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  • Physics  (1.093)
  • 1980-1984  (1.093)
  • 1984  (555)
  • 1983  (538)
  • 1
    Unbekannt
    Mathematical and conceptual foundations of 20th-century physics (1984)
    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Pub. Co
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): DDC 530.1 ; LC QC20 ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Relativity (Physics)
    ISBN: 9780444875853
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=03040208&volume=100
    Sprache: Englisch
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pyrolysis of unsaturated polyester resin. Quantitative aspects (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The thermal decomposition of this resin was examined by quantitative pyrolysis - gas chromatography. The decomposition does not follow the Hurd-Blunck mechanism generally obeyed by beta-hydrogen containing esters. Instead, phthalic anhydride is extruded almost quantitatively. It is proposed that the mechanism involves the rearrangement of the phthalate C—O bonds to extrude the anhydride, leaving a maleic acid - dipropylene glycol polyester chain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210101
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses and characterization of N-grafted poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: N-grafted poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTA) were synthesized from PPTA and acrylonitrile or propylene oxide via metalation in a solution of the polymer in a sodium methylsulfinylcarbanion-dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at low temperatures. The introduction of these branches into the amide groups of PPTA increased solubility but decreased thermal stability. The effects of the branches on thermal properties and solubility are discussed. The structure of the graft copolymers is described on the basis of wide-angle x-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, and solubility.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210104
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by KO2- nitrobenzene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by a potassium superoxide (KO2)-nitrobenzene system was carried out in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 25°C. The initial rate of polymerization was rapid and a high-molecular-weight polymer was obtained. The molecular weight was proportional to monomer concentration and inversely to concentration of initiator within 5 min. The overall activation energy was estimated as -2.6kcal/mol deg in the temperature range of 20-50°C. In addition to nitrobenzene anion radical, other anion radicals generated by one-electron transfer from KO2 to charge transfer agents such as m-dinitrobenzene benzoquinone, benzophenone, and naphthalene were effective in the polymerization of acrylonitrile. It is proposed that polymerization proceeds via an anionic mechanism that involves one-electron transfer from anion radicals to monomer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210108
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diaryliodonium salts as thermal initiators of cationic polymerization (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Diaryliodonium salts (I) undergo efficient thermal decomposition in the presence of copper (II) compounds. Such systems can be employed as a novel class of latent thermal initiators for cationic polymerization. An investigation of the mechanism of the reaction demonstrated that the copper (II) compound is first reduced to the corresponding copper (I) compound, which subsequently reduces the diaryliodonium salt. The cationic polymerization of some typical monomers using these new initiators was carried out to demonstrate the scope of their utility.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210111
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The formation of “inverted” core-shell latexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It has been found that when hydrophobic monomers are polymerized in the presence of highly hydrophilic polymer seed particles, the second-stage hydrophobic polymers form cores surrounded by the first-stage hydrophilic polymers, resulting in “inverted” core-shell latexes. The formation of core-shell morphology by this inversion process has been found to be dependent on the hydrophilicity and molecular weight of the first-stage hydrophilic polymers and the extent of phase separation between the two polymers involved. Particle morphology has been examined by electron microscopy, surface acid titration, alkali swelling of particles, and surface reactivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210115
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of the structure of polymeric microemulsions by proton magnetic resonance (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The structure of polymeric microemulsions, viz. toluene/water/PS-PEO graft copolymer/2-propanol, has been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Results show that at low water contents, the copolymer adopts a rather diffuse micellar structure in which the rotational mobility of the ethylene oxide units is little affected by the ternary solvent mixture. Above a critical water concentration (ca. 4%), a restriction in mobility of the ethylene oxide chains is observed which has been related to the formation of an inverse micellar structure with water solubilized within the particles. The study of the chemical shifts and linewidths of water protons indicates that initially most of the water is hydrogen bonded to the hydrophilic part of the copolymer, then is present in its free form in water aggregates. These results confirm previous data obtained by dialysis equilibrium experiments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210116
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Piezoelectric polymer films. II. Piezoelectric and pyroelectric evaluationThis work was written up under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 751-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The concept of piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in amorphous polymers is presented, with experimental results, details on sample preparation, and activity evaluation. Most evaluations were performed on 25-30 mol% tributyltin methacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymers, which possessed good piezoelectric activity, antifouling properties, and paint-formulation characteristics. Solvent-induced orientation effects that lead to piezoelectric activity in amorphous, unpoled, polymers are also described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210310
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnesium chloride-supported, high-mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization. V. BET, porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction studies (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 737-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The physical state of the material obtained during the various stages of preparation of a typical MgCl2-supported, high-mileage propylene polymerization catalyst was studied by BET, mercury porosimetry, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The starting MgCl2 and the substance after HCl treatment have negligible BET surface areas. Mercury porosimetry showed that they have large pores with radii 〉 200 nm which are probably crevices between MgCl2 crystallites. The most pronounced physical changes occur during dry porcelain ball milling in the presence of ethyl benzoate. After 60 h or more of ball milling the material had a 5.1-7.3 m2 g-1 BET surface area, twice the pore surface area, and a smaller pore radius than before ball milling and a large reduction in crystallite sizes to almost ultimate dimensions. The crystallites were probably held together by complexation with ethyl benzoate in the form of large agglomerates. Subsequent reactions with p-cresol and triethyl aluminum had minor effects in further reduction of the MgCl2 crystallite size but efficiently brokeup the agglomerates. The final refluxing with TiCl4 increased the BET surface area to 110-150 m2 g-1 but may have increased the crystallite size somewhat due to cocrystallization of TiCl3 and AlCl3 with MgCl2. There may have been only 8-10 crystallites in each catalyst particle. The surface structure of the catalyst resembled those of the classical Ziegler-Natta γ-TiCl3·0.33 AlCl3 catalyst.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210309
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of polymerizable bisphthalonitrile monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reactions of 4-aminophthalonitrile (APN) with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTDA), and with 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) have been studied to optimize the conditions for the synthesis of monomeric thermosetting bisphthalonitrile compound. Suitable procedures for the synthesis of the two monomers are presented. Elemental analyses, IR spectra, dynamic thermogravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral studies have been used to characterize these compounds. Preliminary observations show that these materials can be polymerized to give high-temperature-resistant materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210112
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of monomer composition on certain factors affecting the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This article is a report of the investigation of the influence of monomer composition within optimum limits on the light-transmitting properties of MBS terpolymers obtained by the mass-suspension method. The high and nearly constant light-transmitting properties of the MS copolymer matrix have no effect on the light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content up to about 20 mol % higher than that at the azeotropic point. The refractive index of the MS copolymers decreases uniformly as the mole ratio of MMA increases and becomes equal to the index of the SBR. Particle concentration in sizes up to 0.6μm increases as the MMA content increases to a given point at which the concentration remains constant as MMA continues to increase. The light-transmitting properties of MBS with a MMA content of 57 mol % are improved significantly. This fact is explained by a decrease in variation on the refractive index between the two phases to 0.0014 and by the increasing percentage of particles with sizes smaller than 0.6 μm up to 70%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210114
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduction of aldehydes and ketones by sodium dithionite using viologens as electron transfer catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It was found that aromatic aldehydes and ketones could be reduced smoothly at room temperature by sodium dithionite using viologen derivatives as an electron transfer catalyst to obtain the corresponding alcohols in good yields. Viologens (methyl viologen and polymer) acted catalytically and active species in the reduction were quinoid forms which were obtained by two-electron reduction of viologens.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210118
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemical electron-transfer process of polymers containing N-methylphenothiazine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 953-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: For a fundamental study of the electrochemical behavior of electroactive polymers a series of poly(3-vinyl-10-methylphenothiazine) (polyMPT), copolymers of 3-vinyl-10-methylphenothiazine and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (copolyMPT), and 3-ethyl-10-methylphenothiazine (EMPT) (a related monomer model) were prepared. The methylphenothiazine groups in these compounds showed reversible, one-electron oxidation waves in the triangular-were voltammograms. From a detailed comparison of the voltammograms between these polymers and EMPT it was revealed that the electroactive groups in poly MPT were not the “noninteracting” centers in the strict sense, whereas those in copolyMPT, in which the centers are spaced with the MMA segments, were typically noninteracting in nature; that is, in polyMPT the oxidation takes place at the potential 40 m V lower than that of EMPT and copolyMPT exhibited a wave identical to that of EMPT in shape and potential. The exhaustive electron transfer occurred from polyMPT to the electrode. On the other hand, a significant number of centers remained unoxidized in copolyMPT. The self-exchange electron transfer within the polymer coil facilitates the exhaustive oxidation. For this event the proximity of the centers was an essential factor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210404
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoconductivity and hole transport in polymers of aromatic amine-containing methacrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 969-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Substantial hole transport can be achieved in organic polymers simply by incorporating aromatic amine groups into the monomer. Hole mobilities similar to or greater than those in poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) were measured in a series of high molecular weight arylamine-substituted polymethacrylates. The hole transport in these polymers is electric-field-dependent as in PVK, varying between E and E2 within a range of 4 × 104 - ∼9 × 105 V/cm. The polymers also exhibit carrier generation in ultraviolet (UV) light in the range of absorption. Synthesis of the monomers, their polymerization, and the general properties of these polymers are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210406
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat-resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1025-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermally stable poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers were prepared with metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4‴ -phthalocyanine tetraamines, 4,4′ -diamino diphenyl ether, and 3,3′,4,4′ -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Variables such as molar concentrations of the reagents, solvents, and temperature were investigated to optimize the conditions of the polymerization. Inherent viscosity, and infrared (IR) spectral and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were done to characterize the polymers. These polymers are stable and thier decomposition temperatures both in air and nitrogen are greater than 500°C. Their char yields at 800°C in nitrogen varied between 60 and 76%, depending on the type and concentrations of the metal phthalocyanine tetraamines. These polymers can be used to produce heat-stable films, fibers, varnishes, and adhesives.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210410
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  • 16
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    Digitale Medien
    Anionic polymerization of lactones initiated by alkali graphitides. I. Polymerization of ∊-caprolactone initiated by KC24 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 923-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The influence of the reaction conditions (time, temperature, concentrations of the monomer, and the initiator) on the amount and composition of the oligomers and high molecular products formed during the heterogeneous anionic polymerization of ∊-caprolactone was investigated. The polymerization was initiated by KC24 in xylene or tetrahydrofuran. Conditions were found under which intra- and intermolecular transesterification was strongly suppressed, thus providing the opportunity for the formation of polyesters with viscometric molecular masses of more than 300,000 and good yields (80% and higher). The total quantity of products with a viscometric molecular mass below 2500 did not exceed 15%; that of the cyclic dimer was not in excess of 5%. Peculiar features of the KC24 initiated polymerization are the insignificant rise in the number of oligomers and the formation of high polymers even in strongly diluted solutions of ∊-caprolactone (0.2 mol/L and lower). The quantity and molecular mass of the polymers obtained decreased as the temperature increased. It was also established that the polymerization of the cyclic dimer of ∊-caprolactone is not initiated by KC24.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210401
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  • 17
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    Digitale Medien
    Polyaromatic ether-sulfone-ketones with fluorosubstituted p-cyclophane units as crosslinking sites (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1151-1157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polyaromatic either-sulfone-ketones containing fluoro-substituted p-cyclophane units were prepared from isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, diphenyl ether, diphenoxydiphenyl sulfone, and a small amount of 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro-[2,2]-p-cyclophane (type A) or pseudo-p-1,12,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro-[2,2]-p-cyclophane bis-acid chloride (type B) by Friedel-Crafts-type polymerization. The p-cyclophane units were incorporated as crosslinking sites. Crosslinking was achieved by curing polymers at 300-350°C for several days. The polymers obtained, containing 1-10 wt % fluoro-substituted p-cyclophane units, were moderately soluble in dichloromethane, DMF, and sulfuric acid with inherent viscosities between 0.4 and 0.6. Laminates on glass fiber were made with excellent thermal stability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210421
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  • 18
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) with various functional groups (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1289-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The esterification of the carboxyl group in copoly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid) was carried out using N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodimide to yield the activated site for the coupling reaction with amino compounds. The α-helix stability of the reactive copolymer thus obtained is remarkably affected in the presence of succinimide ring. This copolymer was proved to react nearly completely with amino alcohols such as 2-aminoethanol, 3-aminopropanol, and diethanolamine. The copoly(N5-hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine) thus prepared is insoluble in water, since the benzyl ester remains in this copolymer. The copoly(α-amino acids) having another functional group were also prepared using aminoalkylsilane. Crosslinked poly(α-amino acids) were prepared by the reaction of the reactive copolymer with a low-molecular-weight polymer of PBLG having one amino group on each end of its main chain which was obtained from the corresponding NCA using p-diaminobenzene as an initiator. Another crosslinked polymer was prepared using an alkyl diamine such as 1,6-diaminohexane or 1,12-diaminododecane as a crosslinking reagent. The crosslinked copoly(α-amino acids) bearing the activated site are able to further react with various compounds having amino groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210506
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  • 19
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    Digitale Medien
    Backbone-assisted reactions of polymers. V. Kinetics of isomerization of poly(chloromethylthiirane) and poly(3-chlorothietane) in solution (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1417-1422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reversible isomerization of poly(chloromethylthiirane) and poly(3-chlorothietane) represents a new kind of polymer reaction and a new method of copolymer synthesis. In chloroform, in dichloromethane, or in nitrobenzene the reaction is well described by reversible first-order kinetics. A rate increase of ca. 40% on changing the solvent from chloroform to nitrobenzene is consistent with an isomerization mechanism that involves a rate-determining attack of the backbone sulfur atom on the neighboring carbon-chlorine bond and rapid ring-opening of the thiiranium ion intermediate by chloride ion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210515
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  • 20
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    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of allyl esters of unsaturated acids. X. cyclopolymerization of methallyl methacrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 609-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210228
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  • 21
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    Digitale Medien
    Statistical approaches to the copolymerization equation and the steady-state assumption (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 633-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210232
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  • 22
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    Digitale Medien
    The structure of plasma-polymerized toluene: A solid-state 13C-NMR study of isotopically labeled polymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1819-1829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A detailed magic angle spinning 13C-NMR investigation of the intractable polymer prepared by plasma polymerization of toluene and isotopically labeled toluene led to a proposed model for the structure of the polymer and suggested some of the likely processes that occur in the gas phase leading to film formation. From the 13C spectra four resolved resonances permitted the determination of the contribution of nonprotonated and protonated unsaturated as well as methyl and other aliphatic carbons to the polymer structure. Specific 13C isotopic labeling of the methyl and phenyl C-1 toluene carbons in the injected liquid vapor allowed the destination of these carbons in the deposited polymer to be traced. The dominant structure is derived primarily from two precursors: benzyl radical and toluene itself. The 13C data further requires a net saturation of ca. 30% of the toluene double bonds and a net displacement of hydrogen by carbon on ca. 20% of the toluene ring carbons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210622
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metal chelates in vinyl polymerization: Kinetics and mechanism of acrylonitrile polymerization initiated by Cu(II) imine complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by Cu(II) 4-anilino 2-one [Cu(II) ANIPO] Cu(II), 4-p-toluedeno 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) TPO], and Cu(II) 4-p-nitroanilino 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) NAPO] was studied in benzene at 50 and 60°C and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol (MeOH) at 60°C. Although the polymerization proceeded in a heterogeneous phase, it followed the kinetics of a homogeneous process. The monomer exponents were ≥2 at two different temperatures and in different solvents. The square-root dependence of Rp on initiator concentration and higher monomer exponents accounted for a 1:2 complex formation between the chelate and monomer. The complex formation was shown by ultraviolet (UV) study. The activation energies, kinetics, and chain transfer constants were also evaluated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210315
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-lived polymer radicals. III.For Part II see ref. 3. Synthesis of block copolymer by the reaction of living poly(N-methylacrylamide) radical with some vinyl monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 819-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: N-Methylacrylamide (NMAAm) was polymerized quantitatively by using di-tert-butyl peroxide as photosensitizer to be, for the most part, incorporated in living poly(NMAAm) radical. The living polymer radical reacted effectively with acrylate monomers to yield block copolymer. Longer alkyl chain of the acrylate monomer caused a decrease in the conversion of the second monomer. Methacrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate, showed relatively low reactivities in comparison with acrylates. Styrene exhibited a much lower conversion. The resulting block copolymers showed different thermochromic behaviors in methyl benzoate from that of poly(NMAAm). This is explained on the basis of the difference between refractive indexes of the block copolymers and poly(NMAAm).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210317
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties of polyimide films doped with copper complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 865-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polyimide films based on either 3, 3′, 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-oxydianiline have been doped with copper(I) and copper(II) complexes. High-quality, flexible, glass-cast films have been obtained which exhibit increased softening temperatures and lower polymer decomposition temperatures. The atmosphere and glass sides of the films are quite different. The copper(I) dopant is oxidized on the air side of the film, while the glass side contains predominantly copper (I). In the copper(II) case most of the copper appears on the air side as a silvery substance in the Cu(II) state. Chemical as well as ion etching can remove this material. Electrical resistivity of the copper(II)-doped films is decreased by three to five orders of magnitude relative to the polymer alone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210321
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phenylated polyimides via bifunctional monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 883-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of two phenylated bifunctional monomers, dimethyl 4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthalate and dimethyl 4-(4-(4-(p-aminophenoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)-3,5,6-triphenylphthlate, was accomplished. Polymerization in solution or by a bulk polymerization procedure yielded a series of low molecular weight phenylated polyimides. The polymers were soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and exhibited thermal stabilities comparable to other polyimide systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210322
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anionic polymerization of lactones initiated by alkali graphitides. II. Changes in the KC24 structure during polymerization of lactones (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 937-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The structural changes in the potassium graphitide KC24 in its interaction with ∊-caprolactone, γ-butyrolactone and pivalolactone are examined by profilometric measurement and electron scanning microscopy. The interaction of KC24 with a nonpolymerizable lactone-γ-butyrolactone proceeds without delamination of the graphitide. The polymerization of ∊-caprolactone and pivalactone in the interlayer spaces of KC24 leads to destruction of the initiators structure. An increase in the temperature and monomer concentration enhances the delamination of the graphitide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210402
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of polymer colloids by chemical reactions in aerosols. I. Poly(p-tertiarybutylstyrene)Supported by NSF Grant CHE-80 13684 and the Monsanto Company. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 961-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A procedure was developed by which polymer colloids can be prepared by polymerizing aerosol droplets of monomers with an initiator in the vapor state. This work describes the formation of poly(p-tertiarybutylstyrene) particles by exposing the corresponding monomer droplets to trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. It was found that the monomer-to-initiator mass ratio is the critical factor in determining the uniformity and morphology of the particles. Under ideal conditions spheres of narrow size distribution are obtained. Otherwise porous particles or soft particles with whiskers may develop. The aerosol was prepared in a falling film generator, but other procedures for producing monomer droplets may be used.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210405
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    Processable heat-resistant polymers. XI. Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated polyamideimidesAuthor proofs received February 2, 1983 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 999-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polycondensation of the diacid chloride of 2-(3-carboxy vinyl)phenyl-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid with m-phenylenediamine and the diacid chloride of 2-(4-carboxy phenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid with 1,5-bis(3-aminophenyl)1,4-pentadien-3-one was carried out in polar solvents to produce new unsaturated polyamide-imides. The solution and the thermal, electrical, and a few other properties of the polymers were studies. The polymers were soluble in highly polar solvents. The solubility parameter of the polymers was calculated from the Small's group contribution. The polymers were fairly thermostable and underwent crosslinking creaction when heated, preferably in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The crosslinked polymers were in soluble even in highly polar solvents and possessed higher thermal stability. The swelling behavior of the polymers was studied and the molecular weight between two consecutive crosslinks was determined. X-ray diffraction and the dielectric properties of the polymers and their crosslinked products were also studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210408
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Friedel-crafts crosslinking methods for polystyrene modification. IV. Macromolecular structure of crosslinked particles (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1013-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Crosslinked polystyrene particles were prepared by Friedel-Crafts suspension crosslinking of polystyrene using 2,4-dichloromethyl-2,5-dimethyl benzene as crosslinking agent. The polymer was dissolved in nitrobenzene and reaction occurred in a 70 wt % aqueous solution of ZnCl2 with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a suspending agent. The spherical particles produced were swollen in toluene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran to determine their equilbrium polystyrene volume fraction. Analysis of the crosslinked macromolecular structure gave values of number-average molecular weight between crosslinks of M̄c = 900-5900 increasing as the nominal crosslinking ratio X decreased from 0.75 to 0.0625 mol of crosslinking agent per mole of polystyrene repeating unit. Porosimetric analysis contributed to the understanding of the importance of the pore structure for swelling behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210409
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    A kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement in olefin copolymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalystsPresented at the Macromolecular Symposium of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, July 12-16, 1982, Amherst, Massachusetts. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1065-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An efficient kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement for binary copolymerization of gaseous monomers4 that does not require the measurement of copolymer composition and can be applied to the data obtained in a single copolymerization run was modified and applied to olefin copolymerization with heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Estimated r1 and r2 values for pairs like ethylene-propylene and propylene-1-butene agree favorably with published data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210414
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redox-initiated cationic polymerization: The diaryliodonium salt/benzoin redox couple (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1097-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new redox couple based on the copper-catalyzed reduction of diaryliodonium salts with benzoins has been used to initiate cationic polymerizations of cyclic ethers and esters. A proposed mechanism for initiation by this redox couple is based on its stoichiometry and on the nature of the products. It was concluded that initiation of polymerization occurs both by direct arylation of the monomer and by protonation by strong Brønsted acids. The polymerization of several typical cationically polymerizable monomers using this new redox initiator were studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210417
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  • 33
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    Digitale Medien
    A regenerable immobilized NADH model. Reduction of α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenone by 1, 4-dihydronicotinamide anchored to macroreticular polystyrene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1125-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A regenerable dihydronicotinamide immobilized on a macroreticular polystyrene carrier was developed and used in an aqueous medium for the reduction of trifluoroacetophenone to the corresponding alcohol. It was shown that the second-order rate constant for the polymer-bound reagent is significantly lower than that of the low-molecular-weight analog 1-benzyldihydronicotinamide. The observed reaction rate, however, was of the same order of magnitude as that due to enrichment of substrate in the polymeric pores. It was possible to depress the undesired side reactions to 10-15% per reaction cycle, thereby allowing reutilization of the functionalized polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210419
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultra-fast polymerization of epoxy-acrylate resins by pulsed laser irradiation (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2451-2461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The 337.1-nm emission of a pulsed nitrogen laser was shown to initiate the crosslinking polymerization of epoxy-acrylate photoresists effectively. We evaluated the extent of curing from the amount of insoluble polymer formed and by the decrease in infrared (IR) absorption of the reactive double bond at 810 cm-1. With the large power density available in the laser pulse (0.5 MW cm-2) rates of polymerization as high as 108 mol L-1 s-1 were observed in the presence of air. Quantum yield measurements indicated that each photon absorbed can create as many as 450 crosslinks; the kinetic chain length was calculated as ca. 4000 double bonds polymerized per initiating radical. During the induction period due to oxygen inhibition each photoinitiator radical consumed 1 O2 molecule. The influence of the monomer and photoinitiator used on the sensitivity of the resin was examined; the best performing formulation contained the epoxy-acrylate oligomer, pentaerythritol triacrylate, as monomer and 2,2 dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone as photoiniatior. All the formulations studied can be cured by a single 500-kW laser pulse of 8 ns duration, provided that the irradiation is carried out in an inert atmosphere or with a focused laser beam.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210827
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gamma radiation-initiated polymerization of styrene at high pressure. III. Emulsion polymerization with anionic emulsifiers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2491-2501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Values calculated for the activation volume for chain propagation, ΔV
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210830
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and thermal analysis of some oligomeric silicon derivatives of ferroceneAuthor proofs received June 6, 1983 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2529-2534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This article reports a study of the catalytic addition reaction of ferrocene containing dihydrosilane to diacetylenic silicon derivatives. A hypothetical structure based on reaction kinetics and spectral data is presented. The oligomers obtained were studied by TG and DTA from ambient temperature to 1000°C in oxygen atmosphere (80 mL/min). The existance of phenyl groups in the structure of the oligomers makes them less stable than those with derivatives.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210833
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    The investigation of chemically crosslinked polypropylene by spin-lattice relaxation time (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1195-1201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Our previous NMR investigations of chemically crosslinked polypropylene (PP) were focused mainly on testing the relation between NMR relaxation times as a function of crosslinking compound concentrations and the influence of structural factors found by this method on mechanical and other properties of this polymer.1,2 In these investigations, however, we did not consider the state of mobility of any part of the polypropylene chain under the influence of the network; therefore in this article we have attempted a clarification of this problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210426
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  • 38
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of additives on photocrosslinking of poly(2, 3-epithiopropyl methacrylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1233-1237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210431
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of benzylidene-pendant polyphthalimidines from flexible bisphthalides and various diamines (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1241-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: New polyphthalimidine-forming monomers, 5,5′-(oxydi-p-phenylenedicarbonyl)bis(3-benzylidenephthalide) and the 6,6′-derivative, were synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of diphenyl ether with 5- and 6-chloroformyl-3-benzylidenephthalide, respectively. The direct polycondensation of these bisphthalides with both aliphatic and aromatic diamines in o-phenylphenol at 200-250°C afforded polyphthalimidines having inherent viscosities of 0.2-1.2 dL/g in almost quantitative yields. Syntheses of aliphatic polyphthalimidines with higher inherent viscosities were also achieved by a two-step procedure involving ring-opening polyaddition and subsequent thermal cyclodehydration. All the polymers were amorphous and readily soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), m-cresol, nitrobenzene, pyridine, and chloroform. Tough and flexible films could be cast from NMP solutions of the polymers. Glass transition temperatures of the polyphthalimidines were in the range of 158-246°C. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic polymers showed 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at 445-515 and 500-520°C, respectively. The crosslinking reaction of some benzylidenependant polyphthalimidines took place at 300°C through double-bond addition to afford cured polymers with improved thermal stability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210501
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  • 40
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    Digitale Medien
    Fire-resistant polyimides and copolyimides based on 1-[(dialkoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and -2,6-diaminobenzenes (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1065-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Various phosphorus-containing polyimides were prepared by the reaction of 1-[(dialkoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and -2,6-diaminobenzenes (1) with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride like pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). In addition, copolyimides that contained approximately 3% phosphorus were prepared by the reaction of 1 and m-phenylenediamine (MPD) with the aforementioned tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. Elemental analysis, inherent viscosity, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were performed to characterize the polymers. Their thermal properties were compared with those of the corresponding common polyimides. It was shown that the molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were reduced as the concentration of the phosphorus moieties increased. The fire-resistance of the copolyimides was evaluated by determining their limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. Copolyimides that contained about 3% phosphorus showed an LOI value approximately 30% higher, than the value of the corresponding common polyimides. In addition, a model diamic acid and diimide was synthesized by the reaction of 1-[di(2-chloroethoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-2,4- and - 2,6-diaminobenzene (DCEPD) with phthalic anhydride and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, proton nuclear magnetic (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. The pyrolysis behavior of the model compounds was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A direct cleavage of the P—C bond and a possible rearrangement to diisocyanates occurred during their pyrolysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220507
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    Plasma polymerization of trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic compounds (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1123-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thin film coatings were prepared by polymerizing trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic compounds in a glow discharge with low power levels and medium pressures. Smooth, continuous films which are adherent and insoluble in conventional solvents were produced. A significant amount of the fluorine content from the monomer was retained in the polymer. The trifluoromethyl group was not removed by the plasma conditions and appeared in the film as trifluoromethyl and difluoromethylene groups. The films were slightly less wettable than those of the unfluorinated films.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220512
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and conformation of asymmetric rigid polyamides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1153-1177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Asymmetric polyamides from the reaction of either optically active trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (C3) or trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (C6) with 2,7-diazaspiro[4,4]nonane(DSN) were synthesized. The possible conformations of these polymers and their model compounds in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), water, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and sulfuric acid were examined by circular dichroism (CD), NMR, viscosity, and dipole moment measurements. The racemic polyamides (±)C3·(±)DSN and (±)C6·(±)DSN exist in extended forms. No intrinsic viscosity changes were observed for these two polymers in TFE and MSA. Certain viscosity and spectral changes have been observed for the optically active polyamides, although no specific ordered conformations can be assigned. The optically active diacid units incorporated into the polymer give a conformation unique from the totally extended chain. CD studies seem to evidence some conformational differences among the polyamide derived from (+)C6 diacid and the optically active DSN. By changing the solvent from TFE to MSA a blue shift of the trough was observed for (+)C6·(±)DSN, a red shift for (+)C6·(-)DSN, and an inversion of the CD spectrum for (+)C6·(+)DSN polyamides. The results of the work with (+)C6·(-)DSN in dilute acid solution suggest that the rotation around the C-N bond is a relatively low-energy process. The spectral and intrinsic viscosity data are consistent with this suggestion. No drastic spectral changes have been observed for the C3·DSN polyamides by changing the solvent from TFE to MSA. The amide group in the C3·DSN polyamide and the corresponding model compound prefer a similar conformation with the carbonyl group bisecting the cyclopropane ring. The C3·DSN polyamide seems to exist in an extended form.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220515
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and properties of polythienylenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2617-2628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Although polymerization of 2,5-dibromothiophene via coupling of the Grignard reagent with organonickel salts was reported in two earlier communications, a detailed examination of reaction variables was not done. This report provides results from variation in the following: time, amount of magnesium, amount of iodine, dilution, and variation in the halide of the monomer. The highest yield was obtained for reactions with 1:1 molar ratio of monomer to magnesium in more concentrated solutions of tetrahydrofuran for a reaction time of 4 h. For variation in the halogen of the monomer the following yield sequence was obtained: I 〉 Br 〉 Cl. The results are compared with the corresponding benzenoid system investigated by Yamamoto. In addition, polymerization studies were carried out with other brominated thiophene monomers. Use of an organic promoter (cis-1,4-dichloro-2-butene) in place of a nickel salt proved successful in the generation of poly(2,5-thienylene).
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210902
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Photopolymerization reactions initiated by copper (II)-amino acid chelates: Investigation of the initiating species by flash photolysis. I (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1371-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Flash photolysis of copper (II)-bis(amino acid) complexes (amino acids: glutamic acid, serine, or valine) in deaerated aqueous solution produces transient species having absorption maxima at around 350 nm. The transient species are identified as copper (II)-alkyl complexes. In the case of Cu(valine)2 at pH 〉 6.5 formation of Cu(II)-alkyl complex is not observed; this is interpreted to be due to the presence of two bulky methyl groups of the coordinated valine ligand, which hinders the rearrangement. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the decay of the transients are determined at different pH with varying concentration of amino acid ligand. The free-radical species of the complexes responsible for the initiation of the vinyl polymerization reactions are identified as Cu(I)-coordinated amino acid radicals which are formed in the primary photochemical reaction of the complex. A mechanism for the secondary reactions involving the initiating species consistent with the nature of the product formed and the pH dependence of the decay of the transients is proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210512
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1401-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The results of studying the radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (MC), a new type of oligomer, are presented. These oligomers are notable for their high rates of radiation curing. The radiation yield G(-M) is 2 × 105 for MC and 2 × 104 for triethylene glycol dimethyacrylate. The polymerization rate of MC appeared to be proportional, independent of the conversion degree, to the irradiation dose rate in the power of 0.9-1.0 (for dose rates ranging from 0.4 to 15 rad/s). In regard to the temperature dependence of the polymerization rate of MC for small conversion degrees, two temperature regions with different values of effective activation energy (18-20 kcal/mol and 2 kcal/mol, respectively) were observed. When an irradiated MC sample is being unfrozen, its polymerization occus in the region of devitrification (220-240°K). As distinct from mass polymerization, in the polymerization of MC solutions in acetone and benzol the mobility of growing chains increases so that the bimolecular termination becomes possible and the limiting conversion of double bonds is derived. Rather small irradiation doses necessary for curing MC and the proportionality of the radiation-induced polymerization rate to the dose rate make these oligomers valuable for various industrial applications.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210514
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals in solution polymerization using labeled initiators (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1445-1455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The amount of in-cage and out-of-cage recombination of initiator radicals has been measured by recovering the recombination products of simultaneous decomposition of an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator. The occurrence of recombination products generated from both an unlabeled and a deuterium-labeled initiator fragment, which can be monitored in a mass spectrometer, indicate out-of-cage recombination. It turned out that in the course of decomposition of dibenzoylperoxide in benzene, biphenyl was not produced by direct recombination of the phenyl radicals originally generated, but rather by interaction with benzene. Upon decomposing azoisobutyronitrile in various solvents, however, both in-cage recombination and out-of-cage recombination were observed. When small amounts of styrene were added to such systems, the initiator radicals tended rather to react with styrene than to undergo out-of-cage recombination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210518
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cationic grafting from carbon black. II. Polymerization of styrene initiated by CO+ClO-4 group on the surface of carbon black (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1515-1524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The cationic grafting of polystyrene initiated by carbon black containing the CO+ClO-4 group was investigated. The introduction of CO+ClO-4 groups onto a carbon black surface was achieved by the reaction of AgClO4 with carbon black that contained a COCI group. The latter was introduced by the reaction of carboxyl groups with SOCl2. It was found that polystyrene chains could be grown from CO+ClO-4 groups on the surface of carbon black. Moreover, polystyrene was effectively grafted from carbon black: the grafting ratio at 20°C increased to 58% as conversion increased. Furthermore, the grafting ratio and molecular weight of ungrafted polystyrene decreased with an increase in polymerization temperature. These results were explained by the fact that the increasing temperature of the polymerization caused an increase in the rate of chain transfer reaction of the growing polymer chain to the monomer. The carbon black obtained from the reaction produced a stable colloidal dispersion in a good solvent for polystyrene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220630
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalates in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1541-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Radical polymerization of several alkyl allyl oxalates, including methyl allyl oxalate (MAO), ethyl allyl oxalate, propyl allyl oxalate, butyl allyl oxalate, and octyl allyl oxalate, was conducted in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures, and was compared with the anomalous polymerization behavior of diallyl oxalate (DAO) discussed in our earlier articleA. Matsumoto, I. Tamura, M. Yamawaki, and M. Oiwa, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 17, 1419 (1979).. The kinetic equations for the polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalate were derived following the kinetic treatment of the DAO polymerization by further consideration of the absence of cyclization of the growing polymer radical and the effective reinitiation by alkyl radical, and were then satisfactorily applied to the polymerization of MAO, as a representative alkyl allyl oxalate. The evolution of carbon dioxide in the polymerization of alkyl allyl oxalates was enhanced with the increase of bulkiness of the alkyl substituent, as a result of steric suppression of the propagation of the growing polymer radical.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220702
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoconductivity and hole transport in polymers of aromatic amine-containing methacrylates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3033-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211018
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties of polyphenylene films deposited electrochemically in an HF-benzene system (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3035-3040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Free-standing polyphenylene films, prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of benzene in an HF-benzene, two-phase system, were investigated. From electron microscope pictures, x-ray diffraction patterns, and infrared (IR) spectra of polyphenylene films and commercial polyphenylene powder it is concluded that the films, which are largely para linked, contain in addition a substantial amount of meta and possibly ortho linkages and are amorphous in nature. Doping with AsF5 increases the electrical conductivity of the otherwise insulating films to 10-4-10-2ohm-1cm-1; doped films are relatively stable in air. The lower conductivity of doped films with respect to reported values for chemically synthesized poly-p-phenylene appears to be the result of the amorphous nature of the films.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211101
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of casein-G-poly(vinyl acetate). II (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3041-3053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Poly(vinyl acetate) was graft-copolymerized onto casein in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate-ascorbic acid. The effect of synthetic variables on the rates of conversion of monomer (Rp), graft copolymerization (Rg), and homopolymerization (Rh), percent grafting, and grafting efficiency were investigated and the results, compared with the system initiated by peroxydisulfate alone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211102
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid-state polymerization studies of conjugated diacetylenes deca-2,8-diene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol and derivatives (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3073-3082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The title diacetylenic compound (D3) and its derivatives dibenzoate (D3B), dinitrobenzoate (D3mNB), ditosylate (D3PTS), and diurethane (D3PU) were synthesized and their solid-state reactivity examined under irradiation and thermal stimulation. D3, D3B, and D3PTS crystallized in reactive phases. The thermal and irradiation polymerization behavior of D3 and D3B was examined further by time-conversion curves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211105
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    Diaminobipyridine-TDI polyureas: Synthesis, metal complexes, and catalytic activity (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3115-3127 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In this article we report the synthesis of a polyurea containing the chelating ligand bipyridine and concentrate on some of the catalytic properties of its palladium complexes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211109
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermoswitching property in TCNQ salts of ionenes containing poly(ethylene oxide) segments (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3145-3153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ionene polymers characterized by the alternating structure of ionene and crystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments were prepared as a function of PEO segment size. A microstructure of these ionenes and their 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) salts were investigated with x-ray diffraction patterns, thermal scanning behavior, and polarizing micrographs. On the basis of this microstructure, the change in resistivity with temperature was studied. In Arrhenius' plots of the resistivity the simple salts in which the spherulites consisting of the PEO segments were observed showed a sharp decrease in resistivity with a rise in temperature [critical temperature resistor (CTR)] at about the melting point of the PEO segments, whereas the other simple salts in which the spherulites were not observed showed linear temperature dependence. The switching properties were confirmed similarly in repetitive heating/cooling cycles. This CTR characteristic was attributed to an increase in continuity in the conduction paths by melting spherulites. The apparent switching properties were not observed in the complex salts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211111
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reactive oligomers. I. Preparation and polymerization of ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3191-3199 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (EGBMF) was prepared as a new type of divinyl compound and reactive oligomer: a needle crystal, m.p. 104.5°C. Homopolymerization of EGBMF was carried out in dioxane with 0.1 mol/L AIBN at [M] = 1 mol/L and 60°C; the rate of polymerization was estimated to be 4.44 × 10-6 mol/L s in a good agreement with diethyl fumarate (DEF). The cyclization constant Kc was obtained as 1.64 mol/L, being rather low compared with diallyl oxalate which is 1,9-diene having two ester groups analogous to EGBMF. Gelatin occurred at about 35% conversion. Finally, the copolymerization of EGBMF (M1) with diallyl phthalate (DAP) (M2) is tentatively explored with the intention of the improvement of allyl resins in mechanical properties; remarkable rate enhancement was observed for copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were estimated to be r1 = 0.96 and r2 = 0.025, the r1 value being reduced compared with the DEF-DAP copolymerization system. These results are discussed from the standpoint of steric effect on the polymerization of fumarate as an internal olefin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211115
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of polyaryl esters by a new direct polycondensation reaction with arylsulfonyl chlorides in pyridine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3233-3239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Arylsulfonyl chlorides were successfully used as a new condensing agent for the synthesis of polyaryl esters by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols. High-molecular-weight polymers (Mw = 84,000) were prepared by reacting dicarboxylic acids with the sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine in the presence of LiCI, followed by treating with a pyridine solution of bisphenols. The polycondensation was significantly affected by factors, such as, the kind of arylsulfonyl chlorides, its amount, the conditions of initial reaction of the acids with the sulfonyl chlorides, the amounts of LiCI added, and dropwise addition of bisphenols.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211119
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct polycondensation reaction with triphenyl phosphite initiated by tertiary amine hydrochlorides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3337-3340 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211130
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of sulfur on the electrical conductivity of FEF-loaded SBR during swelling (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3353-3360 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Following a series of experiments on the effect of different factors of the electrical conductivity of carbon-black-loaded styrene butadiene rubber, an attempt was made to study the effect on electrical conduction of changing the sulfur content. It was found that an optimum sulfur content leads to a swelling-resistant composite with good electrical insulation. This was done for dry as well as wet specimens of rubber.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211201
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes in the polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by charge transfer mechanism (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3381-3388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The initiation of polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by a charge transfer complex formed between n-butylamine(nBA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 30°C is slow. The effect of the dimethylsulfoxide complexes of Rh(III) and Ru(II) on the polymerization of MMA and MA in the presence of nBA, and CCl4 in DMSO has been studied. The rate of polymerization and percent conversion of the MMA and MA at 30°C are evaluated at the critical concentration of the metal complexes. At the critical range of the metal complex concentrations, both Rp, and percent conversion of MMA and MA were found to be highest. However, above and below the critical concentrations, Rp and percent conversion of the monomers were found to decrease. A suitable mechanism for the polymerization has been proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211204
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses and polymerizations of some vinyl monomers containing nitro- or fluorophthalimides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3403-3424 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 4-Nitro-N-vinylphthalimide (4) was synthesized by two different procedures. Compound 4 was not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN. Poly(N-vinylphthalimide) (17) was prepared and partially nitrated at 10-25°C. N,N′-(1,2-Ethanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (15) and N,N′-(1,3-propanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (16) were prepared by the condensation of the corresponding diamine with phthalic anhydride followed by nitration of the condensation products. 4-Nitrophthalic anhydride was prepared by the hydrolysis of 15. Four styrene-substituted phthalimide monomers were synthesized. These include N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide (25a), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-fluorophthalimide (25b), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-nitrophthalimide (25c), and N-(4-vinylphenyl)-4-nitrophthalimide (25d). Monomers 25a and 25b were polymerized by freeradical initiator (AIBN), whereas monomers 25c and 25d were not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN due to a strong inhibitive effect exerted by the nitrophthalimide group. Monomers 25c and 25d were cationically polymerized (BF3·OEt2). Monomer 25b and styrene were copolymerized and their reactivity ratios were r1 = 1.7 and r2 = 0.55, respectively. The prepared polymers are useful as backbone polymers for grafting living anionic polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211206
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  • 61
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    Digitale Medien
    Electron-proton and electron-methyl exchanges in pyrolysis of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3453-3477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Pyrolysis of polyacetylene is marked by high yields of proton-enriched products methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, polypylene, butadiene, cyclopentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, and toluene in total amounts exceeding benzene. The activation energies for their formation are low. Polyacetylene doped with AsF5 and iodine produced these products in even higher yields of two to 17 times of undoped polymers. The dominant mechanism is thought to be random-chain scission followed by electron-proton exchange reactions. Polymethylacetylene is thermally less stable than polyacetylene. Pyrolysis gave mesitylene as the expected main product. However, as in the case of polyacetylene, large amounts of proton-enriched products were formed with moderate activation energies. (The yields of methane, propylene, and propane are nearly the same in the pyrolysis of polymethylacetylene as compared to that of polyacetylene at 923°K referenced to mesitylene and benzene, respectively.) By analogy, mechanisms involving both electron-proton and electron-methyl exchange reactions were proposed to account for the formation of all the pyrolyzates of polymethylacetylene. These reactions, not observed in the pyrolysis of polypropylene and polyisoprene, are attributable to the conjugated backbone permitting facile migrations of electrons, protons, and methyl groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211209
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Head-to-head vinyl polymers. XI. Preparation and characterization of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) consisting of head-to-head and head-to-tail units through cyclopolymerization of acrylic and methacrylic anhydrides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3503-3515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Acrylic anhydride (AAn) and methacrylic anhydride (MAAn) were polymerized with radical initiator in polar solvents at high temperatures. The polymers obtained were found to consist of five-and six-membered ring structures by comparing IR spectra of the polymers with those of model compounds, succinic anhydride, and glutaric anhydride. Hydrolysis and methylation of the polymers gave new polymers composed of head-to-head (HH) and head-to-tail (HT) methyl acrylate (MA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) units. The content of HH unit of these HH/HT polymers was determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The softening, glass transition, and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MA) with HH and HT units were found to somewhat increase with increasing of the content of the HH units. On the other hand, the glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures of the poly(MMA) with HH and HT units increased similarly, but the softening temperature decreased as the content of the HH units increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211212
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The synthesis of poly(styrene-co-sodium styrene-p-carboxylate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3563-3571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This article describes a technique for the homogeneous lithiation and subsequent carboxylation of high-molecular-weight polystyrenes containing up to 14 mol % p-bromostyrene. Thus, poly(styrene-co-p-bromostyrene)s were reacted in dilute tetrahydrofuran solution with large stoichiometric excesses of n-butyllithium with no precipitation of ionomer and subsequently carboxylated with anhydrous carbon dioxide or dry ice. By this technique polystyrenes in which up to 100% of the original bromine groups had been replaced by carboxyl functionalities were obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211217
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoresponsive crown ethers. 10. Metal complexation by light-switched crown ethers immobilized in polymer matricesPreliminary communication: S. Shinkai, H. Kinda, and O. Manabe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 2933 (1982). (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3525-3539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The crosslinked polystyrene beads which immobilized two terminal azophenoxide groups of an azobenzene-crown(24-crown-8)-azobenzene unit were synthesized. The polymer beads adsorbed Cs+ in the dark while they rapidly released Cs+ into the solution under UV-light irradiation, and the photoresponsive complexation occurred reversibly. On the other hand, the crosslinked polystyrene beads which immobilized one terminal azophenoxide group of an azobenzene-crown (24-crown-8) unit scarcely (or only to a smaller extent) exhibited such a photoresponsive behavior. Similarly, the polymer beads which immobilized two terminal azophenoxide groups of an azobenzene-crown (18-crown-6) azobenzene unit reversibly adsorbed and desorbed K+ in response to UV-light irradiation. The novel photoresponsive behavior is ascribed to a conformational distortion of the crown rings which induced by the photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, although the photoinduced polarity change of the polymer beads is not completely ruled out. The results suggest that the polymer support is useful as a “fixed point” to enforce the conformational changes of immobilized functional molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211214
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of polymers containing pyridinium ylide and iminopyridinium ylide structure (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3597-3600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211220
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers). XXX. Synthesis and quantitative terminal functionalization of α,ω-diarylpolyisobutylenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3573-3590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Novel aromatic-telechelic polyisobutylenes were prepared and characterized: α,ω-diphenylpolyisobutylene, α-phenyl-ω-tolylpolyisobutylene, and α,ωditolylpolyisobutylene. The syntheses involved the preparation of asymmetric telechelic prepolymers (α-phenyl-ω-tert-chloropolyisobutylene and α-tolyl-ω-tert-chloropolyisobutylene) by the minifer method and quantitative alkylation of benzene and toluene by the prepolymer. The terminal aromatic rings of these telechelic polyisobutylenes were quantitatively nitrated, acetylated, and chlorosulfonated and a series of further novel telechelic products was obtained. Characterization of these derivatives provided additional proof for the telechelic structure of the starting prepolymers. The quantitative reduction of nitroaryl-telechelic polyisobutylene by SnCl2/HCl led to aminoaryl-telechelic polyisobutylene which was used to cure bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether. These new flexible epoxy networks exhibited outstanding heat and hydrolytic stability combined with satisfactory mechanical properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211218
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma polymerization. XI. A comparison of the plasma polymerization of the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 17-28 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Plasma polymers synthesized by inductively coupled RF techniques have been investigated as a function of operating parameters for the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine). A combination of ESCA and microanalytical studies shows that plasma polymers are produced by rearrangement mechanisms: the C/F and C/N stoichiometric ratios are similar to those of the starting monomers over a range of operating parameters. A comparison of rates of formation of plasma polymer films reveals distinctive differences between the isomeric diazines that suggest that equilibration of valence isomers occurs on a substantially slower time scale than for isomeric fluorinated benzenes5-9 which, in general, polymerize at essentially the same rates. In contrast to the remarkably low critical surface tension of plasma polymers based on perfluorobenzenes (ca. 20 dynes cm-2), the plasma polymer films from the perfluorinated diazines which are initially hydrophobic become hydrophilic in contact with water droplets. This is attributed to the hydrolytic instability of films associated with the labilizing influence of nitrogen on nucleophilic displacement of fluoride which is a feature of the chemistry of monomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220102
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water-soluble copolymers. VII. Cerium (IV) induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate onto dextran (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Studies were conducted on grafting of acrylamide (AM) and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (NaAMPS) comonomers onto dextran utilizing Ce(IV) induced initiation. The effects of reaction temperature, the Ce(IV)/dextran ratio, and the AM/NaAMPS ratio on grafting yield were investigated. The graft copolymerization behavior can be explained by exchange of the AMPS anion with one of the ligands on the Ce(IV) initiator. Oxidative modification of the dextran substrate improved the yield of graft copolymer. The dextran-g-poly(acrylamido-co-sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) samples prepared by this method were characterized as to copolymer composition and molecular weight utilizing elemental analysis, dilute solution viscometry, and aqueous size exclusion chromatography. Relationships of molecular weight and charge density to kinematic viscosity and salt sensitivity are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220105
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoinitiation of cationic polymerization. III. Photosensitization of diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium saltsFor Part II, see ref. 1. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 77-84 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photoinitiated cationic polymerization by photosensitization of diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium salts is shown to proceed by two distinct electron transfer process: (1) direct electron transfer from excited-state photosensitizers and (2) indirect electron transfer from photogenerated radicals. The efficiency of the former process is attributed to the instability of the reduction products (from diphenyliodonium and triphenylsulfonium salts), which dissociate in competition with undergoing energy-wastage reverse electron transfer. Amplification of photons in the production of protons (or other reactive cations) is postulated to account for the high quantum yields observed in the latter process. Potential advantages of utilizing the indirect redox process in the design of UV curable hybrid systems, which contain functionality for both radical and cationic polymerization, are noted. The results also provide evidence against the importance of triplet states of the onium salts in photoinitiator activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220108
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attempted polymerization of substituted pipecolic acid NCA's: Dimerization and mechanism (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 107-120 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Racemic and optically active N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA)s of 2-methyl- and cis-6-methylpipecolic acid, when subjected to polymerization conditions in solution or in bulk whether with “weak” or “strong” base initiators, resisted polymerization under all conditions tried. Instead, the NCA of 2-methylpipecolic acid gave the corresponding cyclic dipeptide and the NCA of cis-6-methylpipecolic acid formed the cyclic dipeptide derived from trans-6-methylpipecolic acid. The mechanism of dimerization of these NCA's was investigated. Evidence was provided for the proposed mechanism in which the active moiety is not a carbamate ion but an amino group. Methyl 2-methylpipecolate underwent an intermolecular SN2-type reaction upon heating, yielding equimolar quantities of methyl N-methyl-2-methylpipecolate and 2-methylpipecolic acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220111
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  • 71
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    Digitale Medien
    The effect of organic nitriles on the radiation induced polymerization of styrene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 135-144 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of a range of 10 organic nitriles on the radiation-induced polymerization of styrene was studied. A dose rate of 4.4 rad s-1 was used. A rate of polymerization of styrene (1.744 mol L-1 of toluene solution) of 5.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 s-1 was found. With organic nitriles present (styrene:nitrile ratio of 1:0.28) the rate of polymerization increased. Rates in the range of 5.5 × 10-7 -5.2 × 10-6 mol L-1 s-1, depending on the nitrile present, were obtained. The polymers were partially characterized and evidence of involvement of each of the nitriles in the polymer chains was revealed. The increase in rate of polymerization has been attributed to the part played by nitrile radicals in the initiation of styrene polymerization. Radical yield values [as G(nitrile radical)] were derived from the relevant rate expressions. Values ranged from 2.7 to 49.5, depending on the particular nitrile. Corresponding values of G(nitrile radical) in the range of 5.1-129.4 were obtained by the manipulation of number-average molar mass data. Values of kpkt of approximately 2 × 10-5 L mol-1 s-1 were found. Trommsdorff types of effect are absent from these systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220114
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  • 72
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    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and polymerization of thyroxine methacrylate monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1997-2001 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thyroxine methyl ester amides of mono-, di-, and tri-glycyl methacrylates have been prepared. Water-soluble polymers formed from thyroxine methacrylate monomers by free-radical copolymerization with acrylamide had molecular weights of (2-4) × 104 (by viscometry). A fluorescent polymer was prepared by copolymerization with a fluorescein methacrylate monomer. Similarly, a polymeric thyroxine material was prepared with amine functionality by copolymerization with N-3-aminopropylmethacrylamide. These polymers may have interesting biological and immunochemical properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210710
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  • 73
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    Digitale Medien
    Radiolysis of resist polymers. IV. Poly(p-substituted-α-methylstyrene)s (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 213-223 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of parasubstituents on the radiation chemistry of poly(α-methylstyrene) (PMS) was compared for the fluoro (PFMS), chloro (PCMS), bromo (PBMS), isopropyl (PiPMS), and methoxy (PMeOM) derivatives. Radiolysis yields, ESR spectra, and GC—MS analysis of products were obtained. PMS and PFMS have similar low radiolysis yields, products, and product distributions. Only main-chain radicals which persist to 200° were observed. PCMS has increased values of Gs, Gx, and Gr. The product analysis results suggest that the presence of chlorine contributes to the primary process by dissociative electron capture and enhances the cleavage of α-methyl group. Irradiation of PBMS caused crosslinking and yielded few volatile products. PMeOMS and PiPMS gel readily by γ-irradiation and may be useful as negative radiation resists.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220120
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organosilane polymers: Formable copolymers that contain methyl(β-phenethyl)silylene or cyclohexyl(methyl)silylene units (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High molecular weight polysilane copolymers which contain the units in the title were prepared in high yield by sodium coupling the corresponding organodichlorosilanes in toluene. These copolymers are highly soluble in common solvents and can be drawn into fibers or formed into films by molding or casting. They are also photoactive.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220121
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of N-substituents of hindered amine on photo-oxidation of polypropylene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 277-281 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220126
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Mössbauer study of polymers prepared from polyvinylpyridine and ferric chloride or ferric nitrate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 303-318 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Iron-ion-containing polymers were prepared by reacting atactic polyvinylpyridine with ferric chloride or ferric nitrate in methanol solution. Molar ratios of Fe3+ to 4-vinylpyridine (Fe:PVP) were 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20. Three kinds of iron center were characterized from 57Fe Mössbauer spectra recorded over a temperature range of 4.2-290 K. Infrared (IR) spectra of the samples were measured also. All samples contained amorphous hydrated ferric-oxide particles that exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The size of the clusters (102-103 iron atoms per particle) was estimated from the average blocking temperatures TBav, which is sensitive to the Fe:PVP ratio. For FeCl3:PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20 TBav was 37, 10, and 〈4 K, respectively. A small proportion (〈10%) of high-spin ferrous iron centers was found in most samples. A third type of signal attributable to oxygen-bridged ferric dimers was found in FeCl3-PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2 or 1:6 but not in Fe(No3)3-PVP samples. This species is probably [Cl3Fe—O—FeCl3]2-. Interactions between the polymer and the various iron centers were weak.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220203
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  • 77
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 341-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Five general routes for the preparation of polyoxyethylene [generally referred to as poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG] derivatives are described. These routes are (1) nucleophilic displacements with the alkoxide of PEG, (2) nucleophilic displacement on PEG-tosylate, -mesylate, or -bromide, (3) reductive amination of PEG-aldehyde, (4) reductive amination of PEG-amine, and (5) nucleophilic displacements on the s-triazine derivatives prepared from s-triazine trichloride (cyanuric chloride) and PEG. Eighteen derivatives are prepared and potential applications to catalysis, cell purifications, and other areas are discussed briefly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220207
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  • 78
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    Digitale Medien
    Solid-state polymerization of butadienes. Polymerization of salts of 6-amino-2,4-trans,trans-hexadienoic acid (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 391-406 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The polymerization of 6-amino-2,4-trans,trans-hexadienoic acid and various of its salts was studied in the solid state. Crystals of the hydrochloride and organic inorganic double halides with cadmium chloride, manganese (II) chloride, and iron(II) chloride were found to polymerize rapidly upon UV or γ irradiation. An erythro-diisotactic polymer is obtained in the form of extended chain crystals. The polymer behaves as an amphoteric polyelectrolyte. The kinetics and the mechanism of the polymerization as well as morphological changes during the solid state reaction are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220211
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  • 79
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    Digitale Medien
    ESCA and contact-angle studies of the surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film: Photooxidation and aging (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: ESCA and contact-angle (H2O and CH2I2) measurements are used to follow changes in the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film photooxidized (254 nm radiation in O2) for varying times, followed by aging for as many as three weeks or washing with water. Photooxidation occurs uniformly throughout the outermost 50 Å of the film to give a surface stoichiometry that corresponds to C10O6.6. Oxidation produces mainly carboxyl (acid) and alcohol/phenol groups, carbonyls form after extensive treatment. Low molecular weight products formed by chain scission and oxidation are removed by washing and diffuse into the bulk when aged. Oxidized products in higher molecular weight chains are not removed by washing, but can diffuse into the polymer bulk or reorient because of their chain mobility; therefore they are directed toward the polymer bulk rather than the surface. Extended photooxidation produces a stable oxidized surface more resistant to aging changes. The results are compared with those obtained for poly(ethylene terephthalate) film oxidized in an electrical discharge.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220213
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  • 80
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    Digitale Medien
    Radical polymerization behavior of N,N-disubstituted acrylamide: Absolute rate constants for polymerization and copolymerization of N-acryloylpiperidine (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The absolute rate constants of propagation (kp) and of termination (kt) of N-acryloylpiperidine (NAPi) were determined by the rotating sector method in bulk; kp = 273 and kt = 1.79 × 107 L/mol s at 30°C. It was noted that kp for NAPi was 100 times smaller than that for N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAcAm). The absolute rate constants of cross-propagations for copolymerizations with common monomers were evaluated by combination of the kp value and the monomer reactivity ratios. Quantitative comparison of the rate constants with those of DMAcAm and poly(DMAcAm) radical shows that NAPi is as reactive as DMAcAm and the smaller kp value for NAPi is ascribable to much the lower reactivity of the poly(NAPi) radical. The large difference in reactivity of the polymer radicals is discussed in relation to the steric factor of the piperadino and the dimethylamino groups which seems to affect the capability of the carboxamide group to stabilize the polymer radical.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220217
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preirradiation grafting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) films (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 493-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Preirradiation grafting of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films was investigated. The influence of grafting parameters such as preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, and grafting temperature on the rate and grafting yield was studied. Different solvents were used for diluting the monomer and it was found that the aqueous monomer solution at a concentration of 80 wt% was suitable for this grafting system. However, the graft polymerization of NVP in benzene terminated within a short time without significant grafting yield. The dependence of the grafting rate on preirradiation dose and monomer concentration was 1.2 and 1.07 order, respectively, for grafting onto PTFE films and 1.1 and 1.2 order, respectively, for grafting onto FEP films. Arrhenius plots for grafting onto PTFE films showed a breaking point at ca. 35°C and the overall activation energies were calculated as 23.6 and 9.0 Kcal/mol below and above 35°C, respectively. For grafting onto FEP films, however, no break was observed in the Arrhenius plots; the overall activation energy was 11.9 Kcal/mol. The swelling behavior and electric resistance of the grafted materials were investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220219
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of PVCs obtained by controlled chemical dehydrochlorination (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2177-2188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)s (PVCs) containing increased concentrations of allylic chlorines, PVC(A)s, prepared by controlled chemical dehydrochlorination with potassium-t-butoxide (t-BuOK) have been studied. The introduction of small amounts of internal allylic chlorines into PVC significantly decreases the thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the resin. A linear relationship exists between the initial rates (VHCl)0 of thermal and thermooxidative dehydrochlorination of solid PVC(A)s and the concentration S of internal allylic chlorines. Both the slope and the intercept of the thermo-oxidative (VHCl)0 vs. S plot are higher in oxygen than those obtained in nitrogen at the same temperature; this finding is attributed to fast oxidation of polyenes, and to peroxy radicals formed during polyene oxidation, which initiate subsequent HCl loss by attacking normal repeat units in PVC. The extent of HCl loss as a function of time during thermal degradation of PVC(A)s in intert solvent shows a rapid initial phase followed by a slower stationary phase. The first phase is due to dehydrochlorination involving the labile chlorines, while the stationary phase indicates random initiation of HCl loss at normal—CH2—CHCl— repeat units. Initial rates of HCl loss increase with S, while the rates of HCl loss during the stationary phase are independent of S. The rate constant of initiation of HCl loss at internal allylic chlorines is almost four orders of magnitude higher than that of random initiation; however, the former is still orders of magnitude lower than that of chain propagation. Quantitative analysis of UV-visible spectra of PVC(A)s degraded in solution suggests geometric polyene distribution. The average length of polyenes decreases as the extent of HCl loss increases and reaches a constant value of ca. 3 at ca. 1% HCl loss for all the investigated PVC(A) samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210802
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of polystyrene labeled with amino groups at specific sitesNCRR No. 21151. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2237-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The preparation of monodisperse polystyrene substituted with single dimethylamino groups is described. Three methods are adopted. The first involves the use of a dimethylamino-substituted initiator to give an end amino group. The second uses an ester coupling reaction with a dimethylamino-substituted methyl valeric ester to give a central amino substituent. The third method, which is capable of giving an amino substituent at any selected place along the chain, uses a dimethyl-amino-substituted butadiene derivative as a comonomer in a sequential polymerization. This latter method takes advantage of the unusual reactivity ratios of styrene and dienes in anionic copolymerization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210808
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid-crystalline copolyesters based on poly(p-oxybenzoate) and poly(p,p-biphenylene terephthalate) (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2249-2259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two copolymers composed of p-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) and biphenylene terephthalate (BPT) with PHB/BPT ratios of 1/2 and 2/1 were characterized with respect to their tendency to exhibit liquid-crystalline behavior in the melt phase. The BPT -rich copolyester, PHB/BPT = 1/2, displayed a birefringent melt phase of very high viscosity and no tendency to crystallize on cooling. The resulting fused material exhibited what apeared to be a second-order transition at 170°C. The PHB-rich composition, PHB/BPT = 2/1, also exhibited a highly birefringent melt phase of high viscosity which was quite shear sensitive. This polymer melt had little tendency to crystallize on cooling; however, on reheating no apparent second-order transition could be detected. The observed phase changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, hot-stage microscopy, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction techniques. Additional data, pertaining to the compositional nature and apparent sequence distribution, were obtained by 13C-NMR spectroscopy of the solid materials through magic-angle spinning, dipolar decoupling, and cross-polarization techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210810
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of polyesters derived from aromatic 1,4-dimethoxylated diacids (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2277-2281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polyesters were synthesized from the dichlorides of 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalic and 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzenediacetic with dialcohols. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Their intrinsic viscosity, glass transition temperature, and thermal decomposition were determined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210813
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of certain aromatic polyfumaramides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2301-2309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ten polyfumaramides based on p,p′-aromatic diamines and fumaric acid were synthesized by the phosphorylation method. The polymers were characterized by viscosity, solubility, infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The fluorescence spectra of one of the polymers were studied. A model compound, fumaroyldianilide, was synthesized and characterized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210816
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparisons of glow discharge polymerization between hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylsilyldimethylamine (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2335-2343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Glow discharge polymerization between hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) and trimethylsilyldimethylamine (TMSDMA) was compared by means of infrared spectroscopy and ESCA analysis. Infrared spectra pointed out differences in chemical structure between the polymers prepared from the two monomers, although the two polymers were mainly composed of resembling units such as Si—CH3, Si—CH2, Si—H, Si—O—Si, and Si—O—C groups: (i) The polymers prepared from TMSDMA contained N → O group, but the polymers from HMDSZ did not contain this group. (ii) Influences of the W/FM parameter (W is the input energy of rf power, F the flow rate of the monomer, and M the molecular weight of the monomer) appeared on decreasing the C—N group and increasing the C=O group in the TMSDMA system, but little influence appeared in the HMDSZ system. ESCA spectra (C1s, Si2p, and N1s core levels) supported the differences between the two polymers elucidated by infrared spectroscopy, and pointed out differences in susceptibility of the Si—N bond to plasma: The N—Si sequence of TMSDMA was completely ruptured in discharge to yield polymers, and the Si—NH—Si sequence of HMDSZ remained in considerable amount.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210819
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linear polythioesters. VII.For VI of this series, see ref. 5. Products of interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with some aliphatic acid dichlorides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1025-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several polythioesters by interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with oxalyl, succinyl, adipoyl, suberoyl, and sebacoyl chlorides were obtained. To determine the optimal conditions for interfacial polycondensation, the influence of the following factors on yield and value of reduced viscosity were studied: type of organic phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor, the quantitative ratio of aqueous to organic phase, molar ratio of reagents; temperature of reaction, rate of acid chloride addition, and contribution of catalyst. Thorough studies were carried out only for polycondensation of the dithiol with adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides. The structure of all polythioesters obtained under the model conditions was determined by elementary analysis and infrared spectra. Initial decomposition temperature, mass loss in percentage at the same temperature, maximum rate of decomposition, and mass loss percentage at 100-400°C were defined by thermogravimetric analyses. Chemical resistance of the polythioesters was determined by treatment with some organic solvents, mineral acids (concentrated and 10%), and sodium hydroxide (10 and 50%). Some mechanical and electrical properties of the polythioesters obtained from dithiol and adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides were determined. The molecular weight was not measured because of the low solubility of the polythioesters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220503
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide (exo-3,4,5-trithia-tricyclo[5.2.1.02.6]decane)Presented in part at the Fifth International Microsymposium, “Advances in Ionic Polymerization,” Prague, July 1982. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide initiated with sodium thiophenoxide (sodium cation solvated with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether) was studied. Polymers with high molecular weights were obtained (Mn up to 105, osmometrically). Molecular weights calculated for living polymerization conditions (i.e., one molecule of initiator yields one macromolecule) agree well with Mn measured by osmometry. 1H-NMR, 13C-{1H}-NMR, and Raman spectra of the polymer are given. Thermodynamics of polymerization in toluene solvent is described. Enthalpy ΔHss = -(1.39 ± 0.17) kcal mol-1 and entropy ΔSss = -(7.52 ± 0.55) cal mol-1 deg-1 coefficients of polymerization were evaluated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration determined dilatometrically.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220509
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire- and heat-resistant polymer based on maleimido-substituted 2,2-bis(anilino)-4,4,6,6-tetrakis-(4-aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1141-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A fire- and heat-resistant polymer was obtained by the thermal polymerization of bismaleimido-substituted 2,2-bis(anilino)-4,4,6,6-tetrakis-(4-Aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene. The thermal stabilities of the polymer were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis. This polymer was stable to 345°C and had char yields of 78% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 71% at 700°C in air. The structures of cyclotriphosphazene precursors and the polymer were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220514
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene by a oxosulfonium ylide (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1187-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220517
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal transitions of poly(3,3-dimethylthietane) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1197-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220520
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase-transfer reactions catalyzed by phosphonium salts bound to macroporous polystyrene supports (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1243-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The rate of reaction of alkyl halides with aqueous sodium acetate or cyanide catalyzed by phosphonium salts supported on insoluble polystyrene resins, and rates of ion-exchange of the chloride ion in the catalysts against the acetate ion, were studied as a function of catalyst particle size, the percentage of ring substitution, the morphology of polymer support, and distance between active site and polymer backbone. Rates of 1-bromooctane or benzyl chloride with macroporous, 7-25% ring-substituted catalysts increased with increasing ring substitution. Rates with macroporous catalysts increased as a heptamethylene spacer was introduced between the active site and the polymer backbone. Rates of ion-exchange with macroporous catalysts were facilitated with increasing ring substitution or by the introduction of the spacer chain. A relation between the catalytic activity of macroporous or microporous catalysts and ion-exchange rates under triphase conditions was discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220604
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Living reversible anonic polymerization of N,N-diethylamine-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1251-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polymerization of the cyclic amide of PIII is described for the first time. The N,N-diethylamine-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan was shown to give living reversible polymerization with anionic initiators. Lithium and sodium derivatives were found to be inactive. 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR indicated that the polymer strictly reflects the monomer structure and is formed without any isomerization, the polymer chain being $\rlap{--} ({\rm OP}\left( {{\rm NR}_{\rm 2} } \right){\rm O(CH}_{\rm 2} \rlap{--} )_3 )_n $. Initiation involves attack of the anion on the P atom. From the dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration on temeprature ΔH1s = 1.5 ± 0.2 kcal·mol-1 and ΔS1s = 4.6 ± 0.6 cal·mol-1·°K-1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220605
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction of α-poly-L-lysine and ε-poly-L-lysine with methyl orange and its homologs in aqueous solution: Results from dialysis and spectroscopic measurements (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1281-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The interaction of α-poly-L-lysine and ε-poly-L-lysine with methyl and ethyl orange was studied by equilibrium dialysis and spectroscopic methods. The results of the dialysis measurements indicated that the extent of binding by ε-polypeptide is substantially higher than that by α-polypeptide, despite the much greater molecular weight of the latter. This difference in binding affinity was interpreted in terms of the increased conformational adaptability of ε-polypeptide because of its highly flexible structure. Furthermore, ε-polypeptide exhibited strong cooperative binding. In addition, the effect of the successive addition of α- and ε-polypeptides on the absorption spectra of methyl and ethyl orange was investigated. The addition of α-polypeptide with a molecular weight of 400,000 produced a new absorption peak at a shorter wavelength, due to the stacked dye molecules on the polypeptide chain, whereas that of ε-polypeptide did not. From the results of spectroscopic measurements a possible mode of interaction between these two polypeptides and the small molecule is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220608
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Graft polymerization of acrylic monomers onto starch fractions. III. Effect of carbohydrate structurePresented in part at the Macro '83, 29 Symposium of IUPAC. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1327-1333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Grafted PMMA was isolated by the acid hydrolysis method. Weight-average and number-average molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The number-average molecular weight of the grafted chains was about 475,000 for amylopectin and 403,000 for amylose. The number of grafted chains (mmol) ranged from 2.4 × 10-3 to 4.6 × 10-3 for amylopectin graft copolymers and from 2.9 × 10-3 to 6.8 × 10-3 for those of amylose. These results were related to others obtained from ceric ion consumption studies. The values suggest that amylopectin, because of its complex structure, favors a higher consumption of ceric ion in homopolymerization reactions and inhibits the initiation reactions of the copolymerization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220613
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of core-shell latex particles (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1365-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The progressive dissolution of carboxylated latex particles with increasing pH was utilized to investigate the internal structure of core-shell latex particles, in comparison with that of copolymeric latex particles formed from the same monomers. The results indicated that in those latex particles which are formed when ethyl acrylate (EA) -methacrylic acid (MAA) or methyl acrylate (MA) -MAA mixture is polymerized in the presence of poly(MA-MAA) or poly(EA-MAA) seeds the shell is composed of the more hydrophilic poly(MA-MAA) molecules relatively high in MAA content and the core is composed of both poly(MA-MAA) and poly(EA-MAA) molecules, regardless of the order of the stage feed, while the copolymeric latex particles are relatively uniform from surface to center in distribution of all components except MAA. Examination of the distribution of the carboxylic groups in all of the latex particles showed their concentration to be highest at the surface and to decrease with proximity to the center in accordance with other findings reported in the literature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220617
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emulsion polymerization of styrene. III. Effect of Ti(III) and Cl(1) on the polymerization of styrene initiated by potassium persulfate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1409-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The emulsion polymerization of styrene initiated by potassium persulfate catalyzed by Ti+3 ions was studied. Two sources of Ti+3 ions were used: the titanium trichloride and titanium sulfate. It was found that the titanium ions used in conjunction with potassium persulfate decrease both the reaction rate and the average molecular weight. An even greater drop of reaction rate was noted when chlorine anions (TiCl3) were present. The presence of these ions had a stabilizing effect on the polydispersity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220621
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass spectroscopy of epoxylated novolac resin cured with phthalocyanine tetraamines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1471-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Mass spectroscopy was done at different temperatures on epoxylated novolac resin DEN 438 (Dow Chemical Co.) alone, and after curing with various metal(II) phthalocyanine tetraamines (MPTA). Possible modes of fragmentation are given to explain the experimental results. Gas-chromatographic/mass-spectroscopic (GC-MS) analyses of MPTA derivatives indicated the presence of only trace quantities of benzene, aniline, cyanobenzene, and orthodicyanobenzene. The GC-MS studies of the cured DEN 438 epoxy resins indicated that the mechanisms of thermal degradation are qualitatively similar, and some common features were observed in their fragmentation in an electron beam and by thermal degradation. This study is a further assessment of the utility of these phthalocyanine derivatives for curing epoxy resins to produce heat-resistant polymer systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220625
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vinyl polymerization. 422. Initiation mechanism of uncatalyzed polymerization by polyethyleneglycol (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1507-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The initiation mechanism on the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers by polyethyleneglycol (PEG-300) in aqueous solution was studied. The initiating radical species were determined by means of the spin trapping technique. They were concluded to be generated by the hydrogen atom transfer from the monomer adsorbed at the ether group of PEG-300 to the free monomer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220629
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