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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dry Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Canning Quality as Influenced by Soak Time, Soak Solution, and Cultivar (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydration ratio of dry peas increased as soak time increased. Drained weights for the cv. Alaska decreased as soak time was increased, but drained weight for the cv. Garfield remained constant. Shear values increased for‘Alaska’, but decreased for‘Garfield’as soak time was extended. Moisture content decreased for‘Alaska’, but increased for‘Garfield’as soak time was extended. Objective color remained constant regardless of soak time. Sensory integrity (wholeness) was improved as soak time was extended for‘Alaska’peas. The addition of 0.5% CaCl2 solution to canned peas reduced hydration ratios, drained weights, and color, and increased shear values and sensory integrity and appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13318.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genome (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 90-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Chickpea ; Sequence-tagged microsatellite markers ; Primer sequences ; Genome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A size-selected genomic library comprising 280,000 colonies and representing ≈18% of the chickpea genome, was screened for (GA)n, (GAA)n and (TAA)n microsatellite-containing clones, of which 389 were sequenced. The majority (∼75%) contained perfect repeats; interrupted, interrupted compound and compound repeats were only present in 6%–9% of cases. (TAA)-microsatellites contained the longest repeats, with unit numbers from 9 to 131. For 218 loci primers could be designed and used for the detection of microsatellite length polymorphisms in six chickpea breeding cultivars, as well as in C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, wild, intercrossable relatives of chickpea. A total of 174 primer pairs gave interpretable banding patterns, 137 (79%) of which revealed at least two alleles on native polyacrylamide gels. A total of 120 sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers were genetically mapped in 90 recombinant inbred lines from an inter-species cross between C. reticulatum and the chickpea cultivar ICC 4958. Markers could be arranged in 11 linkage groups (at a LOD score of 4) covering 613 cM. Clustering as well as random distribution of loci was observed. Segregation of 46 markers (39%) deviated significantly (P ≥ 0.05) from the expected 1:1 ratio. The majority of these loci (73%) were located in three distinct regions of the genome. The present STMS marker map represents the most advanced co-dominant DNA marker map of the chickpea genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051063
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization in the genus Lens by means of embryo culture (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lens culinaris ; L. ervoides ; Hybridization ; Embryo breakdown ; Embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cultivated lentil L. culinaris and the wild lentil L. ervoides are reproductively isolated from one another due to their hybrid embryo breakdowns. Using embryo culture, vegetatively normal hybrids were obtained. One specific hybrid, heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, had about 50% gamete viability and produced aborted and viable embryos in a 1∶1 ratio. In the F2, vegetatively normal and highly fertile plants were selected. With the aid of embryo culture techniques, L. ervoides can be included in the wild gene pool of the cultivated lentil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264489
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability for restriction fragment lengths and phylogenies in lentil (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lens culinaris ; Lens nigricans ; RFLP ; Wildlentil ; Genetic distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thirty accessions of domesticated (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) and wild (L. culinaris ssp. orientalis, L. culinaris ssp. odemensis, L. nigricans ssp. ervoides and L. nigricans ssp. nigricans) lentil were evaluated for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) using ten relative low-copy-number probes selected from partial genomic and cDNA libraries of lentil. Nei's average gene diversity was used as a measure of genetic variability for restriction fragment lengths within subspecies and a dendrogram was constructed from genetic distance estimates between subspecies. The wild lentils L. culinaris ssp. orientalis and L. culinaris ssp. odemensis showed the greatest variability for restriction fragment lengths and were closely positioned to domesticated lentil in the dendrogram. Little variability for restriction fragment lengths was observed within accessions of L. nigricans ssp. ervoides and L. nigricans ssp. nigricans. This observation is consistent with a previously published proposal that nigricans may have been independently domesticated. Estimates of genetic variability based on RFLPs tended to be greater than estimates from isozymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268336
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkages between restriction fragment length, isozyme, and morphological markers in lentil (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lens culinaris ; Lens orientalis ; Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; cDNA ; Random genomic fragments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A genetic linkage map of lentil comprising 333 centimorgans (cM) was constructed from 20 restriction fragment length, 8 isozyme, and 6 morphological markers segregating in a single interspecific cross (Lens culinaris × L. orientalis). Because the genotypes at marker loci were determined for about 66 F2 plants, linkages are only reported for estimates of recombination less than 30 cM. Probes for identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were isolated from a cDNA and EcoRI and PstI partial genomic libraries of lentil. The cDNA library gave the highest frequency of relatively low-copy-number probes. The cDNAs were about twice as efficient, relative to random genomic fragments, in RFLP detection per probe. Nine markers showed significant deviations from the expected F2 ratios and tended to show a predominance of alleles from the cultigen. Assuming a genome size of 10 Morgans, 50% of the lentil genome could be linked within 10 cM of the 34 markers and the map is of sufficient size to attempt mapping of quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305835
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allozyme and morphological variability, outcrossing rate and core collection formation in lentil germplasm (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1991), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lens culinaris ; Isozymes ; Genetic diversity ; Core collection ; Cross-pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A survey of qualitative genetic variation at 3 morphological trait loci, 17 isozyme loci and a putative isozyme locus (amylase) was made for 105 lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) germplasm accessions from Chile, Greece and Turkey. New alleles were found for Lap-1, Me-2, Pgm-c, Pgm-p and 6-Pgd-c. The average proportion of polymorphic loci per population was 0.19, with a range of 0 to 0.42 over populations. Germplasm from Chile was equally variable to that from Greece and Turkey on the basis of individual loci and in a multilocus sense, despite its post-Columbus introduction to the New World. Evidence was found from associations between allelic states at different loci of a complex multilocus structure of lentil populations. A single multilocus genotype represented 10.2% of all plants sampled. The rate of outcrossing varied from 2.2% and 2.9% in Turkish and Greek landraces to 6.6% among Chilean populations. Using the survey data, a random sampling strategy for core collection formation was compared with two stratified sampling methods. The advantage of stratified sampling over random sampling was only significant at P=0.28.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and linkage relationships of morphological and isozyme loci in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic linkage ; Isozyme markers ; Morphological markers ; Linkage conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inheritance and linkage relationships of several morphological and isozyme loci are described in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Segregation data obtained from several F2 families confirmed the previously observed mode of inheritance for most of the morphological loci. Additional morphological markers in chickpea are also described. Most of the isozyme loci studied showed codominant expression and fit expected Mendelian segregation ratios. However, distorted ratios were also observed for some loci. Linkage was found betweenPgd-c, the locus encoding the cytosolic form of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, andHg, the locus controlling plant growth habit. These 2 loci were separated by approximately 18 recombinational map units. A similar linkage between comparable loci was previously reported in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Weeden and Wolko 1990). Linkage was also detected among 3 isozyme loci; the cytosolic form of phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-c), glucose-1-phosphate transferase (Gpt1), and the plastid specific form of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd-p). The linkage of 2 loci (Pgm-c andPgd-p) in this cluster is also conserved in pea and lentil (Lens Miller). The linkage between an acid phosphatase locus (Acp3) and the locus specifying the cytosolic form of glucosephosphate isomerase (Gpi-c) in chickpea suggested another linkage group in common with pea. Additionally, other linkages that were not previously observed in chickpea or related genera included the linkage of the cytosolic form of aconitase (Aco-c) with adenylate kinase (Adk1) and fructokinase (Fk3), and the linkage of a locus encoding the mitochondrial specific aconitase (Aco-m) with a seed protein locus (Spr1). The loci determining flower color (P), epicotyl color (Gst), seed coat color (T 3), and seed surface (Rs) were associated with the locus encoding glucose-1-phosphate transferase (Gpt2). These results, along with previous studies, suggest that pea, lentil and chickpea have several common linkage groups consisting of homologous genes. This also indicates that linkages found in one genus can be used to predict similar linkages in related genera in the development of linkage maps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms are useful for finding markers associated with disease resistance gene clusters (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Microsatellite ; Disease resistance ; Mapping ; Sequence-directed approach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We describe a simple and new approach, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), for finding markers linked to clusters of disease resistance genes. In this approach, simple sequence repeats (SSR) are used directly in PCR reactions, and markers found to be linked to disease resistance genes provide important information for the selection of other sequences which can be used with PCR to find other linked markers. Based on an ISSR marker linked to a gene of interest, many new markers can be identified in the same region. We previously demonstrated that ISSR markers are useful in gene tagging and identified a marker, UBC-855500, linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4 in chickpea. This ISSR marker provided the information used in the present study for selecting other primers which amplified a region linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4. The primers were based on homology with the (AC)n sequence and were used for PCR amplifications. Changes in the sequence were at the anchor region of the primers. The repeat (AC)8T amplified a marker, UBC-8251200, which was located 5.0 cM from the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4 and was closer than other markers. These results indicated that ISSR markers can provide important information for the design of other primers and that by making changes at the 3′ and 5′ anchors close linkage to the desired gene can be found. The approach allows rapid scanning of the targeted region and may provide important information for genome analysis of plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050925
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of inter-simple-sequence-repeat polymorphisms and linkage with a fusarium wilt resistance gene in chickpea (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 348-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Microsatellite ; PCR ; Disease-resistance ; Mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The inheritance of an inter-simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) polymorphism was studied in a cross of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and a closely related wild species (C. reticulatum Lad.) using primers that anneal to a simple repeat of various lengths, sequences and non-repetitive motifs. Dinucleotides were the majority of those tested, and provided all of the useful banding patterns. The ISSR loci showed virtually complete agreement with expected Mendelian ratios. Twenty two primers were used for analysis and yielded a total of 31 segregating loci. Primers based on (GA)n repeats were the most abundant while primers with a (TG)n repeat gave the largest number of polymorphic loci. Nucleotides at the 5′ and 3′ end of the primers played an important role in detecting polymorphism. All the markers showed dominance. We found an ISSR marker linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4. The marker concerned, UBC-855500, was found to be linked in repulsion with the fusarium wilt resistance gene at a distance of 5.2 cM. It co-segregated with CS-27700, a RAPD marker previously shown to be linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 1, and was mapped to linkage group 6 of the Cicer genome. This indicated that genes for resistance to fusarium wilt races 1 and 4 are closely linked. The marker UBC-855500 is located 0.6 cM from CS-27700 and is present on the same side of the wilt resistance gene. To our knowledge this is the first report of the utility of an ISSR marker in gene tagging. These markers may provide valuable information for the development of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) at a desired locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050747
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A linkage map of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genome based on recombinant inbred lines from a C. arietinum×C. reticulatum cross: localization of resistance genes for fusarium wilt races 4 and 5 (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 1155-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chickpea ; Genetic map ; Molecular markers ; Fusarium wilt ; Disease resistance genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An integrated molecular marker map of the chickpea genome was established using 130 recombinant inbred lines from a wide cross between a cultivar resistant to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyd. &. Hans f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) Snyd & Hans, and an accession of Cicer reticulatum (PI 489777), the wild progenitor of chickpea. A total of 354 markers were mapped on the RILs including 118 STMSs, 96 DAFs, 70 AFLPs, 37 ISSRs, 17 RAPDs, eight isozymes, three cDNAs, two SCARs and three loci that confer resistance against different races of fusarium wilt. At a LOD-score of 4.0, 303 markers cover 2077.9 cM in eight large and eight small linkage groups at an average distance of 6.8 cM between markers. Fifty one markers (14.4%) were unlinked. A clustering of markers in central regions of linkage groups was observed. Markers of the same class, except for ISSR and RAPD markers, tended to generate subclusters. Also, genes for resistance to races 4 and 5 of fusarium wilt map to the same linkage group that includes an STMS and a SCAR marker previously shown to be linked to fusarium wilt race 1, indicating a clustering of several fusarium-wilt resistance genes around this locus. Significant deviation from the expected 1 : 1 segregation ratio was observed for 136 markers (38.4%, P〈0.05). Segregation was biased towards the wild progenitor in 68% of the cases. Segregation distortion was similar for all marker types except for ISSRs that showed only 28.5% aberrant segregation. The map is the most extended genetic map of chickpea currently available. It may serve as a basis for marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of fusarium wilt resistance genes and other agronomically important genes in future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051592
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