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  • 1
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    Characterization of Si particles and their effects on and recrystallization in a nanostructured cold rolled Al-1% Si alloy (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: An Al-1.08 vol.% Si alloy was cold rolled to a reduction of 98% (? vM = 4.5) and then annealed at different temperatures up to 210?C (0.52 Tm) for different times. The deformed structure is characterized by a nanoscale lamellar structure with the presence of Si particles of coarse (〉 1 ?m), medium (100 nm - 1 ?m) and fine ( 〈 100 nm) sizes in the microstructure. Deformation zones are formed around the coarse Si particles and the boundary spacing is finer in the deformation zone than in the matrix. The medium Si particles have little effect on the morphology and boundary spacing. The fine Si particles are aligned along the lamellar boundaries indicating a stabilizing effect on the structural refinement during cold rolling. After annealing, enhanced recovery occurs in the deformation zones around the coarse Si particles. However the reduction in stored energy during recovery and the pinning effect of fine Si particles on the boundary migration prevent the advantage o...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Recrystallization textures and microstructures of Al-0.3%Cu alloy after deformation to high strains (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: An Al-0.3%Cu alloy was deformed to high strains by cold rolling. The as-deformed samples were annealed at different temperatures until complete recrystallization. The cold rolling textures were determined by X-ray diffraction while the recrystallization textures and microstructures were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction. It was found that the rolling texture was characterized by a strong Brass component. After complete recrystallization Goss and Cube textures were developed. The effects of deformation strain and annealing temperature on the recrystallization textures are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Development of a strong Goss texture during annealing of a heavily rolled Al?0.3% Cu alloy (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-26
    Description: The evolution of microstructure and texture during isochronal annealing of a heavily cold rolled Al-0.3% Cu alloy has been characterized using electron backscatter diffraction. It is found that the rolling texture of this alloy is dominated by the Brass component and that recrystallization during annealing leads to the formation of a pronounced Goss texture. It is suggested that the development of the strong Goss texture in Al-0.3% Cu is caused by preferred growth of Goss-oriented grains into the Brass-oriented matrix.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Effects of thermomechanical processing on the recrystallization texture and grain size of Al-1%Si sputtering target material (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-26
    Description: An Al-1%Si alloy was solution treated and deformed by conventional cold rolling to different strains, followed by annealing at various temperatures until complete recrystallization. The microstructures of annealed samples were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction. It is found that under optimal conditions of cold rolling and annealing, the microstructure desired for sputtering target materials with fine, uniformly sized and randomly textured grains can be obtained for the Al-1%Si alloy.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    New role of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in brown adipogenesis and energy expenditure (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Adipose tissue is central to the regulation of energy balance. Two functionally different types of fat are present in mammals: white adipose tissue, the primary site of triglyceride storage, and brown adipose tissue, which is specialized in energy expenditure and can counteract obesity. Factors that specify the developmental fate and function of white and brown adipose tissue remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that whereas some members of the family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) support white adipocyte differentiation, BMP7 singularly promotes differentiation of brown preadipocytes even in the absence of the normally required hormonal induction cocktail. BMP7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate PRDM16 (PR-domain-containing 16; ref. 4) and PGC-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator-1alpha; ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and adipogenic transcription factors PPARgamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-(also known as Mapk14) and PGC-1-dependent pathways. Moreover, BMP7 triggers commitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells to a brown adipocyte lineage, and implantation of these cells into nude mice results in development of adipose tissue containing mostly brown adipocytes. Bmp7 knockout embryos show a marked paucity of brown fat and an almost complete absence of UCP1. Adenoviral-mediated expression of BMP7 in mice results in a significant increase in brown, but not white, fat mass and leads to an increase in energy expenditure and a reduction in weight gain. These data reveal an important role of BMP7 in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and provide a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745972/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745972/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tseng, Yu-Hua -- Kokkotou, Efi -- Schulz, Tim J -- Huang, Tian Lian -- Winnay, Jonathon N -- Taniguchi, Cullen M -- Tran, T Thien -- Suzuki, Ryo -- Espinoza, Daniel O -- Yamamoto, Yuji -- Ahrens, Molly J -- Dudley, Andrew T -- Norris, Andrew W -- Kulkarni, Rohit N -- Kahn, C Ronald -- K08 DK064906/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK64906/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561-13/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK 060837/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK67536/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK070722/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK070722-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK070722-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):1000-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07221.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Obesity and Hormone Action, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. yu-hua.tseng@joslin.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3-L1 Cells ; *Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/growth & development ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Thermogenesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Brown-fat paucity due to impaired BMP signalling induces compensatory browning of white fat (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: Maintenance of body temperature is essential for the survival of homeotherms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that is dedicated to thermoregulation. Owing to its remarkable capacity to dissipate stored energy and its demonstrated presence in adult humans, BAT holds great promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rodent data suggest the existence of two types of brown fat cells: constitutive BAT (cBAT), which is of embryonic origin and anatomically located in the interscapular region of mice; and recruitable BAT (rBAT), which resides within white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, and has alternatively been called beige, brite or inducible BAT. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate the formation and thermogenic activity of BAT. Here we use mouse models to provide evidence for a systemically active regulatory mechanism that controls whole-body BAT activity for thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Genetic ablation of the type 1A BMP receptor (Bmpr1a) in brown adipogenic progenitor cells leads to a severe paucity of cBAT. This in turn increases sympathetic input to WAT, thereby promoting the formation of rBAT within white fat depots. This previously unknown compensatory mechanism, aimed at restoring total brown-fat-mediated thermogenic capacity in the body, is sufficient to maintain normal temperature homeostasis and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These data suggest an important physiological cross-talk between constitutive and recruitable brown fat cells. This sophisticated regulatory mechanism of body temperature may participate in the control of energy balance and metabolic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623555/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulz, Tim J -- Huang, Ping -- Huang, Tian Lian -- Xue, Ruidan -- McDougall, Lindsay E -- Townsend, Kristy L -- Cypess, Aaron M -- Mishina, Yuji -- Gussoni, Emanuela -- Tseng, Yu-Hua -- F32 DK091996/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K23 DK081604/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK036836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK077097/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047727/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007260/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 21;495(7441):379-83. doi: 10.1038/nature11943. Epub 2013 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23485971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/*cytology/innervation/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics/metabolism ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Energy Metabolism ; Mice ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Characterization of Cu Distribution in an Al-0.3%Cu Alloy Cold Rolled to 98% (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Description: In this study, the distribution of Cu element in a Al (99.9996% purity)-0.3%Cu alloy cold rolled to 98% has been characterized in detail by using three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and ChemiSTEM techniques. The cold rolled structure is a typical high strain lamellar structure with an average boundary spacing of 200 nm, indicating a strong role of the small amount of Cu element in stabilizing the microstructure to form the fine scale structure. A heavy segregation of Cu element in the lamellar boundaries of high angles has been observed and the Cu concentration in the boundaries can be as high as 20 times of the nominal concentration of the alloy, which is considered as the main reason for a formation of a stable nanoscale lamellar structure.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    The PTEN pathway in Tregs is a critical driver of the suppressive tumor microenvironment (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-08
    Description: The tumor microenvironment is profoundly immunosuppressive. We show that multiple tumor types create intratumoral immune suppression driven by a specialized form of regulatory T cell (T reg ) activation dependent on the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) lipid phosphatase. PTEN acted to stabilize T regs in tumors, preventing them from reprogramming into inflammatory effector cells. In mice with a T reg -specific deletion of PTEN, tumors grew slowly, were inflamed, and could not create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In normal mice, exposure to apoptotic tumor cells rapidly elicited PTEN-expressing T regs , and PTEN-deficient mice were unable to maintain tolerance to apoptotic cells. In wild-type mice with large established tumors, pharmacologic inhibition of PTEN after chemotherapy or immunotherapy profoundly reconfigured the tumor microenvironment, changing it from a suppressive to an inflammatory milieu, and tumors underwent rapid regression. Thus, the immunosuppressive milieu in tumors must be actively maintained, and tumors become susceptible to immune attack if the PTEN pathway in T regs is disrupted.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leakage current consideration of capillary electrophoresis under electroosmotic control
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 652 (1993), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(93)80669-Y
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a neutral hydrophilic coated capillary for capillary zone electrophoretic separation of proteins
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 685 (1994), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(94)00702-0
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