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  • Cell Line  (64)
  • Crystallography, X-Ray  (38)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (99)
  • 2010-2014  (99)
  • 2011  (44)
  • 2010  (55)
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  • 2010-2014  (99)
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  • 1
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    A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-24
    Description: Impulsivity, describing action without foresight, is an important feature of several psychiatric diseases, suicidality and violent behaviour. The complex origins of impulsivity hinder identification of the genes influencing it and the diseases with which it is associated. Here we perform exon-focused sequencing of impulsive individuals in a founder population, targeting fourteen genes belonging to the serotonin and dopamine domain. A stop codon in HTR2B was identified that is common (minor allele frequency 〉 1%) but exclusive to Finnish people. Expression of the gene in the human brain was assessed, as well as the molecular functionality of the stop codon, which was associated with psychiatric diseases marked by impulsivity in both population and family-based analyses. Knockout of Htr2b increased impulsive behaviours in mice, indicative of predictive validity. Our study shows the potential for identifying and tracing effects of rare alleles in complex behavioural phenotypes using founder populations, and indicates a role for HTR2B in impulsivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bevilacqua, Laura -- Doly, Stephane -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Yuan, Qiaoping -- Tikkanen, Roope -- Paunio, Tiina -- Zhou, Zhifeng -- Wedenoja, Juho -- Maroteaux, Luc -- Diaz, Silvina -- Belmer, Arnaud -- Hodgkinson, Colin A -- Dell'osso, Liliana -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Coccaro, Emil -- Rose, Richard J -- Peltonen, Leena -- Virkkunen, Matti -- Goldman, David -- AA-09203/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA-12502/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-10/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1061-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Female ; Finland ; Founder Effect ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genotype ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*genetics ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, 129 Strain ; Mice, Knockout ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/*genetics/*metabolism ; Testosterone/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Comprehensive methylome map of lineage commitment from haematopoietic progenitors (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-20
    Description: Epigenetic modifications must underlie lineage-specific differentiation as terminally differentiated cells express tissue-specific genes, but their DNA sequence is unchanged. Haematopoiesis provides a well-defined model to study epigenetic modifications during cell-fate decisions, as multipotent progenitors (MPPs) differentiate into progressively restricted myeloid or lymphoid progenitors. Although DNA methylation is critical for myeloid versus lymphoid differentiation, as demonstrated by the myeloerythroid bias in Dnmt1 hypomorphs, a comprehensive DNA methylation map of haematopoietic progenitors, or of any multipotent/oligopotent lineage, does not exist. Here we examined 4.6 million CpG sites throughout the genome for MPPs, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), and thymocyte progenitors (DN1, DN2, DN3). Marked epigenetic plasticity accompanied both lymphoid and myeloid restriction. Myeloid commitment involved less global DNA methylation than lymphoid commitment, supported functionally by myeloid skewing of progenitors following treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Differential DNA methylation correlated with gene expression more strongly at CpG island shores than CpG islands. Many examples of genes and pathways not previously known to be involved in choice between lymphoid/myeloid differentiation have been identified, such as Arl4c and Jdp2. Several transcription factors, including Meis1, were methylated and silenced during differentiation, indicating a role in maintaining an undifferentiated state. Additionally, epigenetic modification of modifiers of the epigenome seems to be important in haematopoietic differentiation. Our results directly demonstrate that modulation of DNA methylation occurs during lineage-specific differentiation and defines a comprehensive map of the methylation and transcriptional changes that accompany myeloid versus lymphoid fate decisions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956609/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956609/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Hong -- Ehrlich, Lauren I R -- Seita, Jun -- Murakami, Peter -- Doi, Akiko -- Lindau, Paul -- Lee, Hwajin -- Aryee, Martin J -- Irizarry, Rafael A -- Kim, Kitai -- Rossi, Derrick J -- Inlay, Matthew A -- Serwold, Thomas -- Karsunky, Holger -- Ho, Lena -- Daley, George Q -- Weissman, Irving L -- Feinberg, Andrew P -- CA09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI058521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI058521-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32AI058521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50HG003233/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG029760/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG029760-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AGO29760/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI047457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047457-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047457-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358-19/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37CA053458/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):338-42. doi: 10.1038/nature09367. Epub 2010 Aug 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 570 Rangos, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20720541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage/genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; *DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome/genetics ; *Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    TAp63 suppresses metastasis through coordinate regulation of Dicer and miRNAs (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the enzymes that control their processing have been reported in multiple biological processes including primary and metastatic tumours, but the mechanisms governing this are not clearly understood. Here we show that TAp63, a p53 family member, suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis, and coordinately regulates Dicer and miR-130b to suppress metastasis. Metastatic mouse and human tumours deficient in TAp63 express Dicer at very low levels, and we found that modulation of expression of Dicer and miR-130b markedly affected the metastatic potential of cells lacking TAp63. TAp63 binds to and transactivates the Dicer promoter, demonstrating direct transcriptional regulation of Dicer by TAp63. These data provide a novel understanding of the roles of TAp63 in tumour and metastasis suppression through the coordinate transcriptional regulation of Dicer and miR-130b and may have implications for the many processes regulated by miRNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaohua -- Chakravarti, Deepavali -- Cho, Min Soon -- Liu, Lingzhi -- Gi, Young Jin -- Lin, Yu-Li -- Leung, Marco L -- El-Naggar, Adel -- Creighton, Chad J -- Suraokar, Milind B -- Wistuba, Ignacio -- Flores, Elsa R -- 01DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- CA16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765-03/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 21;467(7318):986-90. doi: 10.1038/nature09459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/secretion ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of LEOPARD syndrome (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: The generation of reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with defined genetic disorders holds the promise of increased understanding of the aetiologies of complex diseases and may also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions. We have generated iPSCs from patients with LEOPARD syndrome (an acronym formed from its main features; that is, lentigines, electrocardiographic abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary valve stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth and deafness), an autosomal-dominant developmental disorder belonging to a relatively prevalent class of inherited RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling diseases, which also includes Noonan syndrome, with pleomorphic effects on several tissues and organ systems. The patient-derived cells have a mutation in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the SHP2 phosphatase. The iPSCs have been extensively characterized and produce multiple differentiated cell lineages. A major disease phenotype in patients with LEOPARD syndrome is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We show that in vitro-derived cardiomyocytes from LEOPARD syndrome iPSCs are larger, have a higher degree of sarcomeric organization and preferential localization of NFATC4 in the nucleus when compared with cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells or wild-type iPSCs derived from a healthy brother of one of the LEOPARD syndrome patients. These features correlate with a potential hypertrophic state. We also provide molecular insights into signalling pathways that may promote the disease phenotype.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885001/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885001/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carvajal-Vergara, Xonia -- Sevilla, Ana -- D'Souza, Sunita L -- Ang, Yen-Sin -- Schaniel, Christoph -- Lee, Dung-Fang -- Yang, Lei -- Kaplan, Aaron D -- Adler, Eric D -- Rozov, Roye -- Ge, Yongchao -- Cohen, Ninette -- Edelmann, Lisa J -- Chang, Betty -- Waghray, Avinash -- Su, Jie -- Pardo, Sherly -- Lichtenbelt, Klaske D -- Tartaglia, Marco -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Lemischka, Ihor R -- 5R01GM078465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078465-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):808-12. doi: 10.1038/nature09005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. xcarvajal@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/enzymology/metabolism/*pathology ; LEOPARD Syndrome/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Models, Biological ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/pathology ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Precision Medicine ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson's disease (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-08
    Description: Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. Directed differentiation of PSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons has been achieved. However, the effective use of PSCs for cell therapy has lagged behind. Whereas mouse PSC-derived DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson's disease, DA neurons from human PSCs generally show poor in vivo performance. There are also considerable safety concerns for PSCs related to their potential for teratoma formation or neural overgrowth. Here we present a novel floor-plate-based strategy for the derivation of human DA neurons that efficiently engraft in vivo, suggesting that past failures were due to incomplete specification rather than a specific vulnerability of the cells. Midbrain floor-plate precursors are derived from PSCs 11 days after exposure to small molecule activators of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and canonical WNT signalling. Engraftable midbrain DA neurons are obtained by day 25 and can be maintained in vitro for several months. Extensive molecular profiling, biochemical and electrophysiological data define developmental progression and confirm identity of PSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. In vivo survival and function is demonstrated in Parkinson's disease models using three host species. Long-term engraftment in 6-hydroxy-dopamine-lesioned mice and rats demonstrates robust survival of midbrain DA neurons derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, complete restoration of amphetamine-induced rotation behaviour and improvements in tests of forelimb use and akinesia. Finally, scalability is demonstrated by transplantation into parkinsonian monkeys. Excellent DA neuron survival, function and lack of neural overgrowth in the three animal models indicate promise for the development of cell-based therapies in Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245796/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245796/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kriks, Sonja -- Shim, Jae-Won -- Piao, Jinghua -- Ganat, Yosif M -- Wakeman, Dustin R -- Xie, Zhong -- Carrillo-Reid, Luis -- Auyeung, Gordon -- Antonacci, Chris -- Buch, Amanda -- Yang, Lichuan -- Beal, M Flint -- Surmeier, D James -- Kordower, Jeffrey H -- Tabar, Viviane -- Studer, Lorenz -- NS052671/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS047085/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS071669/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS071669-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 6;480(7378):547-51. doi: 10.1038/nature10648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*cytology/*transplantation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Mesencephalon/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Parkinson Disease/*therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty acid uptake (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-17
    Description: The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are major angiogenic regulators and are involved in several aspects of endothelial cell physiology. However, the detailed role of VEGF-B in blood vessel function has remained unclear. Here we show that VEGF-B has an unexpected role in endothelial targeting of lipids to peripheral tissues. Dietary lipids present in circulation have to be transported through the vascular endothelium to be metabolized by tissue cells, a mechanism that is poorly understood. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Vegfb was tightly co-expressed with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes across a large variety of physiological conditions in mice, pointing to a role for VEGF-B in metabolism. VEGF-B specifically controlled endothelial uptake of fatty acids via transcriptional regulation of vascular fatty acid transport proteins. As a consequence, Vegfb(-/-) mice showed less uptake and accumulation of lipids in muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue, and instead shunted lipids to white adipose tissue. This regulation was mediated by VEGF receptor 1 and neuropilin 1 expressed by the endothelium. The co-expression of VEGF-B and mitochondrial proteins introduces a novel regulatory mechanism, whereby endothelial lipid uptake and mitochondrial lipid use are tightly coordinated. The involvement of VEGF-B in lipid uptake may open up the possibility for novel strategies to modulate pathological lipid accumulation in diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagberg, Carolina E -- Falkevall, Annelie -- Wang, Xun -- Larsson, Erik -- Huusko, Jenni -- Nilsson, Ingrid -- van Meeteren, Laurens A -- Samen, Erik -- Lu, Li -- Vanwildemeersch, Maarten -- Klar, Joakim -- Genove, Guillem -- Pietras, Kristian -- Stone-Elander, Sharon -- Claesson-Welsh, Lena -- Yla-Herttuala, Seppo -- Lindahl, Per -- Eriksson, Ulf -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):917-21. doi: 10.1038/nature08945. Epub 2010 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tissue Biology Group, Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/cytology/*metabolism ; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins/genetics ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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  • 7
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    Evolution of a new enzyme for carbon disulphide conversion by an acidothermophilic archaeon (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-21
    Description: Extremophilic organisms require specialized enzymes for their exotic metabolisms. Acid-loving thermophilic Archaea that live in the mudpots of volcanic solfataras obtain their energy from reduced sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) and carbon disulphide (CS(2)). The oxidation of these compounds into sulphuric acid creates the extremely acidic environment that characterizes solfataras. The hyperthermophilic Acidianus strain A1-3, which was isolated from the fumarolic, ancient sauna building at the Solfatara volcano (Naples, Italy), was shown to rapidly convert CS(2) into H(2)S and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), but nothing has been known about the modes of action and the evolution of the enzyme(s) involved. Here we describe the structure, the proposed mechanism and evolution of a CS(2) hydrolase from Acidianus A1-3. The enzyme monomer displays a typical beta-carbonic anhydrase fold and active site, yet CO(2) is not one of its substrates. Owing to large carboxy- and amino-terminal arms, an unusual hexadecameric catenane oligomer has evolved. This structure results in the blocking of the entrance to the active site that is found in canonical beta-carbonic anhydrases and the formation of a single 15-A-long, highly hydrophobic tunnel that functions as a specificity filter. The tunnel determines the enzyme's substrate specificity for CS(2), which is hydrophobic. The transposon sequences that surround the gene encoding this CS(2) hydrolase point to horizontal gene transfer as a mechanism for its acquisition during evolution. Our results show how the ancient beta-carbonic anhydrase, which is central to global carbon metabolism, was transformed by divergent evolution into a crucial enzyme in CS(2) metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smeulders, Marjan J -- Barends, Thomas R M -- Pol, Arjan -- Scherer, Anna -- Zandvoort, Marcel H -- Udvarhelyi, Aniko -- Khadem, Ahmad F -- Menzel, Andreas -- Hermans, John -- Shoeman, Robert L -- Wessels, Hans J C T -- van den Heuvel, Lambert P -- Russ, Lina -- Schlichting, Ilme -- Jetten, Mike S M -- Op den Camp, Huub J M -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):412-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10464.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acidianus/classification/*enzymology/genetics ; Carbon Disulfide/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hydrolases/chemistry/*genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 8
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    Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Description: Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have a prominent role in the aetiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Substantial risk for schizophrenia is conferred by large (〉500-kilobase) CNVs at several loci, including microdeletions at 1q21.1 (ref. 2), 3q29 (ref. 3), 15q13.3 (ref. 2) and 22q11.2 (ref. 4) and microduplication at 16p11.2 (ref. 5). However, these CNVs collectively account for a small fraction (2-4%) of cases, and the relevant genes and neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we performed a large two-stage genome-wide scan of rare CNVs and report the significant association of copy number gains at chromosome 7q36.3 with schizophrenia. Microduplications with variable breakpoints occurred within a 362-kilobase region and were detected in 29 of 8,290 (0.35%) patients versus 2 of 7,431 (0.03%) controls in the combined sample. All duplications overlapped or were located within 89 kilobases upstream of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene VIPR2. VIPR2 transcription and cyclic-AMP signalling were significantly increased in cultured lymphocytes from patients with microduplications of 7q36.3. These findings implicate altered vasoactive intestinal peptide signalling in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and indicate the VPAC2 receptor as a potential target for the development of new antipsychotic drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vacic, Vladimir -- McCarthy, Shane -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Murray, Fiona -- Chou, Hsun-Hua -- Peoples, Aine -- Makarov, Vladimir -- Yoon, Seungtai -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Corominas, Roser -- Iakoucheva, Lilia M -- Krastoshevsky, Olga -- Krause, Verena -- Larach-Walters, Veronica -- Welsh, David K -- Craig, David -- Kelsoe, John R -- Gershon, Elliot S -- Leal, Suzanne M -- Dell Aquila, Marie -- Morris, Derek W -- Gill, Michael -- Corvin, Aiden -- Insel, Paul A -- McClellan, Jon -- King, Mary-Claire -- Karayiorgou, Maria -- Levy, Deborah L -- DeLisi, Lynn E -- Sebat, Jonathan -- 072894/Z/03/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM66232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG04222/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH044245/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061399/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH071523/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH082945/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH083989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222-04S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222-04S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL091061/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061399/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH082945/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):499-503. doi: 10.1038/nature09884. Epub 2011 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 12824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Duplicate/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns/genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/*genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Recapitulation of premature ageing with iPSCs from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Description: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal human premature ageing disease, characterized by premature arteriosclerosis and degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). HGPS is caused by a single point mutation in the lamin A (LMNA) gene, resulting in the generation of progerin, a truncated splicing mutant of lamin A. Accumulation of progerin leads to various ageing-associated nuclear defects including disorganization of nuclear lamina and loss of heterochromatin. Here we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts obtained from patients with HGPS. HGPS-iPSCs show absence of progerin, and more importantly, lack the nuclear envelope and epigenetic alterations normally associated with premature ageing. Upon differentiation of HGPS-iPSCs, progerin and its ageing-associated phenotypic consequences are restored. Specifically, directed differentiation of HGPS-iPSCs to SMCs leads to the appearance of premature senescence phenotypes associated with vascular ageing. Additionally, our studies identify DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs, also known as PRKDC) as a downstream target of progerin. The absence of nuclear DNAPK holoenzyme correlates with premature as well as physiological ageing. Because progerin also accumulates during physiological ageing, our results provide an in vitro iPSC-based model to study the pathogenesis of human premature and physiological vascular ageing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088088/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088088/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Guang-Hui -- Barkho, Basam Z -- Ruiz, Sergio -- Diep, Dinh -- Qu, Jing -- Yang, Sheng-Lian -- Panopoulos, Athanasia D -- Suzuki, Keiichiro -- Kurian, Leo -- Walsh, Christopher -- Thompson, James -- Boue, Stephanie -- Fung, Ho Lim -- Sancho-Martinez, Ignacio -- Zhang, Kun -- Yates, John 3rd -- Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA025779/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA025779-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA025779/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009370/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009370-25A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):221-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09879. Epub 2011 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/metabolism/pathology/physiology ; Aging, Premature/genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/analysis ; Cell Aging ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Holoenzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Lamin Type A ; Microfilament Proteins/analysis ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology ; Nuclear Envelope/pathology ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Progeria/genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Protein Precursors/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The structural basis for autonomous dimerization of the pre-T-cell antigen receptor (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: The pre-T-cell antigen receptor (pre-TCR), expressed by immature thymocytes, has a pivotal role in early T-cell development, including TCR beta-selection, survival and proliferation of CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes, and subsequent alphabeta T-cell lineage differentiation. Whereas alphabetaTCR ligation by the peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex initiates T-cell signalling, pre-TCR-induced signalling occurs by means of a ligand-independent dimerization event. The pre-TCR comprises an invariant alpha-chain (pre-Talpha) that pairs with any TCR beta-chain (TCRbeta) following successful TCR beta-gene rearrangement. Here we provide the basis of pre-Talpha-TCRbeta assembly and pre-TCR dimerization. The pre-Talpha chain comprised a single immunoglobulin-like domain that is structurally distinct from the constant (C) domain of the TCR alpha-chain; nevertheless, the mode of association between pre-Talpha and TCRbeta mirrored that mediated by the Calpha-Cbeta domains of the alphabetaTCR. The pre-TCR had a propensity to dimerize in solution, and the molecular envelope of the pre-TCR dimer correlated well with the observed head-to-tail pre-TCR dimer. This mode of pre-TCR dimerization enabled the pre-Talpha domain to interact with the variable (V) beta domain through residues that are highly conserved across the Vbeta and joining (J) beta gene families, thus mimicking the interactions at the core of the alphabetaTCR's Valpha-Vbeta interface. Disruption of this pre-Talpha-Vbeta dimer interface abrogated pre-TCR dimerization in solution and impaired pre-TCR expression on the cell surface. Accordingly, we provide a mechanism of pre-TCR self-association that allows the pre-Talpha chain to simultaneously 'sample' the correct folding of both the V and C domains of any TCR beta-chain, regardless of its ultimate specificity, which represents a critical checkpoint in T-cell development. This unusual dual-chaperone-like sensing function of pre-Talpha represents a unique mechanism in nature whereby developmental quality control regulates the expression and signalling of an integral membrane receptor complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pang, Siew Siew -- Berry, Richard -- Chen, Zhenjun -- Kjer-Nielsen, Lars -- Perugini, Matthew A -- King, Glenn F -- Wang, Christina -- Chew, Sock Hui -- La Gruta, Nicole L -- Williams, Neal K -- Beddoe, Travis -- Tiganis, Tony -- Cowieson, Nathan P -- Godfrey, Dale I -- Purcell, Anthony W -- Wilce, Matthew C J -- McCluskey, James -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):844-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Solutions ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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