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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (546)
  • Physics  (517)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (362)
  • 1980-1984  (1.425)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (1.425)
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  • 1980-1984  (1.425)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of polyethylenimine backbone polynucleotide models (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2123-2138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Nucleic acid analogs with a PEI backbone and uracil- and thymine-containing pendants and their monomer and dimer models have been synthesized and characterized by means of 360-MHz 1H-NMR as well as 90- and 20-MHz 13C-NMR. 13C-NMR was particularly useful in characterizing the primary structures of the polymers. While data from the monomer and dimer models can be assumed transferable to the polymers, some unique features of the 1H and 13C spectra of the polymers compared to the model compounds, give insight to the polymer structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200816
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between polymer solution fluidity and concentration. I. Empirical equations establishedAuthor proofs received May 24, 1982 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2169-2179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: From a great deal of experimental data we obtained an empirical equation for polymer solution fluidity and concentration: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{\eta _{{\rm sp}} }}{{c\eta _r }} = [\eta ] - K_c [\eta ]\frac{{\eta _{{\rm sp}} }}{{\eta _r }} $\end{document} This equation is more linear than conventional equations that relate polymer solution viscosity and concentration. The equation of the initial concentration parameter γ is applicable over a wider concentration range: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{\eta _{{\rm sp}} }}{{c\eta _r }} = [\eta ] - K_c ^{\prime \prime \prime } [\eta ]\frac{{\eta _{{\rm sp}} }}{{\eta _r^\gamma }} $\end{document}
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200820
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Functional polymers. XIII.For Part XII see ref. 1. Synthesis and polymerization of 2(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-vinyl-2H-benzotriazoleDedicated to Prof. Vivian T. Stannett on the occasion of his 65th birthday, with warmest personal wishes. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2215-2230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of 2(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-vinyl-2H-benzotriazole was accomplished in seven steps starting from 4-ethylaniline. Acetylation and nitration followed by hydrolysis gave 2-nitro-4-cthylaniline which was diazotized, condensed with p-cresol, and reduced to 2(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-ethyl-2H-benzotriazole. As in previous cases, the ethyl group was transformed to the vinyl compound by bromination with N-bromosuccinimide and dehydrobromination of the 1-bromoethyl compound. Monomer grade 2(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-vinyl-2H-benzotriazole was polymerized and copolymerized with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and n-butyl acrylate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200824
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) with electrogenerated superoxide anion (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2259-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (FVC) with electrogenerated superoxide anion was carried out in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF), mostly at 40°C, under a nitrogen stream. The results obtained were compared with those in an earlier article,1 in which the use of potassium superoxide was described. Reaction of PVC with electrogenerated superoxide anion took place easily and the yield and molecular weight of the recovered polymer decreased appreciably. Functional groups formed in PVC treated with electrogenerated superoxide anion were similar to those in PVC treated with potassium superoxide; that is, hydroxy (ca. 3400 cm-1), conjugated carbonyl groups (ca. 1675 cm-1), and polyene structures (ca. 1600 cm-1) were observed. In addition, a new peak, probably due to nonconjugated aldehyde groups, was observed at 1725 cm-1. Ultraviolet (UV) spectra of PVC treated with electrogenerated superoxide anion showed that the polyene sequences formed in the polymer were shorter than octaene and that the octaene and that the octaene was formed only in the reaction at 60°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200828
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of polymers by pyrolysis/chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1765-1774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two addition-type polymers, polystyrene and polypropylene, and two condensation-type polymers, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Mylar) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon-6,6), were pyrolyzed directly in the ion source of a mass spectrometer by chemical ionization (CI) to reduce fragmentation. The spectra are relatively easy to interpret because most ion peaks occur at a mass corresponding to the ion formula M±H or M + 3H, where M is the formula of a fragment of the original polymer chain. Oligomer peaks were observed for the addition-type polymers. The intensities of the protonated dimer and monomer were measured as a function of time for styrene (S) and propylene (P). It was found that essentially all the HS+2 was produced by the reaction of HS+ with S, but at least part of the HP+2 was formed by proton transfer to P2. The absence of the analogous reaction in styrene is presumably a result of the reduced volatility of S2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200709
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An ESCA study of the surface ozonation of polystyrene film (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1797-1805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polystyrene film was treated with 0.27 mol % ozone in oxygen at room temperature. Changes in the surface were monitored by ESCA. Reaction occurred uniformly in at least the outermost 60 Å of the film. Reaction was rapid, giving a surface composition that corresponded to C1.8O after about 8 h, with no apparent yellowing or embrittlement of the polymer. Ether, ketone, and carboxyl groups were formed at uniform, but not equal, rates in the outer 60 Å of the polymer. With short reaction times the less highly oxidized groups were the main oxidation product, but after about 4 h the highly oxidized groups predominated. The aromatic rings underwent reaction as indicated by the rapid disappearance of the C1s shake-up satellites on ozonation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200713
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pressure on the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1847-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of pressure on the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied. The Instron capillary rheometer was adapted as a high-pressure/high-temperature dilatometer to carry on experiments up to 40,000 psi. Isothermal measurements of PET melt density were made with a precision of ±0.5%. Analysis of the kinetics of crystallization of PET melt at high pressures reaffirmed the existence of low Avrami exponents and their noninteger values. To rationalize the crystallization mechanism with the observed low exponents it is proposed that an appropriate increase in pressure would effectively reduce the free volume of a crystallizable substance to a point at which an alteration of the crystallization mechanism or nucleation mode could occur. It is further shown that PET clearly exhibits two different and sharply defined stages of crystallization behavior at pressures above 10,000 psi. Based on the Avrami equation, the fraction of uncrystallized polymer for the initial stage is defined as an empirically determined function of time and pressure. There is good agreement between the predicted and experimental values over the pressure range investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200717
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of corrosion-inhibiting polythioesters (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1899-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Binary condensation copolymers of five monomers known to be corrosion inhibitors were synthesized by solution polymerization. The copolymers synthesized were poly(1,2-ethanedithiol-thiodiglycolate), poly(1,3-propanedithiol-3,3′-thiodipropionate), poly(1,2-ethanedithiol-3,3′-thiodipropionate), and poly(2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3,3′-thiodipropionate). Yields ranged from 77 to 89% and molecular weights from 10,100 to 24,300. Attempts to produce the condensation copolymers of thiodiglycolic acid chloride and 1,3-propanedithiol or 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole failed, yielding only telomeric products. The copolymers that were synthesized demonstrated significant corrosion-inhibitory properties on steel samples in salt water.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200721
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and properties of poly(imide-sulfonate)s (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1107-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polycondensations of N,N′-bis(hydroxyalkyl)pyromellitic diimides, N,N′-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-pyromellitic diimides, N,N′-bis(hydroxyalkyl)-3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic diimides and N,N′-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-3,3′-4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic diimides with aromatic disulfonyl chlorides were carried out in pyridine to produce poly(imide-sulfonate)s. The resulting polymers had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.25-0.38 dL/g. These poly(imide-sulfonate)s were insoluble in common organic solvents and had relatively good thermal stability. The TGA data showed 10% weight losses at 253-365°C and residual weights at 500°C were 22-72% in nitrogen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200418
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redox-initiated graft copolymerization onto modified wool (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1143-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200422
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal degradation study of isotactic polypropylene using factor-jump thermogravimetry (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1169-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The degradation of isotactic polypropylene in the range 390-465°C was studied using factor-jump thermogravimetry. The degradations were carried out in vacuum and at pressures of 5 and 800 mm Hg of N2, flowing at 100-400 standard mL/s. At 800 mm Hg this corresponds to linear rates of 1-4 mm/s. In vacuum bubbling in the sample caused problems in measuring the rate of weight loss. The apparent activation energy was estimated as 61.5 ± 0.8 kcal/mol (257 ± 3 kJ/mol). In slowly flowing N2 at 800 mm Hg pressure the activation energy was 55.1 ± 0.2 kcal/mol (230 ± 0.8 kJ/mol) for isotactic polypropylene and 51.1 ± 0.5 kcal/mol (214 ± 2 kJ/mol) for a naturally aged sample of atactic polypropylene. For isotactic polypropylene degrading at an external N2 pressure of 5 mm Hg the apparent activation energy was 55.9 ± 0.3 kcal/mol (234 ± 1 kJ/mol). A simplified degradation mechanism was used with estimates of the activation energies of initiation and termination to give an estimate of 29.6 kcal/mol for the ß-scission of tertiary radicals on the polypropylene backbone. Initiation was considered to be backbone scission ß to allyl groups formed in the termination reaction. For initiation by random scission of the polymer backbone, as in the early stages of thermal degradation, an overall activation energy of 72 kcal/mol is proposed. The difference between vacuum and in-N2 activation energies is ascribed to the latent heat contributions of molecules which do not evaporate as soon as they are formed. At these imposed rates of weight loss the average molecular weights of the volatiles in vacuum and in 8 and 800 mm Hg N2 are in the ratios 1-1/2-1/9.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200502
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The reduced equation of state and related properties of molten high polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1247-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The significant-structure theory of liquids has been applied to molten amorphous polymers. Expressions of reduced states for these systems are derived for the equation of state and thermodynamic properties such as expansion coefficient, compressibility, internal pressure, and cohesive energy density, and the surface tension. The calculated values are in good agreement with experimental results in comparison with those from other models. In particular, our model predicts the corresponding dependence of the internal pressure better than other models.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200508
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of epoxide resins formation from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1231-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The kinetics of formation of epoxide resins based on epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A via synthesis with one- or two-step addition of alkali are considered. The kinetics of the reaction were studied by taking into account the consumption of the alkali added and the change of molecular mass and epoxide value of epoxide oligomers. The results obtained are satisfactorily explained within the framework of a model containing the following postulates: all the alkali is bound as phenolate ions; all phenolic groups are of equal reactivity; the reactivity of epichlorohydrin is higher than that of glycidyl ethers; the stage of dehydrochlorination of chlorohydrin ethers in the synthesis with one-step addition of alkali is rapid and does not limit the process; the first stage of the two-step synthesis is the formation of chlorohydrin ethers and the second stage their consumption. The factors leading to differences between the experimentally obtained parameters of the resulting epoxide resins (molecular weight, epoxide value) and their calculated values are discussed. The synthesis of epoxide resins with two-step alkali addition is shown to possess certain advantages over the one-step process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200507
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palladium-doped polyimides: An X-ray photoelectron study (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1287-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Five polyimide films prepared from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid'dianhydride (BTDA) and diamines, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone (DABP), or 3,3′-diaminodiphenylcarbinol (DADPC) and doped with Li2PdCl4 (LTP) or Pd[(CH3)2S]2Cl2 (PDS) were selected for a detailed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) study to determine the oxidation state of palladium and the relative distribution of this and other elements in these films, especially as they relate to electrical resistivity. XPS shows that Pd in the films is present as a mixture of zero and +2 valence states. Films that contain lithium as part of the dopant all show that metal is present as Li+ and Li2O, a fact that may have a bearing on film electrical properties. An Auger electron spectroscopic (AES) or XPS profiling was performed on two of the electrically conductive films. A film doped with PDS reveals a majority of palladium at the surface as Pd(0) and much smaller amounts in film bulk as a mixture of Pd(0) and Pd(II). Film behavior is similar to a metal-vapor deposited film. An LTP doped film, by contrast, exhibits a homogeneous composition with a mixture of Pd(0) and Pd(II). These studies support others that use chemical etching on the film surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to provide surface evaluations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200512
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion-controlled vinyl polymerization. IV. Comparison of theory and experiment (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1345-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Bulk polymerization data of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and styrene were compared with the predictions of the theory proposed in the earlier parts of this series (I-III). This theory of polymerization kinetics uses the concepts of free volume and chain entanglements to describe the relationship between chain mobility and chain length dependent termination reactions. Excellent agreement was found between the predictions of the theory and the polymerization rate and molecular weight data of the six polymerization systems studied. Emphasis was placed on the ability to explain the development of higher order molecular weight averages (M̄w, M̄z, etc.) because they provide the most crucial tests for such a model. No changes were required in the model as it was applied to the different polymerization systems for a variety of reaction conditions. The theory offers a unified understanding of the diverse polymerization behavior displayed by such systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200516
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spontaneous copolymerization of 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes with maleic anhydride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1401-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The copolymerization of methylenedioxolanes, such as 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (I) and 2,2-dimethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (II), with maleic anhydride (Manh) gives rise spontaneously to the alternating copolymers by the participation of charge-transfer (CT) complexes. The formation of CT complexes I-Manh and II-Manh was ascertained by UV and NMR spectroscopies. The equilibrium constants (K) could not be determined but were assumed to be small (K ≪ 1). For comparison with these systems an investigation of I-dimethyl maleate (DMM) and II-DMM systems was carried out to estimate K values 0.115 and 0.157 L/mol, respectively. To clarify the copolymerization mechanism I-Manh-acryronitrile was terpolymerized. Consequently it was concluded that the spontaneous copolymerization of I-Manh and II-Manh systems is effected by the CT complex monomer mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200603
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanisms of pyrolysis for a specifically labeled deuterated urethane (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1457-1467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The pyrolysis products of a model urethane prepared from trimethylolpropane (TMP) propoxylated with 3, 3, 3-d3-propylene oxide and PAPI have been extensively studied by gas chromatography in conjunction with electron-impact, chemical-ionization, and field-ionization mass spectrometry. The isotope distributions for some of the lower-molecular-weight species (determined by electron-impact and/or field-ionization mass spectrometry) showed a greater amount of H/D mixing than was expected from previously postulated concerted mechanisms. The deuterium distributions of the higher-molecular-weight TMP species were, in general, consistent with previously described mechanisms. The results from this study support the proposal that pyrolytic degradation of urethanes occurs mainly by a systematic sequence of concerted reactions. However, the deuterium distributions in some compounds indicate that free-radical reactions are important in the formation of some pyrolyzates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200608
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of azido-polymers of butadiene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1505-1516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Iodine azide adds to cyclohexene in acetonitrile or 4:1 methylene chloride/acetonitrile to give trans-1-azido-2-iodocyclohexane. In methylene chloride this reaction gives a mixture of the cis-and trans-iodoazides owing to competing radical addition. Iodine azide adds to 1-hexene in acetonitrile by an ionic mechanism to give a 3:1 mixture of the 2-azido-1-azido- and 1-azido-2-iodohexanes. Dehydroiodination of the model iodoazides proceeds smoothly with potassium t-butoxide in diethyl ether or THF in the presence of 5 mol % 18-crown-6 at room temperature, giving in the previous example a mixture of 2-azido- and trans-1-azidohexenes. Polybutadiene, carboxyterminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene), and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene gave iodoazide derivatives with up to 96% of the theoretical maximum nitrogen content and strong azide IR absorption. High azidoiodination gave polymer with N3/I ratios slightly higher than unity while low percent azidoiodination led to polymer with N3/I ratios of as low as 2:3. All of the nitrogen introduced was in the form of azide function. Dehydroiodination gave polymers with vinyl azide functionality and caused loss of some of the azide groups. All the azidoiodinated polymers decomposed between 120 and 160°C. The dehydroiodinated materials were less stable, decomposing between 100 and 150°C. The temperature of initial decomposition decreased as azide content increased. Polymers with 〉55-60% of the theoretical maximum azide content were shock sensitive.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200612
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  • 119
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    Digitale Medien
    Solvent effects on the synthesis of ion-exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft polymerization of methyl α,β,β-trifluoroacrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1559-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Methyl α,β,β-trifluoroacrylate (MTFA) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) film and fluorine-containing films to make ion-exchange membranes. In the case of PE the grafting yield was not influenced by the presence of trifluorotrichloroethane (Freon 113) in the reaction mixture, while the presence of methanol decreased the grafting yield. The transversal distribution of graft chains in the film observed by electron-probe x-ray microanalysis showed that when the grafting was carried out in the presence of Freon the amount of graft chains in the central part of PE film was much larger than that at the film surface and that the grafts obtained in the absence of Freon were located mainly at the film surface. The electric resistance of the graft PE film obtained in the presence of Freon decreased more than that of the one obtained in the absence of Freon. The weight loss of the graft films in H2O2 solution was negligibly small.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200616
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigations of stabilizing additives. I. A model system for studying radical scavenging activity in solution (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1599-1608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In the current study an electron spin resonance model system was developed to compare the thermal stability and radical scavenging activity of stabilizers in solution. High-resolution spectra and the influence of molecular structure on radical stability provided a basis for the interpretation of spin concentration data in the model system. A correlation was established between the radical scavenging activity measured in the model system and actual behavior in irradiated polypropylene formulations measured by radiation-induced degradation of mechanical properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200620
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonionic polymer surfactants (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1649-1649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200625
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of cyclohexene oxide with Al(acac)3-silanol catalyst (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1652-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200627
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  • 123
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    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of aromatic polymers (benzenoid and heterocyclic) by cross-polarization, magic-angle 13C-NMR spectroscopy (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1697-1707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The cross-polarization, magic-angle 13C-NMR spectra of solid samples of poly(p-phenylene), its nitro derivative, polymerized biphenyl, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(1-methyl-2,5-pyrrolylene), poly(1-phenyl-2,5-pyrrolylene), poly(2,5-thienylene), and poly(2,5-selenienylene) and the high-resolution 13C-NMR spectrum of poly(m-phenylene) in solution are presented and assigned. In all cases the chemical shifts are similar to those of model compounds in solution. In most instances the resonances of the nonprotonated carbon atoms in the solid polymers are more intense than those of the protonated carbons and appear to depend on the charge distribution in the molecular orbitals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200704
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of Alfrey-Price Q-e Values from 13C-NMR Data (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1745-1764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A multiple-correlation analysis program was used to generate equations relating the Alfrey-Price Q and e values of vinyl monomers to the 13C-NMR absorption frequencies of the α- and β-carbon atoms of the monomers. Separate equations for the calculation of Q and e values of styrenes, chlorinated olefins, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl ethers, and esters, nitrogen containing monomers, allyl compounds, and miscellaneous olefins were developed. The correlation coefficients of most of these equations were greater than 0.99 and permit accurate calculation of the Q and e values. The Q and e values so calculated may then be used to obtain estimates of the reactivity ratios in copolymerizations prior to actually performing the experiments. Attempts to develop a single Q value equation and a single e value equation for 63 vinyl monomers of the above classes resulted in relations having correlation coefficients of 0.63 and 0.81, respectively, too low to permit sufficiently accurate calculation of the Q and e values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200708
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unusual swelling behavior of films of polyvinyl- and polyvinylidene/fluorides in various solvents (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1791-1796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The swelling of PVF and PVDF films in various solvents was investigated. It was found that in the swollen state both polymers show little tendency to retain the solvent that leaks out under a mild pressure and evaporates quickly when the specimen is exposed to air. The equilibrium swelling ratios were measured in numerous solvents. From the results it is concluded that the solubility parameters are δPVDF = 12.0-12.3, δPVF = 12.0-12.1. The unusual swelling behavior is explained by strong polymer-polymer interactions via dipoles which tend to replace polymer-solvent interactions once the sample is withdrawn from the solvent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200712
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copolymerization of 3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran with cyclic ethers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2033-2041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The copolymerization of 3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran with selected cyclic ethers was studied. Although 3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran did not homopolymerize, it readily copolymerized with propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin in an alternating fashion using the cationic initiator PF5. The reactivity ratios r1 and r2 for the copolymerization of 3, 4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran and epichlorohydrin were r1 = 0.22 ± 0.05 and r2 = 0.11 ± 0.01, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200806
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of thermal degradation of polyurethane based on MDI and propoxylated trimethylol propane (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2063-2071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The various pathways of degradation of polyurethane based on MDI and propoxylated trimethylol propane were studied from the analysis of degradation gases sampled at various temperatures during the heating rise. From the beginning of degradation (250°C) to 400°C, we suggest that the main mechanism is the fracture of the polyurethane molecule into primary amine, carbon dioxide, and propenyl ether, the last leading to propene. Beyond this temperature, the mechanism may be reduced to a depolymerization process followed by radical breakdown of the polyol chain and by stripping and rearrangement of simple radicals, all of these giving the gaseous species obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200809
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  • 128
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    Digitale Medien
    Photopolymerization initiated by charge transfer complex. II. Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate with the use of γ-picoline-bromine charge transfer complex as photoinitiator (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2097-2103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polymerization of MMA was carried out in the presence of visible light (440 nm) with the use of γ-picoline-bromine charge transfer complex as the initiator. The rate of polymerization Rp increases with increasing monomer concentration and the monomer exponent was computed to be unity. The rate of polymerization increases with increasing initiator concentration. The initiator exponent was computed to be 0.5. The reaction was carried out at three different temperatures and the overall activation energy was calculated to be 4.5 kcal/mol. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone. Kinetic and other evidence indicates that the overall polymerization takes place by a radical mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200813
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  • 129
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    Digitale Medien
    Vinyl polymerization. 410. Polymerizations of vinyl monomers initiated by poly(styrene-co-sodium acrylate) or poly(methyl methacrylate-co-sodium methacrylate). A verification of the concept of hard and soft hydrophobic areas and monomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2089-2096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It was found that the copolymers of sodium acrylate (AA-Na) with styrene (St) and of sodium methacrylate (MAA-Na) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) could polymerize vinyl monomers in an aqueous phase without the usual initiator. Interestingly, there was a definite composition of the copolymer for the polymerization of a given monomer; for example, when poly(St-co-AA-Na) was used, St, MMA, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile were polymerized by the copolymer having mole ratios of AA-Na:St of 0.61:0.29, 0.47:0.53, 0.38:0.62, 0.30:0.70, 0.24:0.76, and 1.00:0, respectively. The copolymers of various compositions can form hydrophobic areas (HAs) in the water phase. As has been repeatedly reported, the polymerization proceeds in the HAs, and the following new hypothesis was recently proposed that the hard (the less hydrophilic) HA prefers to incorporate the hard monomer and the soft (the less hydrophobic or the more hydrophilic) HA prefers to incorporate the soft monomer. The results mentioned above support this hypothesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200812
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pyrolysis of polyacetylene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2159-2167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermal degradation of polyacetylene has been studied by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PGC-MS). The most abundant product is benzene, but significant quantities of other products are also produced. In decreasing order of yield, these are methane, ethylene, propylene, ethane, butadiene, toluene, and xylenes. A simple mechanism capable of accounting for most of the observed products is random chain scission followed by electron-proton exchanges and in some cases ring closure. The total material balance between proton-rich and proton-depleted products is within 10%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200819
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization ability of cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-2-pentenal with ionic and free radical initiators. Cyclopolymerization of the cis isomer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2195-2204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The behavior of the readily available cis- (1) and trans- (2) 4, 5-epoxy-2-pentenals toward classical cationic, anionic, and free radical initiators has been examined. Only the cationic polymerization of 1 gave soluble polymer of moderate molecular weights. This polymer possessed predominantly the cyclopolymerized furanose structure 12. Cationic initiation of 2 and anionic initiation of both 1 and 2 gave only crosslinked materials, and free radical initiators with 1 and 2 gave no polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200822
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  • 132
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    Digitale Medien
    Tribo- and photopolymerization of 9-ethyl-3-vinylcarbazole crystals (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2239-2247 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Crystals of 9-ethyl-3-vinylcarbazole(I) were easily polymerized to high polymer under mechanical shear stress and photoirradiation without initiator. The degree of polymerization was higher for tribo- than for photopolymerization. It was concluded that the mechanism of polymerization was cationic for both polymerizations on the basis of additive effects. The polymerization behavior depended on the recrystallizing solvents. Ethanol crystals are less sensitive to tribo- and photo-polymerization than those of n-hexane or benzene. X-ray diffraction patterns of I also differed, depending on the recrystallizing solvents. The reactive crystals were in a high energy state, as revealed by DSC analysis. Similarities of photo- and tribopolymerization and comparative studies of tribopolymerization with triboluminescence of I indicated that polymerizations are likely to be induced by an identical reactive intermediate tentatively considered as a zwitterionic species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200826
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  • 133
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    Digitale Medien
    The degradation and stabilization of polyacrylonitrile. I. Evidence for β-ketonitrile defect structures as initiators of degradation (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2249-2258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The theory that β-ketonitrile structures initiate discoloration reactions in polyacrylonitrile has been tested by a number of methods. Using radiochemical techniques the numbers of carbonyl groups in various polymers have been measured as have the amounts of combined water. A model β-keto compound, 1,3,7,-tricyanoheptan-4-one was synthesized and its reactions studied. None of these experiments supported the idea that β-ketonitrile structures are of primary importance in initiating the degradation of polyacrylonitrile.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200827
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  • 134
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of quaternized poly(4-vinyl pyridine) on the cleavage of threonine catalyzed by pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2335-2339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) quaternized with ethyl bromide (C2PVP) on the cleavage of threonine catalyzed by pyridoxal (PL) of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) with metal ion was investigated. When PLP was used with Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, or VO2+C2+PVP showed marked stimulation, whereas the stimulation was small when PL was used with each of these metal ions. The stimulation by C2PVP was reduced in the presence of 0.1M KCI. To account for this stimulation we suggested the contribution of the electrostatic interaction between C2PVP and phosphate moiety of PLP. The introduction of hydrophobicity into the polymer by quaternizing partially with dodecyl bromide did not improve the stimulation. With Co2+ or Zn2+, or without multivalent cation, a similar effect of C2PVP on the catalysis of threonine cleavage by PLP was shown, although the reaction rate was low, but with Ni2+ C2PVP did not affect the reaction catalyzed by PL or PLP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200834
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  • 135
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of additives on dye-sensitized (photo) polymerization of ethyl acrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2349-2350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200837
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  • 136
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    Digitale Medien
    γ-Radiation-produced supported metal complex catalysts. 3For parts 1 and 2, see refs. 1 and 2.. Phosphinated polypropylene supports (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2395-2408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: p-Styryldiphenylphosphine was grafted onto polypropylene by γ-radiation. However, olefinic phosphines in general do not readily undergo such grafting. Among the many other olefinic phosphines examined only 1-(4-diphenylphosphinophenyl)-prop-1-ene and vinyldiphenylphosphine were grafted successfully and both had low grafting yields. The optimum conditions for grafting involve low dose rates and high total doses of γ-radiation in dimethylsulfoxide as solvent. This grafting is sensitive to impurities and inhomogeneity in the product readily results, especially at high grafting yields. Oxygen must be rigorously excluded if oxidation of grafted phosphorus(III) to phosphorus (V) is to be avoided. Phosphine oxides can be reduced to phosphines when grafted to the polymer with trichlorosilane. Mass spectrometry has shown that more than one olefinic phosphine binds to a single site in the polymer. Solid-state, high-resolution 31P-NMR is a valuable technique for characterizing the grafted polymer. The preparation and characterization of the following hitherto unreported phosphines is described: In addition, the precursor halides none of which has been reported, were prepared and characterized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200904
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  • 137
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    Digitale Medien
    The action of a benzotriazole light stabilizer in wool. I. A diffuse reflectance analysis of UV screening (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2417-2427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A procedure based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was developed to determine the UV screening effect of a benzotriazole light stabilizer in wool fabric. Expressions that enable the protective effect of the stabilizer to be calculated directly from reflectance data were derived. The dependence of the screening effect on additive concentration was deduced from measurements of fabric reflectivity in the wavelength range of 300-400 nm. Two reflectometers with quite different optical geometries were used to measure the reflectance spectra and the merits of the two systems are discussed. A theoretical expression for the optical screening phenomenon in highly scattering materials was evaluated for substrates of different reflectivity and the general implications of this relationship are considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200906
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  • 138
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    Digitale Medien
    Magnesium-chloride-supported high-mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization. III. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2461-2476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to study a MgCl2-supported, high-mileage olefin polymerization catalyst. Anhydrous Toho MgCl2 was the starting material. Treatment with HCl at an elevated temperature, ethyl benzoate by ball-milling, p-cresol, AlEt3, and TiCl4produced a catalyst that contained a single EPR observable Ti+3 species A, which was strongly attached to the catalyst surface, had a D3h symmetry, and no other Ti+3 ion in an immediately adjacent site. Species A constitutes only 20% of all the trivalent titaniums; the remainder is EPR-silent and may be attributed to those Ti+3 ions that have adjacent sites occupied by one or more Ti+3 ions. Activation with preformed AlEt3/methyl-p-toluate complexes produced a single Ti+3 species (C) with rhombic symmetry and displaying 27Al superhyperfin splitting which has attributes for a stereospecific active site. This species is unstable under polymerization conditions and is transformed to another species with axial symmetry and solubilization. Both processes could lead to catalyst deactivation and loss of stereospecificity. Catalysts activated by AlEt3 and methyl-p-toluate separately in various sequential orders produced a multitude of EPR-observable Ti+3 species with varying degrees of motional freedom deemed detrimental to stereospecific polymerization of α-olefins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200909
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  • 139
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    Digitale Medien
    Stereocontrol in the cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2529-2543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The dependence of the steric microstructure of cationically polymerized poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) upon catalyst, polymerization temperature, and polymerization solvent has been investigated. The effect of polymerization temperature variation was found to be small, whereas the choice of catalyst and polymerization solvent was found to have a strong influence upon the PVK steric microstructure. A correlation was found between the syndiotacticities Xs and the π* solvent polarities of the polymerization solvents for a given catalyst. A decrease in Xs with increasing π* solvent polarity was observed using BF3OEt2 and AlEt2Cl catalysts and has been interpreted in terms of propagation via contact ion-pair ring structures reversibly formed between the active end group and a preceding repeating unit. The increase in Xs with increasing π* solvent polarity observed with several of the catalysts investigated has been interpreted in terms of chain ion pairs whose separation increases with increasing π* solvent polarity. The influence of the various Lewis acid catalysts upon the steric microstructures of cationically polymerized PVK allowed the following order of nucleophilicity to be established: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm TiCl}_{\rm 4} 〉 {\rm SnCl}_{\rm 4} 〉 {\rm AlEt}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl} 〉 {\rm BF}_{\rm 3} {\rm OEt}_{\rm 2} 〉 {\rm ZnCl}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document}
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200913
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  • 140
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    Digitale Medien
    Reaction rate of crosslinkings by using metallated polymer. I. Grafting and intramolecular crosslinkings at the first stage (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2545-2553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Lithium-metallated styrene-p-benzylstyrene copolymer was reacted with chlorine-terminated polystyrene as a crosslinker polymer in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C. The rate constant was estimated from the changes in the concentration of metallated polymer by using photometrical measurements. The various reaction conditions were chosen and it became clear that the rate constants of grafting (k1) and intramolecular crosslinkings (k2intra) were gotten separately at the first stage. As a result, k2intra showed larger values than k1 and decreased with increasing degree of polymerization of crosslinker polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200914
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  • 141
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    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of oriented monomers. VI. Polymerization of monomeric di(undecenyl) phosphate vesicles to stable polymeric vesicles (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2565-2573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of a novel vesicle-forming surfactant monomer, i.e., of di(undecenyl) phosphate is reported. Vesicles formed from this monomer were irradiated by γ rays for the production of polymeric vesicles. Polymerization was studied in conjunction with the model of the monomeric vesicles and the structure of the polymers was primarily studied with 1H-NMR spectra. It was further established that polymerized vesicles retain the structure of their monomeric counterparts while exhibiting higher stability than the unpolymerized vesicles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200916
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  • 142
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    Digitale Medien
    Studies of the polymerization of diallyl compounds. XXXVII. Copolymerizations of diallyl phthalate with dialkyl fumarates (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2611-2620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Diallyl phthalate (DAP) was copolymerized with dialkyl fumarates, including diethyl fumarate (DEF), di-n-butyl fumarate (DBF), and di-n-octyl fumarate (DOF) by using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator at 60°C. Both rate and degree of copolymerization were quite enhanced compared with the homopolymerization of DAP and the maximum rate was found at the molar ratio of 1:1 in the monomer feed. The cyclization of DAP was almost exclusively suppressed in the Copolymerization. Gelation was promoted from 25% of the gel-point conversion for the DAP homopolymerization to 9% of the minimum one observed. Copolymerizability of DAP (M1) with dialkyl fumarates (M2) was quite high, with the following monomer reactivity ratios M2, r1, r2: DEF, 0.01, 1.25; DBF, 0.02, 1.01; DOF, 0.02, 0.96. These results are discussed in mechanistic detail.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200919
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  • 143
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    Digitale Medien
    Radiation degradation of copolymers of methyl methacrylate and 3-oximino-2-butanone methacrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2661-2668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and 3-oximino-2-butanone methacrylate (OM) were investigated as deep-UV and e-beam resists. Their increased sensitivity relative to PMMA (up to 50 times) was correlated with the radiation chemical yields of the volatile products and main chain scissions. The degradation of these copolymers, activated by the 3-oximino-2-butanone entity, is discussed in terms of energy absorption mechanisms and the subsequent scission reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200924
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  • 144
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    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses and polymerizations of some N-fluorenyl acrylamide and methacrylamide (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2727-2730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200930
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  • 145
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    Digitale Medien
    Polyacetal formation of the monovinyl ether of tetraethylene glycol (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2731-2734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200931
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  • 146
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    Digitale Medien
    Thermal and pyrolysis studies of copolyestersPresented at the Indian Council of Chemists First Annual Conference, Agra, 1981. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2715-2725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Random copolyesters of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), ethylene glycol (EG), and butane-1,4-diol (BD) and the homopolyesters poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) have been subjected to degradation and pyrolysis studies. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed that the decomposition temperature is dependent on the percentage of EG and BD present in the copolyesters. Thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) also showed that the decomposition temperature is dependent on the percentage of EG and BD present in the copolyesters. The trend for the decomposition temperatures obtained from TVA studies for these copolyesters is similar to such other thermal properties as melting temperature Tm, ΔHf, ΔHc, etc. The subambient thermal volatilization analysis (SATVA) curves obtained for these polymers are also presented. The SATVA curve is the fingerprint of the total volatile products formed during the degradation in high vacuum. The isothermal pyrolysis of these materials was carried out in high vacuum at 450°C. The products formed were separated in a gas chromatograph and were subsequently identified in a mass spectrometer. The major pyrolysis products from PBT were butadiene and tetrahydrofuran, whereas those from PET were ethylene and acetaldehyde. The ratio of acetaldehyde to ethylene increases with the EG content in the copolyester, suggesting a different decomposition mechanism compared to the decomposition mechanism of PBT and PET.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200929
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  • 147
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    Digitale Medien
    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers). XVIII. Epoxy and aldehyde telechelic polyisobutylenes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2809-2817 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This article concerns the synthesis and characterization of new epoxy and aldehyde telechelic polyisobutylenes, that is, and . The synthesis of the epoxy derivative was achieved by quantitative epoxidation of α,ω-di(isobutenyl) polyisobutylene with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and that of the dialdehyde by quantitative isomerization of the epoxy termini with zinc bromide. Infrared (IR) and 1H-NMR analysis of these new telechelic polymers and ultraviolet (UV) analysis of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of the dialdehyde indicate quantitative conversions and yields, that is, essentially theoretical functionalization (Fn = 1.95 ± 0.05).
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201007
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  • 148
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    Digitale Medien
    On the interaction of triphenylmethyl salts with α-methylstyrene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2895-2902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The interaction of triphenylmethyl salts with α-methylstyrene and 1,1-diphenylethylene was investigated. With 1,1-diphenylethylene at a monomer-initiator ratio of 2 (room temperature), mainly 1,1,3-triphenyl-3-methyl-indane was isolated, whereas at a ratio of 100 (-10°C), the dimer 1,1,3,3-tetraphenylbutene-1 mainly formed. In both cases no addition of the trityl group was registered. In the interaction of α-methylstyrene with Ph3C+SbCl6- at a monomer-initiator ratio of 2(room temperature) a pure 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-phenylindane was isolated and no addition of the trityl group to the double bond was recorded. The initiation reaction of α-methylstyrene polymerization by trityl and chlorinated trityl salts was studied at temperatures from -20 to 0°C and different concentrations. The oligomers obtained with (pCI-C6H4)3C+ were investigated by elemental analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The presence of Ph3CH in the reaction mixture was demonstrated by GLC and NMR spectra. The results obtained give evidence that the initiation of α-methylstyrene polymerization involves hydride abstraction from the monomer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201015
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  • 149
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    Digitale Medien
    Structure and polydispersity of some poly(methyl methacrylates) prepared by different methods (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2903-2907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Poly(methyl methacrylate) has been prepared under various conditions of monomer, initiator, reaction medium, and temperature. All the 13C-NMR spectra for the polymers obtained were those to be expected for radically initiated poly(methyl methacrylates) of conventional, slightly syndiotactic-rich microstructures prepared at normal temperature. The spectra were found to be very similar to that for a radical poly(methyl methacrylate) first analyzed by Inoue et al.,8 and to those of poly(methyl methacrylates) prepared in earlier experiments of this general type. The ratios of isotactic (mm) to heterotactic (mr and rm) to syndiotactic (rr) triads were found to be close to 5:34:61. It can be concluded from the 13C-NMR spectra that the propagation steps in these polymerizations are of conventional radical type, and are uninfluenced from the steric point of view by nature of the polymerization medium by the presence of the various additives. The polydispersity for some poly(methyl methacrylate) samples determined by gel permeation chromatography was found here to vary rather widely and ranges between 1.9 and 7.9.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201016
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  • 150
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    Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic polyesters and polyamides from sebacyl bisketene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2979-2988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Sebacyl bisketene was generated in solution at -78°C. Copolymerization in solution at 0°C with the secondary diamines, piperazine and N,N′dimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, yielded the polyamides poly(1,4-piperazylsebacyl) and poly[(methylimino)hexamethylene(methylimino)sebacyl], respectively. The polyamides were obtained in yields of 50-90%. The former had a glass transition temperature (Tg) at 30°C and a melting temperature at 165°C, whereas the latter had only a Tg at -15°C. The polymers were insoluble in the usual polyamide solvents. Copolymerization with the diol bisphenol A yielded poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,4-phenyleneoxysebacyl). The polyester was obtained in yields up to 99%. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) determinations showed molecular weights up to 50,000 when acetone was the reaction solvent but only 12,000 when tetrahydrofuran (THF) was the reaction solvent; the Tg for the polyester varied with the molecular weight with a maximum at 15°C. Tensile properties were obtained for the polyesters with molecular weights greater than 35,000.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201022
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  • 151
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of polyphthalimidine from 5-amino-3-benzylidenephthalide (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2995-2997 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201024
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  • 152
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    Digitale Medien
    Comment on the role of vulcanization activators in the process of complex formation (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3005-3006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201026
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  • 153
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and investigation of novel nitropolyamides containing ether bonds in the monomer unit (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3007-3014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201027
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  • 154
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    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of styrene emulsion polymerization during interval II (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3031-3068 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A systematic study of the kinetics of styrene emulsion polymerization in the postnucleation stage by the way of seed particle growth of monodisperse latices was undertaken, in which the colloidally important parameters were varied: Rp was independent (within limits) of (a) ionic strength, (b) pH, (c) initiator concentration (potassium persulfate), and (d) surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) concentration; Rpp was independent (within limits) of (a) seed particle number concentration N, (b) oil:water phase ratio, and (c) monomer:polymer ratio; Rp was directly proportional to seed-particle surface area. The viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer formed during interval II, Mv(i-j), was approximately constant and increased linearly with N. Log Mv(i-j) was inversely proportional to reaction temperature; Mv(i-j) was inversely proportional to initiator concentration. The overall activation energy of polymerization E′p was equal to the activation energy of propagation Ep during interval II. The value of kp at 60°C was 615 dm3 mol-1 s-1. Trace of oxygen seems to affect the average number of radicals per particle ī during interval II polymerization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201102
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  • 155
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    Digitale Medien
    Copolymerization of unsaturated spiro ortho esters with maleic acid derivatives (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2935-2942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The formation of charge-transfer (CT) complexes of unsaturated spiro ortho esters such as 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.4]nonane(I) and 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane(II) with maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride (Manh), dimethyl maleate (DMM), and N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) was ascertained by ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometries of these complexes were estimated as 1:1. The determination of their equilibrium constants (K) was attempted by using the Hanna-Ashbough equation with NMR spectroscopy. Although K values for I-DMM and II-DMM were specified as 0.266 and 0.336 L/mol, respectively, those for the other systems could not be obtained but were assumed to be negligible small (K ≪ 1). Copolymerization of these systems which was carried out without an initiator determined that spontaneous copolymerization occurs in all cases but that the copolymerization rates of I-DMM and II-DMM systems are slow. The systems in which Manh or DMM was used as an acceptor monomer gave the alternating copolymers at various monomer to feed ratios. The terpolymerizaton of the I-Manh-DMM system established that DMM takes little part in giving the alternating copolymers I and Manh. Consequently, it was assumed that the reactivity of the CT complex monomer is dependent on the contribution of the dative structure to CT complex.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201019
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  • 156
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    Digitale Medien
    Novel synthesis of spacer-modified polymer supports and activity of phase-transfer catalysts derived from the polymer supports (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3015-3019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201028
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  • 157
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    Digitale Medien
    Polymers containing hydrogen bonding rings. Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(enamine-ketones) (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3079-3094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthetic route to poly(enamine-ketones) by vinylogous nucleophilic substitution of aromatic bis(1,3-diketones) with aromatic and aliphatic diamines is described. The preparation of aromatic bis(1,3-diketones), their polymerization, and thermal properties of the polymers are presented in detail. The polymers exhibited anisotropic melts and representative model compounds were shown to be thermotropic liquid crystals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201104
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  • 158
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    Digitale Medien
    Chemical release control - Schiff bases of perfume aldehydes and aminostyrenes (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3121-3129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Schiff bases of p- and m-aminostyrenes with perfume aldehydes such as citral, cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin were synthesized in ethanol in more than 50% yield. Water-soluble copolymers of these Schiff bases with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or with N,N-dimethylacrylamide were obtained. The hydrolytic behavior of Schiff base monomers and copolymers to liberate perfume aldehydes was structure dependent, thereby affording chemical release control.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201108
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  • 159
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    Digitale Medien
    Reaction rate of crosslinkings by using a metallated polymer. III. Solvent effects on rate constants of grafting and intramolecular crosslinking reactions. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3199-3205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Lithium-metallated (styrene-p-benzylstyrene)copolymer was reacted with chlorine-terminated polystyrene as a crosslinker polymer in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-n-hexane at 25°C in the presence of lithium chloride(LiCl). The rate constants were estimated from the changes in the concentration of metallated polymer by photometrical measurements. As a result, the rate constant of grafting (k1) showed a constant value in spite of a change in molecular weight of the crosslinker polymers and the addition of n-hexane. The rate constant of intramolecular crosslinkings (k2intra) obtained in a mixed solvent (21 ∼ 36 vol % of n-hexane) increased when the molecular weight of the crosslinker polymers and the extent of n-hexane were increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201115
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  • 160
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    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of allyl esters of unsaturated acids. IX. Controlled ring closure in the radical cyclopolymerization of allyl methacrylate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3207-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Radical cyclopolymerization of allyl methacrylate (AMA) was investigated in detail, especially under the specified conditions; that is, above the ceiling temperature for a head-to-tail propagation (ΔGht ≥ 0) in the polymerization of methacrylate. Thus the structure of the polymer obtained was examined by 1H- and 13C-NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy; no existence of unreacted pendant methacrylyl groups was observed, which suggests that, as a cyclopolymerization mechanism of AMA, intermolecular propagation of growing radicals, followed by intramolecular cyclization or intermolecular propagation of the resulting uncyclized methacrylyl radical, occurs exclusively with methacrylyl group. Temperature dependency of cyclization constant Kc was unusual; Kc increased rapidly at elevated temperatures and no linear relationship of ln Kc vs. 1/T was observed. Five-membered ring formation was favored at an elevated temperature and diluted monomer concentration. These results are discussed thermodynamically in terms of controlled ring closure in cyclopolymerization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201116
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  • 161
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    Digitale Medien
    Poly(vinyl chloroformate): Application as pharmacologically active polymer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3255-3259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201121
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  • 162
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    Digitale Medien
    Substituent effect on the hydrolysis of side groups in poly(phenyl methacrylates)This work was presented in part at the IUPAC Symposium in Bratislava, July 3-6, 1979. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3267-3270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of several poly(phenyl methacrylates) with different substituents in the aromatic ring were investigated. Using Keller's equations to describe the effect of neighboring groups on the kinetics of side-group reactions in polymers, we computed the corresponding rate constants which correlated well with Hammett's substituent constants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201201
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    13C-NMR of ABS in the solid state. Characterization and relaxation studies (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3285-3296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 13C-NMR spectra of bulk acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin are reported. The styrene-co-acrylonitrile (SAN) carbons can be observed selectively by using high-power proton decoupling, cross polarization, and magic angle spinning (MAS). The polybutadiene (PBd) carbons can be observed selectively by using low-power proton decoupling, with or without MAS. Methods and conditions for using 13C-NMR to quantify the amount of PBd in solid ABS resins are developed. The 13C-NMR results and results from iodine monochloride titrations for PBd content are in good agreement. Resonances of PBd in ABS in the solid state are assigned on the basis of triad sequences of cis, trans, and vinyl-1,2 geometric isomers of butadiene. Computational methods are set forth for measuring directly from the 13C-NMR spectra the percent of cis, trans, and vinyl-1,2 isomers in PBd in the ABS resin. The NMR measurement of PBd microstructure appears to be preferable to infrared (IR) determinations. Relaxation parameters (T1 and NOE) are reported for PBd in bulk ABS as a function of temperature and are analyzed in terms of a distribution of rotational correlation times. These relaxation parameters are similar to those of nongrafted PBd and indicate that the local motions in grafted and nongrafted PBd are similar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201203
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  • 164
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    Digitale Medien
    Second moments of ESR signals from poly(p-phenylene) and the deuterated analog (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3305-3312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The second moments of the ESR signals obtained from poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) and deuterated PPP were measured at 9.5 and 35 GHz. The theoretical and experimental contributions to the second moments were considered. It is shown that for deuterated PPP, deuteron hyperfine splitting makes a negligible contribution to the observed second moment. The proton hyperfine contributions to the second moments of the radical species in PPP and p-sexiphenyl were estimated and it was concluded that the unpaired electron was delocalized over only 2-4 phenylene units. A rationale is offered in terms of polarons present as defects in the PPP chains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201205
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  • 165
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    Some chemical and analytical aspects of polysaccharide modifications. II.For Part I see ref. 1. A high-yielding, specific method for the chemical derivatization of galactose-containing polysaccharides: Oxidation with galactose oxidase followed by reductive aminationAspects of this work were presented at the 63rd Canadian Chemical Conference, Ottawa, June 3-6, 1980; for a preliminary communication see ref. 2. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3399-3420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A versatile and high-yielding method was developed for specifically modifying galactose-containing polysaccharides, exemplified here by two representative galactomannans, guar gum 1 and locust bean gum 5. Oxidation of the primary alcohol functions of 1 and 5 with galactose oxidase produced the corresponding aldehyde derivatives 2 and 6 which were subsequently derivatized in several ways. Reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride of 2 and 6 proceeded smoothly (60-90% yields) and led to stable amine derivatives (4, 7-11), which included hydroxyalkylamine- (8), glycine- (9), and BSA- (11) derivatives. The cationic primary amine derivative 12 was similarly reductively alkylated with lactose to yield a product 13 with extended carbohydrate side chains. Oxidation of 2 produced the anionic carboxy derivative 14, whereas reduction of 2 and 6 with sodium borodeuteride yielded the deuterium labeled neutral species 15 and 16. The undegraded gums and some of their derivatives were studied by high resolution 13C-NMR (100.6 MHz) at 30°C, and the proposed chemical shift assignments were in good qualitative agreement with those of earlier studies. ESR spectroscopy was used to follow the chemical reactions and to derive information about the galactose distribution of 1 and 5. Mean nearest neighbor distances (r̄) between nitroxides attached to 1 and 5 were 1.36 nm (±5%) for 4 and 1.75 nm (±5%) for 7. These r̄ values agree favorably with the structural models recently proposed elsewhere, excluding earlier suggestions of homogeneous galactose distributions or regularly alternating blocks of branched and unbranched mannose units. The solution properties, such as viscosity and salt- and organic solvent-compatibility, of some of the guar derivatives appear to be unique and interesting. An alternative oxidation procedure of the galactose residues of 1 and 5 with sodium periodate has been evaluated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201213
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  • 166
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    Digitale Medien
    Methylene malonamide. I. Synthesis and reactivity of the monomer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The first confirmed synthesis of methylene malonamide (MeMal) is reported. This monomer was prepared by the thermal elimination or fluoride-ion-initiated elimination of trimethylsilyl chloride from α-chloro-α(trimethylsilyl-2-methyl) malonamide. Spectral data for the monomer are given. MeMal has been shown to be unstable in a variety of protic organic solvents, including water and alcohols, thus giving the appropriate (α-methyl) substituted malonamides. MeMal is stable in most aprotic solvents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200104
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  • 167
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    Digitale Medien
    A new method for preparing polysulfones: Electrochemically induced copolymerization of sulfur dioxide and conjugated dienes in liquid SO2 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200127
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  • 168
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    Digitale Medien
    Grafting vinyl monomers onto nylon 6. V. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto nylon 6 with the tetravalent cerium-thiourea redox system (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200130
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  • 169
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    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses of amphiphilic block copolymers. Block copolymers of methacrylic acid and p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of methacrylic acid (MA) sequences and p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene (DMS) sequences were prepared by living anionic polymerization. DMS was polymerized by lithium naphthalene in tetrahydrofuran to yield a living polymer solution, to which trimethylsilyl methacrylate (TMSM) was added to allow the block copolymerization. The conversion of TMSM was dependent on the countercation, i.e., with Na+ as counterion, no quantitative conversion was reached owing to premature termination, whereas with Li+ the conversion was quantitative. The role of the counterion was discussed in some detail in connection with self-termination by the backbiting mechanism. The trimethylsilyl ester groups in the block copolymer were quantitatively hydrolyzed by treatment with aqueous methanol at room temperature, yielding MA sequences. The block copolymer of MA and DMS exhibited micellar properties in an aqueous solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200204
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  • 170
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    Digitale Medien
    Conformational and neighboring effects in graft polymerization of acrolein onto imidazole-containing polymer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The graft polymerizations of acrolein (AL) onto an imidazole (Im)-containing polymer, such as a homopolymer of 4(5)-vinylimidazole (VIm) and several copolymers of VIm-methyl vinyl ketone, VIm-butyl acrylate, and VIm-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, have been kinetically carried out in ethanol-water mixture at 0°C. The graft polymerization rate Rp and the degree of graft polymerization increased with increasing concentration of water in the solvent. Moreover, the Rp of the copolymer system having the hydrophobic group as the side chain decreased in comparison with the homopolymer system. Polymerizations of AL in the presence of propionamide or poly-acrylamide (AAm) induced by Im were also kinetically carried out in ethanol-water mixture. The Rp was also affected by the conformational change of poly-AAm. These results were discussed by assuming the conformation of the parent polymer in ethanol-water mixture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200207
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  • 171
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    Digitale Medien
    New processable polyaromatic ether-keto-sulfones as colorless, clear film-forming materials (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New processable polyaromatic ether-keto-sulfones were prepared from 4,4′-diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and bis-p-carboxyphenylacetylene dichloride (IV) in a Friedel-Crafts-type polymerization. The white polymers obtained form colorless, transparent, strong films and can be cast into a glass-fiber laminate. One polymer was prepared which incorporated biphenylene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid dichloride as crosslinking sites; this heat-cured polymer was completely insoluble in sulfuric acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200213
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  • 172
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    Digitale Medien
    Nonionic polymer surfactants (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 443-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Nonionic water-soluble polymeric surfactants have been prepared by addition of long-chain n-alkyl epoxides to nonionic cellulose ethers. The polymers exhibit properties which can be explained by interchain association. The relationship between hydrocarbon-modifier carbon number and the onset of association follows a linear relation analogous to those observed for monomeric nonionic surfactants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200218
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  • 173
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    Digitale Medien
    Copolymerization of N-carboxy N∊-carbobenzoxy L-lysine anhydride with N-carboxy β-benzyl L-aspartate anhydride in acetonitrile (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Copolymerization of N-carboxy N∊-carbobenzoxy L-lysine anydride with N-carboxy β-benzyl L-aspartate anhydride was initiated with n-butylamine in acetonitrile. The copolymerization proceeded almost homogeneously except for the initial stage, when the proportion of N-carboxy anhydride (NCA) in the polymerization mixture varied from 25 to 75 mol %. This was due to the fact that the copolypeptides formed were soluble or highly swollen in the solvent, in contrast to the homopolymerization of NCAs such as N∊-carbobenzoxy L-lysine NCA and β-benzyl L-aspartate NCA in acetonitrile, which proceeds heterogeneously. The compositions of the copolymers obtained were, within experimental error, the same as their monomer feed compositions. The initial rates of copolymerization were almost the same as the rate of homopolymerization of β-benzyl L-aspartate NCA, which propagates with a nonhelical polypeptide, but were slower than the rate of homopolymerization of N∊-carbobenzoxy L-lysine NCA, which propagates with a helical polypeptide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200226
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  • 174
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    Digitale Medien
    Studies on polyyne polymers containing transition metals in the main chain. VII. Synthesis and characterization of palladium-polyyne polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 565-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Metal-polyyne polymers consisting of palladium and conjugated acetylenic systems, where PD and R represent the  - Pd(PBu3)2 - moiety and alkyl groups, respectively, were prepared by polycondensation between palladium chlorides and α,ω-diethynyl compounds in amines using a catalytic amount of cuprous iodide. The molecular weights of the polymers formed were greatly affected by the basicity of the amines and the addition of free phosphines to the polymerization system. Under the optimum conditions, i.e., in the presence of CuI and PBu3 (in molar ratio 1/4) in piperidine at room temperature, polymer Ia (R1 = R2 = H) having M̄w = 29,000 was obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200230
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  • 175
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    Digitale Medien
    Polyaromatic ether-ketones containing various biphenylene units as crosslinking sites (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 609-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polyaromatic ether-ketones were prepared from diphenyl ether, isophthaloyl dichloride, and small amounts of 2,6-, 2,7-, 1,5-, and 1,8-dicarboxylic acid chloride of biphenylene, respectively, by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Biphenylene units were incorporated as crosslinking sites. Crosslinking is achieved by curing the polymers at 310-350°C for several hours. While the uncured resins are soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, the fully crosslinked polymers are completely insoluble.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200303
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  • 176
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    Digitale Medien
    Intramolecular charge transfer complexes. VIII. Poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl) carbazolyl acrylate-co-2,4-dinitrophenyl methacrylate] (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 655-661 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Radical copolymerization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) carbazolyl acrylate (HECA, M1) with 2,4-dinitrophenyl methacrylate (DNPM, M2) can be described by a simple terminal mechanism having the relative reactivities r1 = 0.14, r2 = 1.10 (at 60°C); 0.28, 0.96 (80°C); and 0.41, 0.79 (100°C), respectively. The dependence of the reactivity ratio values on copolymerization temperature, analyzed by Arrhenius equation, takes place mainly through the frequency factor. The copolymers obtained are intramolecular charge transfer complexes. The intramolecular interaction is evidenced by the shift of the aromatic protons from the DNPM structural unit in the copolymers' 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra. This shift depends on sequence distribution and chain conformation, but is not affected by the copolymerization temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200306
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  • 177
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    Digitale Medien
    The chemistry and kinetic behavior of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. IV. Fixation of CCA to wood (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 739-764 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The kinetic behavior of copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) wood preservatives in their reaction with wood, lignin, cellulose, and their respective simple model compounds, guaiacol and D(+)-glucose, has been elucidated. Copper chromatesVI/lignin guaiacyl units and chromiumIII arsenates/lignin guaiacyl units, which are stable and insoluble complexes formed during the reaction, have been characterized. No copper arsenates were formed during the reactions (which were carried out using a CCA of type C). The sequence, nature, and combined effect of the reactions of CCA with wood, lignin, and cellulose are similar to that already described for the “CrO3 alone,”1 Cu/Cr2, and Cr/As3 systems. Rate constants, energies of activation, and Arrhenius equations have been obtained and reported. The distribution of CrVI, CrIII, Asv, and Cu2+ in CCA-C-treated wood has been calculated. The results obtained have allowed meaningful comparisons of several commercial CCA formulations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200313
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  • 178
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    A free-volume model for photopolymerizable/cross-linkable dry-film systems (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 847-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A photopolymerizable/cross-linkable dry-film system is generally a compatible mixture of three main ingredients: a preformed polymeric binder, a multifunctional polymerizable monomer, and a photoinitiating system. The photographic speed of systems sensitized with certain free-radical sensitizers which undergo intermolecular hydrogen-abstraction (e.g., benzophenone/Michler's ketone) is proportional to the excess fractional free volume (Vf - Vfg), of the dry coating. Free-volume dependence appears to be determined by the molecular size or configuration of the actual initiating species. We used as a working model the copolymer system poly[4,4′-isopropylidenediphenylene-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan-5,4′-dicarboxylate:azelate] and tri(6-acryloyloxyhexyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate as the polymerizable/cross-linkable monomer. A mathematical model based on experimental data and the free-volume theory was developed. The photographic speed of a photopolymerizable/cross-linkable dry-film system suffering from free-volume dependence can be correlated with the glass transition temperatures of the polymeric binder and the monomer, the volume fraction of the monomer, and the temperature of exposure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200321
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simplified data treatment for dead-end and high conversion polymerization kinetics (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 241-244 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A simplified approximation method for the treatment of dead-end and high conversion polymerization kinetics is presented. The method is based on the treatment of dead-end polymerization first described by Tobolsky. In appropriate circumstances, by contrast with Tobolsky's method, this method provides measurements of kd and kp/kt1/2 without recourse to the measurement of the monomer conversion at infinite time.Kinetic studies of free radical polymerizations are normally confined to measurements of initial rates. At low conversions the predictions of the general mechanism for chain-growth polymerization involving initiation, propagation, and termination steps are generally obeyed. Thus the polymerization rate should be first order in the vinyl monomer and half-order in the initiator concentrations.At high conversions, however, large deviations which can be ascribed to various effects can occur; for example, (1) the effect of the increasing viscosity of the polymerization medium on the termination rate constant kt, and possibly also on the propagation rate constant kp, which have been considered by North1 and Cardenas and O'Driscoll,2 or (2) depletion of the initiator as the polymerization progresses. This depletion will occur in all polymerizations but its significance will depend on the magnitude of the rate constant for initiator decomposition (kd) and the period of polymerization. Appropriate conditions will lead to limiting monomer conversion even after infinite polymerization time; this phenomenon has been called dead-end polymerization by Tobolsky.3Free radical polymerizations to high conversion are particularly important in the industrial context when initial kinetics are obviously inadequate. Suitable treatment of the conversion/time relationship is highly desirable.Senogles and Woolf4 have examined the polymerization of n-lauryl methacrylate at 60°C with 2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator under dead-end conditions.Here we propose a modification of Tobolsky's treatment of such polymerizations by using an approximation for the exponential decay in the initiator concentration. This method permits easy manipulation of the experimental data and the estimation of values for the kinetic parameters in favorable circumstances without recourse to the measurement of the conversion at infinite time or the evaluation of complicated functions of the monomer conversion. The method thus allows the duration of the laboratory experimentation to be significantly shortened and the complexity of the subsequent data analysis to be considerably reduced.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200126
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  • 180
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    Digitale Medien
    Aliphatic polyesters. III. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in alcohol-initiated polymerizations of ∊-caprolactone (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of initiation of ∊-caprolactone polymerization with mono- and polyfunctional alcohols was investigated. The resulting linear and starshaped polymers were characterized by measurement of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The polymerizations were characterized by (1) rapid initiation, (2) invariance of the number of growing chains corresponding to the amount of initiator, and (3) a dominant role played by ester interchange reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200206
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New processable polyaromatic keto-sulfones with internal acetylene units (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polyaromatic ketone-sulfones of high molecular weight have been obtained from bis-(3-carboxyphenyl) acetylene dichloride, isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, and 4,4-diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone in a Friedel-Craft-type polycondensation. The polymer products are white powders and form transparent, strong films. These polymers could be reacted by Diels-Alder cycloaddition with 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. These polymers showed only a very slight increase in viscosity over those that were not reacted with diphenylbutadiene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200214
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acid-base properties of solid polyelectrolytes: Dissociation of cellulosic polyanions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 477-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The potentiometric titration behavior of nitrogen dioxide and periodate-chlorite oxycellulose has been studied both in the presence and absence of sodium chloride. The apparent pK values in general increase with increasing degree of dissociation, but the reverse is true for periodate-chlorite oxycellulose in the absence of added salt. This behavior is interpreted in terms of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interaction of carboxyl groups. The Gibbs-Donnan theory of polyaid dissociation was applied to calculate the intrinsic dissociation constant pK′0. Assuming a model having a uniform potential distributin throughout the fiber, good agreement with the expected value of 3.24 was found (compared to pK′0 = 3.25 calculated for periodate-chlorite oxycellulose).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200221
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of the spectra of diacetylenic phospholipid polymers in solvents and dispersions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 513-520 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Phospholipids, of which phosphoryl cholines are a specific example, are the most common lipid components of cell membranes. Synthetic acetylenic phospholipids form closed model membranes, vesicles, or liposomes when dispersed in water. Below the temperature at which lipid chain crystallization occurs irradiation of vesicles causes polymerization of the diacetylene groups. In chloroform solution the spectrum of the polymer is independent of temperature. However, when the polymer is dissolved in methanol or dispersed in water with another lipid spectral changes occur. As solution or dispersion is cooled a second peak appears on the long wavelength side of the original absorption and gradually increases in intensity. Evidence that suggests that this peak is associated with aggregated polymer chains is presented. It appears that within the aggregates exciton coupling splits the excited state into two new levels and only transitions to the level of lowest energy are allowed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200224
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and properties of polybenzimidazoles containing azo groups (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1145-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200423
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct synthesis of a polyamide by an enol phosphite and imidazole (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1185-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Direct polycondensation of various dicarboxylic acids and diamines was effected under mild conditions by using an enol phosphite, diethyl 1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl phosphite (I), in the presence of imidazole. To check the activity of the enol phosphite and various organic bases in an amidation reaction, the model reaction of acetic acid and aniline was carried out, and the yield of acetanilide was estimated by means of gas chromatography. Among organic bases, imidazole was the best in terms of yield of acetanilide. Polycondensation performed by varying solvents, temperature, and amount of imidazole resulted in high yields of polyamides with inherent viscosities of 0.1-0.25.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200503
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of ion exchange resins from carbonaceous adsorbents (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1213-1229 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Carbonaceous adsorbents are obtained by thermolysis of sulfonated macroreticular polystyrene ion exchange resins at 300-500°C. The hard, spherical, carbonaceous particles react exothermally with elemental chlorine to form products containing up to 38% Cl. The chlorinated particles react readily with polyamines to form anion exchange resins with capacities of up to 2.2 meq/g dry resin. Less than 60% of the nitrogen atoms in the particles are utilized as ion exchange sites. The carbonaceous particles can also be chloromethylated with chloromethyl methyl ether or chlorinated with sulfuryl chloride and then aminated with polyamines to form anion exchange resins, sulfonated with sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid to form strongly acidic cation exchange resins, or chlorosulfonated and then aminated with polyamines to form anion exchange resins. Model structures of the thermolyzed resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fragments are proposed to explain their chemical reactivities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200506
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion-controlled vinyl polymerization. I. The gel effect (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1299-1313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is well known that the reaction rate and molecular weight of vinyl polymers can change markedly during the course of polymerization and that these changes are due to the influence of diffusion on the termination reaction. The chain length dependence of the termination rate constant has been considered in this work and has resulted in a general method of treating the polymerization kinetics and molecular weight distribution. This method is independent of the form of the chain length dependency and is capable of dealing with both disproportionation and recombination modes of termination. A specific model for the termination rate constant with chain length dependence is proposed and is based on free volume theory and entanglement coupling. Master curves for the characteristics of the reaction rate and molecular weight distribution are presented with the application of this model.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200513
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics and mechanism of the anionic polymerization of cyclohexadienes initiated by naphthalene radical anions and dianions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 901-915 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The anionic polymerization of 1.3-cyclohexadiene (1.3-CHD) was investigated in temperatures that ranged from 25 to -77°C. Initiation by lithium naphthalene (N-·,Li+) in tetrahydrofuran at -20°C yields polymers with fairly narrow molecular weight distribution. The M̄w of these polymers so prepared is ca. 20,000. Polymerization of 1.3-CHD conducted at room temperature is accompanied by the dehydrogenation and disproportionation of the monomer, especially when N-·,K+ acts as initiator. Oligomers are formed when hexamethylphosphoramide is used as a solvent. The mechanism of the initiation of the polymerization of 1.3-CHD by N-·,Li+ was elucidated and the rate constants at -20°C in tetrahydrofuran of the elementary reactions were determined. It was established that the dianions formed by disproportionation of N-·,Li+ act as effective initiators for 1.3-CHD. The adducts formed constitute the cyclohexanyl and naphthyl carbanionic groups. The former carbanions (λmax ∼ 275 nm) propagate the polymerization. The initially formed dimeric adducts are stabilized by the separation of the carbanionic end groups by the additional monomer units. Chain transfer to the monomer limits the growth of the polymers. The isomerization of the cyclohexadienyl anions, formed as result of chain transfer, may be followed by the elimination of lithium hydride. The latter reaction represents a termination step. Addition of 1.4-CHD to the reaction mixture enhances the chain transfer and the termination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200401
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of a polycarbonate by reaction of carbon dioxide, dipotassium 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenolate and α,ω-dihalo compoundsPresented in part at the 7th International Symposium on Polycondensation Processes, Lódź, Poland 1979. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 967-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: To study the possibility of obtaining aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonates the reactions of CO2, dipotassium 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenolate, and different α,ω-dihalo compounds were studied in polar aprotic solvents in the presence of various catalysts. It was shown that in addition to the crown ethers already in use as catalysts in this type of polycondensation reaction cryptates and polyglyme exhibit similar catalytic activity. The influence of temperature, CO2 pressure, solvent, and structure of the α,ω-dihalo compound on the yield of the polymer formed was established. A relationship between the type and amount of catalyst used, especially crown ether, on the reaction yield was revealed, and some physicochemical properties of the polymers obtained were determined. Studies of the model reaction between CO2, potassium phenolate, and different α,ω-dihalo compounds under conditions analogous to those of the studied reaction were carried out. On the basis of the results obtained attempts were made to explain the reaction mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200406
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  • 190
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    Digitale Medien
    Photoinduced electron transfer from polystyrene pendant tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex to methylviologen (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1011-1019 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The characteristics of the photoinduced electron transfer reaction from polystyrene pendant tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex [Ru(bpy)32+] to methylviologen (MV2+) were studied. The rate constant k1 from the excited state of the complex, Ru(bpy)32+*, to MV2+ were determined for both the polymeric and monomeric complexes from the lifetime τ of Ru(bpy)32+* and the quenching rate of Ru(bpy)32+* by MV2+. The polymer pendant Ru(bpy)32+* showed three kinds of τ components ranging from 7 to 474 ns, in contrast to the monomeric complex, which showed one component of 350 ns. The k1 values for both complexes were almost the same, on the order of 108 L/mol s. The photoinduced electron transfer from solid-phase Ru(bpy)32+ to liquid-phase MV2+ was realized by utilizing the polymer complex, and the solid-liquid interphase reaction system is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200410
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polyterephthalates of 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4: Effect of aliphatic substituents on Tg and Tm of the polyesters (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1051-1063 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Poly(2,3-dialkylbutanediol-1,4 terephthalates) with the alkyl substituents CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, iso-C3H7, n-C4H9, and n-C10H21, andn-C16H33 were synthesized from the corresponding 2,3-dialkylbutanediols-1,4 and dimethyl terephthalate or terephthaloyl chloride. The substituents of the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyterephthalates influence the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms near the branching site, the glass transition (Tg), and the crystallizability. Small alkyl substituents do not change the Tg of the polymers, whereas bulky substituents such as the isopropyl group increase the Tg and long normal alkyl groups as substituents decrease the Tg of the polymers. Crystallinity in these polyterephthalates was found only with CH3 and C16H33 as the 2,3-dialkyl substituents in the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyester. This crystallinity of polyterephthalate of 2,3-di-C16H33 substituted butanediol-1,4 could be assigned to side-chain crystallization of the paraffinic groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200414
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  • 192
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    Digitale Medien
    Functional monomers and polymers. XCVII.For Part XCVI see Y. Inaki, Y. Suda, Y. Kita, and K. Takemoto, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 19, 2519 (1981). Synthesis of oligomer models of polyethyleneimine derivatives containing pendant thymine bases (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1917-1933 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A series of oligomer models of polyethyleneimine derivatives having pendant thymine bases were prepared by the reaction of carboxyethyl derivatives of thymine with oligomer amines using an activated-ester method. It was found that the hypochromicity values obtained from UV spectra and pKa values obtained from spectrophotometric titrations depend on the chain length of the oligomers and the thymine content of the polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200723
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  • 193
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pressure on free-radical copolymerization kinetics. III. An improved method of measuring monomer reactivity ratios under high-pressure conditions (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2693-2703 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: To investigate high-pressure copolymerizations a sampling technique has been developed enabling continual on-line GLC analysis of the reaction mixture. As a result more reliable kinetic data are obtained. This new “sequential sampling” method, allowing the use of gaseous monomers, has been tested for the copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl propionate at 118 MPa and 335 K with tert-butyl alcohol as solvent. The results are compared with those obtained with the “quenching” method used so far, which yields compositional data on the reaction mixture before and after the high-pressure stage, only. It is shown that the “sequential sampling” method is the most adequate method of determining high-pressure monomer reactivity ratios. Furthermore, it is an important safety feature that the present procedure can be easily remote controlled. The present experimental method is neither restricted to copolymerization nor to gas-chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200927
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phthalocyanine polymers. IV. Novel type of thermally stable polyimides derived from metal phthalocyanine tetramines and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2773-2780 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Poly(metal phthalocyanine)imides of copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc were synthesized by the reaction of metal phthalocyanino tetramines with benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. These polymers were characterized by elemental analyses and IR, TGA, and inherent viscosity studies. Noteworthy features of these phthalocyanine polymers are their remarkable thermal and thermooxidative stabilities with char yields at 800°C that range from 78 to 83% in a nitrogen atmosphere. The relative thermal stabilities of these polymers have been evaluated by activation energy measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201004
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    13N-NMR spectroscopy. XXXV.Part 34: H. R. Kricheldorf and W. E. Hull, Biopolymers, to appear. Sequence analysis of alternating and random copolyamides made up of aliphatic and aromatic ω-amino acids (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2791-2807 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Alternating copolyamides of various ω-amino acids were synthesized by base-catalyzed polycondensation of N-isothiocyanatoacyl ω-amino acids in solution. Derivatives of the following amino acids were used: glycine, β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, δ-aminovaleric acid, ε-aminocaproic acid, D,L-β-aminobutyric acid, trans-4-aminocyclohexane 1-carboxylic acid, 4-aminophenyl acetic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 3-amino-4-methyl benzoic acid, and 4-amino-3-methyl benzoic acid. The base-catalyzed polycondensation at lower temperatures gave purer products than the bulk condensation at 180-200°C. 13C-NMR and natural-abundance 15N-NMR spectra measured in trifluoroacetic acid demonstrate that in most cases undisturbed alternating sequences were obtained. Strong neighboring residue effects and long-range sequence effects were found in the 15N-NMR spectra, and structure/shift relationships are discussed. The sequences of copolyamides obtained by copolymerizations of lactams or β-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides were investigated by both 15N-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. 13C-NMR spectroscopy was found to be more useful if the copolyamides consist of ω-amino acid units of different chain length. However, 15N-NMR spectroscopy is more suited if the monomer units differ exclusively by their substituents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201006
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New acetylene-terminated quinoxaline oligomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2851-2862 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A series of acetylene-terminated quinoxaline oligomers was synthesized for testing as possible adhesives for airplane manufacturing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201011
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and properties of polybenzimidazoles containing cardo groups (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3095-3105 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several polybenzimidazoles containing cardo groups were prepared: A cardodicarboxylic acid, 9,9-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)fluorene, and two cardotetramines, 9,9-bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)fluorene and 9,9-bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)10-anthrone. The cardodicarboxylic acid was condensed with aromatic tetramines and the cardotetramines were condensed with aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Prior to polymer synthesis two model compounds, 9,9-bis[4,(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]fluorene and 2,2′-diphenyl-5,5′-(9,9-fluorenediyl)-bibenzimidazole were prepared and characterized by spectral methods. The polymers were obtained in 60-70% yield and showed reduced viscosity in the range of 0.7-1.1 dL/g. They were soluble in dimethyl formamide (DMF) and chlorinated solvents like tetrachlorethane. The thermal stabilities of these cardopolymers were superior to noncardopoly-benzimidazoles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201105
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of cyclohexene oxide with aluminum complex/silanol catalysts. V. A catalytic activity dependence on the aluminum chelate structure (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3155-3165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The catalytic activity of an aluminum complex/silanol system was found to vary with the aluminum ligand as follows: β-diketonate 〈 β-ketoester anion 〈 ortho-carbonylphenolate. Aluminum complexes with electron donating groups conjugated with a carbonyl group had higher catalytic activity. The catalyst activity correlated with the strength of interaction between the aluminum complex and the silanol; there were two such interaction mechanisms. Cyclohexene oxide was polymerized cationically by the activated proton of SiOH. The activated proton is considered to be similar to Brönsted acid on silica-alumina catalyst; therefore, the catalyst would be a model of the silica-alumina catalyst.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201111
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monte Carlo study of star-branched polymers on the tetrahedral lattice. I. Conformation of the macromolecule (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3147-3154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The star-branched polymers on the tetrahedral lattice are studied by means of the Monte Carlo method. The influence of solvent quality on the dimensions of the coil is described for both linear and branched polymer systems of different functionality. It has been observed that the ratios of gyration radii 〈S2〉b/〈S2〉l are greater than those predicted theoretically for the random-flight model. The fourth reduced moment of S2 distribution and the mean-square separation of the branch ends from the center of gravity have been also computed. The changes in segment arrangement in the coil with increasing number of branches have been observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201110
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by a charge transfer mechanism with urea and iron (III) complex (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 3181-3187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be polymerized by a charge transfer complex formed by the interaction of urea, methyl methacrylate, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in a nonaqueous solvent like dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The rate of polymerization can be accelerated by Lewis acids like Fe3+. This article reports the polymerization of MMA initiated by urea and CCl4 and accelerated with hexakisdimethylsulfoxide iron (III) perchlorate, [Fe(DMSO)6](ClO4)3, and A at 60°C. Definite induction periods were observed for the polymerization reaction initiated by urea and CCl4 alone, but the induction period completely vanished when the molar ratio of urea to A reached 6:1. The molecular weights of the polymers with 6:1 molar ratio of urea to A were higher than with urea alone. The rate constant for the polymerization of MMA in the presence of [Fe(urea)6]3+ was 1.03 × 10-5 1 mol-1 s-1 at 60°C. The transfer constant for CCl4 for polymerization with urea alone is 2.43 × 10-3 at 60°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201113
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