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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and oxiranes (1984)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Crown ether ; Phasetransfer catalyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Synthesen cyclischer Carbonate2 durch Umsetzung von CO2 mit Oxiranen1 in Gegenwart von Alkalimetall-Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren werden beschrieben. Ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of cyclic carbonates2 by reaction of carbon dioxide with oxiranes1 in the presence of alkali metal salt-phase-transfer agent catalysts is reported. A reaction mechanism is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00798411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of CO2 copolymers with heterocyclic monomers (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 78 (1979), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Basic properties of poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(propylene urethane) were estimated by means of additive methods. The properties estimated for the former polymer - an alternating CO2/propylene oxide copolymer - were compared with those determined experimentally.Properties of poly(styrene carbonate) - an alternating CO2/styrene oxide copolymer - were estimated and confronted with those of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenylene carbonate) produced commercially.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1979.050780116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiation and propagation reactions in the copolymerization of epoxide with carbon dioxide by catalysts based on diethylzinc and polyhydric phenol (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 977-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide were copolymerized with carbon dioxide in the presence of catalysts such as diethylzinc with phenol or 1-phenoxy-2-propanol and/or a polyhydric phenol (polyhydroxybenzene derivatives such as 4-tert-butylcatechol, pyrogallol): The corresponding copolymers with predominant carbonate linkages and the respective cyclic alkylene carbonates as by-products were obtained in the presence of catalysts derived from diethylzinc and polyhydric phenol. Cyclic alkylene carbonates but no polymeric products were formed in the presence of catalysts derived from diethylzinc and monoprotic compound. The copolymers were analysed by means of 1H- and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in terms of chain microstructure and end groups. Alkaline hydrolysis of the cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide copolymer was performed and the trans-structure of the obtained cyclohexane-1,2-diol was determined. Mechanisms for the initiation and propagation reactions are proposed and discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950314
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of poly(propylene carbonate) by coordination catalysts containing phenolatozinc and alcoholatozinc species (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 1011-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(propylene carbonate) was treated with coordination catalysts exhibiting activity in propylene oxide/carbon dioxide copolymerization and cyclization. Poly(propylene carbonate) was found to undergo degradation and depolymerization reactions which were monitored by intrinsic viscosity of the polymer and the yield of propylene carbonate. End-groups in the degraded polymer were determined using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Catalysts containing active phenolatozinc species were shown to cleave the poly(propylene carbonate) chain introducing to it the aryloxy moiety as aryl carbonate end-group and the zinc moiety as alcoholatozinc end-group. On the contrary, catalysts containing active alcoholatozinc species were shown to cleave the poly(propylene carbonate) chain introducing to it the alcoholate moiety as alcoholate end-group and the zinc moiety as alkylcarbonatozinc end-group. Propylene carbonate formation was proposed to occur involving chain depolymerization via alcoholatozinc end-groups. Propylene carbonate formation involving chains terminated with alkylcarbonatozinc groups was proposed to be preceded by their decarboxylation with CO2 elimination leading to alcoholatozinc end-groups.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950317
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active sites, nature and mechanism of carbon dioxide - propylene oxide copolymerization and cyclization reactions employing organozinc - oxygen catalysts (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 5 (1991), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; propylene oxide ; organozinc-oxygen compounds ; poly(;propylene carbonate) ; propylene carbonate ; copolymerization ; cyclization ; organozinc catalyst ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide in the presence of catalysts with condensed zinc species (;derived from diethylzinc and dihydric phenols, e.g. catechol o= C6H4(;OH)2 and saligenin 0= HOC6H4CH2OH) yields poly(;propylene carbonate) as well as propylene carbonate. The above reaction in the presence of catalysts with noncondensed zinc species (;derived from diethylzinc and phenol) yields propylene carbonate as the main product, but in relatively low yield. The mechanism of the linear and cyclic carbonate formation is discussed in terms of the nature of the catalyst's active sites for both types.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590050308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyesters with regular structure from α,ω-dihalocompounds and alkali metal dicarboxylates (1981)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 2 (1981), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1981.030020402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of propylene oxide in the presence of a diethylzinc-pyrogallol catalytic system (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1235-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170426
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylonitrile by catalytic systems consisting of triphenylphosphine and a lewis acid (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1251-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of systems that consisted of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and a Lewis acid RmMXn (ZnCl2, Me3Al, Et3Al, Et2AlCl, EtAlCl2, AlCl3) was studied. The systems that contained Me3Al and Et3Al (i.e., Lewis acid of moderate acidity) were the most efficient catalysts. Conductometric measurements carried out in the polymerization systems showed the presence of ions. The presence of phosphonium cation in the polyacrylonitrile chain formed by the PPh3-RmMXn catalytic systems was determined by IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular weight measurements and kinetic chain lengths of polyacrylonitrile formed within the reaction time in the presence of PPh3-Et3Al showed that transfer reactions occur. According to the results obtained, the polymerization reaction of acrylonitrile by PPh3-RmMXn involved a zwitterion formed by the attack of PPh3 on acrylonitrile complexed by Lewis acid [Ph3P⊕—CH2—C⊖H—C≡N → MRmXn] and the anion [CH2=C⊖—C≡N] formed by the proton abstraction from the monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organometallic compounds as catalysts in the alternating copolymerization of acrylonitirle with butadienePresented in part at the 23rd IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Madrid, 1974. (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 861-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The catalytic activity of various organometallic compounds of the Lewis acid type RmMXn(M = Zn, Cd, B, Al; R = CH3,C2H5, i-C4H9, C6H5CH2, C6H5C2H4; X = Cl, OCH3) in the alternating copolymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene in bulk and in toluene solution has been studied. The activity of the catalyst was found to depend on its acidity, the strength of its M—R bond, and on the type of substituent R. The results obtained have been discussed in terms of the copolymerizability of the acrylonitrile complexed by RmMXn and in terms of the effect of the RmMXn structure on the initiation rate of the copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.170160501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization and homopolymerization reactions in systems containing electron-donor monomer, electron-acceptor monomer, and lewis acid (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 867-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations of the copolymerization of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, acryloyl chloride, methyl vinyl ketone, and acrolein with styrene, and of acrylonitrile with acenaphthylene and 1,3-cyclopentadiene in the presence of Lewis acids as catalysts have been carried out. It was found that the free-radical alternating copolymerization and ionic copolymerization or homopolymerization reactions can proceed in these systems. The yield of the competitive free-radical and ionic reactions was related to the type of monomers and strength of the Lewis acid. The mechanism of the catalytic effect of Lewis acids in the reactions studied is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.170160502
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