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  • 1
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    Measurements of spontaneous potential in chalk with application to aquifer characterization in the southern UK (2012)
    Geological Society of London
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: We report the first measured values of the streaming potential coupling coefficient in chalk samples saturated with natural groundwater, and preliminary field measurements of the spontaneous potential (SP), at both ambient and pumped conditions, at a test site in the Berkshire Chalk aquifer in the southern UK. The ultimate aim of the work is to use measurements of SP, in conjunction with borehole data, to characterize groundwater flow and aquifer properties. Laboratory measurements yield a value of the streaming potential coupling coefficient of –60 ± 4 mV MPa –1 and a corresponding zeta potential of –13 ± 1 mV. A negative zeta potential contrasts with previous published open-system measurements on artificial calcite, and may reflect the presence of organic material in the natural chalk samples or HCO 3 and SO 4 ions in the groundwater. Field measurements at ambient conditions show temporal variations in SP consistent with flow processes within the aquifer, but no coherent spatial variations. Measurements during water abstraction demonstrate that voltages at the ground surface and in monitoring boreholes become more positive during pressure drawdown and more negative during pressure build-up, consistent with the negative values of streaming potential coupling coefficient and zeta potential observed in the laboratory. Moreover, the magnitude of the change in voltage is similar to that estimated using the laboratory value of the coupling coefficient. Our results suggest that measurements of SP may make a valuable contribution to characterizing groundwater flow in the UK Chalk aquifer.
    Print ISSN: 1470-9236
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 2
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    Trans-splicing in C. elegans generates the negative RNAi regulator ERI-6/7 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Mutations that enhance the response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) have revealed components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway or related small RNA pathways. To explore these small RNA pathways, we screened for Caenorhabditis elegans mutants displaying an enhanced response to exogenous dsRNAs. Here we describe the isolation of mutations in two adjacent, divergently transcribed open reading frames (eri-6 and eri-7) that fail to complement. eri-6 and eri-7 produce separate pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) that are trans-spliced to form a functional mRNA, eri-6/7. Trans-splicing of eri-6/7 is mediated by a direct repeat that flanks the eri-6 gene. Adenosine to inosine editing within untranslated regions of eri-6 and eri-7 pre-mRNAs reveals a double-stranded pre-mRNA intermediate, forming in the nucleus before splicing occurs. The ERI-6/7 protein is a superfamily I helicase that both negatively regulates the exogenous RNAi pathway and functions in an endogenous RNAi pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Sylvia E J -- Butler, Maurice D -- Pan, Qi -- Ruvkun, Gary -- R01 GM044619/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM044619-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):491-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07274. Epub 2008 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/classification/*genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Helicases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Helminth/*genetics ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; RNA Interference/*physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; *Trans-Splicing
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Conserving Soil (1956)
    Ovid Technologies
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    Publication Date: 1956-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-075X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-9243
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Ovid Technologies
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