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  • 1
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    Advances in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint of the Special Issue "Advances in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics", includes an Editorial and fifteen high-quality papers published between April 2022 and April 2023 by global researchers. This collection addresses scholars and students interested in current progresses in taxonomy and systematics, which are crucial for all plant applications.
    Keywords: alpine species ; chromosome number ; Irano-Turanian region ; biogeography ; rapid radiation ; Veronica ; endemism ; morphometrics ; image analysis ; molecular analysis ; niche similarity ; nomenclature ; Magnoliaceae ; chloroplast genome ; phylogenomics ; intergeneric relationship ; Crassula ; Crassulaceae ; plastome ; codon usage ; codon aversion ; DNA barcoding ; evolutionary rates ; phylogeny ; Adonanthe ; molecular phylogeny ; taxonomy ; steppic plant ; demographic systematics ; ethology ; evolution ; natural selection ; next-generation sequencing ; ordination ; reproductive isolation ; sexual deceit ; speciation ; species circumscription ; Astragalus subgenus Hypoglottis ; Leguminosae ; Iran ; rapid diversification ; section Hypoglottidei ; section Stereothrix ; Australia ; carnivorous plants ; non-core Caryophyllales ; Nepenthales ; sundews ; typification ; Adelieae ; Argythamnia ; Caperonia ; Caperonieae ; Chiropetalum ; Ditaxeae ; Ditaxis ; phylogenetics ; Philyra ; Arecaceae ; Bentinckia ; biogeographic analysis ; karyomorphology ; Asteraceae ; ecology ; ddRADseq ; geography ; leaf morphology ; polyploidy ; chromosome numbers ; Crocus heuffelianus group ; Crocus series Verni ; dysploidy ; genome size ; genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) ; morphometry ; apomixis ; hybridisation ; multiple origins ; Sorbus austriaca ; genomics ; geometric morphometrics ; Ranunculus auricomus ; taxonomically complex groups (TCGs) ; arid lands ; Cactaceae ; colonization ; Mammillaria ; Mexican Plateau ; Miocene ; Pleistocene ; recent diversification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.39
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Fragmentation of the former broadly circumscribed genus Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) necessitates combinations in Senegalia (syn. Acacia subg. Aculeiferum) and Vachellia (syn. former Acacia subg. Acacia) for the following 40 taxa that are recorded for the region encompassed by Southeast Asia and China. Senegalia andamanica, S. borneensis, S. caesia, S. comosa, S. delavayi, S. delavayi var. kunmingensis, S. donnaiensis, S. gageana, S. intsia, S. kekapur, S. kostermansii, S. meeboldii, S. megaladena, S. megaladena var. garrettii, S. megaladena var. indochinensis, S. merrillii, S. palawanensis, S. pennata subsp. hainanensis, S. pennata subsp. insuavis, S. pluricapitata, S. pluriglandulosa, S. pruinescens, S. pseudointsia, S. sulitii, S. tawitawiensis, S. teniana, S. thailandica, S. tonkinensis, S. torta, S. verheijenii, S. vietnamensis and S. yunnanensis. Vachellia harmandiana, V. inopinata, V. kingii, V. leucophloea, V. leucophloea var. microcephala, V. myaingii, V. siamensis (syn. Acacia craibii) and V. tomentosa. Senegalia rugata replaces the well-known name Acacia concinna. There are four doubtful names for the region, namely, Acacia brunnescens, A. microcephala, A. obcordata and A. pseudoarabica.
    Keywords: Acacia ; China ; Leguminosae ; Mimosoideae ; SE Asia ; Senegalia ; Vachellia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 3
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    New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 39-44
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Fragmentation of the former broadly circumscribed genus Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) necessitates combinations in Senegalia (syn. Acacia subg. Aculeiferum) and Vachellia (syn. former Acacia subg. Acacia) for the following 40 taxa that are recorded for the region encompassed by Southeast Asia and China. Senegalia andamanica, S. borneensis, S. caesia, S. comosa, S. delavayi, S. delavayi var. kunmingensis, S. donnaiensis, S. gageana, S. intsia, S. kekapur, S. kostermansii, S. meeboldii, S. megaladena, S. megaladena var. garrettii, S. megaladena var. indochinensis, S. merrillii, S. palawanensis, S. pennata subsp. hainanensis, S. pennata subsp. insuavis, S. pluricapitata, S. pluriglandulosa, S. pruinescens, S. pseudointsia, S. sulitii, S. tawitawiensis, S. teniana, S. thailandica, S. tonkinensis, S. torta, S. verheijenii, S. vietnamensis and S. yunnanensis. Vachellia harmandiana, V. inopinata, V. kingii, V. leucophloea, V. leucophloea var. microcephala, V. myaingii, V. siamensis (syn. Acacia craibii) and V. tomentosa. Senegalia rugata replaces the well-known name Acacia concinna. There are four doubtful names for the region, namely, Acacia brunnescens, A. microcephala, A. obcordata and A. pseudoarabica.
    Keywords: Acacia ; China ; Leguminosae ; Mimosoideae ; SE Asia ; Senegalia ; Vachellia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Cynometra cebuensis, a new species of Leguminosae (Caesalpinioidae) from the Philippines (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 18-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: A new species of Cynometra from the Tabunan forest on Cebu island in the Philippines is described.
    Keywords: Caesalpinioidae ; Cebu ; Cynometra cebuensis ; endemism ; Leguminosae ; Tabunan forest
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) 15. Notes on Indigofera (2011)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 56 no. 3, pp. 270-272
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Notes on some morphological features of Indigofera as well as taxonomic notes on several species are given. The recently described I. erectifructa is reduced to a synonym of I. luzoniensis.
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Indigofera ; Leguminosae ; Malesia ; Papilionoideae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 6
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    A natural infrageneric classification for Cicer (Leguminosae, Cicereae) (2007)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.52 (2007) nr.2 p.379
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A comprehensive morphological survey and analysis of all taxonomically recognised wild species of Cicer L. (Leguminosae, Cicereae) is presented. The data (104 characters from 152 herbarium specimens representing 34 of the 44 recognised taxa in the genus Cicer with supplementary data for the remaining taxa taken from the literature) were analysed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis, factor analysis and ordination techniques). The results are discussed in the context of extant classifications and the re-organisation of a novel infrageneric classification also incorporating information from published genetic data. A revised classification with 3 subgenera, 5 sections and 2 series is proposed.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Cicereae ; infrageneric classification ; morphology ; wild chickpeas
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 7
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    A new species of Dalbergia (Leguminosae, Dalbergieae) from Western Africa (2007)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.52 (2007) nr.1 p.11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Dalbergia hepperi from Western Africa is described and illustrated. The combination of glabrous ovaries, flat and glabrous fruits and ovate to obovate leaflets with a conspicuous acuminate apex is not known from any other Dalbergia species from this region.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Dalbergia ; Africa ; Liberia ; Sierra Leone ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 8
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    Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae). 13. The genus Inocarpus (2007)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.52 (2007) nr.2 p.401
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The genus Inocarpus J.R. & G. Forst. is revised. Three species are recognized of which one is new (I. glabellus Adema). A key to the species is provided.
    Keywords: Inocarpus ; Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Dalbergieae ; Malesia ; Pacific
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 9
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    A natural infrageneric classification\nfor Cicer (Leguminosae, Cicereae) (2007)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 52 no. 2, pp. 379-400
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A comprehensive morphological survey and analysis of all taxonomically recognised wild species of Cicer L. (Leguminosae, Cicereae) is presented. The data (104 characters from 152 herbarium specimens representing 34 of the 44 recognised taxa in the genus Cicer with supplementary data for the remaining taxa taken from the literature) were analysed using multivariate statistics (cluster analysis, factor analysis and ordination techniques). The results are discussed in the context of extant classifications and the re-organisation of a novel infrageneric classification also incorporating information from published genetic data. A revised classification with 3 subgenera, 5 sections and 2 series is proposed.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Cicereae ; infrageneric classification ; morphology ; wild chickpeas
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    A new species of Dalbergia (Leguminosae, Dalbergieae) from Western Africa (2007)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 52 no. 1, pp. 11-14
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Dalbergia hepperi from Western Africa is described and illustrated. The combination of glabrous ovaries, flat and glabrous fruits and ovate to obovate leaflets with a conspicuous acuminate apex is not known from any other Dalbergia species from this region.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Dalbergia ; Africa ; Liberia ; Sierra Leone ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 11
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    Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae\xe2\x80\x93Papilionoideae). 13. The\ngenus Inocarpus (2007)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 52 no. 2, pp. 401-407
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genus Inocarpus J.R. & G. Forst. is revised. Three species are recognized of which one is new (I. glabellus Adema). A key to the species is provided.
    Keywords: Inocarpus ; Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Dalbergieae ; Malesia ; Pacific
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalase Activity of Nodules in the Ureide- and Amide-transporting Legume Plants (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of plant physiology 47 (2000), S. 721-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3407
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; symbiotic nitrogen fixation ; effective and ineffective symbiosis ; root nodules ; catalase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relations of catalase activity to the efficiency of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation and leghemoglobin (Lb) content were investigated in roots and nodules of several legume plant species together with the catalase distribution between the inner bacteroidal and the outer cortical nodule tissues. The catalase activity in the nodules exceeded that of the roots of the amide- and ureide-synthesizing plant species by one and two orders of magnitude. During the growth period, catalase activity and Lb content changed in parallel and reached their highest levels early in the stage of flowering or fruit formation, depending on plant species. In the case of effective symbiosis, catalase activity in the nodules was 2.5–5 times higher than in the case of ineffective symbiosis. Catalase activity in the bacteroidal zone of the nodules was several times higher than that of the cortical tissue, and two nodule tissues differed in catalase activity more notably in the plant species exporting ureides. The authors suggest that high catalase activity in the nodules, especially in their bacteroidal zone, is essential for the efficient functioning of the symbiotic system of dinitrogen fixation in both ureide- and amide-transporting plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026694709210
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro organogenesis and plant formation in Acacia sinuata (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 61 (2000), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Acacia sinuata ; Leguminosae ; regeneration ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro morphogenesis via organogenesis was achieved from callus cultures derived from hypocotyl explants of Acacia sinuata on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium. Calli were induced from hypocotyl explants excised from 7-day-old seedlings on MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, 6.78 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.22 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Regeneration of adventitious buds from callus was achieved when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 10% coconut water, 13.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 3.42 μM indoleacetic acid. Addition of gibberellic acid (1.73 μM) favored shoot elongation. Regenerated shoots produced prominent roots when transferred to half strength MS medium supplemented with 7.36 μM indolebutyric acid. Rooted plantlets, thus developed were hardened and successfully established in the soil. This protocol yielded an average of 20 plants per hypocotyl explant over a period of 4 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006442818277
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and Properties of a Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase from Lentil Seedlings (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Lens esculenta ; Leguminosae ; nucleotide pyrophosphatase ; nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9) was purified to homogeneity from lentil seedlings. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain of 75 ± 2 kDa that exhibits hydrolytic activities toward pyrophosphate linkages of several substrates. Reduced and oxidized forms of NAD(P) were shown to be hydrolyzed to nicotinamide mononucleotide and AMP. Other dinucleotides such as FAD and dinucleoside oligophosphates were hydrolyzed as well, but with lower efficiency. Pyrophosphatase activity was increased in the presence of divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+, whereas Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions inhibited this activity. The active site in the enzyme was not defined, but histidine residue(s) seemed to be crucial for the enzymatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007007803996
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem.): A relic crop in Italy (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: C-banding ; crop genetic resources ; Leguminosae ; Sardinia ; seed quality ; Vicia articulata Hornem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Single-flowered vetch (Vicia articulata Hornem.), a crop native of the Mediterranean area, is widespread mainly in south Europe, in west Asia and Australia for forage, green manure and human food. In Italy this crop was still cultivated in the 1950s but, later, no records concerning its cultivation were available. This strongly suggested to place V. articulata among the Italian crop species that disappeared in the 20th century. In the course of a collecting expedition in Sardinia, a relic population, mistaken for lentil, was found. This population has been characterised from a botanical, nutritional and cytological point of view. V. articulata appears to be lower in nutritional quality than lentil. However, within the framework of a sustainable agriculture, V. articulata could find interesting opportunities. In fact, its role in soil conservation and rescue of marginal areas could be interesting, as well as its potentialities as a source of useful genes in breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008711022396
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory cavities and pellucid dots in leaflets ofLonchocarpus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Lonchocarpus ; leaflets ; secretory cavities ; false secretory cavities ; pellucid dots ; glands ; anatomy ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of leaflet secretory cavities in 23 Brazilian species ofLonchocarpus was surveyed anatomically and compared with data from external morphology (presence of pellucid dots) to evaluate their taxonomic significance. This study revealed three cases: presence of secretory cavities associated with pellucid dots, pellucid dots corresponding to false secretory cavities, and absence of pellucid dots and secretory cavities. These results indicate that in this genus the “glandular pellucid dots” cited in morphological descriptions do not always correspond to secretory cavities, and that their nature must always be confirmed by histological sections. Secretory cavities have systematic significance at subgeneric taxonomic level for the genusLonchocarpus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086380
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Software dependent phenetic relationships of non-nodulating African species ofAcacia (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Acacia ; classification ; Leguminosae ; morphology ; phenetics ; RAPD ; software ; taxonomy ; UPGMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenetic analysis of non-nodulatingAcacia species by Harrier et al. (1997) was repeated to illustrate how different computer programs may generate alternative UPGMA trees for the very same data, even in the absence of data input order effects (ties). For example, all Harrier et al.'s UPGMA dendrograms produced by software from the Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service differed from those obtained by the packages NTSYS and MVSP87. Particularly, the positions ofA. albida, A. rovumae, andA. pentagona, as well as the relationships betweenDiacanthae andTriacanthae were affected by this phenomenon. Hence, whenever clustering techniques are used, care should be taken to consider possible software-dependent caveats and artefacts. Nevertheless, all programs provided clusterings that largely coincided with the subgeneric and sectional groupings proposed by Vassal (1972) although the positions of some species varied depending on whether morphological or molecular data were considered (e.g.A. albida andA. rovumae).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985042
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of flavonoids by Psoralea hairy root cultures (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 56 (1999), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: cell line establishment ; coumestrol ; daidzein ; flavonoid ; hairy root ; Leguminosae ; Psoralea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen transformed root cultures from 7 Psoralea plant species (Leguminosae) were established with the objective of producing daidzein and related flavonoids. All the 18 hairy root lines grew fast and had the same capacities for biomass production. Each of them produced daidzein as an intracellular secondary metabolite. The Lach5 hairy root line, obtained from P. lachnostachys, was a high producing line for daidzein and was further studied for biomass and flavonoid production. This root line showed exponential growth. Chitosan was used for elicitation purposes as well as for its permeabilizing effect. Little elicitation effect could be demonstrated and the metabolite release in the medium was weak (about 1%) and limited to the first 29 h after chitosan addition. Daidzein was demonstrated to be more concentrated in young parts (apexes) whereas coumestrol content was higher in older parts (brown tissues). Compared to callus cultures from the same plant species, hairy roots displayed comparable concentrations. However, high-producing lines were more frequently found with hairy roots (4 out of 18) than with callus cultures (4 out of 217)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006206104795
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive biology ofCaesalpinia calycina andC. pluviosa (Leguminosae) of the caatinga of north-eastern Brazil (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 217 (1999), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Caesalpinia ; Angiosperms ; bee-pollination ; andromonoecy ; late-acting self-incompatibility ; fruiting success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pollination biology, breeding system and fruiting success ofCaesalpinia calycina andC. pluviosa var.sanfranciscana were studied in caatinga vegetation in Bahia, NE Brazil. The principal pollinators for both species were carpenter bees.Caesalpinia calycina is andromonoecious but inC. pluviosa all flowers are hermaphrodite. InC. calycina all selfed flowers were abscised within 72 h despite rapid self-pollen tube growth to the ovary and ovule penetration. Prevention of selfing therefore seems to be controlled by a post-zygotic mechanism. Both species had very low fruit-set and it is suggested that this is at least in part due to geitonogamous pollinations with ovule penetration by self pollen tubes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984921
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollination mechanisms and pollen-ovule ratios in someGenisteae (Fabaceae) from Southwestern Europe (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 216 (1999), S. 23-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Genisteae ; Spain ; nectar ; pollen ; pollination mechanisms ; pollen/ovule ratios ; anther biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the biology and floral rewards of 34 taxa ofGenisteae from the SW of Europe. Most of the floral attributes show a statistically significant direct relationship. Anther biomass of the lower whorl (lW) is significantly lower than that of the upper whorl (uW), and the ratio of the two (Rv) differs among the taxa. All taxa are polliniferous, andRetama sphaerocarpa also secretes nectar. They can be considered xenogamous or facultative xenogams on the basis of their high pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios. Three principal mechanisms of pollen releasing are identified in this tribe: valvular, pump and explosive; the latter comprises specialized and nonspecialized subtypes. Pollination is sternotribic except in the specialized explosive mechanism, in which it is noto-sternotribic. Thus some pollen serves as food (pollen from the uW, which adheres to the ventral surface of the insect) and part of the pollen fulfils a polliniferous function (pollen from the lW, which adheres to the dorsal surface). Species that use a pump mechanism have very low Rv values (Rv=0.08−0.26); species with valvular or nonspecialized explosive mechanisms have Rv values between 0.24 and 0.58; those with a specialized mechanism of pollen presentation have high Rv values (0.6−0.76). In contrast to expectations, the highest P/O ratios appear in the specialized explosive system, which allows a single visit from the insect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985099
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae):Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l.Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 219 (1999), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Leguminosae ; Dalbergieae ; Dalbergia brasiliensis ; Machaerium villosum ; Platymiscium floribundum ; Pterocarpus rotundifolius ; Ontogeny ; flower ; initiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume treesDalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum, Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies and to elucidate if floral ontogenetic data will provide new character states diagnostic of the tribe Dalbergieae, which is considered a basal papilionoid tribe and primarily defined on fruit characters. Organ inception is principally acropetal in all taxa studied. Carpel inception is, however, consistently precocious. InD. brasiliensis sepals are initiated in an order not previously reported in Papilionoideae. It may be considered modified helical. InP. rotundifolius the inner whorl of stamens initiate in an unusual way, this is lateral two stamens first, then the two abaxial ones, and last the adaxial one, opposed to the unidirectional order usually seen in Papilionoideae. Generally the differences in flower development among the studied genera appear at initiation and late stage in ontogenesis, rather than at mid-stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090296
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    Investigation and documentation of hybridization betweenParkinsonia aculeata andCercidium praecox (Leguminosae:Caesalpinioideae) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 216 (1999), S. 49-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Parkinsonia aculeata ; Cercidium praecox ; Parkinsonia ×carterae ; Hybridization ; morphometric analysis ; cytology ; weeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphometric, cytogenetic, geographical and ecological evidence for hybridization betweenParkinsonia aculeata andCercidium praecox is presented. Morphometric investigation using the character count procedure and cytogenetic observations confirm hybrid status. All diagnostic morphometric characters were intermediate in the hybrid. Both parents (2n = 28) show regular tetrad formation and pollen fertility greater than 94%. Hybrids have a chromosome number of 2n = 28 or 2n = 30, and display meiotic abnormalities including lagging chromosomes and micronucleus formation; less than 21% of hybrid pollen was fertile. Ecological and geographical information suggests that hybridization is occurring at increasing frequency due to the expanding range ofP. aculeata associated with cultivation as an ornamental, coupled with ecological disturbance and weediness, and the cultivation ofC. praecox and hybrids as fodder, ornamental and shade trees. Hybrid fertility and phenological observations, in conjunction with F-weighted principal component analysis, suggest that the progeny of F1 hybrids are established. The hybrid is formally described asP. ×carterae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985100
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  • 23
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    Genetic differentiation of groundnut seed-beetle populations in Senegal (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Caryedon serratus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; genetic differentiation ; biotypes ; Senegal ; groundnut ; Caesalpinioideae ; Leguminosae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Caryedon serratus, the groundnut seed-beetle, is a major pest of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), an introduced legume in the subfamily Papilionoideae. Native hosts of C. serratus in Senegal include Bauhinia rufescens, Cassia sieberiana, Piliostigma reticulatum and Tamarindus indica, all of which belong to the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The biology and natural history of C. serratus suggest that it is a candidate for population differentiation via host-race formation. Evidence for host-tree associated differentiation in C. serratus would be important for the design of rational pest management practices. To test this possibility, we analyzed the genetic structure of 20 adult collections of C. serratus from six sites in Western Senegal, on its five hosts. Results show a strong differentiation of insects from different host trees, with specimens from C. sieberiana possibly representing a sibling species and insects from B. rufescens a distinct host-race.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003268331207
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  • 24
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    Production of daidzein by callus cultures of Psoralea species and comparison with plants (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 53 (1998), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: callus culture ; daidzein ; flavonoid ; furanocoumarin ; Leguminosae ; secondary metabolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures were established from five Psoralea species (Leguminosae) with the objective of producing daidzein (isoflavone). The biomass doubling times ranged from 7 to 16 days according to the species and a 48 weeks period was necessary to obtain lines with stable growth characteristics. All the 217 callus lines were analyzed for their daidzein content using HPLC. Our callus collection showed a large interspecific variation and the highest concentrations were recovered in P. obtusifolia callus lines (maximum of 0.9680% DW). Intraspecific variation was also important and allowed the recovery of high-producing lines (production exceeding 0.3000% DW) with four out of the five Psoralea species studied. The daidzein repartition was investigated in planta with P. cinerea in order to evaluate the potential of in vivo production. Mature fruits were the richest organs for daidzein concentration in P. cinerea and were used as indicators to evaluate the possible production with the other four plant species. In vitro concentrations were always much higher than in planta, and no correlation could be established between the calluses and plants for the five species. Our callus lines contained concentrations comparable to Psoralea hairy root lines. They can be considered as an interesting material to further study the production of daidzein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006057211490
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  • 25
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    Isozyme diversity, RFLP of the rDNA and phylogenetic affinities among cultivated Lima beans,Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Phaseolus ; Isozymes ; genetic distance ; Lima bean ; rDNA ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation inPhaseolus lunatus (Lima bean) was investigated at isozyme and DNA levels. Sixty cultivated accessions, including representatives of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools and intermediate types, were analyzed for variability at 17 isozyme loci. Some accessions were also examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the rDNA level. These data were used to construct two dendrograms showing clear separation in two distinct groups corresponding to each of the gene pools and an intermediate one probably representing a transitional group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985196
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  • 26
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    Chemotaxonomic features of lipophilic components inAdesmia species (Leguminosae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 210 (1998), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Adesmia grandiflora ; A. retrofracta ; A. incana ; A. bicolor ; A. trijuga ; A. horrida ; Leguminosae ; Chemical composition ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were performed on GC-MS to assess the lipophilic composition of sixAdesmia species representing two subgenera and three series. Normal fatty acids and hydrocarbons were mainly found, as well as acetylenic compounds, dibasic acids, cyclic hydrocarbons, high molecular weight alcohols and one sterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984732
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  • 27
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    A second spontaneous hybrid in the genusLeucaena (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 212 (1998), S. 53-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Leucaena leucocephala ; L. diversifolia ; L. ×spontanea ; Hybridization ; hybrid detection ; spontaneous hybrid ; RAPD ; RFLP ; chloroplast DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The detection of hybridity inLeucaena is discussed in relation to: (i) traditional criteria, (ii) molecular criteria and (iii) models to predict hybrid leaf morphology. Morphological, geographical and molecular evidence for the occurrence of interspecific hybrids betweenL. leucocephala andL. diversifolia in south-central Mexico, northern Guatemala, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea is presented. Predicted mean hybrid leaf trait values calculated from parent material are compared with data from putative hybrids and shown to be similar. The origin of these hybrids is discussed and shown to be the result of artificial sympatry resulting from indigenous, and recent exotic, domestication of the parent species. The hybrid is described asL. ×spontanea.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985221
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  • 28
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    Influence of heat on seed germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species (1998)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 136 (1998), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Hardseedness ; Heat ; Leguminosae ; Seed germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of high temperatures (dry heat and hot water) on germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species typical of fire-prone ecosystems in southern Spain is analyzed, in order to know the response of seeds to wildfires and the possible implications in their regeneration after this disturbance. Seeds were heated to a range of temperatures (50 °–150 °C) and exposure times (1–60 min) similar to those registered in the upper soil layers during wildfires. Germination tests were carried out in plastic Petri dishes over 60 days. In general, the degree of seed germination promotion by dry heat treatments showed a wide interspecific variation, although the final germination level was increased in all the studied species except for Scorpiurus muricatus. The thermal pretreatment of 50 °C, however, was not effective for germination in any species, and rising the temperature to 70 °C only slightly enhanced the germination in Cytisus patens. The preheatings of 90 °C (5 and 10 min), 120 °C (5 and 10 min), and 150 °C (1 min) were the most effective in promoting seed germination. Hot water (100 °C) scarification also increased the final germination level in all cases, with the exception of C. patens. The germination rates after preheating were much lower than in mechanically scarified seeds and closely resembled those of the untreated seeds, except for C. reverchonii, whose seed germination rate decreased with heat. The response of species to heat shock had no clear relationship with life trait or with the specific post-fire regeneration strategy (obligate seeder or facultative resprouter). Those species coexisting in the same habitats had different heat optimal requirements for seed germination, an strategy suggested by some authors as minimizing interspecific competition in the secondary succession started after fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009702318641
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    Fire-type and forestry management effects on the early postfire vegetation dynamics of a Pinus pinaster woodland (1998)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 134 (1998), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Cistus ladanifer ; Crown-fire ; Fire severity ; Leguminosae ; Mediterranean-type ecosystems ; Spain ; Surface-fire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this research was to study the effects of type of fire, prefire-, and postfire-management on the postfire vegetation dynamics of a Pinus pinaster woodland in Central Spain, burned at 15 yr of age. The effects of type of fire (crown-, or surface-fire), prefire-management (thinning out of trees and clearing of brush or no such actions) and postfire-management (removal of burned trees one year after the fire or no such action) on the postfire vegetation were studied during the first three years after the fire. Herbaceous plant abundance, species richness, and diversity, as well as abundance, growth and density of the dominant shrub species (Cistus ladanifer) were measured during the first three years after the fire. Our results show that the effects of the type of fire on the vegetation were minimal. Prefire-management effects were significant on the abundance of herbaceous species, mainly during the second and third year after fire, in particular for the Leguminosae species. Prefire managed areas were more diverse in species, and produced higher plant biomass than unmanaged areas. Postfire-management effects on the shrubs and herbs were minimal, except for the Leguminosae, which increased their cover where the trees had been removed. Plant dynamics were marked by the interaction between prefire-management and fire-type through the dynamics of the shrub cover. On most occasions, plots that resulted in lower cover of C. ladanifer had greater abundance of herbaceous plants and, in particular, of the Leguminosae. In general, our results show that irrespective of fire-type, prefire-, or postfire-management all areas tended to be very similar in their vegetation three years after the fire.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009733818670
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  • 30
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    Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). 3. The genera Dioclea, Luzonia, and Macropsychanthus (1998)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.43 (1998) nr.1 p.233
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The genera Dioclea Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Luzonia Elmer, and Macropsychanthus Harms are briefly discussed. Keys to the species and notes to various taxa are given. Dioclea decandra Amshoff is proposed as a new name for Macropsychanthus ferrugineus Merr. Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms is lectotypified; its subspecies glabricalyx Verdc. and parviflorus Verdc. are lowered in rank to varieties, subsp. neobrittanicus Verde. is synonymized to var. parviflorus (Verdc.) Adema.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Dioclea ; Luzonia ; Macropsychanthus ; Malesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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    Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). 3. The genera Dioclea, Luzonia, and Macropsychanthus (1998)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 43 no. 1, pp. 233-239
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genera Dioclea Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Luzonia Elmer, and Macropsychanthus Harms are briefly discussed. Keys to the species and notes to various taxa are given. Dioclea decandra Amshoff is proposed as a new name for Macropsychanthus ferrugineus Merr. Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms is lectotypified; its subspecies glabricalyx Verdc. and parviflorus Verdc. are lowered in rank to varieties, subsp. neobrittanicus Verde. is synonymized to var. parviflorus (Verdc.) Adema.
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Dioclea ; Luzonia ; Macropsychanthus ; Malesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 32
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    Regeneration of plants from callus tissue of Desmodium affine and Desmodium uncinatum (1997)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 39 (1997), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; growth regulators ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants were in vitro regenerated from leaf callus of Desmodium affine and D. uncinatum. Leaf explants were induced to form callus when aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 6 mg dm-3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with 1 mg dm-3 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regeneration of shoots was induced when callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg dm-3 BAP and 0.01 mg dm-3 NAA. Roots regenerated in high frequency when differentiated shoots were subcultured on MS medium supplemented only with 0.01 mg dm-3 NAA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully grown in pots. Calli from D. incanum failed to regenerate shoots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000696319639
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    Oviposition Stimulants for Sulfur ButterflyColias erate poliographys: Cyanoglucosides as Synergistis Involved in Host Preference (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oviposition stimulants ; Colias erate ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Trifolium repens ; Leguminosae ; cyanoglucosides ; linamarin ; lotaustralin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Host-plant chemicals stimulating oviposition by a Leguminosae-feeding pierid butterflyColias erate poliographyswere isolated and identified from one of its primary host plants, white clover (Trifolium repens). Females readily deposited eggs in response to methanolic extracts of the plant, and subsequent partition of the extracts with organic solvents revealed that chemical constituents critical for host recognition reside in the water-soluble fraction. Further fractionation of the hydrosoluble fraction by column chromatography led to the separation of an active fraction and two cyanoglucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin. Conspicuous oviposition response was evoked by unidentified polar compound(s), while these cyanoglucosides exerted no stimulatory activity by themselves. However, ovipositing females preferred samples containing either of the two cyanoglucosides. In dual-choice bioassays, significantly more eggs were laid on samples admixed with the cyanoglucosides, suggesting that the cyanoglucosides serve as synergistic oviposition stimulants and could play an important role in host selection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006362.96722.c9
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    Isozyme variation inFaidherbia albida (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 207 (1997), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Faidherbia albida ; Acacia albida ; Isozyme variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation has been assessed in 30 populations (931 families) ofFaidherbia albida (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) from across its entire African range, using six isozyme loci identified by five enzyme systems. Among the populations studied a null allele was proposed to explain the absence ofLap-1 activity in populations from southern and eastern Africa. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci per population, the mean number of alleles per locus and the mean genetic diversity within populations were 31.7%, 1.6 and 0.127 respectively. Genetic diversity was greatest in populations from West Africa and lowest in populations from eastern/southern Africa, with Ethiopian/Sudanese populations intermediate. The overall degree of genetic differentiation between populations (GST) indicated that approximately 56% of the enzyme variation resided within populations. Clustering of Nei's unbaised genetic distances calculated between all populations produced a dendrogram that generally followed the geographic distribution of the populations. Two major groups were identified that may be considered the eastern/southern African and the Ethiopian/West African clusters. Within the Ethiopian/West African cluster two subclusters could be recognised, one broadly corresponding to those populations from Ethiopia/Sudan and the other to those populations from West Africa. The implications of these results for theories regarding the origin ofF. albida in Africa are discussed.
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    Phenetic investigation of non-nodulating African species ofAcacia (Leguminosae) using morphological and molecular markers (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 27-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Mimosoideae ; Acacia ; Aculeiferum ; Monacanthea ; African acacias ; classification ; molecular markers ; RAPD ; morphology ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and RAPD markers were used to assess the relationships among nodulating and non-nodulating species of AfricanAcacia. Non-nodulating species of AfricanAcacia are only found within subg.Aculeiferum sect.Monacanthea. African species of sect.Monacanthea examined were found to form a group distinct from the other African species examined on a morphological and molecular basis. All lack the ability to nodulate, suggesting that non-nodulation may be used as a taxonomic tool. The species of sect.Aculeiferum were separated by RAPD and morphological analysis into two groups depending on whether they were armed with prickles in pairs and/or prickles in threes, or solitary. A third group of species was identified within sect.Acacia: further subdivision of this group was achieved into subsectt.Pluriseriae andUniseriae. The position ofA. albida relative to other AfricanAcacia species was found to be distinct but not totally independent of the genus. The partitioning and distribution of the genetic variability within the genus is further elucidated by the RAPD analysis of populations ofAcacia species. A population analysis ofA. polyacantha demonstrated geographical and site-specific variation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982796
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    Distribution of allozyme variation inVicia benghalensis (Leguminosae) suggests the existence of two genepools (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 207 (1997), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Vicia benghalensis ; Genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; isozymes ; reproductive system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InVicia benghalensis two biotypes differing in biochemical and cytological features were identified in previous studies. It was hypothesized that these biotypes could also vary in reproductive behaviour and be genetically isolated. To better understand this issue, 25 distinct samples were studied using allozymes. Nine enzyme systems, accounting for 15 putative loci, were scored. The data obtained were analysed using population diversity parameters; Nei's genetic distance was calculated and used to construct a dendrogram. Principal component analysis was conducted to verify the dendrogram and to determine which alleles had stronger influence on the grouping of populations. The analyses demonstrated that the two previously identified biotypes are genetically different: Nei's distance between the two groups is larger than the distance within each group. Three-dimensional plotting of the first three principal components corroborates this division. Genetic diversity parameters confirm that the two biotypes also differ in outcrossing rates. These results denote the existence of two highly divergent genepools inV. benghalensis and suggest that a speciation process may be acting. The consequence of the present findings on the management of gene bank collections is analysed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985211
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    Genetic analysis among and within populations forming ecotypes and cultivars of lucerne,Medicago sativa (Leguminosae), using RAPD fragments (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Medicago sativa ; Alfalfa ; cultivar discrimination ; DNA ; RAPD ; population genetics ; Mahalanobis distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We conducted this study to determine whether the analysis of the population frequency of individual RAPD fragments amplified from DNA of single seedlings could be used to discriminate cultivars of lucerne and compare the relatedness of cultivars of differing geographic and genetic origin. Canonical discriminant analysis of RAPD banding data obtained from amplification of DNA from 40 seedlings of each of ten cultivars (six Iranian ecotypic cultivars, two cultivars from New Zealand and two from the USA) with one selected primer enabled discrimination of most cultivars (78% of pairwise comparisons at P 〈 0.01 among the ten cultivars examined in this study). Comparison of the Mahalanobis generalized distances among the cultivars produced results for genetic relatedness which were generally consistent with geographical origin and breeding relationships. Cultivar uniformity was assessed by determining the percentage of seedlings correctly classified into the named cultivar; this was variable among cultivars and the Iranian ecotypic cultivars had a particularly wide range of variability. Analysis of population genetics in lucerne using RAPD banding data may be useful for plant improvement, in descriptions of new cultivars and also when assessing cultivar purity in seed certification programmes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986085
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    Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography ofLupinus (Leguminosae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of therbcL gene and ITS 1 + 2 regions of rDNA (1997)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 139-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Genisteae ; Lupinus ; Molecular phylogeny ; cpDNA ; rbcL ; rDNA ; internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Total DNA was extracted from 55 species of theLeguminosae (including 29 species ofLupinus). The chloroplast generbcL and the ITS 1 + 2 regions of nuclear RNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly. The sequences obtained were evaluated with character state (Maximum Parsimony) and distance methods (Neighbour Joining). Phylogenetic trees obtained with both data sets and methods are mostly congruent.Genisteae andCrotalarieae are sister groups and share ancestry with theThermopsideae/Podalyrieae. The genusLupinus, which forms a monophyletic clade within theGenisteae, shows a distinct Old-New World disjunction and appears to be divided into several more or less distinct groups: (1) The species from the eastern part of South America. (2) The homogeneous rough-seeded group (Scabrispermae) of the Old World species which is well distinguished from the smooth-seeded group (Malacospermae). (3) Within the rather heterogeneous smooth-seeded lupins a smaller subgroup withL. angustifolius, L. hispanicus andL. luteus is recognized. (4) Also separated are North American lupins and South American species with a western distribution. Genetic distances imply that the genusLupinus evolved during the last 12–14 million years, ruling out the hypothesis that the present Old-New World disjunction can be interpreted as a result of the continental drift. The genetic data suggest an origin in the Old World and an independant colonisation of the Eastern parts of South America as opposed to North America and the Western parts of South America.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985439
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  • 39
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    Symbiotic specialization and the potential for genotypic coexistence in a plant-bacterial mutualism (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Competition ; Genetic diversity ; Leguminosae ; Mutualism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genotypes of the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata vary in their degree of specialization toward different nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plants of lineages “Ib” and “II” are specialized for mutualism with a limited group of bacterial genotypes. Lineage “Ia” plants are symbiotic generalists, interacting with all bacteria associated with specialist (Ib and II) plants, and also with a distinct class of bacteria that only fix nitrogen with lineage Ia plants. The relative performance of generalist and specialist plant lineages was measured in four symbiotic environments: (1) in the absence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, (2) with bacteria with broad host ranges, (3) with bacteria specialized on lineage Ia hosts, and (4) with a mixture of the bacteria with broad and narrow host ranges. In the presence of bacteria with broad host ranges, the relative performance of different plant lineages was inconsistent among experimental replicates. However, lineage Ia plants had nearly 3 times higher total biomass and 6 times higher seed biomass than lineage Ib or II plants when grown with bacteria specialized on Ia hosts. When exposed to a mixture of bacteria with broad and narrow host ranges, generalist plants had 72% higher total biomass and 〉100% higher seed biomass than specialist plants. These results imply that in diverse natural populations, where all plants have a choice of symbiotic partners, mutualistic interactions are likely to foster competitive exclusion rather than stable coexistence of different plant lineages.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334662
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    Characterisation of a developmentally related polypeptide with glutelin solubility characteristics from Lupinus albus L. (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Germination ; Glutelin ; Glycoprotein ; Leguminosae ; Lupinus ; Seed development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proteins from Lupinus albus L. cv. Rio Maior seeds were fractionated according to solubility criteria. Patterns of concanavalin A (ConA)-binding polypeptides from the different classes, albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins, were established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two bands of apparent molecular masses of 29 and 23.5 kDa with glutelin solubility characteristics bound the lectin. The 23.5-kDa band was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis into two components: one glycosylated and heterogeneous with an isoelectric point of approx. 10 (designated as G23) and another, not detected with ConA, precipitating in the first dimension. The amino acid and hexosamine analysis of G23 showed that it is particularly rich in Gly (11.2%), Glx (10.0%), Ser (9.0%), Leu (8.2%), Asx (7.5%), and Pro (6.7%) and that it has a considerable content of the sulphur-containing amino acids Met (2.0%) and Cys (5.8%) and contains glucosamine. The determined N-terminal amino acid sequence of G23 was: 1KG(R)V5KGTGD10(T)PXXV15XLY(N)R20T, and this had no significant similarity to any of the amino acid sequences contained in the data bank SWISS-PROT 26. The glycoprotein G23 was completely deglycosylated with peptide-N-glycosidase F, yielding a homogeneous 21-kDa polypeptide composed of approximately 191 amino acids. The structures of the major N-linked neutral oligosaccharides of G23, determined by exoglycosidase sequencing, were as follows: Manα2Manα6(Manα3) Manα6(Manα2Manα2Manα3)Manβ4GlcNAcβ4GlcNAc (13%); ± Manα2Manα6(Manα3)Manα6(± Manα2 Manα2 Manα3)Manβ4GlcNAcβ4GlcNAc (29%); Manα6(Manα3) Manα6(Manα2Manα3)Manβ4GlcNAcβ4GlcNAc (13%); Manα6(Manα3)Manα6(Manα3)Manβ4GlcNAcβ4GlcNAc (16%); Manα6(Manα3)(Xylβ2)Manβ4GlcNAc β4GlcNAc (28%). Changes in G23 abundance during seed development, germination and seedling growth were monitored with a specific antibody. The glycoprotein G23 started to accumulate appreciably during seed formation between the 40th and the 50th days after anthesis and was detected following seed imbibition, until the 9th day in cotyledons, the 2nd day in roots and the 4th day in hypocotyls and leaves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206247
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    Compensatory growth response of the legume, Medicago sativa, to defoliation and denodulation (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; denodulation ; defoliation ; compensatory growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of defoliation and denodulation on compensatory growth of Medicago sativa (L.). Plants grown hydroponically in clear plastic growth pouches were subjected to 0 and 50% nodule pruning, and 0, 25, 50, and 75% defoliation by clipping trifoliate leaves. An additional experiment was conducted to determine if clipping leaves simulated herbivory by Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) larvae. Previously, we determined that nodule pruning accurately simulated herbivory by Sitona hispidulus (L.) larvae (Quinn & Hall, 1992). Results indicated that denodulation stimulated nodule growth and caused exact compensation in standing and total number of nodules per plant within 15 days and in standing nodule biomass within 22 days of treatment. Denodulation caused a significant reduction (13%) in final shoot biomass, but did not affect significantly final root biomass. Percentage of change in number of trifoliate leaves per plant increased with the level of defoliation. Within 22 days of treatment, total number of trifoliate leaves per plant was similar to controls. However, final standing shoot biomasses were significantly less that controls, indicating undercompensatory growth. Shoot biomasses of the 25-, 50-, and 75%-defoliated plants were 18, 20, and 36% lower than controls, respectively. Nodule biomass per plant was reduced by 24 and 32% in 50- and 75%-defoliated plants, respectively, but was not affected significantly by 25% defoliation. Root biomass was affected by all levels of defoliation. Clipping trifoliate leaves accurately simulated defoliation by H. postica larvae. Our results indicated that partial defoliation affected shoot, root, and nodule biomass of M. sativa, but that partial denodulation only affected shoot biomass.
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    Niche relations in Vicia-inhabiting Bruchus spp. (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 152-155 
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    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: predispersal seed predator guild ; Leguminosae ; Bruchidae ; Curculionidae ; Lepidoptera ; intra-and interspecific competition ; Monte Carlo simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194746
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    Adaptation of a Callosobruchus maculatus strain to Vicia faba, as its new host plant (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 156-159 
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    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Bruchidae ; glucosides ; Leguminosae ; larval development ; host-plant adaptation ; β-glucosidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194747
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    Identification of sex pheromones from cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus, and related studies withC. analis (coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 2233-2249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Carboxylic acids ; Leguminosae ; pulses ; stored products ; seed weevils ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; Coleoptera ; cowpea weevil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female cowpea weevils,Callosobruchus maculatus, produce a sex pheromone that elicits orientation and sexual behavior in males. Bioassay-directed isolation of the sex pheromone was conducted and compounds in the active fraction were identified and synthesized. Volatiles were collected from individual virgin females by adsorption on filter paper dises and hexane extraction. A bioassay was used in which the locomotory response of single males in glass vials was recorded upon exposure to treatments or controls. Crude extracts were subjected to silica gel column chromatography with solvents of increasing polarity; all activity eluted with methanol. Activity in the highly polar methanol fraction suggested a carboxylic acid or a compound with multiple polar functionality. Acid-base partitioning of the crude extract isolated all activity in the acid fraction, confirming that the pheromone was a carboxylic acid. The acid fraction was further fractionated by preparative GC with a Carbowax column. The most active GC fraction contained the following five 8-carbon acids identified by GC-MS and comparison with synthetic candidates: 3-methyleneheptanoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid, (E)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid, and (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid. Each of the synthetic acids was active individually for males, and combinations of two or more of the acid pheromones had an additive effect. Upwind flight responses to natural and synthetic pheromones were observed in a flight tunnel. (Z)-3-Methyl-2-heptenoic acid was previously identified as the sex pheromone for the relatedC. analis, but this and the other four acid pheromones fromC. maculatus were inactive for maleC. analis. There was no cross-attraction betweenC. maculatus andC. analis in reciprocal studies using extracted volatiles from females of both species, GC-MS analysis ofC. analis female volatiles failed to detect any of theC. maculatus compounds but did find an unidentified C-8 acid with a GC retention time different from any of theC. maculatus pheromones.
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    Sequence of a new Bowman-Birk inhibitor fromTorresea acreana seeds and comparison withTorresea cearensis trypsin inhibitor (TcTI2) (1996)
    Springer
    The protein journal 15 (1996), S. 553-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; protein sequencing ; Torresea acreana, serine proteinase inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract TaTI (Torresea acreana trypsin inhibitor), a new member of the Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor family, was purified from seeds ofTorresea acreana, one of the two known species ofTorresea, a Brazilian native Leguminosae of the Papilionoideae subfamily. Purification was performed by acetone fractionation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The TaTI appears asM r 7000 in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. There are 63 amino acid residues present in the TaTI sequence, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry (8388 daltons). The putative reactive sites residues were Lys-15 and Arg-42 at the first and second site, respectively. The antibodies raised against TcTI2,Torresea cearensis trypsin inhibitor 2, showed a cross-reaction with TaTI, but not with other Bowman-Birk inhibitors purified from Leguminosae. The inhibition constants of TaTI and TcTI2 were comparable when measured against trypsin, chymotrypsin, and factor XIIa, but not on plasmin. The latter was tenfold more effectively inhibited by TcTI2 then by TaTI. Neither TaTI nor TcTI2 affects thrombin, plasma kallikrein, or factor Xa.
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    Survey of leaf anatomy, especially secretory structures, of tribeCaesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 200 (1996), S. 21-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Cavities ; glands ; idioblasts ; leaf anatomy ; stomata ; trichomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied leaflet anatomy, emphasizing secretory structures, from herbarium specimens of 128 species of 44 genera of tribeCaesalpinieae, using clearings, resin sections, and scanning electron microscopy. These observations, combined with those from our three earlier papers, provide a survey of 210 species representing all genera. Seventy-three species had secretory structures: 21 had glands or gland-like trichomes, 40 had living mesophyll idioblasts, and nine had cavities (three species each had two different types). Five additional species, all inCercidium (Caesalpinia group), had paired or clustered large spheroidal, thick-walled, empty cells (veinlet idioblasts) interconnected by perforation plate-like gaps. Secretory structures have systematic significance at various taxonomic levels.
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    Phylogenetic relationships in the genusStylosanthes (Leguminosae) based upon chloroplast DNA variation (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 200 (1996), S. 193-211 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Stylosanthes ; Chloroplast DNA ; RFLPs ; phylogeny ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A detailed analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length variation was undertaken to reconstruct the maternal phylogeny of 18 taxa from both sections of the papilionoid tropical forage legume genusStylosanthes. Data were analysed by means of the computer program PAUP, using an heuristic search with Wagner parsimony. The resulting cladogram dividedStylosanthes into four separate clades, which comprised: (i) theS. guianensis complex and related species (i.e.S. gracilis, S. grandifolia andS. montevidensis); (ii)S. hispida, tetraploidS. hamata s. l.,S. sympodialis, S. humilis, S. leiocarpa, S. angustifolia and certain accesions ofS. scabra; (iii)S. calcicola, S. viscosa, diploidS. hamata s. str., andS. fruticosa, plus accessions ofS. scabra, S. capitata and one accession ofS. grandifolia; and (iv)S. macrocephala and other accessions ofS. capitata not included within clade 3. Results are generally congruent with previously established interspecific relationships and, moreover, enabled identification of putative maternal progenitors for four tetraploid taxa:S. humilis was identified as a likely maternal parent of bothS. sympodialis andS. hamata s. l.,S. viscosa as a maternal parent ofS. scabra, andS. macrocephala as a maternal parent ofS. capitata.
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    Genista valsecchiae (Leguminosae), a new species from Sardinia (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 200 (1996), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Genista ; Taxonomy ; Flora of Sardinia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genista valsecchiae from SW Sardinia is described and illustrated as a species new to science. It is very similar toG. ephedroides and can be distinguished by morphological differences of habit and inflorescence. It typically occurs in the garigue or maquis and is widespread in SW Sardinia.
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    The morphology of styles and stigmas inVicia (Leguminosae), and its systematic implications (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 108 (1995), S. 17-24 
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    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Morphology ; Stigma ; Style ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and development of styles and stigmas ofVicia, one of the five genera of tribe Vicieae, were studied by scanning electron microscopy to contribute to a revision of infrageneric classification. Among the 22 species examined, variations were found as to: (1) whether a boundary between stigma and style is V-shaped when viewed from the adaxial side or not; (2) whether stylar hairs sprout on all sides of the style or only on the abaxial side; (3) whether a hairy area of the style connects with the stigma area first at lateral sides or at an adaxial side; (4) whether styles are tapered or bottle-neck-shaped; (5) whether styles are straight or bend abaxially. Based on these variations, five morphological types of styles and stigmas were provided with a diagnostic key. Comparisons with related tribes Cicereae, Coronilleae, Galegeae, Hedysareae, Loteae and Trifolieae as possible outgroups suggested that the V-shaped boundary between stigma and style is a synapomorphy of some species withinVicia, and that a dorsally compressed and abaxially tufted style, which was distributed in separate subgenera and sections sensu Kupicha but is now known to occur together with the V-shaped boundary, has evolved only one time in the genus, rather than more than once as supposed earlier.
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    Pea leaf weevil herbivory on pea seedlings: effects on growth response and yield (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 255-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: herbivory ; Curculionidae ; Sitona lineatus (L.) ; Leguminosae ; Pisum sativum L. ; compensatory growth ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments were conducted to determine growth and yield responses ofPisum sativum L. to defoliation by adultSitona lineatus (L.). Seedlings grown under conventional (moldboard plowed) and conservation (chisel plowed) tillage treatments were infested for a 1-week period with 0, 1 and 8 weevils per plant at two times: at 75% field emergence and 1 week later. After the early infestation, defoliation for the control, low and high weevil densities was about 0,15 and 50%, respectively, while defoliation after the late infestation was about 0, 10 and 35%. An undercompensatory growth response was observed in one experiment after seedlings were subjected to moderate levels of early defoliation. Exact compensation was observed in two experiments after early infestations of low and highSitona densities.Sitona defoliation reduced the number of pods per plant and pod length in two experiments. However, seed biomass was never significantly reduced. Averaged over all experiments, reduction in seed biomass due to highSitona densities was 10 and 5% for early and late infestations, respectively. Tillage treatments did not affectPisum compensatory growth response, although yield components were sometimes greater in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage, possibly due to slightly greater soil moisture in the conservation tillage plots.
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    Influence of two successive learning processes on the response ofEupelmus vuilleti Crw (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) to volatile stimuli from hosts and host plants (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1995), S. 751-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Eupelmidae ; Bruchidae ; Leguminosae ; ectoparasitoid ; host-searching ; preemergence learning ; ovipositional experience
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eupelmus vuilleti (Crw) is a solitary ectoparasitoid of several bruchid species which develop inside Leguminosae seeds. In this hymenopteran a preemergence learning process is responsible for a specific response of females toward the host and host-plant volatiles. This learning occurs after the imaginal molt, while the adult remains in the larval chamber of its host. The persistence of the response toward host and host-plant volatiles of females reared onBruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) larvae developing inVigna unguiculata (Walp) seed was investigated in this study. In the absence of any reinforcement, the response towardB. atrolineatus larvae persisted for 6 days after female emergence from the seeds, whereas the response towardV. unguiculata seed volatiles was maintained for 7 days. Our experiments showed that a later learning process also takes place inE. vuilleti. An ovipositional experience on a given plant-host complex enabled females to learn the stimuli from that complex. This learning occurred even if the complex experienced during oviposition differed from the one on which females were reared. After an ovipositional experience on a new plant-host complex, the response acquired through preemergence learning was maintained. These experiments demonstrate that theE. vuilleti females can memorize cues from several species during successive learning processes. The adaptive significance of these learning capacities, which confer an important behavioral plasticity to this generalist parasitoid, is discussed.
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    Antitermitic activity ofLonchocarpus castilloi flavonoids and heartwood extracts (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 455-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Feeding deterrents ; termites ; Cryptotermes brevis ; Isoptera ; Lonchocarpus castilloi ; Leguminosae ; heartwood ; flavonoids ; antitermitic activity ; castillen D ; castillen E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The heartwood of the tropical treeLonchocarpus castilloi Standley (Leguminosae) is highly resistant to attack by the drywood termitesCryptotermes brevis (Walker); nevertheless successive extraction with hexane, diethyl ether, acetone, methanol, and water reduced its resistance to these organisms. Antitermitic properties of the extracts were bioassayed using impregnated filter paper disks. Although the five extracts reduced both feeding and survival ofC. brevis, no significant differences among them were detected. Choice feeding tests showed that termites avoided eating the paper treated with the extracts. Two flavonoid compounds isolated from the heartwood, castillen D and castillen E, impregnated into filter paper showed concentration-dependent feeding deterrent activity, but were not toxic toC. brevis.
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    Systematics and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA in the genusLeucaena (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Leucaena ; RAPDs ; systematics ; cpDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine genomic diversity in taxa of the neotropical legume genusLeucaena. Data were analysed using both similarity- and parsimony-based approaches and the data compared to a parsimonybased analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Distance-based methods of RAPD analysis produced groups inconsistent with those identified by RFLP analysis. Parsimony-based analysis of the data produced groupings largely consistent with those identified using RFLPs. The major differences were grouping of the two subspecies ofLeucaena diversifolia (subsp.diversifolia and subsp.stenocarpa) in the RAPD tree, but their separation in the RFLP tree. The value of RAPD data in systematics as a result of these data and our understanding of the molecular basis of RAPDs are discussed.
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    Microgametophytic plastid nucleoid content and reproductive and life history traits of tribeTrifolieae (Fabaceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 196 (1995), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Medicago ; alfalfa ; Microgametophyte ; biparental inheritance ; DAPI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microgametophytic plastid nucleoids were quantified for 18 species representing the four core genera of the tribeTrifolieae (Fabaceae),Medicago, Melilotus, Trigonella, andTrifolium. Generative cells of all taxa contained nucleoids, establishing that biparental plastid inheritance is common in theTrifolieae. Nucleoid number and volumes of pollen grains and generative cell nuclei differed among taxa. Nucleoid number was positively correlated with pollen grain and generative cell nuclear volumes, flower size and style length. These relationships disappeared after adjusting nucleoid number for pollen grain and generative cell nuclear volumes. Adjusted nucleoid numbers provided no evidence to support hypotheses that plastid content is associated with ploidy level, mating system, perenniality or size of the reproductive apparatus.
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    Chloroplast DNA variation inDesmodium subgenusPodocarpium (Leguminosae): Infrageneric phylogeny and infraspecific variations (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Desmodium ; Leguminosae ; Molecular phylogeny ; SubgenusPodocarpium ; Restriction site variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site variation was examined in five species ofDesmodium subgenusPodocarpium (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae; Desmodieae). Twenty four phylogenetically informative cpDNA mutations were scored. The cladistic analysis of characters based on the 24 mutations resulted in the most parsimonious tree which supports the monophyly of the subgenus.Desmodium elegans of subgenusDollinera was the sister group of subgenusPodocarpium in this tree. The groupings obtained from the cpDNA characters were consistent with the present infrageneric classification system for the subgenus except for the infraspecific taxa ofD. podocarpum. Three groups withinD. podocarpum, which were incongruent with the infraspecific classification of the species, were distinguished by a total of four site mutations. The first group consisted of subsp.podocarpum, subsp.fallax, and subsp.oxyphyllum var.oxyphyllum; the second subsp.oxyphyllum var.oxyphyllum; and the last subsp.oxyphyllum var.oxyphyllum and var.mandshuricum.
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    An examination of the peroxidases from Lupinus albus L. hypocotyls (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Conformer (peroxidase) ; Indole-3-acetic acid (oxidases) ; Leguminosae ; Lupinus (hypocotyl) ; Peroxidase (acidic, basic)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) from hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L. cv. Rio Maior have been characterised using one- and two-dimensional, native electrophoretic techniques. Data are presented showing the complexity in charge and molecular size or shape of these peroxidases. We report the finding of a new acidic peroxidase and several new basic peroxidases in these hypocotyls, and of their stability to treatments considered to break ligand-induced variants and conformational variants derived from differences in polypeptide folding. Densitometric data demonstrate that these new peroxidases contribute up to 60‰ of the total peroxidase activity in hypocotyls. Studies of intercellular fluid, cell-wall and soluble fractions, with assays of purity were conducted in an attempt to define the subcellular locations of these additional peroxidases. The acidic form (pI 4.1) is greatly enriched in soluble fractions, three of the basic peroxidases (pIs 9.5, 9.7 and 〉9.7) are strongly associated to the cell wall, ad a minor, basic component (pI 9.7) is enriched in the intercellular fluid. Individual peroxidase activities with the substrates coniferyl alcohol, ferulic acid or indole acetic acid were compared by densitometric analysis of zymograms with those for guaiacol, and notable differences between these peroxidases in their capacity to oxidise indole acetic acid in vitro were identified. The possible functions of these peroxidases in vivo and their implications to current understanding of peroxidases in L. albus are discussed.
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    A phylogenetic analysis ofLeucaena (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 1-26 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Mimoseae ; Leucaena ; Phylogeny ; chloroplast DNA ; polyploidy ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms have been used to reconstruct the maternal phylogeny of all the known taxa in the small neotropical legume genusLeucaena. Three major plastome clades were recognized, but these did not conform with relationships between the taxa proposed on other characters from morphology, cytology or hybridization. The maternal parentage of tetraploids within the genus has been proposed. Evidence for introgression was found between “diploid”L. diversifolia and “tetraploid”L. diversifolia. The implications of these results for the origin of the cultivated taxa are discussed.
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    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the phytohemagglutinin genes inPhaseolus andVigna (Leguminosae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 131-146 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Phaseolus ; Vigna ; Lectin genes ; phylogeny ; diversity ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) locus were determined among 21 genotypes ofPhaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, and threeVigna species, using five restriction enzymes and one double digestion, in order to provide molecular evidence for their genetic relatedness. The dissimilarity between genotypes was estimated from binary RFLP data. The dissimilarity was high among species (from 0.75 to 0.95), and of variable extent among genotypes of the same species (0.33–0.89). InP. vulgaris, two different DNA hybridization patterns were found, giving further evidence for two major gene pools in that species. The restriction patterns ofP. vulgaris var.aborigineus, the putative ancestral form ofP. vulgaris, exhibit clear homology toP. vulgaris genotypes. An undefined landrace from Taiwan could be identified as aP. vulgaris genotype. RFLP-based trees for the phytohemagglutinin genes of the species studied were computed with several distance matrix and parsimony methods.
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    The characterisation and identification of a naturally occurring hybrid in the genusLeucaena (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 192 (1994), S. 177-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Leucaena esculenta ; L. leucocephala ; Hybridization ; sterile triploid ; morphometric analysis ; DNA characters ; restriction site analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytogeographical, morphological, and molecular evidence for the widespread but sporadic occurrence of sterile hybrids betweenLeucaena leucocephala subsp.glabrata andL. esculenta subsp.esculenta in South-Central Mexico is presented. Most morphological and DNA characters studied in the putative hybrids showed states intermediate between the proposed parental taxa. The occurrence of non-additive nuclear ribosomal DNA phenotypes is discussed and the need to use a suite of nuclear taxon-specific markers to determine hybridity is emphasized. The origin of the hybrid is discussed in relation to the disruption of the distributions of both parental taxa through use by man as minor food plants, providing another example of the important influence of human interference on the evolution ofLeucaena. The successful use of dried leaf material as a source of DNA is highlighted as an efficient way to identify sterile hybrids at the molecular level.
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    Leaf anatomy inCaesalpinia andHoffmannseggia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with emphasis on secretory structures (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 192 (1994), S. 231-255 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Caesalpinia ; Hoffmannseggia ; Crystals ; idioblasts ; glands ; leaf anatomy ; secretory cavities ; stomata ; trichomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaflets of 65 species ofCaesalpinia s.l. and seven species ofHoffmannseggia were studied in clearings supplemented by resin sections and scanning electron microscopy. Three types of secretory structure occurred among 46 species; in 43 species they were distributed mutually exclusively (external glands: 8 species; internal cavities: 5 species; idioblastic cells: 30 species); three other species each had two types. Species with secretory structures conform mostly to proposed subgenera and informal “groups.” Other unusual features were external glands with internal spaces, thickened walls or conspicuous localized wall thickenings in epidermal cells or mesophyll cells of certain species, and differentially stained epidermal cells surrounding stomata. Prismatic crystals predominate but druse crystals also occur.
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    To bee or not to bee?: The pollination biology ofApios americana (Leguminosae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 192 (1994), S. 147-149 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Apios americana ; Bee pollination ; triploid clones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The only hard evidence from field studies in the natural range ofApios americana (Leguminosae) indicates that this species is frequently triploid and seed sterile, and that the only legitimate pollinators are Megachilid bees. Claims of fly pollination based exclusively on examination of floral features of a European botanic garden specimen are unwarranted.
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    Seedling morphology ofLespedeza (Leguminosae) (1993)
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    Journal of plant research 106 (1993), S. 121-128 
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    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Desmodieae ; Leguminosae ; Lespedeza ; Morphology ; Seedling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seedling morphology was studied in 22 species ofLespedeza, of which six belong to subgenusMacroles-pedeza and 16 to subgenusLespedeza. Two seedling types were recognized: 1) those with opposite leaves at the first node; 2) those having the first and subsequent leaves alternate. The two types are distinguished in the number of leaf primordia in the plumule of the seed: the opposite type has two leaf primordia, but the alternate type has only one primordium. Most species exhibited one of the two types, but rarely both types were observed in several species. In species having two types, one type always far outnumbers the other. The opposite type was common in Asian species, while the alternate type was common in North American ones. Because seedlings are of the opposite type inKummerowia which is the most closely related genus withLespdeza, the alternate type is considered to be apomorphic inLespedeza. The apomorphic seedling morphology is, there-fore, dominantly occurred in North American species ofLespedeza. This fact may be an evidence which suggests a monophyletic origin for North American species from an Asian ancesfor.
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    Asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa, lucerne) and Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (sainfoin) (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 455-463 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Intergeneric hybrid ; Protoplast fusion ; Leguminosae ; Total-genomic probing ; Bloat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the production of intergeneric somatic hybrid plants between two sexually incompatible legume species. Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne) leaf protoplasts were inactivated by lethal doses of iodoacetamide. Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) suspension-cell protoplasts were gamma-irradiated at lethal doses. Following electrofusion under optimized conditions about 50,000 viable heterokaryons were produced in each test. The fusion products were cultured with the help of alfalfa nurse protoplasts. Functional complementation permitted only the heterokaryons to survive. A total of 706 putative heterokaryon-derived plantlets were regenerated and 570 survived transplantation to soil. Experimentation was aimed at the introduction of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) from sainfoin, a bloat-safe plant, to alfalfa, a bloat-causing forage crop; however, no tannin-positive regenerant plants were detected. Most regenerant plants have shown morphological differences from the fusion parents, although, as expected, all resembled the “recipient” parent, alfalfa. Southern analysis using an improved total-genomic probing technique has shown low levels of sainfoin-specific DNA in 43 out of 158 tested regenerants. Cytogenetic analysis of these asymmetric hybrids has confirmed the existence of euploid (2n=32; 17%) as well as aneuploid (2n=30, 33–78; 83%) plants. Pollen germination tests have indicated that the majority of the hybrids were fertile, while 35% had either reduced fertility or were completely sterile.
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    Allelopathic potentials of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) saponins: Their relation to antifungal and hemolytic activities (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1063-1074 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Medicago sativa L. ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Leguminosae ; saponins ; triterpenes ; biological activity ; allelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A wheat seedling bioassay was used to indicate the relationship between the chemical structure of alfalfa saponins and their allelopathic activity. None of the tested saponins significantly influenced wheat germination. Seedling growth bioassays indicated significant differences among the activities of individual glycosides. The most active were medicagenic acid, its glycosides substituted at the C-3 position with glucose, and hederagenin monoglycoside. Medicagenic acid glycosides, substituted at the C-3 position with glucuronic acid, and zahnic acid tridesmoside were less active. No significant correlation was found among the allelopathic, hemolytic, and antifungal activities of the individual glycosides.
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    Transfer of bipiperidyl and quinolizidine alkaloids toViscum cruciatum Sieber (Loranthaceae) hemiparasitic onRetama sphaerocarpa boissier (Leguminosae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2389-2393 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Viscum cruciatum ; Loranthaceae ; hemiparasites ; alkaloids ; Leguminosae ; Retama sphaerocarpa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Plant material ofViscum cruciatum Sieber contains bipiperidyl (ammodendrine) and quinolizidine alkaloids (lupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, retamine, cytisine,N-methylcytisine). This plant obtains the alkaloids by root parasitism onRetama sphaerocarpa Boissier (host plant). These results have important implications forViscum ecology, for the study of herbivores that areViscum specialists, and in the development of systems for the investigation of the role of alkaloids as plant defenses.
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    Comparison of production efficiency among field crops related to nitrogen nutrition and application (1993)
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    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 207-210 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: growth efficiency ; Gramineae ; Leguminosae ; respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It has been generally considered that the low productivity of Leguminosae is caused by accumulation in the reproductive organs of a large amount of protein and lipid, since the biochemical costs of synthesizing these compounds is higher than that for carbohydrate. However, we report here on results which show that: the growth efficiencies (dry matter accumulated/ (dry matter accumulated + respiration)) of reproductive organs of Gramineae and Leguminosae were similar; the growth efficiency of rice in the vegetative stage was greater than that of soybean and field bean, regardless of nitrogen application rate; and when 14CO2, 14C-sucrose or 14C-asparagine were introduced to the leaf at the maturation stage, respiratory loss of the introduced 14C was greater in soybean and field bean, especially in the light, than in rice. Thus, it is assumed that the low productivity in Leguminosae is caused by a larger respiratory loss under both dark and light condition in the shoot, and not in the reproductive organs.
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    DNA analysis of tropical plant species: An assessment of different drying methods (1993)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 188 (1993), S. 57-64 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Rubiaceae ; Vochysiaceae ; Leucaena ; Vochysia ; Qualea ; Coffea ; Molecular analysis ; drying methods ; ribosomal DNA ; restriction analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Use of molecular techniques to study plant systematics has been restricted to either largely temperate groups or groups from which seed is readily obtained. Dried material has advantages over other methods of preservation for molecular analyses; it is cheap, easily undertaken, overcomes the difficulties associated with seed recalcitrance and the absence of seeding plants in the field, and most taxonomists are familiar with the method. Three drying techniques were assessed using material collected in the tropics. No differences in either the quantity or the quality of DNA extracted from material dried by these methods was detected. The implications of using dried material in molecular analyses are discussed.
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    Some polyphagous Homoptera gain protection from their natural enemies by feeding on the toxic plantsSpartium junceum andErythrina corallodendrum (Leguminosae) (1992)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 3 (1992), S. 118-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: chemical defence ; tri-trophic interactions ; alkaloids ; Homoptera ; Aphis craccivora ; Icerya spp. ; Lepidosaphes ulmi ; Planococcus citri ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri ; Rodolia cardinalis ; Chilocorus bipustulatus ; Neuroptera ; Chrysopidae ; Chrysoperla carnea ; Hymenoptera ; Encyrtidae ; Encyrtus infelix ; Leguminosae ; Erythrina corallodendrum ; Spartium junceum ; Citrus sinensis ; Euphorbia tirucalli ; Pittosporum tobira
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interactions were studied among alkaloid-containing legumes (Erythrina corallodendrum andSpartium junceum) and non-toxic plants (Citrus sinensis, Cucurbita moschata andEuphorbia tirucalli), several polyphagous homopterans,Aphis craccivora (Aphididae),Icerya purchasi, I. aegyptiaca (Margarodidae),Lepidosaphes ulmi (Diaspididae) andPlanococcus citri (Pseudococcidae), and some major natural enemies of these homopterans. Significant reductions in survival due to negative effects of alkaloid containing as compared with non-alkaloidal plants were recorded for the predatorsRodolia cardinalis andChilocorus bipustulatus, but not forCryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) andSympherobius sanctus (Neuroptera: Sympherobiidae). The development time of the larvae or pupae ofR. cardinalis, C. carnea andS. sanctus was longer on the toxic plants than on the non-toxic ones. The percentage of parasitism ofA. craccivora collected from the non-alkaloidal plantsVicia palaestina andMelilotus albus was much higher than that onS. junceum. The parasitoid complexes ofA. craccivora differed between both plant groups. The nutritive value of honeydew ofI. purchasi andA. craccivora, as expressed by the life span ofEncyrtus infelix (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) adults, was also investigated. Life spans were significantly longer when the wasps fed on honeydew produced on non-alkaloidal plants (C. sinensis andPittosporum tobira) than on alkaloid containing plants whenI. purchasi — but notA. craccivora — was the producer. It is suggested that the chemical defense ofE. corallodendrum andS. junceum is exploited by polyphagous phytophages to reduce predation. In nature, population growth and density of four of the investigated homopterans are conspicuously high when they developed on the alkaloid containing plant species, and very low on non-alkaloid plants. The efficiency of their natural enemies may be reduced by sequestration of alkaloids (or other toxic plant compounds) or their transfer into excreted honeydew. Therefore it is assumed that a generalist phytophagous homopteran may be protected from its natural enemies, although at different rates of efficiency, if it can safely sequester the host allelochemical when it develops on toxic species within its host range.
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    Compensatory response of a legume root-nodule system to nodule herbivory by Sitona hispidulus (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 167-176 
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    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Curculionidae ; Sitona hispidulus ; Leguminosae ; nodule herbivory ; compensatory growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that herbivory of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes causes an exact compensatory response in nodule growth. Plants of Medicago sativa (L.) were grown hydroponically in clear plastic growth pouches so that the number and biomass of root nodules could be estimated nondestructively before, and 10 and 18 days after, partial denodulation. For treatments, plants were subjected to 23% denodulation by first-instar larvae of Sitona hispidulus (F.) (a common herbivore of Medicago and Trifolium) or 50% nodule pruning; additional plants were left untreated. Results indicated that nodule herbivory and nodule pruning caused an overcompensatory response in number of nodules. This was also true for number of nodule units (an indirect measure of nodule biomass) per plant at 10 days after denodulation but had changed to an exact compensatory response by day 18. An inverse relationship between change in number of nodule units and initial number of nodules indicated that compensatory nodulation was regulated by a feedback mechanism. Shoot and root biomasses were not affected by denodulation in this study.
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    Hymenaea protera sp.n. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Dominican amber has African affinities (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 1075-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hymenaea ; Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; fossil ; amber ; Dominican Republic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hymenaea protera is described from amber originating from La Toca mine in the Dominican Republic. The fossil species is characterized by the presence of reduced petals as well as distinctly clawed showy petals with cordate to reniform bases and a glabrous, verrucose ovary with long hirsute hairs at its base and along one margin. The fossil species most closely resembles the extantH. verrucosa Gaertner which occurs in East Africa and adjacent islands. These findings are interpreted as supporting a hypothesis that the genusHymenaea arose in the late Cretaceous on the combined South American-African continents and that Cretaceous and early Tertiary landmass movements were significant in determining the present amphi-Atlantic distribution of the genus. It is proposed that at least the majority, if not all, of the amber recovered from La Toca mine and other mines in the vicinity with similar-aged deposits originated fromH. protera.
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    Primary structure of kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor-2a (pI 5.9) fromPsophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seed (1991)
    Springer
    The protein journal 10 (1991), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Trypsin inhibitor ; Kunitz-type seed inhibitor ; amino acid sequence ; sequence similarity ; Leguminosae ; winged bean ; Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The primary structure of acidic trypsin inhibitor-2a (WBTI-2a,pI 5.9) fromPsophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seed was determined. This inhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 180 amino acids including four half-cystine residues and has an N-terminal residue of pyroglutamic acid. The sequence of WBTI-2a,pI 5.9, showed 84% identity to acidic trypsin inhibitor-2 (WBTI-2,pI 5.1) but only 57% identity to the basic trypsin inhibitor (WBTI-1,pI 8.9) and 50% identity to the chymotrypsin inhibitor of winged bean. The data indicate that winged bean seed contains a family of three Kunitz-type inhibitors which have about 50% identity.
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    Allozyme variation and phylogeny in annual species ofCicer (Leguminosae) (1991)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 175 (1991), S. 11-21 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Cicer ; Allozymes ; isozyme gene duplication ; phylogenetic relations ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozymic variation at 30 isozyme loci was examined electrophoretically in nine annual and one perennial species ofCicer. While most of the accessions examined were monomorphic, species can be differentiated on the basis of their enzyme phenotypes. Several groups of species were identified based upon genetic distance values. For example,C. arietinum, C. reticulatum, andC. echinospermum shared the same alleles for most of the loci exmained. PerennialC. anatolicum is also closely related to this group. Similarly,C. judaicum, C. bijugum, andC. pinnatifidum formed another group. Two annual species,C. chorassanicum andC. yamashitae clustered together, whereasC. cuneatum was the most distantly related species. Correlations were found between genetic distances and geographic distribution. Results from enzyme electrophoresis tend to support the previously reported taxonomic treatments based upon crossability and morphological similarity. However,C. yamashitae, which has been classified in the second crossability group, is quite distinct genetically and morphologically from the remaining species of the group. An isozyme gene duplication observed in the genus suggested the monophyletic origin of the species examined in the present study.
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    Medicago truncatula f.laxicycla (Leguminosae), a new taxon with loose fruit coiling promoting rapid germination of the fruit-retained seeds (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 174 (1991), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Medicago truncatula f.laxicycla ; M. laxispira ; Evolution ; adaptation ; seed germination ; chromosome number ; Flora of Libya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Medicago truncatula is a member ofMedicago sect.Spirocarpos, in which all 34 species have coiled fruit, usually tightly coiled, that permanently retain the seeds. A variant ofM. truncatula from Libya is unique for the species in possessing very loosely coiled fruits, and is here recognized as a new forma,M. truncatula f.laxicycla E. Small. In germination tests of a number of species ofMedicago, the unusual Libyan variant proved to be the only one in which rapid and simultaneous germination of most of the seeds occurred while still within a fruit. The loose coiling of the fruit of the Libyan variety appears to facilitate water entry and seedling escape. Its rapid germination might adapt it to respond quickly to intermittently available moisture, but at the cost of abandoning the strategy of intermittent germination adopted by other populations ofMedicago sect.Spirocarpos.
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    Cytotaxonomic studies of Eastern MediterraneanVicia species (Leguminosae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 177 (1991), S. 221-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Vicieae ; Vicia ; Vetch ; chromosome number ; DNA amount ; microdensitometry ; cytotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Collected material of rare and newVicia spp. was investigated from a cytotaxonomic point of view. Nineteen species were examined in total. The study includes 14 novel chromosome counts and measurements of DNA amount, as well as a comparison of chromosome morphology between species. The results of the cytological study support to an extent a recent taxonomical revision of subgenusVicia.
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    Nuclear DNA variability withinPisum sativum (Leguminosae): Cytophotometric analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 173 (1990), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Pisum sativum ; Cytophotometry ; nuclear DNA content ; DNA variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cultivars or experimental lines ofPisum sativum were analyzed cytophotometrically for nuclear DNA content of early prophases after ethanol-acetic acid fixation. Wide variability was found (from 3.93 to 5.07pg per haploid nucleus). This result was confirmed by the cytophotometric analysis of interphase nuclei isolated from leaf tissues fixed in formalin. Analysis of interphase nuclei at different thresholds of optical density showed that certain chromatin fractions are involved in the variations.
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    Metabolism of [1,2-3H]gibberellin A4 by epicotyls and cell-free preparations from Phaseolus coccineus L. seedlings (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 178 (1989), S. 267-274 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin metabolism (in vitro, in vivo) ; Gibberellin transport ; Leguminosae ; Phaseolus (gibberellin metabolism) ; Seedling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free systems were prepared from germinating seed and seedlings of Phaseolus coccineus. Gibberellin A4 (GA4)-metabolising activity was detected in vitro using preparations from roots, shoots and cotyledons of germinating seed, but only up to 24 h after imbibition. Cell-free preparations from cotyledons converted [3H]GA4 to GA1, GA34, GA4-glucosyl ester and a putative O-glucoside of GA34, and, in addition converted [3H]GA1 to GA8. Preparations from embryo tissues contained 2β-hydroxylase activity, converting [3H]GA4 to GA34 and [3H]GA1 to GA8. The presence of GA-metabolising enzymes was also indicated by in-vivo feeds of [3H]GA4 to epicotyls of intact 4-d-old seedlings, which resulted in the accumulation of GA1, GA8, GA3-3-O-glucoside, GA4-glucosyl ester, GA8-2-O-glucoside and a putative O-glucoside of GA34. Gibberellin A1 was the first metabolite detected, 15 min after application of [3H]GA4, but after 24 h most of the label was associated with GA8-2-O-glucoside. Over 90% of the recovered radioactivity was found in the shoot. Within the shoot, movement was preferentially acropetal, and was not dependent upon metabolism of the applied [3H]GA4.
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    A serological contribution to the systematics of the genusLupinus (Fabaceae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 166 (1989), S. 265-278 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Fabaceae ; Genisteae ; Sophoreae ; Thermopsideae ; Lupinus ; Serological systematics ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The immunological comparison of the seed reserve proteins suggests thatLupinus is a natural genus, the American and the Euro-African species belonging to the same stock. Among the Lupines of the Old World, the smooth-seeded and the rough-seeded species from two natural segregates. The genusLupinus is serologically related to the rest of theGenisteae and to the AsiaticSophoreae rather than to AmericanSophoreae andThermopsideae. The data suggest thatLupinus may have originated with the remainder of theGenisteae from primitiveSophoreae of temperate-subtropical Asia. America and the Mediterranean-African region are regarded as secondary centres of speciation.
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    Karyotypic and chloroplast genomic diversity inMedicago sect.Lupularia (Leguminosae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 166 (1989), S. 69-78 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Medicago lupulina ; M. secundiflora ; Chromosomes ; karyotypes ; chloroplast DNA evolution ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were made on the chromosome complements and chloroplast genomes ofMedicago lupulina andM. secundiflora, which comprise sectionLupularia ofMedicago. Both types of analyses indicated more substantial differences between these species than suggested by external morphology.Medicago lupulina has a relatively asymmetrical karyotype in terms of centromeric position and relative length. The karyotype ofM. secundiflora is comparatively more asymmetrical in centromeric position and reduced in absolute size but exhibits greater symmetry in relative length. The restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns of the chloropiast DNA of these two species (with Bam HI, Eco RI, Bgl II, and Xho I) show little similarity, with only 17% of the fragments matching in size. The lack of interspecific congruence among data of morphology, karyology and cpDNA inLupularia is contrary to consistency exhibited among these data inMedicago subsect.Intertextae.
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    Preferential infestation of fruits within theMedicago truncatula — M. littoralis (Leguminosae) complex by the bean weevilBruchidius bimaculatus (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 163 (1989), S. 35-41 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Medicago truncatula ; Medicago littoralis ; Bruchidius bimaculatus ; Bruchid infestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bean weevilBruchidius bimaculatus was found in fruits of 68 of 217 populations of theMedicago truncatula — M. littoralis complex of Israel, Greece, Italy and Spain. Infestation was higher in fruits of somewhat larger than mean size, and in the more pubescent and tightly coiled fruits. Bean weevil size proved to be independent of fruit size, so that the “preference” for larger fruits does not seem due to adaptation to a larger food source or a larger domicile. Fruit size has been used to delimit the host “species”M. truncatula andM. littoralis, but the character proved to be unimodal, and it is apparent that the taxonomy of the plant complex requires further clarification. Of the 11 472 fruits examined, less than 4% were infested. Given that the plants have evolved indehiscent legumes in which typically only one of the approximately six seeds survives to reproduce, and that very few seeds of a fruit are destroyed, the bruchid's infestation appears to be non-harmful, and indeed the association may be mutualistic.
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    Pollen-ovule patterns in tribeTrifolieae (Leguminosae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Leguminosae ; Medicago ; Trigonella ; Melilotus ; Trifolium ; Parochetus ; Ononis ; Pollen ; pollination ; ovule ; adaptation ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Relative pollen and ovule production in the genera of the legume tribeTrifolieae is explored particularly as to howMedicago with its explosive pollination mechanism compares with its allies.Medicago produces much larger, although much fewer pollen per ovule than the other five genera in the tribe; this is interpreted as a consequence of its highly specialized, irreversible pollination mechanism, which allows only one effective exchange of pollen with pollinators.Melilotus andTrifolium produce a comparatively large quantity of pollen; this can be related to their floral characteristics requiring abundant pollen to achieve fertilization. InMedicago andTrigonella, annuals convert a higher proportion of pollen grains and ovules into seeds than perennials.
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    Plant regeneration from leaf-derived callus cultures of the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes scabra Vog. (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 3-8 
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    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Stylosanthes scabra ; callus culture ; organogenesis ; regeneration ; Leguminosae ; in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures of 5 genotypes of S. scabra Vog. were optimally established from leaf tissue on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5–2.0 mg l-1 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and 1.0–2.0 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). On media containing 2, 4-D only, calli were soft, and rhizogenesis occurred on calli of 4 genotypes. Calli formed on media containing BAP only, but not with kinetin only. In the presence of 2, 4-D, BAP inhibited rhizogenesis and promoted better callus growth than kinetin. High frequency shoot induction was achieved for 3 genotypes on MS +2.0 mg l-1 BAP. Roots formed on shoots when sub-cultured on half-strenght MS without growth regulators. The form of cytokinin used in the callus induction media appeared to affect subsequent shoot organogenesis. Genotypic differences were observed for shoot organogenesis. There was some morphological variation evident among regenerants.
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    Relationship between tolerance and accumulation characteristics of cadmium in higher plants (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 275-280 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: accumulation ; Cd ; Cruciferae ; Cucurbitaceae ; Gramineae ; Leguminosae ; NH4NO3-extractable Cd ; sand soil ; soil pH ; Solanaceae ; Taxonomy ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ten plant species belonging to 5 families,i.e., Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, and Solanaceae, were grown in a sand soil at two pH levels. The soil was subjected to an application of CdCl2 at rates of 0 to 700 mgCd·kg−1 soil. The relationship between Cd concentration in the shoots (tc) and soil (sc; NH4NO3 extractable) was expressed by the equation: log (tc)=α+βlog (sc). The coefficients α and β were estimated for each species at each level of soil pH. Plottings of the scores on α and β axes showed that the Cd accumulation characteristics in the plants appeared to depend on the families irrespective of soil pH. Based on theupper critical concentration of Cd in the tops (Ct), the Cruciferae and Leguminosae species were found to be the most and the least tolerant to Cd, respectively. The Ct values correlated exceedingly well with the values of α.
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    Transfer of pyrrolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids toCastilleja (Scrophulariaceae) hemiparasites from composite and legume host plants (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1917-1925 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Castilleja ; Scrophulariaceae ; Senecio ; Asteraceae ; Lupinus ; Leguminosae ; hemiparasites ; alkaloids ; plant-insect interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Castilleja (Scrophulariaceae) species of the western United States contain pyrrolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. TheCastilleja obtain the alkaloids by root parasitism on host plants, withSenecio atratus andS. triangularis (Asteraceae) furnishing the pyrrolizidines, and quinolizidines being obtained fromLupinus species andThermopsis montana (Leguminosae). Individual plants within a givenCastilleja species population may be devoid of alkaloids while others have high alkaloid content. No populations have been found which are made up of both pyrrolizidine- and quinolizidine-containing individuals. These results have important implications forCastilleja ecology, for the study of insect herbivores which areCastilleja specialists, and in the development of systems for the investigation of the role of alkaloids as plant defenses.
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    A new species of the genusLotus (Fabaceae) in North Africa (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 155 (1987), S. 307-309 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Fabaceae ; Lotus ; L. creticus group ; L. digii spec. nova ; Flora of Morocco ; of Egypt ; of N. Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species,Lotus digii, has been found in Morocco growing on the coastal sandy soils. Further localities are from Algeria and Egypt. It should be expected also in Libya.
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    Pollination-related characteristics in the mimosoid legumeAcacia terminalis (Leguminosae) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 157 (1987), S. 49-62 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Mimosoideae ; Acacia terminalis ; Bee- and bird-pollination ; extrafloral nectaries ; intraspecific variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intraspecific variation has been found for several pollination-related characteristics in two isolated populations of the self-incompatible treeAcacia terminalis: floral characteristics including colour and flowering time; style length; size and colour of extrafloral nectaries on the leaf petioles; chemical components of the extrafloral nectar; different taxa of bee pollinators; and frequency differences in bird pollinators. These differences possibly reflect the evolution of two different pollination syndromes within this species.
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    Onobrychis aliacmonia (Leguminosae) — the unusual story of a rediscovery (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 155 (1987), S. 215-217 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Fabaceae ; Onobrychis aliacmonia ; Endemism ; threatened plants ; rediscovery ; Flora of Greece (Makedhonia, Peloponnisos)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Onobrychis aliacmonia was discovered in 1956 and described in 1973, the year when it was last collected. Its single known locality was flooded soon afterward by an artificial lake now extending over the middle portion of the Aliakmon Valley (western Greek Makedhonia), and the species was believed extinct. It has now been rediscovered in the southern Peloponnisos, in an area far south of the locus classicus and in a widely different ecological context.
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    Breeding systems and pollination inVigna minima (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 156 (1987), S. 117-126 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Papilionoideae ; Vigna minima ; Polymorphism ; floral breeding systems ; pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four types of floral breeding systems—(i) chasmogamy, (ii) aerial pseudocleistogamy, (iii) subterranean pseudocleistogamy and (iv) obligate subterranean true cleistogamy—are observed in the populations ofVigna minima inhabiting the Western Ghats (India). Five categories of phenotypes are recognized based on the number and kinds of floral breeding systems found in a given individual. The frequencies of different categories of phenotypes not only show intra- and interpopulation variation, but also fluctuate from generation to generation suggesting differences in the genetic structure of populations. This polymorphism in the breeding system of a single species is unique and may be adaptive. Obligate subterranean true cleistogamy and amphicarpy appear to be adaptations to jungle fires and soil erosion.—The flowers are of the flag-blossom type and insect visitors act as tripping agents. The tripping mechanism together with the polymorphic floral breeding system result in a balanced mixture of selfing and outcrossing. Such a recombination system may enhance the fitness ofV. minima which is essentially a colonizing species.
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    Adventitious roots inGlycine subg.Glycine (Leguminosae): Morphological and taxonomic indicators of the B genome (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1987), S. 37-46 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Glycine spp. ; Genome ; adventitious roots ; pod ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adventitious roots were observed on 3 wild perennialGlycine species, in short-poddedG. clandestina, G. latifolia and mostG. tabacina (2x, 4x, 6x), while other species lacked adventitious roots. This suggests that the adventitious roots trait is associated with B genome species. Intra- and interspecific F1 hybrids reveal that adventitious roots apparently are inherited recessively. The presence of adventitious roots or short-poddedG. clandestina, coupled with infertility with longer-poddedG. clandestina, and enzymatic and leaflet morphology differences between the twoG. clandestina subgroups, supports segregation of the short-podded form as a separate taxon.
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    Pollination, fertilization and seed development in winter stocks of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 925-934 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vicia faba ; Leguminosae ; winter faba beans ; pollination ; fertilization ; ovular abortion ; seed development ; reproductive losses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Incidences of pollination and fertilization were determined in five stocks of winter bean (two populations, two inbred lines, one cultivar) in two years. In the second year, irrigation was included as an experimental treatment and the development of seeds was monitored. Large differences between years were found in the measures of pollination and fertilization, and irrigation was associated with a small but significant increase in the proportion of ovules which were fertilized within fertilized flowers, particularly in the ovules furthest from the stigma. This increase was clearly reflected in the corresponding indices of seed maturation in the irrigated plants. Irrigation was not associated with any change in the proportion of ovules which aborted. Small but statistically significant differences in all of the measures of pollination and fertilization were found among the stocks. It is suggested that the variation in the incidences of pollination and fertilization was largely associated with variation in the synchrony of anthesis within racemes. The proportion of ovules within pods which matured as seeds and the proportion which aborted both varied significantly among the five stocks. Abortion appeared to act independently of fertilization in affecting the index of seed maturation, so both mechanisms should be considered when breeding for improved filling of pods.
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    Family-dependent cadmium accumulation characteristics in higher plants (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 405-415 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Accumulation ; Cd ; Chenopodiaceae ; Compositae ; Cruciferae ; Cucurbitaceae ; Gramineae ; Leguminosae ; Liliaceae ; Sand soil ; Solanaceae ; Taxonomy ; Umbelliferae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Thirty four plant species belonging to 9 families were grown on a sand soil with various levels of added Cd. The Cd content of aerial parts of the plants (tc) was correlated to the soil Cd level (sc) in a double-logarithmic relationship: log (tc)=α+β log (sc). The regression coefficients α and β statistically differed among plant families. Plant families were classified into 3 groups based on the α values; (1) low accumulation, Leguminosae; (2) moderate accumulation, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Umbelliferae; and (3) high accumulation, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Solanaceae and Compositae. Values of β also enabled to discriminate the families into (1) Umbelliferae, Cucurbitaceae and Cruciferae in which Cd accumulation was promoted at higher soil Cd levels, and. (2) the other families which were of the excluder type.
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    Biochemical insight into insecticidal properties ofl-Canavanine, a higher plant protective allelochemical (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1145-1156 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: l-Canavanine ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Caryedes brasiliensis ; Dioclea megacarpa ; Leguminosae ; Sternechus tuberculatus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Curculionidae ; Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; allelochemicals ; toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract l-Canavanine manifests potent insecticidal properties in a canavanine-sensitive insect such as the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae). Investigations of the biochemical basis for the antimetabolic properties of this arginine analog reveal that it is activated and aminoacylated by arginyl tRNA synthetase and incorporated into the nascent polypeptide chain. This creates structurally aberrant, canavanine-containing proteins that can possess altered physicochemical properties. Evidence is presented in studies with the tobacco hornworm; the canavanine-adapted bruchid beetle,Caryedes brasiliensis (Bruchidae) and the weevil,Sternechus tuberculatus (Curculionidae); as well as the canavanine-resistant larvae ofHeliothis virescens [Noctuidae] to support the contention that formation of aberrant, canavanyl proteins produce deleterious biological effects and is a significant basis for canavanine's antimetabolic properties.
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    Potentially defensive proteins in mature seeds of 59 species of tropical leguminosae (1986)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1469-1480 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Seed predation ; seed chemistry ; lectins ; protease inhibitors ; phytohemagglutins ; Costa Rica ; seed defenses ; Leguminosae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of 59 species of tropical legume seeds revealed high interspecific variation in proteinaceous capacity to inhibit bovine trypsin (a digestive enzyme) and to agglutinate human (type B, Rh positive) and laboratory rabbit red blood cells. The legume subfamily Mimosoideae was conspicuous for the absence of seeds with very weak trypsin inhibition. Congenerics sometimes differed strongly from each other with respect to both trypsin inhibition and phytohemagglutination. Half the species of seeds displayed no hemagglutinating capacity with one or the other kinds of red blood cells, and in only 27% of the 30 cases where there was some activity did the same species of seed actively agglutinate both species of red blood cells. A species of seed that had hemagglutinating capacity was almost invariably associated with moderate to high levels of trypsin inactivation. While it has been long known that a great diversity of small toxic and potentially defensive molecules occur in legume seeds and that one species of seed often contains several of them, we now feel that it is reasonable to consider legume seeds as also containing a high diversity of potentially toxic protein molecules. A single seed is likely to contain, at the least, three to four classes of defensive compounds, any or all of which, or some in combination, may be the cause of a seed being rejected by a potential seed predator.
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    Litter decomposing and ectomycorrhizalBasidiomycetes in an igapó forest (1986)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 153 (1986), S. 107-117 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fungi ; Basidiomycetes ; Amanitaceae ; Boletaceae ; Russulaceae ; Leguminosae ; Litter decomposition ; ectomycorrhiza ; mycosociology ; igapó forest ; Amazonia ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An igapó forest near the confluence of Rio Tarumã Mirim (Tarumãzinho) and Rio Negro has been studied. It is a typical ectotroph forest with a raw humus layer and suppressed litter decomposing activity by Higher (i.e., carpophore-producing) Fungi. The number of the latter is about one-fifth of that observed in the (anectotrophic) terra firme forest. All ectotrophically mycorrhizal fungi observed belonged in three families:Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae. Leguminosae are dominant, and of theseAldina latifolia andSwartzia cf.polyphylla were demonstrably ectomycorrhizal. The scarcity of mineral nutrients in the soils of igapó, campinarana and campina is overcome by direct cycling through ectomycorrhizae. This is in contrast to other black- and white-water inundated forest communities in Amazonia.
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    Correlations between 2C DNA values and habit inCassia (Leguminosae:Caesalpinioideae) (1986)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 153 (1986), S. 223-227 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Cassia ; Habit ; DNA content ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ten species of the genusCassia show a range of 2C DNA amounts from 1.30 to 2.54 pg at the same ploidy level. Remarkably, a distinct 2-fold increase is depicted by an arboreal speciesC. excelsa while the rest comprising of herbs, trees and shrubs have a range from 1.30 to 1.47 pg. These form a natural grouping with respect to mean DNA amounts which differ by 0.05 pg in the herbs, trees and shrubs respectively.
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    Conversion of [14C]gibberellin A12-aldehyde to C19- and C20-gibberellins in a cell-free system from immature seed of Phaseolus coccineus L. (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin biosynthesis ; Leguminosae ; Phaseolus (gibberellin biosynthesis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cell-free system prepared from developing seed of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) converted [14C]gibberellin A12-aldehyde to several products. Thirteen of these were identified by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as gibberellin A1 (GA1), GA4, GA5, GA6, GA15, GA17, GA19, GA20, GA24, GA37, GA38, GA44 and GA53-aldehyde, all giving mass spectra with 14C-isotope peaks. GA8 and GA28 were also identified but contained no 14C. All the [14C]GA12-aldehyde metabolites, except GA15, GA24 and GA53-aldehyde, are known endogenous GAs of P. coccineus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392218
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  • 96
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    Floral display in Vicia faba, and the distribution of a flower thrips, Kakothrips pisivourus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Thysanoptera ; Thripidae ; Kakothrips pisivorus ; Leguminosae ; Vicia faba ; floral display ; flowers ; sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé K. pisivorus Westwood (Thysanoptera) se développe dans les fleurs de Vicia faba L. (Leguminosae). Les durées combinées des stades embryonnaires et larvaires dépassent celles des fleurs. Chaque larve doit changer de fleur sur la plante au moins une fois. La présence de larves agées dans les bourgeons provient de l'existence de déplacements larvaires interfloraux réussis. Si les thrips quittant une fleur sénescente gagnent une nouvelle fleur voisine, les vieilles larves s'accumuleront à la fin d'une série de fleurs de courte durée de vie. La distribution de K. pisivorus sur la plante a été examinée; des fleurs du même âge ont été échantillonées dans 3 positions sur les inflorescences. Il n'y a pas eu d'effet significatif de la position des fleurs sur les oeufs et larves 1. Les adultes passent une partie de la journée sur les fleurs les plus proches peut-être parce qu'elles sont les plus hautes. A l'extrémité des inflorescences de V. faba, l'accumulation de larves agées était supérieure à celle prévue. La discussion porte sur les relations entre la durée de vie des fleurs, leur position et les insectes que les occupent. La distribution des thrips influe sur les techniques d'échantillonnage.
    Notes: Abstract The flower thrips Kakothrips pisivorus (Westwood) (Thysanoptera) breeds in flowers of Vicia faba L. (Leguminosae). The egg and larval stages combined outlast the flowers. Each larva must move between the flowers on a plant at least once. The presence of old larvae in buds demonstrates successful inter-floral movement by larvae. If thrips leaving a dying flower transfer to a new flower nearby, old larvae will accumulate at the end of a spatial sequence of adjacent short-lived flowers. The distribution of K. pisivorus on the plant was investigated. Old larvae did accumulate in flowers at the end of V. faba racemes, as predicted. The relationship between floral lifespan, floral display, and flower inhabitants is discussed. The distribution of the thrips is relevant to sampling procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295256
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  • 97
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    Patterns of fruit and seed production inBauhinia ungulata (Leguminosae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Bauhinia ungulata. — Fruit production ; seed production ; position effects ; herbivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of seed and fruit production ofBauhinia ungulata, a small tree legume indigenous in tropical America, were studied in Costa Rica. Only about 8% of flowers produced fruits. The average pod had 19 ovules and about two thirds of these began seed development, with mature pods containing an average of 9.7 mature undamaged seeds. About half of the mature pods were damaged by herbivores and within these, 27% of ovules or seeds had been eaten. Among trees there was no significant variation in pod production, but the number of ovules per pod and seed production per pod varied significantly. Within infructescences most pods were retained at middle positions. Within pods, the probability of an ovule developing into a seed increased toward the distal end. The pattern of seed and fruit production in this species agrees well in general with that reported for other neotropical legumes. The abortion of seeds and fruits can be regarded as a way of controlling maternal investment, and as a response to herbivory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02418019
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  • 98
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    Chemistry of legume protease inhibitors and their use in taxonomy (1985)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 35 (1985), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; protease inhibitors ; primary structure ; electrophoresis ; taxonomy ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Protease inhibiting proteins, especially those that bind to trypsin and chymotrypsin, are widely distributed withinLeguminosae. Data on the primary structure and reactive sites known for some of them allow a classification into inhibitor families; inhibitors with the same topological molecular structures are grouped together. Evaluation of amino acid sequences based on amino acid replacements has been shown to be useful for understanding taxonomic and phylogenetic relations at the molecular level. The application of this method to theLeguminosae is demonstrated here with the example of the Bowman—Birk inhibitor family. A rapid method of obtaining inhibitor patterns from seed extracts is the use of disc electrophoresis followed by specific staining of the inhibitor bands. The types of inhibitor patterns, in combination with trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities and the quotients of these two activities, can be used for taxonomic studies. Results obtained with this method were first proven to correlate with the results of other chemotaxonomic techniques within the genusAcacia. In the case of Australian acacias, this technique was used to demonstrate closer relationships between uninervedRacemosae andBotryocephalae (Bipinnatae) and also betweenPlurinerves andPulchellae (Bipinnatae) than between the twoBipinnatae and betweenPlurinerves andJuliflorae. This technique has also been used to excludeAcacia mitchellii from the seriesPulchellae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092194
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  • 99
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    Allozyme divergence and evolution in the genusLens (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Lens. — Systematics ; allozymes ; reproductive barriers ; domestication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusLens includes 5 taxonomic species:L. culinaris is cultivated andL. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. ervoides, andL. nigricans are wild. All the species are annual and almost exlusively selfers. The wild lentils are distributed over a large geographical area and form small disjunct populations which are composed of a small number of plants. 67Lens populations were assayed electrophoretically for 9 enzyme systems; 15 enzymic genes with 37 alleles were identified. The genetic distances (D) measured between the pairs of populations indicated a significantly greater similarity between populations belonging to the same taxonomic species. Assuming the populations represent a random sample of the variability in each of the species the genetic distances (D) between the 5 taxa were calculated. The shortest genetic distance was found betweenL. orientalis andL. culinaris. Another significant feature of the data is the apparent isolation ofL. nigricans from the other 4 species. The genetic distances between theLens species are compared to the patterns of crossability barriers between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02418025
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  • 100
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    Cytogenetic observations on a monosomic inSesbania macrocarpa Muhl. (Leguminosae) (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1414-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Sesbania macrocarpa ; karyotypic analysis ; monosomic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Karyotypic analysis of a spontaneous monosomic plant isolated from a population ofSesbania macrocarpa (2n=4x=24) revealed that one chromosome of the smallest set was missing. The absence of this chromosome caused a deleterious effect on the meiotic system of the plant, resulting in total male and female sterility. The origin of the species in this context is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951918
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