista deflection caused by air flow and project to different regions of the antennal and mechanosensory motor centre, providing a rudimentary map of wind direction in the brain. Importantly, sound- and wind-sensitive Johnston's organ neurons exhibit different intrinsic response properties: the former are phasically activated by small, bi-directional, displacements of the aristae, whereas the latter are tonically activated by unidirectional, static deflections of larger magnitude. These different intrinsic properties are well suited to the detection of oscillatory pulses of near-field sound and laminar air flow, respectively. These data identify wind-sensitive neurons in Johnston's organ, a structure that has been primarily associated with hearing, and reveal how the brain can distinguish different types of air particle movements using a common sensory organ.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755041/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755041/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yorozu, Suzuko -- Wong, Allan -- Fischer, Brian J -- Dankert, Heiko -- Kernan, Maurice J -- Kamikouchi, Azusa -- Ito, Kei -- Anderson, David J -- R01 DC002780/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007737/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007737-30/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):201-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. yorozu@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Air Movements ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena/physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Stable isotope constraints on Holocene carbon cycle changes from an Antarctic ice core (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-26
    Beschreibung: Reconstructions of atmospheric CO(2) concentrations based on Antarctic ice cores reveal significant changes during the Holocene epoch, but the processes responsible for these changes in CO(2) concentrations have not been unambiguously identified. Distinct characteristics in the carbon isotope signatures of the major carbon reservoirs (ocean, biosphere, sediments and atmosphere) constrain variations in the CO(2) fluxes between those reservoirs. Here we present a highly resolved atmospheric delta(13)C record for the past 11,000 years from measurements on atmospheric CO(2) trapped in an Antarctic ice core. From mass-balance inverse model calculations performed with a simplified carbon cycle model, we show that the decrease in atmospheric CO(2) of about 5 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.). The increase in delta(13)C of about 0.25 per thousand during the early Holocene is most probably the result of a combination of carbon uptake of about 290 gigatonnes of carbon by the land biosphere and carbon release from the ocean in response to carbonate compensation of the terrestrial uptake during the termination of the last ice age. The 20 p.p.m.v. increase of atmospheric CO(2) and the small decrease in delta(13)C of about 0.05 per thousand during the later Holocene can mostly be explained by contributions from carbonate compensation of earlier land-biosphere uptake and coral reef formation, with only a minor contribution from a small decrease of the land-biosphere carbon inventory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elsig, Joachim -- Schmitt, Jochen -- Leuenberger, Daiana -- Schneider, Robert -- Eyer, Marc -- Leuenberger, Markus -- Joos, Fortunat -- Fischer, Hubertus -- Stocker, Thomas F -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):507-10. doi: 10.1038/nature08393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Air/analysis ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Anthozoa/growth & development/metabolism ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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