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  • Nitrogen fixation  (116)
  • Wheat  (108)
  • Springer  (222)
  • 1980-1984  (222)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of chemical inhibitors of photorespiration on nitrogenase activity in nodulated alfalfa plants (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Glyoxylate ; Isonicotinic acid hydracide ; Medicago ; Nitrogen fixation ; Photorespiration ; Rhizobium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitrogen fixation (measured as acetylene reduction) by whole nodulated alfalfa plants was stimulated when the plants were treated with isonicotinic acid hydracide (INH) and glyoxylate, both inhibitors of the glycolate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism, at concentrations of 300 and 100 mM, respectively. Reducing energetic loses caused by photorespiration results in an increase in the symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384659
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    15N2 Incorporation and metabolism in the lichen Peltigera aphthosa Willd (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 152 (1981), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium assimilation ; Lichens ; Nitrogen fixation ; Peltigera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Nostoc in the cephalodia of the lichen Peltigera aphthosa Willd. fixed 15N2 and the bulk of the nitrogen fixed was continuously transferred from it to its eukaryotic partners (a fungus and a green alga, Coccomyxa sp.). Kinetic studies carried out over the first 30 min, after exposure of isolated cephalodia to 15N2, showed that highest initial 15N2-labelling was into NH 4 + . After 12 min little further increase in the NH 4 + label occurred while that in the amide group of glutamine and in glutamate continued to increase. The 15N-labelling of the amino group of glutamine and of aspartate increased more slowly, followed by an increase in the labelling of alanine. When total incorporation of 15N-label was calculated, the overall pattern was found to be rather similar except that, throughout the experiment, the total 15N incorporated into glutamate was about six times greater than that into the amide group of glutamine. Pulse chase experiments, in which 14N2 was added to cephalodia previously exposed to 15N2, showed that the NH 4 + pool rapidly became depleted of 15N-label, followed by decreases in the labelling of glutamate, the amide group of glutamine and aspartate. The 15N-labelling of alanine, however, continued to increase for a period. When isolated cephalodia were treated with L-methionine-SR-sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), and azaserine, an inhibitor of glutamate synthase (EC 2.6.1.53), there was no detectable labelling in glutamine although the 15N-labelling of glutamate increased unimpaired. On treating the cephalodia with amino-oxyacetate, an inhibitor of aminotransferase activity, the alanine pool decreased. Evidence was obtained that glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were located in the Nostoc, and that glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4) and various amino-transferases were located in the cephalodial fungus. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380825
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen nutrition and the development of biochemical functions associated with nitrogen fixation and ammonia assimilation of nodules on cowpea seedlings (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule ; Senescence (root nodules) ; Ureide ; Vigna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract During early development (up to 18 d after sowing) of nodules of an “effective” cowpea symbiosis (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp cv. Vita 3: Rhizobium strain CB756), rapidly increasing nitrogenase (EC 1.7.99.2) activity and leghaemoglobin content were accompanied by rapid increases in activities of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (EC 2.6.1.53), enzymes of denovo purine synthesis (forming inosine monophosphate) xanthine oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.3.2), urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) and led to increased export of ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid) to the shoot of the host plant in the xylem. Culturing plants with the nodulated root systems maintained in the absence of N2 (in 80 Ar: 20 O2, v/v) had little effect on the rates of induction and increase in nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin content but, in the absence of N2 fixation and consequent ammonia production by bacteroids, there was no stimulation of activity of enzymes of ammonia assimilation or of the synthesis of purines or ureides. Addition of NO 3 - (0.1–0.2 mM) relieved host-plant nitrogen deficiency caused by the Ar: O2 treatment but failed to increase levels of enzymes of N metabolism in either the bacteroid or the plant-cell fractions of the nodule. Premature senescence in Ar: O2-grown nodules occurred at 18–20 d after sowing, and resulted in reduced levels of nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin but increased the activity of hydroxybutyrate oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.30).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396744
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ammonium effects on function and structure of nitrogen-fixing root nodules of Alnus incana (L.) Moench (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 156 (1982), S. 332-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Alnus ; Ammonium ; Carbon translocation ; Endophyte damage ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodule
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cloned plants of Alnus incana (L.) Moench were inoculated and grown without combined nitrogen for seven weeks. The effects of ammonium on the function and structure of the root nodules were studied by adding 20 mM NH4Cl (20 mM KCl=control) for four days. Nitrogenase activity decreased to ca. 50% after one day and to less than 10% after two days in ammonium treated plants, but was unaffected in control plants. The results were similar at photon flux densities of 200 and 50 μmol m-2 s-1. At the higher light level the effect was concentration dependent between 2 and 20 mM NH4Cl. The recovery was slow, and more than 11 d were needed for plants treated with 20 mM ammonium to reach initial activity. The distribution of 14C to the root nodules after assimilation of 14CO2 by the plants was not changed by the ammonium treatment. Microscopical studies of root nodules showed high frequencies of endophyte vesicles being visually damaged in nodules from ammonium-treated plants, but not in nodules from control plants. When nitrogenase activity was restored, visually damaged vesicles were again few, whereas young developing vesicles were numerous. The slow recovery, the 14C-translocation pattern, and the structural changes of the endophyte indicate a more complex mechanism of ammonium influence than simply a short-term reduction in supply of carbon compounds to the nodules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397471
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of combined nitrogen on anapleurotic carbon assimilation and bleeding sap composition in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Allantoin ; Amino acids ; Bleeding sap ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Dwarf french beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were grown with or without inoculation with rhizobia (strain 3644), and with or without a combined nitrogen source (nitrate or ammonium ions). The distribution of radioactivity into products of dark 14CO2 assimilation was studied in roots or nodules from these plants. A detailed study was also made of the distribution and rates of excretion of nitrogen in xylem bleeding sap in 28 day old plants grown on the various sources of nitrogen. Whereas detached nodules accumulated radioactive glycine, serine and glutamate when incubated with 14CO2, bleeding sap from plants root fed 14CO2 contained low levels of radioactivity in these compounds but higher levels in allantoin. Chemical analysis showed allantoin to be the major compound transported in the xylem of nodulated plants, whether or not they were fed on combined nitrogen. In contrast uninoculated plants accumulated mainly amino acids in the bleeding sap, the amount and chemical composition of which depended on the combined nitrogen source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388121
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by mutation breeding (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276260
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The evolution of a plant globin gene family (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 21 (1984), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Leghemoglobin ; Gene duplication ; Gene linkage ; Concerted evolution ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soybean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have analyzed the sequences of soybean leghemoglobin genes as an initial step toward understanding their mode of evolution. Alignment of the sequences of plant globin genes with those of animals reveals that (i) based on the proportion of nucleotide substitutions that have occurred at the first, second, and third codon positions, the time of divergence of plant and animal globin gene families appears to be extremely remote (between 900 million and 1.4 billion years ago, if one assumes constancy of evolutionary rate in both the plant and animal lineages) and (ii) in addition to the normal regulatory sequences on the 5′ end, an approximately 30-base-pair sequence, specific to globin genes, that surrounds the cap site is conserved between the plant and animal globin genes. Comparison of the leghemoglobin sequences with one another shows that (i) the relative amount of sequence divergence in various coding and noncoding regions is roughly similar to that found for animal globin genes and (ii) as in animal globin genes, the positions of insertions and deletions in the intervening sequences often coincide with the locations of direct repeats. Thus, the mode of evolution of the plant globin genes appears to resemble, in many ways, that of their animal counterparts. We contrast the overall intergenic organization of the plant globin genes with that of animal genes, and discuss the possibility of the concerted evolution of the leghemoglobin genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100624
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antigenic differences between Anabaena azollae fresh from the Azolla fern leaf cavity and free-living cyanobacteria (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 126-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorescent antibody staining ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis ; Anabaena azollae ; Azolla caroliniana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fluorescent antibody staining indicated differences in surface antigenicity in Anabaena azollae cells fresh from the leaf cavities of the fern, Azolla caroliniana, and algae which were isolated and subcultured from this fern. Such results suggest that either changes in antigenicity occur in this phycobiont during culturing or that isolation selects for an antigenically different mutant strain capable of in vitro growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422316
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relative levels of guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) in some N2 fixing bacteria during derepression and repression of nitrogenase (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1981), S. 341-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Regulation ; Guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Addition of ammonium to N2 fixing cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum rapidly reduced the intracellular levels of guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) by 70–90%. This change might reflect a regulatory role of ppGpp in nitrogen metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422542
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mutants of Rhizobium japonicum defective in nodulation (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodules ; Soybean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Several mutants defective in nodulation were isolated from Rhizobium japonicum strains 3I1b110 and 61A 76. Mutants of class I do not form nodules after incubation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for 17 days, but will do so by 28 days. When host plants other than G. max are infected with several of these strains, there is no detectable difference in the time of nodulation or size of nodules as compared to the wild type. Two mutants of class I (i. e., SM1 and SM2) have been shown previously to be altered in the lipopolysaccharide portion of their cell wall. Mutants of class II are not slow to nodulate but form fewer nodules than the wild type on all the host plants tested. Mutants of class III are unable to form nodules. Some bacteriophage-resistant mutants, altered in cell surface structure, fall into this class. Two mutants of class III do not bind to soybean roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407954
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport in Anabaena variabilis Kütz. (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Anabaena variabilis Kütz ; 14C-prelabeled blue-green algae ; Interaction respiration/photosynthesis ; CO2 exchange ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Prelabeled Anabaena variabilis Kütz. evolves 14CO2 in the light with KCN and DCMU (2,4-dichlorophenyl-1,1-dimethylurea) present, comparable to the dark control without inhibitors added. Double-reciprocal plots of CO2 release vs. light intensity with either KCN or KCN+DCMU present result in two straight lines intersecting at the ordinate. Apparently, reducing equivalents originating from carbohydrate catabolism are channeled into the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, competing for electrons from photosystem II. Under these conditions, the CO2 release is accompanied by a light-dependent oxygen uptake, presumably due to oxygen-reducing photosystem-I activity while ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase is inhibited by KCN. Comparing nine blue-green algae it was shown that only nitrogen-fixing species release substantial amounts of CO2 in the light with KCN or KCN+DCMU present. This release is particularly obvious with Anabaena variabilis Kütz. under nitrogen-fixing conditions, but small when the alga is grown with combined nitrogen. We conclude that nitrogen-fixing species share a common link between respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport. The physiological role may be electron supply of nitrogenase by photosystem I.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413385
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of nitrogenase messenger RNA synthesis and stability in Klebsiella pneumoniae (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 38-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Gene expression ; Regulation ; Messenger RNA ; Transcription ; Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitrogenase messenger RNA synthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined by labelling cells with (3H)uracil and isolating total RnA, which was then hybridized to filterbound recombinant plasmid pSA30 DNA carrying the nitrogenase structural genes nifH, D, and K. Derepression of nitrogenase mRNA starts 1.5 h before the onset of nitrogenase activity (as measured by acetylene reduction). Exposure of nif-derepressed cultures to either NH 4 + , air, or high temperatures (39° C) results in a rapid decrease of the synthesis rates both of nitrogenase mRNA and nitrogenase polypeptides. Nitrogenase mRNA is remarkably stable. After blocking transcription with rifampicin, hybridizable and actively translatable nitrogenase mRNA survives with an average half-life of 18 min. Half-lives are considerably shorter when rifampicin-inhibited cultures are simultaneously shifted to conditions which are non-permissive for nitrogenase synthesis, pointing to some posttranscriptional influence on nitrogenase mRNA stability. In all experiments performed there was no evidence for uncoupling of nitrogenase mRNA synthesis from nitrogenase mRNA translation, indicating that nitrogenase synthesis is regulated solely by transcriptional control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00527069
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agricultural nitrogen model: A tool for regional environmental management (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen ; Model ; Agriculture ; Mass balance ; Ground-water ; Denitrification ; Immobilization ; Dry deposition ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrate ; Florida
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A detailed nitrogen budget was devised for agricultural activities in the Florida peninsula, based on routine data published by state agricultural agencies. The model demonstrates that important unmonitored fluxes of nitrogen can often be calculated by mass balance on individual model compartments, and that the reasonability of poorly quantified fluxes can be assessed. The results of such models can be very useful in designing and assessing the results of field experiments and in prioritizing environmental monitoring programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867279
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The occurrence of coryneform bacteria in the leaf cavity of Azolla (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 127 (1980), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Arthrobacter ; Corynebacterium ; Anabaena azollae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Coryneform bacteria were found associated with the nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae in the leaf cavity of Azolla caroliniana. Plate counts indicated ca. 7,400±1,900 bacterial cells per mature leaf cavity or approximately 1 bacterial cell for every algal cell. No other type of bacterium was found in these cavities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428020
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of klebsiella his and nif genes in serratia marcescens, Erwinia herbicola and Proteus mirabilis (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 127 (1980), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Proteus mirabilis ; Serratia marcescens ; Erwinia herbicola ; Nitrogen fixation ; nif genes ; his genes ; Plasmids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Plasmid pRD1, an R plasmid of the P incompatibility group which carries his and nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae in addition to drug resistance markers derived from RP4, was transferred to His- mutants of Serratia marcescens, Erwinia herbicola and Proteus mirabilis. His+ transconjugants were obtained at low but different frequencies according to recipient genus. Transconjugants all acquired the drug resistance, and were Nif+ in S. marcescens and E. herbicola, having acetylene-reducing activities of the same order of magnitude as the parent K. pneumoniae and fixing 15N2. No evidence for nif expression in P. mirabilis transconjugants was obtained though the nif genes were present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428014
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen metabolism inRhodopseudomonas globiformis (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhodospirillaceae ; Rhodopseudomonas globiformis ; Nitrogen metabolism ; Nitrogen fixation ; Glutamine synthetase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Rhodopseudomonas globiformis strain 7950 grew with a variety of amino acids, urea, or N2 as sole nitrogen sources. Cultures grown on N2 reduced acetylene to ethylene; this activity was absent from cells grown on nonlimiting NH 4 + . Glutamate dehydrogenase could not be detected in extracts of cells of strain 7950, although low levels of an alanine dehydrogenase were present. Growth ofR. globiformis on NH 4 + was severely inhibited by the glutamate analogue and glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine. High levels of glutamine synthetase (as measured in the γ-glutamyl transferase assay) were observed in cell extracts of strain 7950 regardless of the nitrogen source, although N2 and amino acid grown cells contained somewhat higher glutamine synthetase contents than cells grown on excess NH 4 + . Levels of glutamate synthase inR. globiformis were consistent with that reported from other phototrophic bacteria. Both glutamate synthase and alanine dehydrogenase were linked to NADH as coenzyme. We conclude thatR. globiformis is capable of fixing N2, and assimilates NH 4 + primarily via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00943761
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of formate metabolism in nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium Spp. (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 312-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhizobium japonicum ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Formate metabolism ; Formate dehydrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase ; Bacteroids ; Symbiosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Formate metabolism supported nitrogen-fixation activity in free-living cultures of Rhizobium japonicum. However, formate0dependent nitrogense activity was observed only in the presence of carbon sources such as glutamate, ribose or aspartate which by themselves were unable to support nitrogenase activity. Formate-dependent nitrogenase activity was not detected in the presence of carbon sources such as malate, gluconate or glycerol which by themselves supported nitrogenase activity. A mutant strain of R. japonicum was isolated that was unable to utilise formate and was shown to lack formate dehydrogenase activity. This mutant strain exhibited no formate-dependent nitrogenase activity. Both the wild-type and mutant strains nodulated soybean plants effectively and there were no significant differences in the plant dry weight or total nitrogen content of the respective plants. Furthermore pea bacteroids lacked formate dehydrogenase activity and exogenously added formate had no stimulatory effect on the endogenous oxygen uptake rate. The role of formate metabolism in symbiotic nitrogen fixation is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521297
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Whole cell respiration and nitrogenase activities in Azotobacter vinelandii growing in oxygen controlled continuous culture (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Azotobacter vinelandii ; Continuous culture ; Oxygen control ; Nitrogen fixation ; Respiratory protection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Azotobacter vinelandii strain OP was grown in continuous culture at various dissolved oxygen concentrations of air (100% air saturation of the medium=225 ±14 μM O2). Sucrose was added as carbon source and either dinitrogen or ammonia as nitrogen sources. Irrespective of the nitrogen source steady state cultures showed the following general responses with dissolved oxygen concentrations increasing from about 1% to 30% air saturation: (i) cell protein levels, (ii) the amount of cell protein formed per sucrose consumed as well as (iii) nitrogenase activity decreased by at least a factor of two while (iv) cellular respiration increased. At higher oxygen concentrations the parameters changed only slightly, if at all. Increasing the sucrose concentration in the inflowing medium (s R) from 3 g/l to 15 g/l increased the total level of cellular respiration with nitrogen-fixing cultures but was more pronounced with ammonium-assimilating cultures. With nitrogen-fixing cultures cell protein levels increased five-fold while the ratio of protein formed per sucrose consumed as well as cellular nitrogenase activity remained unaffected. With ammonium-assimilating cultures the cell protein level was only doubled and the level of cell protein formed per sucrose consumed was decreased at the higher s R. Increasing the dilution rate at a constant oxygen concentration of 45% air saturation resulted in an almost parallel increase of both cellular respiratory and nitrogenase activity at low and moderate dilution rates. At high dilution rates nitrogenase activity increased steeply over the respiratory activity. Nitrogen-fixing cultures adapted to various oxygen concentrations were subjected to oxygen stress by increasing the oxygen concentration for 7 min. In all cases, this resulted in a complete inhibition (‘switch-off’) of nitrogenase activity. Upon restoration of the original oxygen concentration nitrogenase activity returned to a decreased level. The discussion arrives at the conclusion that some of the results are incompatible with the concept of respiratory protection of nitrogenase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429410
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chroococcus S24 and Chroococcus N41 (cyanobacteria): morphological, biochemical and genetic characterization and effects of water stress on ultrastructure (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Water stress ; Taxonomy ; DNA ; Plasmids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two strains of desiccation-tolerant coccoid cyanobacteria, Chroococcus S24, a marine form, and Chroococcus N41, a cryptoendolith isolated from a hot-desert rock, have been characterized. The mol % DNA base compositions of the strains are 47.1 and 48.9% respectively. Plasmid DNA was not detected in either strain. The pigment contents and nutritional characteristics of the strains are identical. Both lack phycoerythrinoid pigments and, in culture, behave as slow-growing halotolerant marine forms with elevated requirements for Na+, Cl−, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Sucrose was the only carbon source of those tested that supported photoheterotrophic growth. Each strain synthesizes nitrogenase under anaerobic conditions but not in air. Morphologically the two strains are indistinguishable. They are considered to be independent isolates of the same cyanobacterial species. Chroococcus N41 was studied in detail with the electron microscope. When brought to equilibrium at matric water potentials of-168 MPa and lower (to-673 MPa=c0.12a w) the protoplast shrinks, but the cells maintain the same size and diameter as those at-2,156 kPa (MN medium; control); the sheath expands and remains attached to the cell wall outer membrane by fibrils. The cell wall, cell membrane, thylakoid membranes, cyanophycin granules and carboxysomes appeared intact in desiccated cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408014
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogen uptake deficient mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen production ; Nitrogen fixation ; Hydrogen recycling ; Hydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata lacking uptake hydrogenase activity have been isolated among those unable to grow photoautotrophically. Studies with these mutants showed increases in nitrogenase mediated H2 production from all substrates tested. In addition, photosynthetic synthetic growth on N2 with malate as carbon source was not affeced by the block in H2 uptake even under low light. Under these growth conditions hydrogen was observed to accumulate in mutant but not in wild-type cultures. This finding suggested that H2 was evolved by nitrogenase during N2 fixation by this photosynthetic bacterium and was efficiently recycled in the wild type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00415604
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Involvement of ammonium metabolism in the nitrate inhibition of nitrogen fixation in Anabaena sp. strain ATCC 33047 (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 81-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia production ; Anabaena ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain ATCC 33047 dinitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction are mutually exclusive processes. Nitrate promotes nitrate reductase synthesis and represses nitrogenase formation. Inhibition of ammonium assimilation by l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine (MSX) alleviates the repressive effect of nitrate on nitrogenase synthesis, thus indicating that the nitrate effect is indirect through metabolites generated from the ammonium derived from nitrate reduction. In MSX-treated cells both nitrate reduction and dinitrogen fixation take place simultaneously, although at different sites of the filament, without any apparent competition for the required reducing power. The MSX-treated Anabaena cells generate ammonium from both nitrate and dinitrogen, simultaneously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404777
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformations of inorganic nitrogen by Azospirillum spp. (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrate respiration ; Denitrification ; Assimilatory nitrate reduction ; Dissimilatory nitrate reduction ; Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Azospirillum spp. participate in all steps of the nitrogen cycle except nitrification. They can fix molecular nitrogen and perform assimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate respiration. Culture conditions have been defined under which nitrate is used both as terminal respiratory electron acceptor and as nitrogen source for growth. Nitrate and, possibly to a very limited extent, nitrite, but not sulfate, iron or fumarate support anaerobic respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate can also supply energy for nitrogen fixation but without supporting growth. Nitrate-dependent nitrogenase activity lasts only for 3–4 h until the enzymes of assimilatory nitrate reduction are synthesized. Nitrite accumulates during this period and inhibits nitrogenase activity at concentrations of about 1 mM.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411058
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organisation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes on a Rhizobium trifolii symbiotic plasmid (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhizobium trifolii ; Symbiosis ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiotic genes ; Reiterated sequences ; Plasmid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A Rhizobium trifolii symbiotic plasmid specific gene library was constructed and the physical organisation of regions homologous to nifHDK, nifA and nod genes was determined. These symbiotic gene regions were localised to u 25 kb region on the sym-plasmid, pPN1. In addition four copies of a reiterated sequence were identified on this plasmid, with one copy adjacent to nifH. No rearrangement of these reiterated sequences was observed between R. trifolii bacterial and bacteroid DNA. Analysis of a deletion derivative of pPN1 showed that these sequences were spread over a 110 kb region to the left of nifA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401991
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation and nitrate utilization by marine and freshwater Beggiatoa (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Beggiatoa ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Nitrate assimilation ; Microaerobic ; Isolation of marine strains
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four newly isolated marine strains of Beggiatoa and five freshwater strains were tested for nitrogen fixation in slush agar medium. All strains reduced acetylene when grown microaerobically in media containing a reduced sulfur source and lacking added combined nitrogen. The addition of 2 mmol N, as nitrate or ammonium salts, completely inhibited this reduction. Although not optimized for temperature or cell density, acetylene reduction rates ranged from 3.2 to 12 nmol·mg prot-1 min-1. Two freshwater strains did not grow well or reduce acetylene in medium lacking combined nitrogen if sulfide was replaced by thiosulfate. Two other strains grew well in liquid media lacking both combined nitrogen and reduced sulfur compounds but only under lowered concentrations of air. All freshwater strains grew well in medium containing nitrate as the combined nitrogen source. Since they did not reduce acetylene under these conditions, we infer that they can assimilate nitrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414997
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The uptake and hydrolysis of disaccharides by fast-and slow-growing species of Rhizobium (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 238-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Rhizobium ; Disaccharide ; Bacteroid ; Transport ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Slow growing strains of rhizobia appear to lack both uptake systems and catabolic enzymes for disaccharides. In the fast-growing strains of rhizobia there are uptake mechanisms and catabolic enzymes for disaccharide metabolism. In Rhizobium leguminosarum WU 163 and WU235 and R. trifolii WU290, sucrose and maltose uptake appears to be constitutive whereas in R. meliloti WU60 and in cowpea Rhizobium NGR234 uptake of these disaccharides is inducible. There is evidence that there are at least two distinct disaccharide uptake systems in fast-growing rhizobia, one transporting sucrose, maltose and trehalose and the other, lactose. Disaccharide uptake is via an active process since uptake is inhibited by azide, dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone but not by arsenate. Bacteroids of R. leguminosarum WU235 and R. lupini WU8 are unable to accumulate disaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425257
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactions between cyanobacterium and fungus during 15N2-incorporation and metabolism in the lichen Peltigera canina (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 136-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia assimilation ; Lichen symbioses ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N kinetics ; Peltigera canina
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract On following N2-incorporation and subsequent metabolism in the lichen Peltigera canina using 15N as tracer, it was found, over a 30 min period, that greatest initial labelling was into NH 4 + followed by glutamate and the amide-N of glutamine. Labelling of the amino-N of glutamine, aspartate and alanine increased slowly. Pulse-chase experiments using 15N confirmed this pattern. On inhibiting the GS-GOGAT pathway using l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine and azaserine, 15N enrichment of glutamate, alanine and aspartate continued although labelling of glutamine was undetectable. From this and enzymic data, NH 4 + assimilation in the P. canina thallus appears to proceed via GS-GOGAT in the cyanobacterium and via GDH in the fungus; aminotransferases were present in both partners. The cyanobacterium assimilated 44% of the 15N2 fixed; the remainder was liberated almost exclusively as NH 4 + and then assimilated by fungal GDH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407946
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RNA polymerase from Rhizobium japonicum (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): RNA polymerase ; Transcription ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis ; Rhizobium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract DNA-dependend RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) from Rhizobium japonicum was purified. The subunit structure was found to be ββ′α2σ, with the following apparent molecular weights determined by electrophoresis: M r (β and β') 150,000 each, M r (σ) 96,000, M r (α) 40,000, M r (holoenzyme) 490,000, M r (core enzyme) 380,000. The recovery of σ was 28%. RNA polymerase from aerobically grown R. japonicum cells and from nitrogen-fixing cells have the same electrophoretic properties suggesting that no chemical modification of the enzyme occurs when cells undergo this metabolic differentiation. The enzyme is Mg2+-dependent, rifampicin-sensitive, and has optimal activity at alkaline pH (8–10) and at 35–40° C. It binds strongly to bacteriophage T7 promoters, weakly to antibiotic resistance genes, and not at all to cloned R. japonicum nif DNA. Preliminary in vitro transcription experiments, including nif DNA as template, revealed that additional factors may be required for selective transcription from promoters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408017
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen metabolism in Xanthobacter H4-14 (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Xanthobacter ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen sensitivity ; Nitrogen metabolism ; Glutamine synthetase ; Glutamate synthase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract N2-fixation was investigated in the chemoautotrophic hydrogen bacterium Xanthobacter H4-14. N2-fixing batch cultures of this organism could only be grown at pO2 values of around 0.02 bar, and in continuous culture dissolved oxygen tensions above 16 μM were found to inhibit N2-fixation. Xanthobacter H4-14 utilized a variety of amino acids, nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen sources. Cell-free extracts from steady-state continuous cultures of ammonia grown, nitrate grown and N2-fixing Xanthobacter were assayed for the presence of ammonia assimilation enzymes. No alanine dehydrogenase or glutamate dehydrogenase activity was detected. Ammonia was assimilated exclusively via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway, irrespective of the extracellular concentration of ammonia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409848
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutathione reductase activity in heterocysts and vegetative cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Glutathione reductase ; Cyanobacteria ; Nostoc muscorum ; O2 protection ; Glutathione ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Glutathione reductase activity was detected and characterized in heterocysts and vegetative cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. The activity of the enzyme varied between 50 and 150 nmol reduced glutathione· min-1·mg protein-1, and the apparent Km for NADPH was 0.125 and 0.200 mM for heterocysts and vegetative cells, respectively. The enzyme was found to be sensitive to Zn+2 ions, however, preincubation with oxidized glutathione rendered its resistance to Zn+2 inhibition. Nostoc muscorum filaments were found to contain 0.6–0.7mM glutathione, and it is suggested that glutathione reductase can regenerate reduced glutathione in both cell types. The combined activity of glutathione reductase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in heterocysts was as high as 18 nmol reduced glutathione·min-1·mg protein-1. A relatively high superoxide dismutase activity was found in the two cell types; 34.2 and 64.3 enzyme units·min-1·mg protein-1 in heterocysts and vegetative cells, respectively. We suggest that glutathione reductase plays a role in the protection mechanism which removes oxygen radicals in the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454930
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation associated with a hotspring green alga (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 124 (1980), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Green alga ; Chl a and b ; DCMU ; Light and O2 dependency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A unicellular alga which can grow in the light without a combined nitrogen source was isolated from a hot spring. The cells were almost spherical, usually 5–10 μm in diameter. Absorption spectra of the watersoluble pigments and of the acetone-extracted ones revealed the existence of chlorophyll a and b and the absence of phycobilins. Thin sections examined by electron microscopy revealed an eukaryotic organization with features typical of the coccoid green algae (the Chlorococcales). Cells divided by internal cytokinesis and subsequent liberation of daughter cells from the parental wall, in a way similar to Chlorella. The alga reduced acetylene to ethylene and incorporated 15N2 into cell protoplasm when incubated in a low oxygen atmosphere. Nitrogenase activity was light-dependent, microaerophilic and thermophilic. Although the association of symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokaryotes with the cells may still be possible, any such organisms have not so far been detected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427722
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    L-Methionine-SR-sulfoximine as a probe for the role of glutamine synthetase in nitrogenase switch-off by ammonia and glutamine in Rhodopseudomonas palustris (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase regulation ; Glutamine synthetase ; Methionine suofoximine ; Rhodospirillaceae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Methionine sulfoximine (MSX), an irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase of Rhodopseudomonas palustris restored nitrogenase activity to cells in which nitrogenase had been completely inhibited by ammonia switch-off. After addition of MSX, there was a lag period before nitrogenase activity was fully restored. During this lag, glutamine synthetase activity progressively decreased, and near the time of its complete inhibition, nitrogenase activity resumed. Nitrogenase switch-off by ammonia thus required active glutamine synthetase. Glutamine itself caused nitrogenase inhibition whose reversal by MSX depended on the relative ratio of MSX to glutamine. Unlike ammonia, glutamine inhibited nitrogenase under conditions where glutamine synthetase activity was absent. This indicates that glutamine is the effector molecule in nitrogenase switch-off, for instance by interacting with the enzymatic system for Fe protein inactivation. The effects of glutamine and MSX were also dependent on the culture age. Possible explanation for this and for the competitive effects are a common binding site within the regulatory apparatus for nitrogenase, or, in part, within a common transport system. Some observations with MSX were extended to Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and agreed with those in R. palustris.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429400
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of oxygen concentration on dark nitrogen fixation and respiration in cyanobacteria (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Respiration ; Nitrogen fixation ; Heterocysts ; K m for O2 ; Anabaena variabilis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous measurements of acetylene reduction by Anabaena variabilis and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the suspension were made using a specially designed vessel which allowed measurements under steady-state conditions. The rate of acetylene reduction in the dark increased with increasing oxygen concentrations until a maximum value was reached at 300 μM O2 (corresponding to 30% O2 in the gas phase at 35°C). This presumably results from a requirement for energy provided by respiration. Measurements of the dependence of respiration rate on dissolved oxygen concentration were made under comparable conditions using an open system to allow conditions close to steady-state to be obtained. The respiration rate of diazotrophically grown Anabaena variabilis had a dependence on oxygen concentration corresponding to the sum of two activities. These had K m values of 1.0 μM and 69 μM and values of V max of similar magnitude. Only the high affinity activity was observed in nitrate-grown cyanobacteria lacking heterocysts, and this presumably represent activity in the vegetative cells. The oxygen concentration dependence of the low affinity activity resembled that for the stimulation of acetylene reduction. We interpret this as the result of oxygen uptake by the heterocysts. The results are consistent with the idea that in intact filaments of cyanobacteria O2 enters heterocysts much more slowly than it enters the vegetative cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413483
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Denitrification by Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Denitrification ; Nitrate respiration ; Nitrous oxide reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Azospirillum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nitrous oxide reduction can consistently be demonstrated with high activities in cells of Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 which are grown anaerobically in the presence of low amounts of nitrite. Azospirillum can even grow anaerobically with nitrous oxide in the absence of any other respiratory electron acceptor. Nitrous oxide reduction by Azospirillum is inhibited by acetylene, amytal and weakly by carbon monoxide. Azospirillum converts nitrous oxide to molecular nitrogen without the formation of ammonia. The cells must, therefore, be supplied with ammonia from nitrogen fixation during anaerobic growth with nitrous oxide. When no other nitrogen compound besides nitrous oxide is available in the medium, the bacteria synthesize nitrogenase from protein reserves in about 2 h. Nitrogenase synthesis is blocked by chloramphenicol under these conditions. In contrast, the addition of nitrate or nitrite to the medium represses the synthesis of nitrogenase. Nitrous oxide reduction by Azospirillum and other microorganisms is possibly of ecological significance, because the reaction performed by the bacteria may remove nitrous oxide from soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402122
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between the state of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase I and the export of ammonium in free-living, N2-fixing Rhizobium (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium export ; Ammonium assimilation ; Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium sp. 32H1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between ammonium assimilation and ammonium export has been studied in free-living, N2-fixing Rhizobium sp. 32H1. After 55 to 67 h of microaerobic growth under a gas phase of 0.2% O2 – 1.0% CO2 – 98.8% Ar high levels of nitrogenase were observed concomitant with a slightly adenylylated glutamine synthetase (GSI) and some glutamine synthetase (GSII) activity. However, after growth of 89 h, or longer, GSI became adenylylated and the level of GSII had decreased. When the gas phase was shifted to 0.2% O2 – 1.0% CO2 – 98.8% N2, a lag was observed before ammonium export could be detected in the 55 to 67 h cultures. No lag in ammonium export was observed in the cultures previously grown for 89 h. The onset of ammonium export in the 55 to 67 h cultures was found to correlate with the adenylylation state of GSI. There appeared to be no correlation between the level of GSII and the export of ammonium. Neither an increase in the adenylylation level of GSI nor ammonium export was observed when the 55 to 67 h cultures were maintained under the Ar gas mixture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425402
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rye chromosome translocations in hexaploid wheat: a re-evaluation of the loss of heterochromatin from rye chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264422
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutenin subunits of genetically related European hexaploid wheat cultivars: Their relation to bread-making quality (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263099
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal location of genes controlling seed proteins in species related to wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Seed proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Ae. umbellulata ; Ag. elongatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The seed proteins of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat stocks which possess single chromosomes from other plant species related to wheat have been separated by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Marker protein bands have been detected for both arms of barley chromosome 5, chromosome E (= 1R) and B (= 2R) of rye, chromosomes A,B (= 1Cu) and C (= 5Cu) of Aegilops umbellulata and chromosomes I and III of Agropyron elongatum. These studies, and previous findings, indicate that chromosome 5 of barley, chromosome 1R of rye, chromosome I of Ag. elongatum and possibly chromosome 1Cu of Ae. umbellulata are similar to chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D in hexaploid wheat in that they carry genes controlling prolamins on their short arms and genes controlling high-molecular-weight (apparent molecular weight greater than 86,000) seed protein species on their long arms. These findings support the idea that all these chromosomes are derived from a common ancestral chromosome and that they have maintained their integrity since their derivation from that ancestral chromosome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275771
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monosomic analysis of genes for resistance against stem rust races in bread wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Monosomic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using monosomic analysis genes governing resistance in one wheat variety, ‘E5883’, against stem rust races 15C and 122, were located on specific chromosomes. Against race 15C, a major dominant gene, Sr6, was located on chromosome 2D of ‘E5883’ with minor modifiers found on chromosomes 4A and 6D. Against race 122, the presence of a recessive hemizygous ineffective gene, Sr8, was identified, located on chromosome 6A of variety ‘E5883’.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264984
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysing environments for plant breeding purposes as exemplified by multivariate analyses of long term wheat yields (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental evaluation ; Plant breeding ; Multivariate analysis ; Wheat ; Climatic variable
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A previous attempt to relate long term yields from the Western Australian wheat belt to climatic factors proved only partially successful. Here, principal component analysis has been used to examine the patterns of variability created by those socio-economic factors which may have obscured any underlying relationship which existed between yield and climate. In fact, these analyses revealed the existence of variation peculiar to particular groups of years, a result which could explain why many attempts to relate crop yields directly to climatic factors have proved unsuccessful. The plant breeding implications of these genotype x environment interactions are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264985
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variation in wheat endosperm proteins: an analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis using intervarietal chromosomal substitution lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Electro phoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The major endosperm proteins in a range of genotypes of hexaploid wheat have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The genotypes included nine varieties and forty four intervarietal substitution lines in which chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B or 6D from eight of the varieties have been introduced one at a time into a common genetic background. The appearance of different protein subunits was often correlated with a chromosome substitution. This showed that many of the genes for the high molecular weight protein subunits (molecular weight range 55,000 to 140,000 determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are specified by chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D while many of the lower molecular weight subunits (molecular weight range 30,000 to 45,000) are specified by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D. The different protein subunits correlated with chromosome substitution could not always be recognised in the varietal source of the substituted chromosome. The different subunits specified by homologous chromosomes in different wheat varieties may differ in isoelectric point and/or molecular weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276450
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes in photosynthetic and respiratory activity of wheat leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (T), semi-dwarf (D1), dwarf (D2) and very dwarf (D3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. Two cultivars were included in each height group. Cultivars carrying ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes (D1, D2 and D3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (T) that lack these genes. Among the ‘Norin’ gene carriers, dwarf group (D2) was most efficient, followed by very dwarf (D3) and semi-dwarf (D1). Photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate were found to have a positive relationship.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282421
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Predicting the frequencies of transgressive segregants for yield and yield components in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Genetical analysis ; Cross prediction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetical analysis of the F2 triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F6 lines previously developed by single seed descent. For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population. These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293344
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes determined by chromosome pairing and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in common wheat background (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Agropyron ; Chromosome pairing ; Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-Agropyron addition series were determined. Chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines TAF-2 and L7 of ‘Vilmorin’-A. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines P and C of the ‘Caribo’-A. intermedium set respectively. Localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in ‘Vilmorin’-Agropyron addition line L4 and in ‘Caribo’-Agropyron line O indicated relationships with wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303996
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304000
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inheritance of glutenin subunits in F1 seeds of reciprocal crosses between European hexaploid wheat cultivars (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glutenin ; Wheat ; Co-dominance ; Bread-making
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Ten pairs of reciprocal crosses have been made between wheat cultivars which show differences in their glutenin subunit compositions. The F1 seed glutenin subunit composition was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The results indicate that all the high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) subunits (from 133,000 to 65,000 daltons) are transmitted to the F1 seed generation from the parental cultivars. In accordance with the triploid nature of the heterozygous endosperm (3n) and with the maternal and paternal gene dosage ratio (2∶1) in the endosperm itself, a significant effect of maternal parent is registered when comparing pairs of reciprocal seeds. Genes coding for the glutenin subunits are expressed whatever their doses are (one, two, or three) in the hybrid endosperm; thus the glutenin subunits inheritance is consistent with the co-dominant type. For one pair of the reciprocal crosses, two MMW parental bands (MW: 71,000 and 66,000) seemed absent in the F1 seed patterns while a new band with an intermediate, apparent MW (68,000) appears. This phenomenon was observed when the glutenins analyzed by electrophoresis were previously separated from other endosperm proteins, and not when they were directly extracted from the ground seed. We assume that the extraction can cause interactions between moieties attached to the subunits and lead to the formation of a complex having an intermediate electrophoretic mobility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272713
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The chromosomal location of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303774
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between the Rht 1 and Rht 2 dwarfing genes and grain weight in Triticum aestivum L. spring wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Inheritance ; Culm-length ; GA insensitivity ; Grain weight ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The study was carried out in the first year on samples of random F5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in grain weight and in their Rht gene. In the second year only the progenies of the early heading F5 lines were studied. All the material was grown in the absence of lodging. The culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling GA response test. No differences in grain weight were found between the two semi dwarf genotypes (Rht 1Rht1 rht 2rht2 and rht 1rht1 Rht 2Rht2). The tall genotype (rht 1rht1 rht 2rht2) was significantly higher in grain weight than the two semi dwarf genotyes and the grain weight of these genotypes exceeded markedly the grain weight of the dwarf genotype (Rht 1Rht1 Rht 2Rht2). These genotypic effects were independent of differences in plant height, heading date or number of grains per spike.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265191
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene Rht3 in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Dwarfism ; Yield ; Quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the ‘Tom Thumb’ Rht3 dwarfing gene in wheat on plant height, yield components and grain quality in field trials of random inbred lines from two ‘Minister Dwarf’ (Rht3) x rht3 crosses are described. Limited genetic increases in Rht3 plant height, up to 70 cm, were achieved by incorporating genes from the extremely tall variety ‘April Bearded’. Amongst lines from the higher yielding cross, the dwarfing gene did not reduce grain yield but was associated with an increase in grain number of over 25%. Although Rht3 reduced grain protein content by up to 0.8%, breadmaking quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation values and baking tests, was not affected. A controlled environment experiment with near-isogenic Rht3 and rht3 lines indicated that reduced grain size in the dwarfs is a competitive response to the increase in fertility rather than a primary effect of the dwarfing gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251155
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The regeneration of plants from frozen pollen embryos and zygotic embryos of wheat and rice (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Cryopreservation ; Embryo culture ; Haploids ; Wheat ; Rice ; Germplasm bank
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Anther culture derived pollen embryos and immature zygotic embryos of wheat and rice, frozen in liquid nitrogen in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose and glycerol, have been revived. The retrieved cultures proliferated and/or regenerated shoots and plantlets. The prospects of the cryopreservation of embryos for the conservation and multiplication of germplasm and the possibility of the establishment of ‘Germplasm Banks’ are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264898
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for maternal effect in the inheritance of grain protein in crosses between cultivated and wild tetraploid wheats (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Triticum ; Grain protein ; Grain weight ; Maternal effect ; Cytoplasmic effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between cultivated wheat (Triticum turgidum var. ‘durum’) and a high-protein line of wild tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum var. ‘dicoccoides’). F1 grains (on maternal spikes) were very similar to the selfed grains on the maternal parent in protein percentage, weight and protein content. These traits were also analyzed in F3 grains developed on F2 spikes of segregating populations derived from reciprocal crosses between the same cultivated parent and another high-protein line of var. ‘dicoccoides’. No significant differences in the mean values of these traits were found between the reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect. It has been concluded that these grain characteristics are largely determined by the maternal plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264897
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heritability of grain yield, plant height and test weight of a population of winter wheat adapted to Southwestern Ontario (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 21-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Heritability ; Yield ; Height
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The population consisted of F2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to S. W. Ontario. Heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. Predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. The low heritability for yield indicates that effective selection would require pedigree information and progeny tests, while the high heritabilities for height and test weight indicate that selection for these traits using single plots would be appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252304
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264875
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chitinase as a possible resistance factor for higher plants (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; Genetic engineering ; Yellow rust ; Wheat ; Chitinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Virulence and resistance may act on the same biochemical mechanisms. Because Erwinia-virulence on potato depends on the lysis of cell walls of the host, resistance may depend on the lysis of cell walls of the parasite. An example is given with yellow rust on wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264887
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aneuploid analysis of low molecular weight gliadins from wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264427
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265174
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a 4A/7R and a 7B/4R wheat-rye chromosome translocation (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Gene transfer ; Translocations ; Homoeologous genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary By producing chromosome substitutions with ‘Imperial rye’ chromosomes 4R (C) and 7R (D) in the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ two spontaneous translocation lines were obtained. One involves segments of wheat chromosome 4A and rye chromosome 7R, the other involves portions of wheat chromosome 7B and rye chromosome 4R
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275773
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic studies of frost resistance in wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Frost resistance ; Diallel cross ; F2monosomics ; Substitutions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetic studies of frost resistance were performed on various wheat varieties using diallel, F2 monosomic and substitution analysis. A six-parental cross including reciprocals was carried out, and F1 hybrids and their parents were used for the freezing tests under controlled conditions. Both the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, indicating additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of frost resistance. The high GCA∶SCA ratio revealed a preponderance of additive genetic variance. No significant reciprocal differences were found between the reciprocal crosses. The variance/covariance graphical analysis indicated the partial dominance of frost sensitivity. Frost sensitive varieties had the largest number of dominant genes, while frost resistant varieties had the highest proportion of recessive genes. The magnitude of the additive component of variation was higher than that of the dominance component, and the overall measure of the degree of dominance was smaller than one, so average dominance is incomplete. The increasing and decreasing alleles are not equally frequent at all loci. In this set of wheat varieties the values of narrow and broad heritability are relatively high. F2 monosomic analysis of the winter wheat variety ‘Arthur’ crossed with the monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the average frost resistance of all the 21 monosomics was lower than that of the disomic. F2 monosomic hybrids 5A, 2B, 4B and 5D proved to be relatively frost resistant, while monosomics 3A, 3B and 6D were the most sensitive. The control of frost resistance in the set of chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ (with the exception of 2B) indicated that the genes responsible for the frost resistance of ‘Cheyenne’ are localised in chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B, 5B, 4D and 5D. The genetic basis of frost resistance and problems of analysis are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264968
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical markers associated with two Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat-Aegilops addition lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Aegilops ventricosa ; Addition lines ; Biochemical markers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of three biochemical markers, U-1, CM-4 and Aphv-a, -b, among wheat-Aegilops addition lines carrying Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) has been investigated. Addition lines which had been previously grouped together on the basis of common non-biochemical characters carried marker U-1, a protein component from the 2M urea extract. The added chromosome, in the appropriate genetic background, seems to confer a high level of resistance to the eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Cercosporella herpotrichoides. The other two markers were concomitantly associated with another similarly formed group of addition lines. Both CM-4, a protein component from the chloroform:methanol extract, and Aphv-a, -b, alkaline phosphate isozymes, have been previously shown to be associated with homoeologous chromosome group 4, which suggests that the added chromosome in the second group of addition lines is 4Mv.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275171
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Observed and hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of some genotypes of wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Leaf rust ; Resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of 15 genotypes of wheat were generated by integrating the components of slow rusting resistance determined in the glasshouse. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) from the hypothetical and observed leaf rust progress curves were compared. It was found that the hypothetical AUDPC values of all the genotypes studied were smaller than their respective observed AUDPC values. Possible causes for the discrepancies in the observed and hypothetical values are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282422
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Race-specific interactions between wheat genotypes and Indian cultures of stem rust (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gene expression ; Resistance ; Local virulence ; Stem rust ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Near isogenic/substitution lines of stem rust resistance genes in different backgrounds of ‘Marquis’, ‘Chinese Spring’ and W 2691 and certain varieties with known genes for stem rust resistance were tested against each of 19 Indian cultures of stem rust races/biotypes (14, 15, 17, 21, 21A-1, 24, 34, 40, 40A, 42, 42B, 117, 117A, 117A-1, 122, 184, 194, 222 and 295). Sr 24 (‘Sear's 3D/Ag’), Sr 24 (TR 380-27 4/3 Ag 14-White seeded recombinant with ‘Agent’ type resistance), Sr 25 (‘Sear's 7D/Ag’), Sr 26 (‘Eagle’), Sr 26 (Knott's 6A/Ag translocation), Sr 27 (WRT 238-5), Combination line (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9b) were observed to be completely effective against all the 19 cultures tested. In addition, a number of lines, such as TAF2d (Sr Agi), Line W(Sr Tt2) and Combination III (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9e), were found to be effective against at least three of the most prevalent races (21, 40A and 117A-1) and a virulent race 122 in Indian natural population. Lines carrying genes other than Sr 2, Sr 9a, Sr 9f (‘Chinese Spring’) and Sr 15 (‘Norka’), and Line E were found to be resistant to one or more cultures of stem rust. The background effect upon the expression of a gene was observed by comparing the range of infection on single gene host lines in either different backgrounds and/or in cultivars with known genes for stem rust resistance against the 12 cultures of stem rust races found in India.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264522
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of genes for resistance against two Indian cultures of stem rust races of two bread wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Inheritance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two bread wheat accessions, E5008 and E6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against Indian cultures of stem rust races, 15C and 122. The inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the F1 and F2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, ‘Agra Local’) and F2 progenies from the backcross to ‘Agra Local’. Tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. The identity of the genes for resistance has been established from relevant crosses with single gene lines carrying known genes for resistance. A single dominant gene effective to race 15C in E5008 has been demonstrated to be Sr9b. Of the two recessive genes, each producing distinct infection types (0; and 1–3) against race 122, one gene has been inferred to be Sr12 and the second to be a hitherto undesignated gene. The resistance of E6160 against race 15C is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive. The dominant gene has been identified as Sr9b. The recessive gene has been inferred to be a new gene. Similarly, a dominant gene effective against race 122 in E6160 has been observed to be different from those so far designated. In addition, the presence of modifier gene/s in the variety, E6160 has been suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264521
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inheritance of glutenin protein subunits of wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Seed proteins ; Glutenin protein ; subunits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The inheritance of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin protein subunits in hexaploid wheat has been investigated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the segregation of these subunits in 496 test-cross seeds. The parents of the f1 hybrid were chosen so that the test-cross seeds segregated for all the HMW glutenin bands. Two glutenin subunits from one parent, believed to be controlled by genes on chromosome 1D, segregated as alternatives to two glutenin subunits from the other parent, a result that supports the assumption that these subunits are controlled by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. Similar results were obtained for glutenin subunits believed to be controlled by chromosome IB, which suggests that these subunits are controlled also by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. A single glutenin subunit band, believed to be controlled by chromosome 1A, segregated as an alternative to a single glutenin band from the other parent, except that one seed did not possess either band. It was concluded that these bands are controlled either by allelic genes or by nonallelic genes that are very closely linked.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264323
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of a preferentially transmitted Aegilops sharonensis chromosome in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Preferential transmission ; In situ hybridization ; C-banding ; Aegilops sharonensis ; Wheat ; Addition ; Substitution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An attempt to produce a set of addition lines of Aegilops sharonensis to the wheat variety ‘Chinese Spring’ produced only one addition line. This was due to preferential transmission of one chromosome from Ae. sharonensis. This chromosome was studied in detail by established cytological methods of chromosome observation and by the newer techniques of C-banding and in situ hybridization of a cloned DNA sequence. The chromosome was found to be partially homologous to an Ae. sharonensis chromosome of similar behaviour in another wheat addition line. The incomplete homology of the two Ae. sharonensis chromosomes was due to the presence of a translocated segment of a wheat chromosome. — Substitution lines of the Ae. sharonensis chromosome for wheat homoeologous group 4 were produced and the Ae. sharonensis chromosome thereby designated 4 S l .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261506
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (E.C. 1.1.1.1) in callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Callus cultures ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Isoenzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases ADH-1 and ADH-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as Adh-1 and Adh-2 located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, have been reported in aestivum wheat (Hart 1980). Only ADH-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. ADH-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiated calli from aestivum and durum wheats, rye, triticale and also in in vitro regenerated roots and leaves from aestivum cultures. Wheat callus cultures originating from seed, mature and immature embryos, mesocotyl and root, as well as cultures grown on media containing different supplements did not show any variation in the overall expression of ADH-1 or ADH-2, although differences in the band intensities were observed. The callus isoenzyme pattern was similar to that observed in roots under anaerobic conditions. Both ADH-1 and ADH-2 were expressed in in vitro regenerated roots but were absent in regenerated leaves. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 in wheat calli seems to be related to the type of differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276281
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3 in wheat, I. Reduced pre-harvest damage to breadmaking quality (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293343
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic control of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isozymes in cultivated wheat and rye (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Genetic control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivatives were determined. Two genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms CRL (4 RL) and FRL (6 RL) of “Imperial” rye. On the basis of differential interactions between wheat and rye chromosomes, evidence was obtained that genes located on chromosomes 6 A, 6 BL and 7 BL control 6-PGD isozyme activities in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The wheat and rye 6-PGD zymogram phenotypes were indicative of homoeologous relationships between rye chromosome 6 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 6, and rye chromosome 4 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 7.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275094
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The purification and characterization of homologous high molecular weight storage proteins from grain of wheat, rye and barley (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): HMW storage prolamins ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Characterization and purification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Homologous high molecular weight storage prolamins were purified from grain of wheat, rye and barley using combinations of gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the components were single bands with apparent mol.wts. of above 100,000. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation were considerably lower; 54,700, 67,600 and 69,600 for the components from barley, rye and wheat respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of 13.6 to 16.5 mol% glycine, 29.6 to 34.0 mol% glutamate + glutamine, 11.4 to 13.7 mol% proline and a total of 4.0 to 5.7 mol% basic amino acids. Automated N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the component from wheat showed the presence of cysteine residues at positions 5 and 10, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of these proteins in the visco-elastic gluten network.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275097
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    C-banded wheat chromosomes in wheat and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): C-banding ; Wheat ; Triticale ; Heterochromatin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The C-banding patterns of wheat chromosomes in 7 hexaploid triticale and 7 wheat genotypes are described and compared. All 14 wheat chromosome pairs were individually identified in the triticales and a tetraploid wheat, and all the B and two A genome chromosome pairs in the hexaploid wheat genotypes. Little variation was found between genotypes in the distribution of C-bands but considerable variation was found in their size, total number and total length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303488
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The wheat ribosomal DNA spacer region: Its structure and variation in populations and among species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; rDNA ; Sequence ; Populations ; Variation ; Spacer region ; Triticum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The wheat rDNA clone pTA250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. The 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. The sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °C shift in Tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. This corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequence per ΔTm of 1 °C. The sensitivity of the Tm analysis using cloned sequences facilitated the analysis of small sequence variations in the spacer region of different Triticum aestivum cultivars and natural populations of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (referred to as T. dicoccoides). In addition spacer length variation was assayed by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with spacer sequence probes. Extensive polymorphism was observed for the spacer region in various cultivars of T. aestivum, although within each cultivar the rDNA clusters were homogeneous and could be assigned to particular chromosomes. Within natural populations of T. dicoccoides polymorphism was also observed but, once again, within any one individual the rDNA clusters appeared to be homogeneous. The polymorphism, at the sequence level (assayed by Tm analysis), was not so great as to prevent the use of spacer sequence variation as a probe for evolutionary relationships. The length variation as assayed by restriction enzyme digestion did not appear to be as useful in this regard, since its range of variation was extensive even within populations of a species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303905
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosome and nucleotide sequence differentiation in genomes of polyploid Triticum species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosomes ; Nucleotides ; Evolution ; Polyploids ; Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The nature of genome change during polyploid evolution was studied by analysing selected species within the tribe Triticeae. The levels of genome changes examined included structural alterations (translocations, inversions), heterochromatinization, and nucleotide sequence change in the rDNA regions. These analyses provided data for evaluating models of genome evolution in polyploids in the genus Triticum, postulated on the basis of chromosome pairing at metaphase I in interspecies hybrids. The significance of structural chromosome alterations with respect to reduced MI chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids was assayed by determining the incidence of heterozygosity for translocations and paracentric inversions in the A and B genomes of T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum (referred to as T. araraticum) represented by two lines, 1760 and 2541, and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Line 1760 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 4B, 7B and possibly 2B. Line 2541 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 3A, 6A, 6B and possibly 2B. Line 1760 also differed from Chinese Spring by paracentric inversions in arms 1AL and 4AL whereas line 2541 differed by inversions in 1BL and 4AL (not all chromosomes arms were assayed). The incidence of structural changes in the A and B genomes did not coincide with the more extensive differentiation of the B genomes relative to the A genomes as reflected by chromosome pairing studies. To assay changing degrees of heterochromatinization among species of the genus Triticum, all the diploid and polyploid species were C-banded. No general agreement was observed between the amount of heterochromatin and the ability of the respective chromosomes to pair with chromosomes of the ancestral species. Marked changes in the amount of heterochromatin were found to have occurred during the evolution of some of the polyploids. The analysis of the rDNA region provided evidence for rapid “fixation” of new repeated sequences at two levels, namely, among the 130 bp repeated sequences of the spacer and at the level of the repeated arrays of the 9 kb rDNA units. These occurred both within a given rDNA region and between rDNA regions on nonhomologous chromosomes. The levels of change in the rDNA regions provided good precedent for expecting extensive nucleotide sequence changes associated with differentiation of Triticum genomes and these processes are argued to be the principal cause of genome differentiation as revealed by chromosome pairing studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303906
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chloroplast DNA and cytoplasmic male-sterility (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maize ; Wheat ; Rape ; Restriction fragments ; Two dimensional electrophoresis ; Melting profiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper deals with the relationship of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS) of maize, wheat and rape. Intramolecular heterogeneity and fragment patterns of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases were compared and analyzed. For this purpose methods of agarose gel electrophoresis and two dimensional gel electrophoresis with denaturating solvent concentration gradients were applied. 1) Heat denaturation of ctDNA from a male sterile line in maize yielded a profile with three melting regions. This base sequence heterogeneity was not observed for the ctDNA of its maintainer. 2) Maize ctDNA was digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 restriction endonucleases, wheat and rape ctDNA with EcoR1 only. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of the fragment patterns from the sterile lines and their maintainers with the exception of the sterile line in rape which lacked one fragment present in its maintainer. 3) Two dimensional electrophoresis using a gradient of denaturing agents revealed several differences in number and relative positions of the separated restriction endonuclease fragments between the sterile lines and their respective maintainers in all three tested crops. This raises the possibility that changes in ctDNA may be involved in CMS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303770
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic studies of the crossability of hexaploid wheat with rye and Hordeum bulbosum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (Secale cereale L.) and H. bulbosum on both 5A and 5B chromosomes. No reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5D substitution lines. It was found that the Kr1 locus on chromosome 5B had a more pronounced affect on both rye and H. bulbosum crossability than the Kr2 locus on chromosome 5A and that the effects of both loci were cumulative. The Kr alleles affected both rye and H. bulbosum crossability in a linear, or additive, fashion. The Kr 2 allele was shown to have little effect on H. bulbosum crossability compared to a significant effect on rye crossability. Tests with tetrasomic and nulli-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that the kr allele is ‘null’ or inactive in promoting crossability while the Kr allele is active in reducing crossability to both rye and H. bulbosum. Thus, extra doses of the kr allele do not increase rye or H. bulbosum crossability in the presence of the corresponding Kr allele.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274168
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic control of α-Amylase production in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; α-Amylase ; Isozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An analysis of the α-amylase isozymes in GA-treated endosperm of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomics shows that there is more variation at the α-Amy-1 and α-Amy-2 homoeoallelic loci than was previously thought. Among the 16 isozymes produced by genes on the group 7 chromosomes, most could be definitely established as products of a single homoeoallele. Inter-varietal allelic differences would be expected at such loci and clear variation was found in isozymes produced by chromosomes 6B and 7B. The latter allele, α-Amy-B2b carried by the variety ‘Hope’, was used to locate the enzyme structural gene within chromosome 7B relative to the centromere and five other gene markers. The nature of the α-Amy-B2b phenotype and the rare non-parental isozyme patterns found among the recombinant lines indicates that the locus is large and compound, probably involving some degree of intra-locus gene duplication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274170
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterisation of high molecular weight gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat endosperm by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the chromosomal localisation of their controlling genes (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gliadin ; Glutenin ; Tticum ; Wheat ; Endosperm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Gliadins, here defined as those proteins of defatted wheat endosperm which dissolve in 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. The protein which eluted with the void volume of the column, often described as high-molecular-weight (HMW) gliadin, was fractionated by the two different, two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedures of O'Farrell (1975) and O'Farrell et al. (1977). The next two fractions to elute from the gel column, ω-gliadin and α-, β-, γ-gliadin, were analysed similarly. The subunits of HMW gliadin and the classical (i.e. non-aggregated) gliadins map at distinctive positions on the electrophoregrams, the majority of the HMW gliadin subunits being more basic and having a slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than the α-, β-, γ-gliadins. These experiments demonstrate that those gliadins which aggregate to form HMW gliadin are distinct molecular entities and thus coded by different genes to those gliadins which do not aggregate. Glutenin, here prepared by a modification of the pH 6.4 precipitation procedure of Orth and Bushuk (1973), was also analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The low-molecular-weight subunits were found to correspond exactly with the HMW gliadin subunits. Using the nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the genes controlling the synthesis of all the major HMW gliadin subunits were shown to be located on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, as are the genes coding for the ω-gliadins and the majority of the γ-gliadins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281844
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=Triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (Triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281850
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The interaction of nitrogen and carbon monoxide with certain ions and neutral species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1982), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen complexes ; Carbon monoxide complexes ; Electronic effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract MNDO method is used to study the interaction of nitrogen and carbon monoxide molecules with a proton, hydrogen atom, hydride ion, hydrogen molecule ion and hydrogen molecule. Predicted geometries and heats of reaction of different complexes are presented. The wave functions are analyzed in terms of ground state charge distributions and overlap populations. Electronic effects accompanying complexation are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549613
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Subcellular organization of ureide biogenesis from glycolytic intermediates and ammonium in nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium assimilation ; Glycine ; Nitrogen fixation ; Proplastid ; Purine synthesis ; Root nodule ; Ureide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Subcellular organelle fractionation of nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) indicates that a number of enzymes involved in the assimilation of ammonia into amino acids and purines are located in the proplastids. These include asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.1), phosphoribosyl amidotransferase (EC 2.4.2.14), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.95), serine hydroxymethylase (EC 2.1.2.1), and methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.5). Of the two isoenzymes of asparate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) in the nodule, only one was located in the proplastid fraction. Both glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.14) and triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) were associated at least in part with the proplastids. Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.37) were found in significant quantities only in the soluble fraction. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.6.1) was found mostly in the soluble fraction, although small amounts of it were detected in other organelle fractions. These results together with recent organelle fractionation and electron microscopic studies form the basis for a model of the subcellular distribution of ammonium assimilation, amide synthesis and uredie biogenesis in the nodule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402930
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen nutrition and the development and senescence of nodules on cowpea seedlings (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 316-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule development ; Senescence (nodules) ; Vigna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp cv. Vita 3) seedlings inoculated with Rhizobium strain CB756 were cultured with their root systems maintained in air or in Ar: O2 (80:20, v/v) during early nodule development (up to 24 d after sowing). Compared with those in air, seedlings in Ar:O2 showed progressive N deficiency with inhibited shoot growth, reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and total protein levels and loss of chlorophyll in the leaves. Nodule initiation, differentiation of infected and uninfected nodule tissues and the ultrastructure of bacteriod-containing cells were similar in the air and Ar: O2 treatments up to 16 d after sowing. Thereafter the Ar: O2 treatment caused cessation of growth and development of nodules, reduced protein levels in bacteroids and nodule plant cells, and progressive degeneration of nodule ultrastructure leading to premature senescence of these organs. Provision of NO 3 - (0.1–0.2 mM) to Ar: O2-grown seedlings overcame the abovementioned consequences of N2 deficiency on nodule and plant growth, but merely delayed the degenerative effects of Ar: O2 treatment on nodule structure and senescence. Treatment of Ar: O2-grown seedlings with NO 3 - greatly increased the protein level of nodules but the increase was largely restricted to the plant cell fraction as opposed to the bacteroids. By contrast, NO 3 - treatment of air-grown seedlings increased protein of bacteroid and host nodule fractions to the same relative extents when compared with air-grown plants not supplemented with NO 3 - . These findings, taken together with studies of the distribution of N in nodules of symbiotically effective plants grown from 15N-labeled seed, indicate that direct incorporation of fixation products by bacteroids may be a critical feature in the establishment and continued growth of an effective symbiosis in the cowpea seedling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396743
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Appearance of a novel form of plant glutamine synthetase during nodule development in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 254-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Glutamine synthetase ; Leghaemoglobin ; Nitrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus ; Rhizobium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrogenase and leghaemoglobin were measured during nodule development in Phaseolus vulgaris infected with wild-type or two non-fixing (Fix-) mutants of Rhizobium phaseoli. The large increase in GS activity which was observed during nodulation with the wild-type rhizobial strain occurred concomitantly with the detection and increase in activity of nitrogenase and the amount of leghaemoglobin. Moreover, this increase in GS was found to be due entirely to the appearance of a novel form of the enzyme (GSn1) in the nodule. The activity of the form (GSn2) similar to the root enzyme (GSr) remained constant throughout the experiment. In nodules produced by infection with the two mutant strains of Rhizobium phaseoli (JL15 and JL19) only trace amounts of GSn1 and leghaemoglobin were detected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405190
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth of wheat and subterranean clover on soil artificially compacted at various depths (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Hardpans ; Root growth ; Soil compaction ; Subterranean clover ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Wheat crops with stunted chlorotic patches are widespread in northern Victoria, Australia, and are often associated with dense, compacted layers of soil. Poor growth of subterranean clover, with symptoms of cupped and reddened leaflets, is also a problem in these cropping regions during the pasture phase of the rotation. Artificially compacted soils were created to test the hypothesis that these symptoms of poor growth were caused by soil compaction. Soil compacted from 0–20 cm with a bulk density similar to that measured in problem fields reproduced these symptoms in wheat and subterranean clover. Surface compaction alone also reproduced the symptoms in clover.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232947
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancing growth and nitrogen uptake by soybeans using pesticides (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Benomyl ; Pesticides ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soybeans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Benomyl applied to the seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) inoculated with a benomyl resistant strain ofRhizobium japonicum increased the relative abundance of nodules formed by the inoculum strain and the numbers of the added rhizobium on the roots, the total N content, the percentage N, the yield at one plant density and, in one of four soils, the pod weight of soybeans grown in the greenhouse. Oxamyl applied to the seeds, foliage or both of soybeans inoculated with an oxamyl resistant strain ofR. japonicum increased the yield, N content, percentage N, and weight of nodules, pods and grain and enhanced the relative frequency of nodules formed by the inoculum strain. It is suggested that pesticides or other antimicrobial agents and rhizobia resistant to these inhibitors may provide a new means for increasing nitrogen fixation by soybeans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206902
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield increases in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated withAzospirillum lipoferum under greenhouse and field conditions of a temperate region (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum lipoferum ; Grain yield ; N-content ; Nitrogen fixation ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Arkas) was associated withAzospirillum lipoferum under greenhouse and field conditions of a temperate region. Controls were treated with autoclaved bacteria. The soils used were: sand, sandy loam, and a peat-clay mixture. In experiments run over a period of three years, there were increases in grain yield, N-yield of the grains, and 1000 grain weight. Depending from environmental conditions, increase changed from year to year, and within one given year. There was, however, no experiment without positive response to the inoculation. Highest grain yield increase (70%) was found on sand supplemented with P and K only, but up to 32% were also obtained on peat-clay soil containing 0.28% total N. Under greenhouse conditions, one third of technical N-fertilizer could be saved by bacterial activities. With high probability the effects observed have been at least partly due to bacterial N2-fixation, because the N-yield of the grains was increased (up to 33%), and the most pronounced response was found on sand without any N-fertilizer added.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220773
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection for improved nitrogen fixation inGlycine max (L.) Merr. andPhaseolus vulgaris L. (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 315-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Breeding ; Competition ; Glycine max ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary While symbiotic nitrogen (N2) fixation byG. max andP. vulgaris reduces their need for combined N, N2 fixation under field conditions is rarely maximized. This paper reviews constraints to N2 fixation in these species, then examines the genetic variability recorded for traits affecting N2 fixation and the further work needed in this area. It considers emerging programs for the improvement of N2 fixation inG. max andP. vulgaris and pays particular attention to methodological considerations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184270
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developing a breeding strategy to exploit quantitative variation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Legume breeding ; Medicago sativa ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium ; Trifolium repens ; Vicia faba
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary This paper examines evidence which quantifies the relative importance of legume and Rhizobium genotypes as determinants of phenotypic variation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It demonstrates potentially large and unpredictable effects of the Rhizobium genotype. The likely importance of such effects on crop yield is considered. The information is then used to assess ways in which legume breeding programmes may be altered to encompass the effects of genetic variation in Rhizobium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184271
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene centres, a source for genetic variants in symbiotic nitrogen fixation: The symbiotic response of the cultivated pea toRhizobium leguminosarum strains from Europe and the Middle East (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Co-evolution ; Domestication ; Gene centre ; Genetic variability ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pisum sativum L ; Rhizobium leguminosarum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Soil samples from several European countries; Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Greece, contained rhizobial populations capable of forming an effective symbiosis with the cultivated pea cv. Rondo from the Netherlands. The range of variation among the European Rhizobium strains, as expressed on pea cv. Rondo, was not so large and almost the same variation could be found within the rhizobial population within each country. Superior Rhizobium strains for the Dutch pea were not restricted to soils from the Netherlands but were also found in those from Sweden and Italy. Soils from Turkey and Israel also contained Rhizobium strains capable of nodulating pea cv. Rondo. However, the genetic variation among these Middle East Rhizobium strains was much larger than that of the European strains. When tested on pea cv. Rondo the majority of the Middle East strains belonged to the medium or low effective classes and only a few strains were comparable with European Rhizobium strains. Dutch Rhizobium strains induced effective nodules on both the Dutch pea cv. Rondo and the Swedish cv. L 110. However, in association with a Turkish Rhizobium strain effective nodules were formed on pea cv. Rondo and ineffective nodules on cv. L 110. We suggest that the genetic uniformity of EuropeanR. leguminosarum strains is the result of selection and domestication of Rhizobium strains originally derived from the gene centres of the pea plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184273
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution et utilisation des assimilats carbonés en relation avec la fixation symbiotique d'azote chez le soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 163-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Assimilates distribution ; 14CO2 and15N2 labelling ; Glycine max L. Merrill ; Nitrogen fixation ; Respiration costs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Distribution and use of photoassimilated carbon by nodulated soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) grown in natural conditions have been studied during two consecutive years by successive and simultaneous exposures of the plants to14CO2 and15N2 during one day. This method, together with detailed analysis of CO2 efflux by root systems made it possible to follow the fate of carbon in relation to dinitrogen fixation. The results showed that the stage of development at which the plants were labelled exerted a high influence on the initial distribution of carbon. The growing organs always attracted more of the recently assimilated carbon. So, the reproductive parts accumulated increasing proportions and by day 100 about 70% of the current net production was recovered in pods and seeds. Nodules stored from 3 to 5% of the daily production, from day 50 to day 100, when their fixation activity already dropped by day 85. During the period of optimal fixation the amount of carbon lost as CO2 due to the only process of N2 reduction ranged between 2.5 and 7 mg per mg of N2 fixed. This was equivalent to the amount of carbon directed towards roots and nodules structures during the same time. Secondary transfers by remobilization occurred from leaves and pods to the grains but mainly from the carbon assimilated during the podfilling stage (after day 80). However, these amounts were small indicating that grain development is mainly supported by current assimilates.
    Notizen: Resumé La distribution et l'utilisation du carbone photoassimilé par des sojas (Glycine max L. Merr.) nodulés, cultivés en conditions naturelles ont été suivies durant deux années consécutives par expositions répétées et simultanées de plantes à du14CO2 et15N2 pendant une journée. Cette méthode couplée à une analyse détaillée des flux respiratoires au niveau des systèmes racinaires a permis de suivre le devenir du carbone en relation avec l'activité fixatrice d'azote. Les résultats montrent que le stade de développement des plantes au moment du marquage exerce une forte influence sur la distribution initiale du carbone. Ce sont les organes en forte croissance qui attirent le plus d'assimilats récents. Ainsi les organes reproducteurs, accumulent des quantités croissantes à partir de leur formation si bien qu'aux environs du jour 100, ils attirent près de 70% de la production nette. Les nodules eux stockent da 3 à 5% de cette production journalière entre les jours 50 et 100 alors que leur activité fixatrice chute déjà fortement dès le jour 85. Pendant la phase d'activité fixatrice optimale, les quantités de carbone perdues sous forme de CO2, pour le seul processus de réduction du N2, varient entre 2,5 et 7 mg par mg d'azote fixé. Ceci équivaut à la quantité de carbone destinée aux structures “racines et nodules”. Les transferts secondaires d'organes à organes se font à partir des organes végétatifs et puis des gousses vers les graines, mais essentiellement à partir de carbone assimilé durant la phase de remplissage des gousses (après le jour 80). Cependant, les quantités remobilisées sont faibles, ce qui indique que la croissance des graines dépend surtout d'une alimentation directe à partir de la photosynthèse.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220244
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficiencies and inefficiencies in the legume/Rhizobium symbiosis—A review (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Legume ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium ; C and N economy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Studies of the C and N economy of a range of temperate and tropical legume/Rhizobium symbioses indicate considerable variation (up to three-fold) in the cost of N2 fixation. Comparisons between and within symbioses indicate that the proportion of net photosynthate utilized in nodule functioning varies almost ten-fold from as low as 3% to as high as 25%. Factors possibly responsible for variation in efficiency of C use in nodules and in the proportioning of translocated photosynthetic products to nodules are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184267
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An intact plant assay for estimating nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) of sorghum and millet plants grown in pots (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): C2H2 reduction ; Intact-plant assay ; Millet ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase activity ; Sorghum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A non destructive intact-plant assay for estimating nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) of pot-grown sorghum and millet plants is described. Plants with intact shoots sustained more activity than plants whose tops were removed prior to the assay. With this technique individual plants can be assayed several times during their life cycle. The C2H2 reduction was linear up to 16h incubation in this assay procedure. More rapid diffusion of C2H2 was achieved by injection through a Suba seal in the bottom of the pot. The equlibration of injected C2H2 in the gas phase of the pots filled with sand and sand:FYM media was completed within 1 h. Significantly higher nitrogenase activity and better growth of sorghum and millet plants occurred when plants were grown in a mixture of sand and farmyard manure (FYM) than when plants were grown in vermiculite, soil, or sand + soil medium. Nitrogenase activity and plant growth were greater in a mixture of sand with 2 and 3% FYM than with 0.5 and 1% FYM. Activity was higher when the plants were incubated at 33°C and 40°C than at 27°C. Activity also increased with increasing soil moisture. There were significant differences amongst 15 sorghum cultivars screened for associated nitrogenase activity. This new technique has good prospects for screening cultivars of millet, sorghum and other grain crops for their nitrogen-fixing ability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220766
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response ofSetaria italica to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense as compared toAzotobacter chroococcum (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum brasilense ; Azotobacter chroococcum ; Effect on yield ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Setaria italica
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Under controlled conditions in pots filled with sand, vermiculite and field soil, inoculation withA. brasilense-Cd ATCC 29729 or withAzotobacter chroococcum caused increases above controls in the weight and N content of panicles ofSetaria italica. In no case, however, did N increases in test plants exceed the initial total N content. High acetylene reduction activities (1,000–2,000 nmole/h/pot) could be found only in plants inoculated withAzospirillum. Inoculation withAzospirillum (strain-Cd) in the field caused a significant increase above noninoculated controls of 18.5% in shoot dry weight, ofSetaria italica. Azotobacter caused a non significant increase of 8%. No significant differences were found between yields ofSetaria italica grown in soil inoculated withA. chroococcum, and those of plants grown in the presence ofA. vinelandii. A. brasilense-Cd was more effective in the field thanA. brasilense Sp-7 ATCC 29145. The results suggest that Azospirillum may increase yields ofS. italica more efficiently than Azotobacter under local field conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220772
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improving nitrogen fixation in legumes by plant breeding; the relevance of host selection experiments in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 285-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Clover ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium ; Root nodule ; Selection and plant breeding ; Symbiosis ; Trifolium pratense ; T. subterraneum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary This paper reviews (i) basic studies on the genetics of symbiosis in red clover (a self-sterile species) and subterranean clover (cleistogamous) and (ii) work on selection and plant breeding to increase nitrogen fixation in these hosts. Symbiotic effectiveness in red clover is influenced by many major and minor genes. The highly effective phenotype is inherited in a complex manner associated with early nodulation and the formation of large amounts of persistent bacteroid-containing tissue. Lines bred to fix more nitrogen with one strain ofRhizobium trifolii do so with most but not all other strains examined. They also show slightly increased vigour when grown on nitrate. The highly effective response is correlated with abundant nodulation and an early flowering habit, the evidence from breeding studies indicating that this correlation is not absolute. Normally effective and highly effective nodules have the same specific nitrogenase activities. The expression of the highly effective response is relatively little affected by environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, day length, supplementary carbon-di-oxide). Inbreeding substantially degrades the symbiotic response. Heterosis is shown in crosses between cultivars of subterranean clover but otherwise selection to increase effectiveness in this host was unsuccessful. The relevance of these results (and their physiological aspects) for the improvement of grain legumes is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184268
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield response of a common spring wheat cultivar to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense at various levels of nitrogen fertilization (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum brasilense ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; N-fertilizer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The yield response of a common spring wheat cultivar,Triticum aestivum, to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense was studied at four levels of N fertilization. Plant yield increased due to the inoculation treatment only at medium and high levels of N fertilization, with a maximum yield increase of about 8.0 per cent at the highest level (approximately 1.0 g of pure N per plant). Yield increase was mostly due to an increase in the number of grains per spike, and at the highest level of fertilization, also due to a higher number of spikes per plant. At all N levels, the inoculation caused an increase of 0.5–1.4 per cent in the number of fertile spikelets per main spike. Grain protein percentage was unaffected by the inoculation, though significantly increase due to the fertilization treatments. The occurrence of maximum yield response at the highest N level, the response by early-determined yield components, i.e. spikelet number, and the unaffected grain protein content are in accord with the suggestion that the contribution ofAzospirillum brasilense to wheat yield is not through N2-fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02161181
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield reduction in wheat in relation to leaf necrosis caused by Septoria tritici (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 87-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Septoria ; epidemiology ; crop loss
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting In 1980 werden inoculaties verricht metSeptoria tritici in een veldproef met wintertarwe ‘Okapi’. De bladnecrose-voortschrijdingscurves werden bepaald. De S-vormige curves konden getransformeerd worden tot logit-lijnen. De geïnoculeerde en niet geïnoculeerde objecten verschilden aanzienlijk in de hellingen van de logit-lijnen. De halfwaardetijden varieerden al naar inoculatiedosis en vochtbehandeling na inoculatie. De verschillen in opbrengst (kg ha−1) waren significant voor geïnoculeerd tegenover niet-geïnoculeerd. De opbrengstderving van 878 kg ha−1 (gelijk aan 12% van de niet-geïnoculeerde controle 7045 kg ha−1)werd volledig verklaard door de vermindering van het korrelgewicht. De schade is aanzienlijk voor een cultivar die niet bijzonder vatbaar is. De opbrengstderving correleerde goed met de hoeveelheid necrose waargenomen bij de ontwikkelingsstadia DC=75 en DC=77. De necrose geïntegreerd over de tijd correleerde goed met de verlaging van het korrelgewicht.
    Notizen: Abstract In 1980, field inoculations withSeptoria tritici were performed on winter wheat cv. Okapi. Leaf necrosis progress curves were established; they were sigmoid and could be transformed into logit lines. There was a great difference in the slope of the logit lines between inoculated plots and non-inoculated controls. The mid-time values varied according to inoculum dosage and post-inoculation humidity treatment. Yields (kg ha−1) and average grain weights (mg grain−1) differed significantly between inoculated and non-inoculated plots, but seldom among inoculation treatments. Decrease of average grain weight completely explained yield loss, which was 878 kg ha−1 or 12% of control (7045 kg ha−1). This crop loss is considerable for a cultivar which is not particularly susceptible. A good correlation was found between the amount of necrosis at development stages DC=75 and 77 and yield depression. The integral of necrosis over time gave a high correlation with loss of kernel weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976347
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potassium fertilization in relation to plant water potential of wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; potassium chloride ; irrigation ; plant water potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract ‘The water potential of wheat plants increased during the mid-day noon, probably as an adaptation; the rise was greater with less frequent irrigation and was increased by KCl application.’
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051627
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A pellet method to demonstrate nitrogen fixation by free-living rhizobia (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A method is described to demonstrate nitrogen fixation by free-living Rhizobium cells. After aerobic growth in a nutrient solution, the bacteria are centrifuged. Acetylene reduction by the rhizobial cells in the pellet can be measured within a few days. Hydrogen gas frequently stimulates acetylene reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149721
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Harwood forests ; Nitrogen cycle ; Nitrogen fixation ; United States ; Wood litter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nitrogen-fixing activity in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States occurred in wood litter, greater than 2 cm in diameter. Activity in large dead wood was independent of species, in the case of deciduous wood litter, but was restricted to partially decayed wood with a high moisture content. Maximum rates of activity were observed in the summer months, minimum rates in the winter. Evidence from six stands of varying ages showed that fixation in large wood litter occurred in only 25% of the samples assayed. Fixation was highest in the youngest, 4 years, and oldest, over 200 years, stands; being about 2 kg/ha/yr. The quantity of nitrogen fixed appears to be related to the biomass of dead wood. Large amounts of wood litter in the youngest stands were from slash left after cutting. As the supply of slash is exhausted by decay, nitrogen fixation decreases, with a low around year 20. Fixation then gradually increases as natural thinning adds wood to the litter compartment. Apparently, the amount of nitrogen fixed in dead wood the first 20 years following clearcutting can only replace a modest fraction of the amount lost as a result of the cutting and product removal. Finally, the results indicate that nitrogen fixation in wood litter does not equal nitrogen fixation in a northern hardwood forest calculated using a mass balance approach, suggesting that additional nitrogen inputs exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181997
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Nutrients ; Oxygen ; Roots ; Soil ; Toxins ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effects of waterlogging on concentrations of gases and various solutes dissolved in the soil water were investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether the early disruption to the growth of wheat was most closely associated with depletion of dissolved oxygen, accumulation of toxins, or changes in concentrations of nutrient ions in the soil water. Waterlogging slowed shoot fresh weight accumulation, leaf extension and nodal root growth; it also caused death of the seminal root system and early senescence of the lower leaves. However, the shoot dry weight initially increased above that of the non-waterlogged controls, and thus was not a reliable indicator of the early restriction to plant growth and development. The symptoms of damage to shoots and roots were attributed to the fall in soil oxygen concentrations, rather than to any decrease in concentration of inorganic nutrients in the soil water, or to the accumulation of any other measured solutes to toxic concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182001
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-destructive semi-quantitative determination of acetylene reduction in the field (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Field method ; Nitrogen fixation ; Non-destructive ; Pisum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Direct injection of acetylene into soil around plant roots, followed by determination of ethylene/acetylene ratios in the soil atmosphere has been tested as a rapid, non-destructive method of estimating acetylene reducing activity. In pots of artificial media as well as in field soil, the ratios determined within 10 min. after injection were significantly correlated with the rates of acetylenedependent ethylene production in detached roots. The method may be useful in preliminary screening of large numbers of plant-bacteria combinations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205862
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free proline accumulation in cereals in relation to salt tolerance (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Accumulation ; Barley ; Cations ; Electrical conductivity ; K/Na ratio ; Proline ; Saline water ; Stress ; Tolerance ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a micro-plot experiment it was observed that free proline accumulation in barley and wheat crops increased with the salt stress. But in sensitive strains of both the crops it did not accumulate in accordance with the preceding values after their tolerance limit and at this point yield of barley was reduced by 25.8% and wheat by 23.2% over control while significant yield reductions were not observed with tolerant strains. Proline accumulation was also found to be related to tissue K/Na ratio and the critical limits of this ratio were observed between 0.60 and 0.34 for barley and 4.2 and 1.4 for wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211676
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterotrophic nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated to flooded rice: A modified measurement technique in the field (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 439-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A modifiedin situ technique for measuring heterotrophic nitrogen fixing (acetylene reducing) activity associated to rice is proposed. Ethylene evolution rates measured in opaque cylinders covering the stems of rice plants which have been cut 10 cm over the water level were found independent of the diurnal cycle. Cutting of the leaves resulted in decreased variation between plants and suppression of the acceleration of ethylene evolution rate after 12 h incubation as compared to intact plants. In both systems ethylene evolved was swept by a current of methane and the molar ratio between methane and ethylene was stabilized after 12 h. Methane evolution rates remained stable during 12 h and more than 24 h in whole plants and cut plants respectively. It is suggested that alteration in the active gas transport system after 12 h incubation under 10% acetylene may lead to erroneous evaluation of the actual ethylene production in the root's environment. The average values of ethylene evolution rates by cut plants between 12 and 24 h of incubation may be used for comparative studies of nitrogen fixing activity associated to flooded rice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211701
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aluminium effects on growth and Al, Ca, Mg, K and P levels in triticale, wheat and rye (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminum concentration ; Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nutrient solution ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Triticale ; Rye ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effects of A1 on the growth and mineral composition of different cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) growing in 1/5 strength Steinberg solutions containing 0 or 6 ppm A1 were evaluated after 32 days. Aluminum increased the concentrations of P and K in the roots and K in the tops of most of the cultivars tested. A1 tolerant triticale retained a lower concentration of Mg in the roots and tops than the A1 sensitive triticale, when subjected to A1 stress. In addition, A1 treatments resulted in smaller increases in root P for the A1 tolerant triticale than for the A1 sensitive cultivars. The concentration of root Ca and P of the A1 tolerant wheat cultivars were significantly below that of the more sensitive plants. Aluminum tolerance in rye appeared to be associated with lower Ca and higher Mg concentrations in the tops. The accumulation of P and A1 in the roots was characteristic of sensitivity in triticale, wheat and rye.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211704
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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