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  • Articles  (19)
  • Animals  (16)
  • Male  (7)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (19)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2010-2014  (19)
  • 2013  (19)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Robert S -- Nachman, Keeve E -- Smith, Tyler J -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 22;500(7463):400. doi: 10.1038/500400b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology ; Humans ; Meat/*microbiology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification ; Staphylococcal Infections/*transmission/*veterinary ; Zoonoses/*microbiology/*transmission
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-04-12
    Description: Obtaining high-resolution information from a complex system, while maintaining the global perspective needed to understand system function, represents a key challenge in biology. Here we address this challenge with a method (termed CLARITY) for the transformation of intact tissue into a nanoporous hydrogel-hybridized form (crosslinked to a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers) that is fully assembled but optically transparent and macromolecule-permeable. Using mouse brains, we show intact-tissue imaging of long-range projections, local circuit wiring, cellular relationships, subcellular structures, protein complexes, nucleic acids and neurotransmitters. CLARITY also enables intact-tissue in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry with multiple rounds of staining and de-staining in non-sectioned tissue, and antibody labelling throughout the intact adult mouse brain. Finally, we show that CLARITY enables fine structural analysis of clinical samples, including non-sectioned human tissue from a neuropsychiatric-disease setting, establishing a path for the transmutation of human tissue into a stable, intact and accessible form suitable for probing structural and molecular underpinnings of physiological function and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092167/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092167/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, Kwanghun -- Wallace, Jenelle -- Kim, Sung-Yon -- Kalyanasundaram, Sandhiya -- Andalman, Aaron S -- Davidson, Thomas J -- Mirzabekov, Julie J -- Zalocusky, Kelly A -- Mattis, Joanna -- Denisin, Aleksandra K -- Pak, Sally -- Bernstein, Hannah -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Grosenick, Logan -- Gradinaru, Viviana -- Deisseroth, Karl -- DP1 OD000616/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA020794/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH099647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 16;497(7449):332-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12107. Epub 2013 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23575631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry ; Formaldehyde/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogel/chemistry ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; In Situ Hybridization/methods ; Lipids/isolation & purification ; Mice ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Permeability ; Phenotype ; Scattering, Radiation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4049315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4049315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Desai, Tushar J -- Krasnow, Mark A -- U01 HL099995/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):204-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12706. Epub 2013 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Dedifferentiation ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Male ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: Large-scale chromosome structure and spatial nuclear arrangement have been linked to control of gene expression and DNA replication and repair. Genomic techniques based on chromosome conformation capture (3C) assess contacts for millions of loci simultaneously, but do so by averaging chromosome conformations from millions of nuclei. Here we introduce single-cell Hi-C, combined with genome-wide statistical analysis and structural modelling of single-copy X chromosomes, to show that individual chromosomes maintain domain organization at the megabase scale, but show variable cell-to-cell chromosome structures at larger scales. Despite this structural stochasticity, localization of active gene domains to boundaries of chromosome territories is a hallmark of chromosomal conformation. Single-cell Hi-C data bridge current gaps between genomics and microscopy studies of chromosomes, demonstrating how modular organization underlies dynamic chromosome structure, and how this structure is probabilistically linked with genome activity patterns.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869051/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869051/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagano, Takashi -- Lubling, Yaniv -- Stevens, Tim J -- Schoenfelder, Stefan -- Yaffe, Eitan -- Dean, Wendy -- Laue, Ernest D -- Tanay, Amos -- Fraser, Peter -- BBS/E/B/0000M241/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/E/B/000C0404/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800036/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G117/530/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 3;502(7469):59-64. doi: 10.1038/nature12593. Epub 2013 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry ; Chromosomes/*chemistry/genetics ; *Genetic Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Single-Cell Analysis ; X Chromosome/chemistry/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-08-13
    Description: Epileptic encephalopathies are a devastating group of severe childhood epilepsy disorders for which the cause is often unknown. Here we report a screen for de novo mutations in patients with two classical epileptic encephalopathies: infantile spasms (n = 149) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 115). We sequenced the exomes of 264 probands, and their parents, and confirmed 329 de novo mutations. A likelihood analysis showed a significant excess of de novo mutations in the approximately 4,000 genes that are the most intolerant to functional genetic variation in the human population (P = 2.9 x 10(-3)). Among these are GABRB3, with de novo mutations in four patients, and ALG13, with the same de novo mutation in two patients; both genes show clear statistical evidence of association with epileptic encephalopathy. Given the relevant site-specific mutation rates, the probabilities of these outcomes occurring by chance are P = 4.1 x 10(-10) and P = 7.8 x 10(-12), respectively. Other genes with de novo mutations in this cohort include CACNA1A, CHD2, FLNA, GABRA1, GRIN1, GRIN2B, HNRNPU, IQSEC2, MTOR and NEDD4L. Finally, we show that the de novo mutations observed are enriched in specific gene sets including genes regulated by the fragile X protein (P 〈 10(-8)), as has been reported previously for autism spectrum disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773011/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773011/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epi4K Consortium -- Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project -- Allen, Andrew S -- Berkovic, Samuel F -- Cossette, Patrick -- Delanty, Norman -- Dlugos, Dennis -- Eichler, Evan E -- Epstein, Michael P -- Glauser, Tracy -- Goldstein, David B -- Han, Yujun -- Heinzen, Erin L -- Hitomi, Yuki -- Howell, Katherine B -- Johnson, Michael R -- Kuzniecky, Ruben -- Lowenstein, Daniel H -- Lu, Yi-Fan -- Madou, Maura R Z -- Marson, Anthony G -- Mefford, Heather C -- Esmaeeli Nieh, Sahar -- O'Brien, Terence J -- Ottman, Ruth -- Petrovski, Slave -- Poduri, Annapurna -- Ruzzo, Elizabeth K -- Scheffer, Ingrid E -- Sherr, Elliott H -- Yuskaitis, Christopher J -- Abou-Khalil, Bassel -- Alldredge, Brian K -- Bautista, Jocelyn F -- Boro, Alex -- Cascino, Gregory D -- Consalvo, Damian -- Crumrine, Patricia -- Devinsky, Orrin -- Fiol, Miguel -- Fountain, Nathan B -- French, Jacqueline -- Friedman, Daniel -- Geller, Eric B -- Glynn, Simon -- Haut, Sheryl R -- Hayward, Jean -- Helmers, Sandra L -- Joshi, Sucheta -- Kanner, Andres -- Kirsch, Heidi E -- Knowlton, Robert C -- Kossoff, Eric H -- Kuperman, Rachel -- McGuire, Shannon M -- Motika, Paul V -- Novotny, Edward J -- Paolicchi, Juliann M -- Parent, Jack M -- Park, Kristen -- Shellhaas, Renee A -- Shih, Jerry J -- Singh, Rani -- Sirven, Joseph -- Smith, Michael C -- Sullivan, Joseph -- Lin Thio, Liu -- Venkat, Anu -- Vining, Eileen P G -- Von Allmen, Gretchen K -- Weisenberg, Judith L -- Widdess-Walsh, Peter -- Winawer, Melodie R -- 1RC2NS070342/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS053998/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077364/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56AI098588/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS053998/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077364/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000005/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 12;501(7466):217-21. doi: 10.1038/nature12439. Epub 2013 Aug 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; Cohort Studies ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics/physiopathology ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Mutation Rate ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics ; Probability ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics ; Spasms, Infantile/*genetics/physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes. To examine this, we generated a high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map. Detailed automatic and manual annotation provides evidence of more than 26,000 protein-coding genes, the largest gene set of any vertebrate so far sequenced. Comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human genes have at least one obvious zebrafish orthologue. In addition, the high quality of this genome assembly provides a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebrafish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, Kerstin -- Clark, Matthew D -- Torroja, Carlos F -- Torrance, James -- Berthelot, Camille -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Collins, John E -- Humphray, Sean -- McLaren, Karen -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Sealy, Ian -- Caccamo, Mario -- Churcher, Carol -- Scott, Carol -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Koch, Romke -- Rauch, Gerd-Jorg -- White, Simon -- Chow, William -- Kilian, Britt -- Quintais, Leonor T -- Guerra-Assuncao, Jose A -- Zhou, Yi -- Gu, Yong -- Yen, Jennifer -- Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk -- Eyre, Tina -- Redmond, Seth -- Banerjee, Ruby -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Fu, Beiyuan -- Langley, Elizabeth -- Maguire, Sean F -- Laird, Gavin K -- Lloyd, David -- Kenyon, Emma -- Donaldson, Sarah -- Sehra, Harminder -- Almeida-King, Jeff -- Loveland, Jane -- Trevanion, Stephen -- Jones, Matt -- Quail, Mike -- Willey, Dave -- Hunt, Adrienne -- Burton, John -- Sims, Sarah -- McLay, Kirsten -- Plumb, Bob -- Davis, Joy -- Clee, Chris -- Oliver, Karen -- Clark, Richard -- Riddle, Clare -- Elliot, David -- Threadgold, Glen -- Harden, Glenn -- Ware, Darren -- Begum, Sharmin -- Mortimore, Beverley -- Kerry, Giselle -- Heath, Paul -- Phillimore, Benjamin -- Tracey, Alan -- Corby, Nicole -- Dunn, Matthew -- Johnson, Christopher -- Wood, Jonathan -- Clark, Susan -- Pelan, Sarah -- Griffiths, Guy -- Smith, Michelle -- Glithero, Rebecca -- Howden, Philip -- Barker, Nicholas -- Lloyd, Christine -- Stevens, Christopher -- Harley, Joanna -- Holt, Karen -- Panagiotidis, Georgios -- Lovell, Jamieson -- Beasley, Helen -- Henderson, Carl -- Gordon, Daria -- Auger, Katherine -- Wright, Deborah -- Collins, Joanna -- Raisen, Claire -- Dyer, Lauren -- Leung, Kenric -- Robertson, Lauren -- Ambridge, Kirsty -- Leongamornlert, Daniel -- McGuire, Sarah -- Gilderthorp, Ruth -- Griffiths, Coline -- Manthravadi, Deepa -- Nichol, Sarah -- Barker, Gary -- Whitehead, Siobhan -- Kay, Michael -- Brown, Jacqueline -- Murnane, Clare -- Gray, Emma -- Humphries, Matthew -- Sycamore, Neil -- Barker, Darren -- Saunders, David -- Wallis, Justene -- Babbage, Anne -- Hammond, Sian -- Mashreghi-Mohammadi, Maryam -- Barr, Lucy -- Martin, Sancha -- Wray, Paul -- Ellington, Andrew -- Matthews, Nicholas -- Ellwood, Matthew -- Woodmansey, Rebecca -- Clark, Graham -- Cooper, James D -- Tromans, Anthony -- Grafham, Darren -- Skuce, Carl -- Pandian, Richard -- Andrews, Robert -- Harrison, Elliot -- Kimberley, Andrew -- Garnett, Jane -- Fosker, Nigel -- Hall, Rebekah -- Garner, Patrick -- Kelly, Daniel -- Bird, Christine -- Palmer, Sophie -- Gehring, Ines -- Berger, Andrea -- Dooley, Christopher M -- Ersan-Urun, Zubeyde -- Eser, Cigdem -- Geiger, Horst -- Geisler, Maria -- Karotki, Lena -- Kirn, Anette -- Konantz, Judith -- Konantz, Martina -- Oberlander, Martina -- Rudolph-Geiger, Silke -- Teucke, Mathias -- Lanz, Christa -- Raddatz, Gunter -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Zhu, Baoli -- Rapp, Amanda -- Widaa, Sara -- Langford, Cordelia -- Yang, Fengtang -- Schuster, Stephan C -- Carter, Nigel P -- Harrow, Jennifer -- Ning, Zemin -- Herrero, Javier -- Searle, Steve M J -- Enright, Anton -- Geisler, Robert -- Plasterk, Ronald H A -- Lee, Charles -- Westerfield, Monte -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Zon, Leonard I -- Postlethwait, John H -- Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane -- Hubbard, Tim J P -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Rogers, Jane -- Stemple, Derek L -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1 R01 DK55377-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD022486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD22486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR010715/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR020833/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Pseudogenes/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sex Determination Processes/genetics ; Zebrafish/*genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4765315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4765315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golomb, Beatrice A -- Brenner, Sydney -- Chalfie, Martin -- Glashow, Sheldon Lee -- Glauber, Roy J -- Hubel, David Hunter -- Maskin, Eric S -- Greengard, Paul -- Gross, David J -- Roberts, Richard -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- Wilczek, Frank A -- Brown, Eric Michael -- Sejnowski, Terrence J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):409. doi: 10.1038/499409a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cacao ; Diet/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; *Nobel Prize
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: Species richness has dominated our view of global biodiversity patterns for centuries. The dominance of this paradigm is reflected in the focus by ecologists and conservation managers on richness and associated occurrence-based measures for understanding drivers of broad-scale diversity patterns and as a biological basis for management. However, this is changing rapidly, as it is now recognized that not only the number of species but the species present, their phenotypes and the number of individuals of each species are critical in determining the nature and strength of the relationships between species diversity and a range of ecological functions (such as biomass production and nutrient cycling). Integrating these measures should provide a more relevant representation of global biodiversity patterns in terms of ecological functions than that provided by simple species counts. Here we provide comparisons of a traditional global biodiversity distribution measure based on richness with metrics that incorporate species abundances and functional traits. We use data from standardized quantitative surveys of 2,473 marine reef fish species at 1,844 sites, spanning 133 degrees of latitude from all ocean basins, to identify new diversity hotspots in some temperate regions and the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. These relate to high diversity of functional traits amongst individuals in the community (calculated using Rao's Q), and differ from previously reported patterns in functional diversity and richness for terrestrial animals, which emphasize species-rich tropical regions only. There is a global trend for greater evenness in the number of individuals of each species, across the reef fish species observed at sites ('community evenness'), at higher latitudes. This contributes to the distribution of functional diversity hotspots and contrasts with well-known latitudinal gradients in richness. Our findings suggest that the contribution of species diversity to a range of ecosystem functions varies over large scales, and imply that in tropical regions, which have higher numbers of species, each species contributes proportionally less to community-level ecological processes on average than species in temperate regions. Metrics of ecological function usefully complement metrics of species diversity in conservation management, including when identifying planning priorities and when tracking changes to biodiversity values.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart-Smith, Rick D -- Bates, Amanda E -- Lefcheck, Jonathan S -- Duffy, J Emmett -- Baker, Susan C -- Thomson, Russell J -- Stuart-Smith, Jemina F -- Hill, Nicole A -- Kininmonth, Stuart J -- Airoldi, Laura -- Becerro, Mikel A -- Campbell, Stuart J -- Dawson, Terence P -- Navarrete, Sergio A -- Soler, German A -- Strain, Elisabeth M A -- Willis, Trevor J -- Edgar, Graham J -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):539-42. doi: 10.1038/nature12529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. rstuarts@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Coral Reefs ; Fishes/*classification ; *Geography ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; Species Specificity ; Temperature ; Tropical Climate
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein calcium sensors (GCaMP6) that outperformed other sensors in cultured neurons and in zebrafish, flies and mice in vivo. In layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the mouse visual cortex, GCaMP6 reliably detected single action potentials in neuronal somata and orientation-tuned synaptic calcium transients in individual dendritic spines. The orientation tuning of structurally persistent spines was largely stable over timescales of weeks. Orientation tuning averaged across spine populations predicted the tuning of their parent cell. Although the somata of GABAergic neurons showed little orientation tuning, their dendrites included highly tuned dendritic segments (5-40-microm long). GCaMP6 sensors thus provide new windows into the organization and dynamics of neural circuits over multiple spatial and temporal scales.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777791/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777791/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Tsai-Wen -- Wardill, Trevor J -- Sun, Yi -- Pulver, Stefan R -- Renninger, Sabine L -- Baohan, Amy -- Schreiter, Eric R -- Kerr, Rex A -- Orger, Michael B -- Jayaraman, Vivek -- Looger, Loren L -- Svoboda, Karel -- Kim, Douglas S -- T32 GM008042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 18;499(7458):295-300. doi: 10.1038/nature12354.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Spines/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/*chemistry ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Imaging ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: Maintenance of body temperature is essential for the survival of homeotherms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that is dedicated to thermoregulation. Owing to its remarkable capacity to dissipate stored energy and its demonstrated presence in adult humans, BAT holds great promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rodent data suggest the existence of two types of brown fat cells: constitutive BAT (cBAT), which is of embryonic origin and anatomically located in the interscapular region of mice; and recruitable BAT (rBAT), which resides within white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, and has alternatively been called beige, brite or inducible BAT. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate the formation and thermogenic activity of BAT. Here we use mouse models to provide evidence for a systemically active regulatory mechanism that controls whole-body BAT activity for thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Genetic ablation of the type 1A BMP receptor (Bmpr1a) in brown adipogenic progenitor cells leads to a severe paucity of cBAT. This in turn increases sympathetic input to WAT, thereby promoting the formation of rBAT within white fat depots. This previously unknown compensatory mechanism, aimed at restoring total brown-fat-mediated thermogenic capacity in the body, is sufficient to maintain normal temperature homeostasis and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These data suggest an important physiological cross-talk between constitutive and recruitable brown fat cells. This sophisticated regulatory mechanism of body temperature may participate in the control of energy balance and metabolic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulz, Tim J -- Huang, Ping -- Huang, Tian Lian -- Xue, Ruidan -- McDougall, Lindsay E -- Townsend, Kristy L -- Cypess, Aaron M -- Mishina, Yuji -- Gussoni, Emanuela -- Tseng, Yu-Hua -- F32 DK091996/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K23 DK081604/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK036836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047727/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007260/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 21;495(7441):379-83. doi: 10.1038/nature11943. Epub 2013 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23485971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/*cytology/innervation/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics/metabolism ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Energy Metabolism ; Mice ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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