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  • Chemistry  (13,484)
  • Physics  (1,093)
  • 1980-1984  (14,577)
  • 1984  (7,317)
  • 1983  (7,260)
  • 1
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    Mathematical and conceptual foundations of 20th-century physics (1984)
    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland Pub. Co
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 530.1 ; LC QC20 ; Mathematical physics ; Physics ; Quantum theory ; Relativity (Physics)
    ISBN: 9780444875853
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=03040208&volume=100
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Phase transition and crystal structure of the 37 degrees C form of cholesterol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Crystalline cholesterol undergoes a phase transition a few degrees below human body temperature. The high-temperature form has an unusually complex structure with 16 independent molecules. In the transition two molecules change side chain conformation, four reorient about their long axes, and ten remain unchanged. The transition mechanism implies relatively nonspecific intermolecular interactions, qualitatively consistent with the behavior of cholesterol in biomembranes. The transition preserves a remarkably closely obeyed pseudosymmetry present in the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, L Y -- Nordman, C E -- GM15259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):604-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cholesterol ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Cytochrome a3 structure in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: The iron-carbon monoxide stretching mode and the iron-carbon-oxygen bending mode in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase have been assigned at 520 and 578 cm-1, respectively. The frequencies, widths, and intensities of these modes show that the Fe-C-O grouping in carbon monoxide-cytochrome a3 is linear but tilted from the normal to the heme plane; that the iron-histidine bond in both five- and six-coordinate cytochrome a3 is strained; and that the carbon monoxide and the proximal histidine each have characteristic, well-defined orientations in all molecules. These data can account for the binding affinities of carbon monoxide and dioxygen under physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Argade, P V -- Ching, Y C -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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  • 4
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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  • 5
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    Amphiphilic secondary structure: design of peptide hormones (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 6
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    Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, M L -- Rempel, D L -- 2-8423576/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):261-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Fourier Analysis ; Ions ; Lasers ; *Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods
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  • 7
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    Studying enzyme mechanism by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their structures rigorously assigned.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, N E -- Malthouse, J P -- Scott, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):883-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Freezing ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Papain/metabolism ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pterins/metabolism ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases
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  • 8
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    What is the risk from chlorofluorocarbons? (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; Free Radicals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; *Ozone ; Photochemistry ; Risk ; Singlet Oxygen ; Trichloroethanes ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 9
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    Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meuzelaar, H L -- Windig, W -- Harper, A M -- Huff, S M -- McClennen, W H -- Richards, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):268-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coal ; Enterobacteriaceae/analysis/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Polymers
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  • 10
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    Lariat RNA's as intermediates and products in the splicing of messenger RNA precursors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro proceeds through an intermediate that has the 5' end of the intervening sequence joined to a site near the 3' splice site. This lariat structure, which has been characterized for an adenovirus 2 major late transcript, has a branch point, with 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds emanating from a single adenosine residue. The excised intervening sequence retains the branch site and terminates in a guanosine residue with a 3' hydroxyl group. The phosphate group at the splice junction between the two exons originates from the 3' splice site at the precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padgett, R A -- Konarska, M M -- Grabowski, P J -- Hardy, S F -- Sharp, P A -- P01-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM32467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 11
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    beta-Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. beta-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that beta-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, beta-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, G W -- Ingold, K U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Carotenoids/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Peroxides/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/metabolism ; beta Carotene
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  • 12
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    Bromine residue at hydrophilic region influences biological activity of aplysiatoxin, a tumor promoter (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, which are isolated from the seaweed, Lyngbya gracilis, differ in their chemical structure only by the presence or absence of a bromine residue in the hydrophilic region. The function and the structure-activity relation of the hydrophilic region are not known. Aplysiatoxin increased malignant transformation, stimulated DNA synthesis, and inhibited the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor to cell receptors. Debromoaplysiatoxin inhibited the binding of these two substances as strongly as aplysiatoxin but did not increase malignant transformation or stimulate DNA synthesis. These results indicate that a slight change in the chemical structure of the hydrophilic region of aplysiatoxin affects its abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis and that the abilities of the tumor promoters to inhibit the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor are dissociable from their abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimomura, K -- Mullinix, M G -- Kakunaga, T -- Fujiki, H -- Sugimura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Lactones/analysis/*pharmacology ; *Lyngbya Toxins ; Mice ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/metabolism ; *Protein Kinase C ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Drug ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 13
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    Phenylalanine transfer RNA: molecular dynamics simulation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, S C -- Prabhakaran, M -- Mao, B -- McCammon, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6560785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computers ; Cytosine ; Guanine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA, Fungal ; *RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl ; Yeasts/analysis
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  • 14
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    Reaction of the antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 with DNA: structure of a DNA adduct with DNA sequence specificity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Sequence-dependent variations in DNA revealed by x-ray crystallographic studies have suggested that certain DNA-reactive drugs may react preferentially with defined sequences in DNA. Drugs that wind around the helix and reside within one of the grooves of DNA have perhaps the greatest chance of recognizing sequence-dependent features of DNA. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 covalently binds through N-3 of adenine and resides within the minor groove of DNA. This drug overlaps with five base pairs for which a high sequence specificity exists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, L H -- Reynolds, V L -- Swenson, D H -- Petzold, G L -- Scahill, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; *Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Indoles ; Leucomycins/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 15
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    Allylamine derivatives: new class of synthetic antifungal agents inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petranyi, G -- Ryder, N S -- Stutz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6547247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Amines/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy ; Fungi/*drug effects/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Oxygenases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Squalene Monooxygenase
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  • 16
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    Disulfide bond engineered into T4 lysozyme: stabilization of the protein toward thermal inactivation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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  • 17
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    DNA-binding proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: The structures of three proteins that regulate gene expression have been determined recently and suggest how these proteins may bind to their specific recognition sites on the DNA. One protein (Cro) is a repressor of gene expression, the second (CAP) usually stimulates gene expression, and the third (lambda repressor) can act as either a repressor or an activator. The three proteins contain a substructure consisting of two consecutive alpha helices that is virtually identical in each case. Structural and amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this bihelical fold occurs in a number of proteins that regulate gene expression, and is an intrinsic part of the DNA-protein recognition event. The modes of repression and activation by Cro and lambda repressor are understood reasonably well, but the mode of action of CAP is still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Y -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Anderson, W F -- Matthews, B W -- GM20066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30894/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1020-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A nitrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres does not prevent evolution of hydrogen by nitrogenase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: The effect of a partial pressure of nitrogen of 50 atmospheres (5065 kilopascals ) on the hydrogen evolution reaction of nitrogenase has been investigated. Evolution of hydrogen was not blocked completely by 50 atmospheres of nitrogen in any of four experiments; rather, 27.3 +/- 2.4 percent of the total electron flux through nitrogenase was directed toward production of hydrogen. The ratio of hydrogen evolved to nitrogen fixed was close to 1:1, which implies that hydrogen evolution is obligatory in the fixation of molecular nitrogen by nitrogenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, F B -- Burris, R H -- AI-00848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1095-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6585956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen ; *Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Nitrogenase ; Partial Pressure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Antiviral agents (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krenitsky, T A -- Beauchamp, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Vidarabine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Metastable species of hemoglobin: room temperature transients and cryogenically trapped intermediates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Resonance Raman spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin obtained with 10-nanosecond pulses are compared with the spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin stabilized at 80 K. In comparing the deoxy with the photodissociated species, the changes in the Raman spectra are the same for these two experimental regimes. These results show that at ambient and cryogenic temperatures the heme pocket in liganded hemoglobin is significantly different from that of deoxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that measurements of the properties of intermediate species from photodissociated hemoglobin stabilized at low temperatures can be used to probe the short-lived metastable forms of hemoglobin present after photodissociation under biologically relevant solution conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ondrias, M R -- Friedman, J M -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):615-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carboxyhemoglobin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Freezing ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Ligands ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Irreversible ligands with high selectivity toward delta and mu opiate receptors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Alkylating agents that display strong selectivity for opiate receptor types delta or mu were prepared by appropriate modification of the structures of the strong analgesics fentanyl, etonitazene, and endoethenotetrahydrooripavine. The availability of these substances should facilitate studies of the structural basis of receptor specificity and of the physiologic roles of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, K C -- Jacobson, A E -- Burke, T R Jr -- Bajwa, B S -- Streaty, R A -- Klee, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Isothiocyanates ; Ligands ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism/physiology ; Thebaine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Synthetic competitive antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor: effect on ACTH secretion in the rat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: Polypeptide analogs of the known members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for enhanced potency or competitive antagonism. Predictive methods and physicochemical measurements had suggested an internal secondary alpha-helical conformation spanning about 25 residues for at least three members of the CRF family. Maximization of alpha-helix-forming potential by amino acid substitutions from the native known sequences (rat/human and ovine CRF, sauvagine, and carp and sucker urotensin 1) led to the synthesis of an analog that was found to be more than twice as potent as either of the parent peptides in vitro. In contrast, certain amino-terminally shortened fragments, such as alpha-helical CRF or ovine CRF residues 8 to 41, 9 to 41, and 10 to 41, were found to be competitive inhibitors in vitro. Selected antagonists were examined and also found to be active in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, J -- Rivier, C -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrected flowrates estimation by using θ convergence promoter for distillation columns (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The main task of the θ convergence promoter is to afford a better estimate of liquid and vapor molar fractions in each tray of the column.The assumptions implied by the promoter prove to be reliable for conventional columns, while they may cause numerical instability when dealing with nonconventional configurations. In these cases, corrected molar fractions may be computed only after making a supplementary assumption, which in principle is not unique. So, the paper presents a new methodology which gives rather satisfactory results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290116
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trickle-bed reactors: A review (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fixed-bed, catalytic reactors in which gas and liquid phases flow concurrently downward, termed trickle beds, are becoming more widely used in chemical processing, particularly in the petrochemical industry. Shah (1979) has summarized the advantages of trickle-bed reactors and mentioned some of the processes in which the reactors are used. Shah's monograph and earlier reviews (Satterfield, 1975; Goto et al., 1977; Hofmann, 1978; Gianetto et al., 1978) have discussed factors affecting reactor performance.In the last few years additional experimental and theoretical studies that contribute to improved design and scaleup of trickle-bed reactors have been published. The scope of this paper is to review critically these improvements. Progress in understanding local rates of reaction is considered first. Then recent developments in reactor design are analyzed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290102
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-state mass transfer with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution is obtained for convective diffusion with axial diffusion and homogeneous and heterogeous reactions in a tube. The results have been used successfully to examine the validity of a model with simplified inlet boundary condition and to establish the conditions for a one-dimensional dispersion model.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290103
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon attrition during the fluidized combustion of a coal (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 40-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The generation of carbon fines by attrition during the fluidized combustion of a bituminous coal has been studied by means of a 140mm ID fluidized-bed combustor under variable excess air factor, bed temperature, fluidizing velocity and size of bed sand and coal. Results indicate that rates of attrited fines are roughly proportional to excess of gas velocity above the minimum for fluidization and bed carbon exposed surface. Attrition rate constant is affected by size of sand and, to a less extent, and particularly with finer coal, by bed temperature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290106
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective absorption of H2S from larger quantities of CO2 by absorption and reaction in fine sprays (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 66-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Highly selective transfer of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from much larger quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been accomplished by absorption and reaction into fine sprays of buffered carbonate solution. Selectivity after the intensely agitated atomization zone is dramatically improved once the droplets have formed and stagnate internally. H2S transfer in this latter zone is virtually independent of the presence of CO2, even at CO2:H2S ratios of 100; CO2 transfer, however, is adversely affected by the presence of H2S. The gas film resistance for mass transfer is effectively eliminated with the 50 μm mean droplet diameter. The data indicate approximately constant hydrodynamics throughout the formed droplet zone and allow good theoretical prediction of enhancement factors for this complex system. Thus the design of more efficient equipment is possible if the gas-liquid contacting method is tailored to take advantage of differences in the transfer and reaction rate properties of gases to be separated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290109
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    A design approach based on phase plane analysis: Countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger with parametric sensitivity (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A design approach based on a phase diagram of inlet temperatures is proposed for the countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger for highly exothermic reactions with inherent parametric sensitivities. The phase diagram shows the region of safe operation on a plane of feed and coolant inlet temperatures, free from runaway conditions. The boundaries surrounding the safe operation region are defined by design parameters. Simple procedures applicable to arbitrary expressions of global rate are developed for the phase diagram. The multi-pronged design problem of selecting the design parameters and operating conditions for the maximum possible conversion within the constraints due to the parametric sensitivities is condensed into the represented by a phase diagram and an analysis on the phase plane. A design alternative which eliminates the necessity of the preheater for highly exothermic reactions is discussed and the advantages are quantitatively illustrated to assert that this design should be seriously considered as a viable alternative.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290112
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation for the third virial coefficient using Tc, Pc and ω as parameters (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An empirical correlation for the third virial coefficient of nonpolar gases is developed. The correlation requires a knowledge of the critical temperature, critical pressure and acentric factor of the compounds for the prediction of third virial coefficients in the absence of experimental data. The use of the correlation for mixtures of nonpolar gases, including quantum gases, requires one binary parameter for each binary interaction. Predictions are in good agreement with reported experimental data and with the values obtained with existing correlations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290115
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tortuosity factors for diffusion in catalyst pellets (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic pulse-response technique was used to measure effective diffusivities under nonreacting conditions in two, unsulfided, extrudate-type, hydrodesulfurization catalyst pellets of different porosities. Pore-volume distribution data showed a bidisperse pore structure with a broad pore-size range (100 μm to 3 nm).The main purpose of the study was to evaluate various methods for calculating the tortuosity factor, τ. For this particular catalyst, the most constant and unreasonable values of τ were obtained by supposing that diffusion occurred in all the pore volume (micro and macropores) and by summing the combined Knudsen and bulk contributions over each increment of pore volume.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290118
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a phase transition on the solubility of a solid (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 150-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theoretical investigation shows that a transition in the solid state from form I to form II affects the solubility of a solid in a liquid. Experimental results for the solubility of phenanthrene in pyridine, which has a lambda-point transition between 331 and 361 K, conform generally to the theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290121
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    Kinetic analysis of a non-isothermal reactor: Comments on a note by Cooper and Alley (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290123
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a stochastic model of particle dispersion in a turbulent round jet (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290127
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    Errata (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290131
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    Close-clearance helical impellers: A physical model for newtonian liquids at low Reynolds numbers (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With simple hydrodynamic concepts, a physical model is developed to describe the flow at the wall close to the impeller blade. The parameters of this model were evaluated from the large amount of data on power consumption and checked with some independent data on velocity profiles. Together with the physical insight provided by the model, it helped to obtain general relationships for power and heat transfer coefficients. Equations for the latter were developed using Lévêque's approximation. Agreement between the predicted results and the literature data of several independent studies was rather good. A method to analyze mixing or blending results is also suggested.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Multivariable control of a wet-grinding circuit (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 186-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of a pilot-plant grinding circuit was modelled by relating three output variables that were representative of the conditions within the mill and the classifier to three input variables, namely feed rates of the solids, mill water, and sump water.A multivariable controller was designed, by the use of Inverse Nyquist Array techniques, for feedback control of the outputs by the inputs, and applied to the plant by a process-control computer with the use of direct digital control.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290203
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    Turbulent velocity fluctuations that control mass transfer to a solid boundary (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relation between the velocity and concentration fields for a fully developed turbulent flow which transfers mass to a pipe wall at large Schmidt numbers has been studied. Measurements of the fluctuations of the concentration gradient and the velocity gradient were obtained simultaneously at multiple locations on the wall. Spatial scales were calculated for the low frequency velocity fluctuations by passing the measured signals through low-pass filters. These scales are the same size as the scales of the concentration fluctuations. This result provides additional support for the notion that mass transfer to a boundary at high Schmidt numbers in controlled by low frequency velocity fluctuations which contain only a small fraction of the total turbulent energy.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290207
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    Feasible specifications in azeotropic distillation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Feasible operating conditions are obtained for an azeotropic distillation tower using a nonlinear programming algorithm. The boil-up rate, fractional recovery of product, and bottoms purities of entrainer and by-product are adjusted to locate an overhead vapor stream that condenses into two liquid phases, but is in equilibrium with a single liquid phase on the top tray. A new objective function is introduced and minimized, subject to inequality constraints, using Powell's algorithm (1977). Results are obtained for dehydration of alcohol with benzene.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290107
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    Gas absorption accompanied by an irreversible second-order reaction in turbulent liquids (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 277-281 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas absorption accompanied by a second-order irreversible reaction in turbulent liquid films (Re 〉 1,200) is described using the Danckwerts surface renewal theory. The model equations, consisting of two coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations, were solved numerically. Experimental data were obtained for the absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions flowing in a wetted wall column under turbulent flow conditions. The experimental mass transfer coefficients agree to within a mean deviation of 10.3% compared to predictions of the theoretical calculations. For this comparison, the rate of surface renewal was obtained from physical absorption experiments, the liquid viscosity and density were measured, and the reaction rate constant and all other physical properties were obtained from the literature. For the experiments the Reynolds number ranged from 1,400 to 5,300 and [OH-]b/[CO2]s varied from 9 to 29.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290215
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    Effect of the product layer on the kinetics of the CO2-lime reaction (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of reaction between CO2 and lime is investigated in the range of 673 to 998 K with a view to examining the effects of product layer deposition and variations in the limestone calcination atmosphere. The reaction is initially rapid and chemically controlled and goes through a sudden transition to a much slower regime controlled by diffusion in the product CaCO3 layer. The magnitude of the estimated product layer diffusivity is in the range of 10-18 to 10-21 m2/s, the corresponding activation energy is 88.9 ± 3.7 kJ/mol below 688 K and 179.2 ± 7.0 kJ/mol above that temperature, suggestive of solid state diffusion. Plausible mechanisms are discussed.
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    Behavior of particles in a liquid-solids fluidized bed (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 101-106 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanics of particle motion in a fluidized bed were studied by focusing on the microscopic behavior of the particles. The local displacements of nylon particles fluidized by liquid were measured by the micro-capacitance method, and the resultant time series was analyzed by determining its auto-correlation function and the corresponding power spectrum. This has given rise to a stochastic or statistical model of particle displacements in the fluidized bed. This model visualizes the particle motion in a fluidized bed to consist of the random movement, generating irregular signals, and the linear movement, generating wave-like signals.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    A residence-time model for trickle-flow reactors incorporating incomplete mixing in stagnant regions (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for the liquid-phase residence time in a trickle-flow reactor has been derived and experimentally verified using a tracer input. The model, termed the Ideal Plug Flow Stagnancy Model, postulates that the prime liquid-phase dispersive mechanism in such reactors is the interchange between the dynamic and stagnant regions. Unlike previous models, however, it does not require the assumption of perfect mixing in the stagnant zones. While the results of the study confirm that the mixing is incomplete, they show clearly that back mixing rather than molecular diffusion is the dominant exchange mechanism.
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    Avoiding unwarranted inflection points in fitting of data (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 153-157 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method for correlating univariable experimental data, which avoids unwarranted inflection points by means of mathematical constraints fitted to sections of the data. The method was applied successfully to correlate thermodynamic data which are otherwise difficult to fit in without inflection points.
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    Drop breakup in the flow of immiscible liquids through an orifice in a pipe (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 161-164 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Diaphragm diffusion cell: Simpler cell design and new equation to calculate diffusivities (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 347-349 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    History of chemical engineering, William F. Furter, editor, advances in chemistry, series 190, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1980) 435 pages, $39.00. (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 350-350 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290229
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    A predictive model for rollover in stratified LNG tanks (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 199-207 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The incubation period preceding “rollover” within a stratified LNG tank involves intensive heat and mass transfers between layers. Numerical integration of equations describing these processes leads to predicted time-history and boil-off characteristics which are in excellent agreement with Sarsten's (1972) documentation of the LaSpezia rollover incident.
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    Experimental measurements of the effect of viscosity on drag for liquid drops (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 229-236 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The drag coefficients of drops of various liquids falling in air were measured experimentally. The drag coefficient was linearly related to the viscosity in the Reynolds number and viscosity range measured. Measurements also suggested there is no difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids.
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    Reduced-order steady-state and dynamic models for separation processes. Part I. Development of the model reduction procedure (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 261-269 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the major difficulties with mathematical models of staged separation systems is the large dimensionality of the process model. This paper is concerned with simple (reduced-order) steady-state and dynamic models for processes such as distillation, absorption and extraction. The model reduction procedure is based on approximating the composition and flow profiles in the column using polynomials rather than as discrete functions of the stages. The number of equations required to describe the system is thus drastically reduced. The method is developed using a simple absorber system. In the second part of this paper, the application of the method to nonlinear multicomponent separation systems is demonstrated.
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    Hydraulic deliquoring of compressible filter cakes. Part 1: Reverse flow in filter presses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 297-305 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Removal of liquid from filter cakes can be accomplished by mechanical or hydraulic methods after cake formation is complete. This paper deals with the latter procedure. The local porosity in porous beds (Tiller and Cooper, 1962) is a function of hydraulic pressure distribution and cake compressibility. Calculation of average porosity requires an integration of local values as determined by liquid flow patterns. As most compressions of filter cakes are irreversible, the local porosity is a function of the maximum effective pressure (frictional pressure loss) reached during cyclical operations. Reversal of flow through a cake develops radically changed pressure distributions which can be utilized to reduce local porosities. Analytical expressions are presented for reduction of average porosity brought about by reversing flow of liquid in plate-and-frame and recessed plate filter presses.
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    Interfacial area, bubble coalescence and mass transfer in bubble column reactors (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 312-319 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relationships are developed for determining interfacial areas as a function of bubble coalescence and for predicting liquid-film-controlled mass transfer in deep seal bubble column reactors. Interfacial area is inversely dependent on mean bubble size; the mass transfer constant is directly dependent on bubble size. A correction for enhancement due to liquid-phase reaction must be applied, and enhancement is shown to decrease with increasing bubble size.Experimental measurements on the catalyzed rate of oxygen absorption from air in aqueous sodium sulfite solutions were made in a 0.299 m diameter × 9.14 m high glass column. Water and aqueous solutions of a surfactant and corn syrup were used to simulate ranges of surface tensions, densities, and viscosities. Perforated plates with 0.00635-m holes and 2.85% open area were inserted at 1.524-m spacing on half of the experimental runs to show the effects of gas redispersion. Two-phase flow velocities were adjusted to cover ranges of interest in full-scale, commercial bubble column reactor design.
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    Approximate global rates: Reactions affected by diffusion and chemical deactivation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 340-343 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Classical thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions, H. C. Van Ness and M. M. Abbott, McGraw-Hill 1982, 482 pp. $39.50. (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 349-349 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Selective propylene oxidation over a copper-tin oxide catalyst (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 625-631 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixed oxide system of copper and tin and the active single oxide, Cu2O, were compared for reducibility of the copper ion, relative number and type of active sites, and reaction kinetics. The enhanced selectivity of the mixed oxides may result from the formation of highly selective sites at the expense of less selective sites. The reducibility of the copper ion in the mixture is influenced by the oxidation state of the tin ion. The reactant and product reaction orders are the same for both catalysts but the mixed oxides are more sensitive to inhibition by water. The catalyst composition affects the energetics of the reaction over the copper-tin oxide catalysts.
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    Variable volume enzyme reactor with ultrafiltration swing: A theoretical study on CSTR case (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 645-651 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new membrane enzyme reactor system is proposed, and its performance is analytically and numerically examined by operational modes. This membrane-separated, two-compartmental reactor is operated in a cyclic manner such that ultrafiltration swing is induced either by a pulsatile flow or by an alternating pressure difference. Substrate and product solutins are permeable to the membrane while enzyme is impermeable. In one reservoir, enzyme solution is stored into which substrate is supplied by diffusion-coupled ultrafiltration and product is removed by the same mechanism into the substrate compartment, which is similar to CSTR in view of fluid mixing and continuous inlet-outlet flows, but differs from CSTR in a sense that reaction takes place only in the enzyme compartment.The governing model equations are derived and their analytical solutions are obtained for fast reaction and high ultrafiltration with first-order kinetics. In addition, nonlinear Michaelis-Menten kinetics problem is solved numerically. As a result, we have found that the system can increase the conversion substantially compared with previous diffusion-moderated enzyme reactors where diffusion very often can limit the extent of conversion.
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    Single-particle approach for analyzing flow systems. Part II: Regional residence times and local flow rates (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 663-668 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis of Part I (Rubinovitch and Mann, 1983) is continued here, considering the movements of a single particle in an arbitrary flow system in terms of the total times it resides in various flow regions. Results from the theory of Markov chains are used to derive expressions for the joint distribution of number of visits and total residence time in a flow region and for the total regional residence time distribution. Further, the relationships between the local particle flow rate, number of visits to a flow region, and net flow rate through the system are derived. Specifically, it is shown that This relation is valid for any general flow system and any general region in the system. It holds true irrespective of the number of inlets and outlets to the region or of the nature of the internal mixing in the region. It is further shown how this relation leads to an experimental method for measuring local flow rates.
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    Quantitative analysis of supercritical extraction (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 686-687 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Activity coefficients of mixtures adsorbed on heterogeneous surfaces (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 691-693 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Effect of residence time distribution of gas bubbles on slurry reactor performance (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 699-700 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Letters to the editor (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 702-702 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    New descriptions of dispersion in flow through tubes: Convolution and collocation methods (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 493-498 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The convective dispersion of a solute in steady flow through a tube is analyzed, and the concentration profile for any Peclet number is obtained as a convolution of the profile for infinite Peclet number. Close approximations are obtained for the concentration profile and its axial moments, by use of orthogonal collocation in the radial coordinate. The moments thus obtained converge rapidly, and the concentration profile less rapidly, toward exactness as the number of collocation points is increased. A two-point radial grid gives results of practical accuracy; analytical solutions are given at this order of approximation.
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    Degree of segregation and coalescence rate parameter in the random coalescence model for a stirred reactor (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 513-516 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Simple method for solution of a class of reaction-diffusion problems (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 521-523 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Errata (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Gas separation by permeators with high-flux asymmetric membranes (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 545-552 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The permeation behavior of the high-flux asymmetric membrane differs from that of the conventional symmetric membrane. A calculation method for predicting the gas separation performance of a permeator with asymmetric membrane is presented. The model takes into account the permeate pressure drop and is applicable to both hollow-fiber and spiral-wound modules. The effect of permeate-feed flow pattern on module performance is analyzed. It is shown that for the high-flux asymmetric membrane, the countercurrent flow pattern is not necessarily always the preferred operating mode. The mathematical model is verified by large-scale field pilot-plant experiments for helium recovery from natural gas using large hollow-fiber modules (220 m2/unit).
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    Chain-of-rotators equation of state (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 560-571 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An equation of state is obtained to describe the fluid state from the supercritical gas to subcritical vapor and liquid for small and large molecules of organic and inorganic substances. The perturbation theory of the fluid state is extended to include rotational contribution of molecular motion in addition to translational and the attractive force contributions. Three equation constants describe a substance and values are presented for 22 substances. Application is made to mixtures with emphasis on their phase equilibria.
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    Tracer diffusion in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol from 298 to 433 K (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 640-645 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of argon, krypton, xenon, methane, carbon tetrachloride and the tetraalkyltins (methyl through butyl) were measured in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol over the temperature range 298 to 433 K. With temperature-dependent solvent diameters fitted from the tracer diffusivity of one of the solutes, a rough-hard-sphere theory predicts well the observed tracer diffusivity over the solvent density range in which hard-sphere computer simulations are available. The Wilke-Chang correlation predicts diffusion coefficients in the higher alcohols with an average error of 80% and a maximum error of 200%. A correlation of the form Dμp/T = A where p and A depend on solute and solvent size is more successful giving an average error of 7% and a maximum error of 24%.
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    Single-particle approach for analyzing flow systems. Part I: Visits to flow regions (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 658-662 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A methodology is presented for characterizing and analyzing general continuous flow system with special emphasis on particulate processes. The methodology is based on describing the history of individual particles (or fluid elements) in the process. The movements of particles are expressed in terms of the flow regions they visit using a Markov chain presentation. Explicit expressions as well as computational methods are derived for various process characteristics of interest. These include the distributions, means and variances of: the number of visits to any specified flow region; the total number of regions visited; and the number of visits to any specified set of regions. This methodology yields information on bulk properties as well as on individual particle behavior and deviations among particles.
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    Studies in magnetochemical engineering. Part II: Theoretical development of a practical model for high-gradient magnetic separation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large-scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron-sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot-scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
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    Effects of gas-adsorbate momentum transfer on the movement of a mobile adsorbed phase over a uniform surface (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 696-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Advanced multivariable control of a pilot-plant distillation column (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 632-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports an experimental study of the multivariable control of a pilot-plant distillation column having a side stream as well as overhead and bottom products. A recently developed multivariable controller for systems having multiple time delays is implemented for the first time on an experimental process. The controller consists of a new multivariable time delay compensator coupled with traditional PI controllers. Realization is accomplished with a PDP 11 minicomputer. Improved system performance was observed with the delay compensator, especially in disturbance rejection.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    Occurrence of methane hydrate in saturated and unsaturated solutions of sodium chloride and water in dependence of temperature and pressure (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 651-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental results of the formation of methane hydrate in dependence of temperature and pressure in unsaturated solutions of NaCl in water will be presented in a temperature range from 261.85 to 285.98 K and pressure up to 11.0 MPa. Furthermore the four-phase equilibrium NaCl·2H2Os— CH4·nH2Os—L—G has been calculated from the experimental results. Also the heats of transformation of several other equilibria in the ternary system CH4—H2O—NaCl are obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Theory of hindered sedimentation of polydisperse mixtures (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 669-676 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The theory and application of hindred sedimentation is reviewed. Polydisperse mixtures with size and density distributions are considered. A general solution technique is established for steady-flow regimes where a standard drag correlation for monodisperse systems is applied to each component. Solutions for discrete and continuous particle-size and density distributions are outlined. Results are presented for the sedimentation of mixtures made up of particles of uniform density and varying size suspended in a fluid with fixed properties. Under these conditions, the sedimentation velocities of the components vary significantly with the size distribution of the particles and the total volume fraction occupied by the particles In this context, topics such as maximum flux of particles, classification and density separation are considered.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Improved stability criterion for lubrication flow between counterrotating rollers (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 865-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Anomalous diffusion of vapors through solid polymers. Part I: Irreversible thermodynamics of diffusion and solution processes (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solubility and diffusivity of vapors in polymers below and in the vicinity of glass transition temperature are known to be explicitly time-dependent. It is assumed here that the polymers are in nonequilibrium states, characterized by an internal order. The latter relaxes with time and moves towards equilibrium. The changes in the internal order bring about changes in the properties of the polymer-solute system.The time dependence of diffusivity and solubility has been derived for isothermal processes not far from equilibrium. Well-known procedures for analyzing relaxing systems are used to obtain the above results, and the knowledge of how the internal order is related to the molecular properties is not required.
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    Anomalous diffusion of vapors through solid polymers. Part II: Anomalous sorption (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 833-839 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sorption of vapors in polymer membranes in the vicinity of and below the glass transition temperatures do not follow the Fickian (classical) diffusion. The reasons have been attributed to the molecular relaxation which affects both diffusivities and solubilities.A time- and memory-dependent diffusion coefficient has been evaluated in Part I, in a form which is analogous to the treatment in the rheology of such materials. Together with a time-dependent solubility, the conservation equation for the sorption process has been solved. Two special cases are considered, where the relaxation times are short and where they are long. The results explain the anomalous behavior observed in the experiments. Comparison with the experiments has been made.
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    Effective diffusion and conduction in two-phase media: A unified approach (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 846-853 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiscale analysis based on two widely different length scales that exist instagnant two-phase media is carried out to investigate diffusion and conduction in periodic and random systems. A variational form of the resulting unit cell equations allows one to demonstrate its equivalence to the cell equations of other independent approaches, thus unifying these widely different methods. The variational approach is also shown to facilitate numerical studies and to provide a link between random and periodic media by yielding an upper bound for the effective diffusivity in random media in terms of the periodic one.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Mobilization of oil ganglia (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 854-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following secondary recovery processes in conventional light oil reservoirs, more than half the original oil in place may remain trapped as a discontinuous phase. During the previous recovery processes these oil ganglia have been pinched off by capillary forces and remain immobile while the continuous phase which surrounds them is able to flow freely. Furthermore if a portion of this oil is mobilized in a tertiary recovery process the conditions required to apply Darcy's equation to the flow of either phase are violated. These are also problems which are encountered during in-situ recovery techniques in tar sands where the mobilization of the heavy oil occurs as a discontinuous phase. In this paper the relevant flow equations are derived. Also a parameter is deduced which directly determines the criterion for mobilization.
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    Improved successive quadratic programming optimization algorithm for engineering design problems (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 871-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Process fluid mechanics, by M. M. Denn. Prentice-Hall, 1980, 383 pages, $27.95 (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 875-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290529
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    Forced convection in three-dimensional flows: III. Asymptotic solutions with viscous heating (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 947-956 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Matched asymptotic solutions are given for the temperature profiles and heat transfer rates in laminar three-dimensional flows with viscous dissipation. The results are asymptotically valid for small thermal diffusivity α; they hold for Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids. The fluid properties are evaluated at an average temperature for the system; this is satisfactory for moderate temperature differences. Heat transfer formulas for various thermal boundary conditions are included. Several examples are analyzed, including the frictional heating of a polymer melt in flow through a wire-coating die.
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    Pore-diffusion model for cyclic separation: Temperature swing separation of hydrogen and methane at elevated pressures (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 966-975 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pore-diffusion model is developed for temperature swing separation in a packed bed of sorbent. The model is applied to interpret experimental data for separation of H2 of CH4 in a packed bed of activated carbon operated in the temperature swing mode, at pressures up to 5.52 MPa. Experimental results on the effects of total pressure, particle size, adsorption temperature, and flow rate on separation efficiency compared favorably to the model predictions. The importance of pore diffusion in separation has been clearly demonstrated.
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    High-temperature mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water. Part I: Benzene, cyclohexane and n-hexane (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 990-999 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mutual solubilities at the three-phase equilibrium pressure of three C6 hydrocarbons (benzene, cyclohexane and n-hexane) and water have been experimentally investigated up to 482 K. A thermodynamic analysis of these new measurements and of critically selected literature data has been carried out to the three-phase critical end point. Information is also provided on the two-phase critical locus. The solubility of hydrocarbons in water has been used to calculate Henry's constants, while the solubility of water in the hydrocarbons has been correlated with a modified version of the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Consideration is also given to the effect of pressure on the mutual solubilities.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Influence of mixing state of carrier fluid in nonlinear equilibrium exchange systems (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 935-940 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is shown that for a given residence time distribution of carrier fluid and a given nonlinear adsorption isotherm of a single solute, the breakthrough curve is not uniquely defined. The special case of a one-dimensional dispersive flow is examined. It is shown that with a simple but realistic model for the residence time distribution, the classical self-sharpening front becomes a continuously broadening front. Two extreme models are proposed to describe the behavior of any front in a flow system with a given residence time distribution. This study seems of crucial importance in systems for which this residence time distribution is the only available information about the flow pattern.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Dynamic simulation of azeotropic distillation towers (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1017-1029 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are presented for integration of the stiff ordinary differential equations using an adaptive semi-implicit Runge-Kutta (ASIRK) integrator; an A-stable, single-step, noniterative algorithm with step-size control. Unusual open loop responses are encountered for simulations of azeotropic distillation towers and the results suggest two control variables. The results support the contention that one steady-state regime of operation is unstable.
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    Heat and mass transfer in packed beds, N. Wakao and S. Kaguei, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1983,364 pages (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1055-1055 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290627
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    Hydration of propylene oxide using ion-exchange resin catalyst in a slurry reactor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of hydration of propylene oxide using an ion-exchange resin catalyst in a slurry reactor was studied. The kinetics of homogeneous, uncatalyzed reaction was studied separately and used to obtain heterogeneous reaction kinetics. The homogeneous reaction was found to be 0.43 order with respect to propylene oxide concentration. The heterogeneous reaction was found to have intraparticle diffusional resistance under certain conditions. The intrinsic kinetic parameters and effective diffusivity were obtained from these data. The heterogeneous reaction was found to be 0.55 order with respect to propylene oxide concentration. The activation energies obtained for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were 51.5 and 53.4 kJ/mol, respectively. A theoretical model incorporating all the mass transfer resistances has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Noncatalytic gas-solid reactions in a vertical pneumatic transport reactor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 21-29 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A heterogeneous model is developed to account for noncatalytic gas-solid reactions in a vertical pneumatic transport reactor. The model takes into consideration both the positive and negative variations of the solid porosity and the variation of the gas diffusivity with the reaction. The method of lines utilizing the second order centered finite difference scheme for the spatial discretization is employed to obtain the model solution.Experiments utilizing a vertical pneumatic transport reactor of a laboratory scale are performed to study the reaction between limestone and sulfur dioxide generated from coal combustion. The reactor is of 16.2 cm ID and 610 cm in length. The experimental data for sulfur retention are reported for various superficial gas velocities and calcium-sulfur molar ratios. Verification of the model with experimental data is conducted. The agreement between the model prediction and experimental data is satisfactory.
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    Effects of radially nonuniform distributions of catalytic activity on performance of spherical catalyst pellets (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 44-50 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of spherical catalyst pellets with radially nonuniform distributions of activity is simulated under parallel reaction networks closely resembling hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. Both reaction paths are assumed to be exothermic with the desired path exhibiting lower activation energy requirements than the undesired one. It is shown that nonuniform activity distributions enhance effectiveness and selectivity over a large range of values of the Thiele modulus. Multiple steady states in effectiveness and selectivity are observed for certain values of the heat of reaction parameter.
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    Oxidative absorption of H2S and O2 by iron chelate solutions (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 62-69 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur by ferric ion chelated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in aqueous solution at pH 3.5 to 4.5. The reaction appears to be fast relative to gas- and liquid-phase diffusion, and the transfer of H2S from a gas stream is correlated well by the theory of absorption with instantaneous chemical reaction. The ferrous ion formed in this reaction may be reoxidized with oxygen absorbed from a stream of air. The presence of NTA catalyzes the reaction of O2 and Fe2+ in the same pH range, and diffusion is again controlling. Design calculations based on laboratory data for both absorption steps show that cocurrent gas-liquid contactors are advantageous for achieving high reaction rates (e.g., ∼99.99% H2S removal), high gas velocities (10 to 20 m/s), low pressure drops [1 to 3 kPa (10 to 30 cm H2O)], and moderate column heights (10 to 15 m).
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    Decomposition of systems of nonlinear algebraic equations (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 92-99 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for decomposing irreducible subsets, in the solution of systems of nonlinear algebraic equations, is presented. This method consists of two steps: (1) elimination of the nonlinearity from some of the equations by replacing nonlinear expressions by new variables; and (2) formulation of a problem of smaller dimension by tearing the linear subset of equations. It is shown that these modifications do not change considerably the convergence rate of the Newton-Raphson and Broyden's methods while reducing the problem's dimension. Computer time reduction up to 80% is demonstrated in the examples solved. An algorithm for elimination of nonlinear expressions, which uses Boolean matrices instead of formula manipulation, is also presented.
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    Mass transfer and pressure drop in a cocurrent reciprocating plate extraction column (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 120-127 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 5-cm-diameter reciprocating plate extraction column has been operated in cocurrent flow. The pressure drop for water flow, and the local and average mass transfer products for the system acetic acid/kerosene/aqueous sodium hydroxide have been measured. Under well-agitated conditions, the mass average transfer product is predictable by a model, which is also applicable to data reported earlier by Karr for a 2.54-cm-diameter column.
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    Estimation of true moments from truncated data (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 151-155 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Moment analysis is a powerful tool in reactor bed analysis. Weighted moments is a technique which has been introduced to increase the accuracy of moment estimation. The supposed advantage of weighted moments is reevaluated utilizing an optimum truncation point. The resulting coefficient of variation in the moment estimates is shown to be superior to an arbitrary truncation point for all weighting factors. When an optimum truncation point is used, little advantage is observed for weighted moments.
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    Characteristics of initial region of a double concentric jet (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 169-171 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Flow phenomena in porous media, by Robert A. Greenkorn, published by Marcell Dekker (1983), 560 pages, $75.00 (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 172-173 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300126
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    Solid/liquid washing theory: Calculations for nonequilibrium stages (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations for nonequilibrium stages were systematized via material balances for multicomponent mixing, which is applicable in the absence of sorption.The resulting treatment is quite complex with unequal stages but much simpler when the stages are equal. It allows solving complex solid/liquid washing problems from experimental simple washing data obtained with solute-free wash liquor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300104
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  • 98
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    Bubble formation at vibrated orifices: Medium-chamber-volume region (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bubble formation process at small, single, circular orifices at low gas flow rates is modified when the system is vertically vibrated in a sinusoidal fashion.For systems with significant gas chamber volume, bubble volume in the vibrated case is smaller than in the nonvibrated case. The vibrations increase the amount of liquid weeping through the orifice into the gas chamber. A simple inviscid model adequately predicts bubble formation in the medium-chamber-volume region at low values of amplitude and frequency of vibration and low viscosities. The boundaries of the transition from the FR ≫ 1 to the FR = 1 regions are described in terms of “the acceleration number/Eötvös number”.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300107
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate processes in cycling a reversible gas-solid reaction (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rate studies are reported of the effect of rehydration-dehydration cycling on the vapor hydration behavior of solid K2CO3. Isothermal rate data were obtained at different temperatures and water vapor pressures for the reaction of narrowlysized anhydrous particles. Effects of different particle preparation histories on the rehydration rate were investigated and correlations of rate with particle pore structure explored. Rehydration rates of dehydrated K2CO3·3/2H2O were found to depend on the conditions of the prior dehydration. Rehydration is comparatively very slow at relative pressures below P/Peq ≃ 1.5; rates increase linearly with pressure above P/Peq ≃ 3. Hydration rates of K2CO3 particles obtained as anhydrous are substantially slower than those of identically-sized crystals produced by prior dehydration of K2CO3·3/2H2O; after one rehydration-dehydration cycle, rehydration rates are increased by as much as two orders of magnitude and this distinction between sources virtually disappears. Diffusional resistances based on calculated water vapor diffusivities are qualitatively consistent with the observed effects of cycling but do not by themselves account fully for the observations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300110
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  • 100
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    Modeling and simulation of an entrained flow coal gasifier (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the Texaco downflow entrained-bed pilot-plant gasifier using coal liquefaction residues and coal-water slurries as feedstocks. This model describes the physical and chemical processes occurring in an entrained coal gasifier. The gasification kinetics describes different complex reactions occurring in the gasifier and the hydrodynamics describes mass, momentum and energy balances for solid and gas phases. Temperature, concentration and velocity profiles along the reactor height were obtained by solving the mass, momentum and energy balances. Parameter studies were made to provide a better understanding of the reactor performance for various inlet feed conditions utilizing the model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300113
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