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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between cyanobacterium and fungus during 15N2-incorporation and metabolism in the lichen Peltigera canina (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 136-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia assimilation ; Lichen symbioses ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N kinetics ; Peltigera canina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On following N2-incorporation and subsequent metabolism in the lichen Peltigera canina using 15N as tracer, it was found, over a 30 min period, that greatest initial labelling was into NH 4 + followed by glutamate and the amide-N of glutamine. Labelling of the amino-N of glutamine, aspartate and alanine increased slowly. Pulse-chase experiments using 15N confirmed this pattern. On inhibiting the GS-GOGAT pathway using l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine and azaserine, 15N enrichment of glutamate, alanine and aspartate continued although labelling of glutamine was undetectable. From this and enzymic data, NH 4 + assimilation in the P. canina thallus appears to proceed via GS-GOGAT in the cyanobacterium and via GDH in the fungus; aminotransferases were present in both partners. The cyanobacterium assimilated 44% of the 15N2 fixed; the remainder was liberated almost exclusively as NH 4 + and then assimilated by fungal GDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407946
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uptake and metabolism of methylamine by N2-fixing cyanobacteria (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1986), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonium transport ; Cyanobacteria ; Glutamine synthetase ; Methionine sulphoximine ; Methylammonium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc CAN showed a biphasic pattern of 14CH3NH 3 + uptake at external pH values of 7.0 and 9.0. The initial phase of uptake, which was independent of metabolism of 14CH3NH 3 + , was attributed to uptake via a CH3NH 3 + (NH 4 + ) transport system at pH 7.0 and probably to passive diffusion of uncharged CH3NH2 and trapping by protonation at pH 9.0. The second slower phase of uptake was attributed to metabolism of CH3NH 3 + via glutamine synthetase to form γ-methylglutamine which accumulates. Anabaena cylindrica showed an initial rapid uptake at pH 7.0 and pH 9.0 but metabolism of 14CH3NH 3 + was undetectable at pH 7.0 and was barely detectable at pH 9.0. Pretreatment of A. variabilis with l-methionine-d,l-sulphoximine to inactivate glutamine synthetase, inhibited the second phase of 14CH3NH 3 + uptake at both pH 7.0 and pH 9.0 and the accumulation of γ-methylglutamine but had no effect on the first phase of uptake. Following transfer of A. variabilis to darkness the initial phase of 14CH3NH 3 + uptake at pH 7.0 and 9.0 was unaffected but the subsequent metabolism via glutamine synthetase was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412802
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Akinetes of the cyanobacteriumNostoc PCC 7524: morphological changes during synchronous germination (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nostoc ; Akinetes ; Germination ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Following dilution into fresh medium in the light, akinetes ofNostoc PCC 7524 germinated synchronously. Synchrony was maintained at a high level during the first 24 h, at which time the young filaments were composed either of three cells (with N2 as nitrogen source) or four cells (with NO 3 - or NH 4 + ), and at a slightly lower level during the next 24 h of growth. The pattern of cell division was similar in media containing the different nitrogen sources although the timing of the major events varied. In the presence of N2 or NO 3 - , heterocysts differentiated synchronously; the first developed invariably from a terminal cell of the young filament at approximately 19 h, the second from the other terminal cell after further vegetative cell division. Heterocyst differentiation did not occur in the presence of NH 4 + . In the absence of nitrogen (gas phase argon: CO2) akinete germination initially followed the same pattern as that observed in N2, this early stage probably occurring at the expense of intracellular reserve materials. During germination, a new laminated layer, similar in structure and position to that found in the heterocyst envelope, appeared in the akinete envelope. This layer was not present in the germinating akinetes of a mutant which was incapable of forming heterocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in amino acid liberating mutant strains of Anabaena variabilis (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Amino acid liberation ; Anabaena variabilis ; Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria ; DAHP synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutant strains of Anabaena variabilis which are resistant to the tryptophan analogue, 6-fluorotryptophan, liberated a wide range of amino acids although none liberated tryptophan in detectable quantities. Four strains (FT-7, FT-8, FT-9, FT-10) produced predominantly alanine together with small amounts of phenylalamine and tyrosine, strain FT-2 liberated mainly phenylalanine and tyrosine and strain FT-6 liberated mainly glutamate, NH 4 + and several unidentified ninhydrin-positive compounds. Two forms of 3-deoxy-D-arbinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase were identified in the parent strain, a tyrosine-sensitive form and a phenylalanine-sensitive form. In strains FT-2 and FT-6 the phenylalanine-sensitive enzyme was not detected and in strain FT-7 it was apparently deregulated with respect to inhibition by phenylalanine. No deregulation of anthranilate synthase was observed but mutant strains were found to have higher specific activities of this enzyme than the parent strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407791
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an ammonium transport system in free-living and symbiotic cyanobacteria (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonium transport ; Anabaena azollae ; Anabaena variabilis ; Cyanobacteria ; Methylammonium transport ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The free-living cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis showed a biphasic pattern of 14CH3NH 3 + uptake. Initial accumulation (up to 60 s) was independent of CH3NH 3 + metabolism, but long-term uptake was dependent on its metabolism via glutamine synthetase (GS). The CH3NH 3 + was converted into methylglutamine which was not further metabolised. The addition of l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine (MSX), to inhibit GS, inhibited CH3NH 3 + metabolism, but did not affect the CH3NH 3 + transport system. NH 4 + , when added after the addition of 14CH3NH 3 + , caused the efflux of free CH3NH 3 + ; when added before 14CH3NH 3 + , NH 4 + inhibited its uptake indicating that both NH 4 + and CH3NH 3 + share a common transport system. Carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and triphenyl-methylphosphonium both inhibited CH3NH 3 + accumulation indicating that the transport system was Δψ-dependent. At pH 7 and at an external CH3NH 3 + concentration of 30 μmol dm-3, A. variabilis showed a 40-fold intracellular accumulation of CH3NH 3 + (internal concentration 1.4 mmol dm-3). Packets of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, directly isolated from the water fern Azolla caroliniana, also showed a Δψ-dependent NH 4 + transport system suggesting that the reduced inhibitory effect of NH 4 + on nitrogenase cannot be attributed to the absence of an NH 4 + transport system but is probably related to the reduced GS activity of the cyanobiont.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414551
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylenediamine uptake and metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia analogues ; Anabaena variabilis ; Cyanobacteria ; Ethylenediamine ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis showed a pH dependent uptake of ethylenediamine. No uptake of ethylenediamine was detected at pH 7.0. At higher pH values (e.g. pH 8.0 and pH 9.0) accumulation did occur and was attributed to diffusion of uncharged ethylenediamine in response to a pH gradient. A biphasic pattern of uptake was observed at these higher pH values. Treatment with l-methionine-d,l-sulphoximine (MSX) to inactivate glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibited the second slower phase of uptake without any significant alteration of the initial uptake. Therefore for sustained uptake, metabolism of ethylenediamine via GS was required. NH 4 + did not alter the uptake of ethylenediamine. Ethylenediamine was converted in the second phase of uptake to an analogue of glutamine which could not be detected in uptake experiments at pH 7.0 or in uptake experiments at pH 9.0 following pretreatment of cells with MSX. Ethylenediamine treatment inhibited nitrogenase activity and this inhibition was greatest at high pH values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycobiont-cyanobiont interactions during dark nitrogen fixation by the lichen Peltigera aphthosa (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 57 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acetylene reduction (nitrogenase activity) by excised cephalodia of Peltigera aphthosa Willd. slowly declined on transfer of the cephalodia from light to darkness. The decline was more rapid in the absence of CO2 or when phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was inhibited by adding maleic acid or malonic acid. When glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was totally inhibited by adding l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine (MSX) the decline in nitrogenase activity in the absence of CO2 still occurred. However, this loss of activity did not occur when the mycobiont was disrupted using digitonin (0.01 % w/v) and the fixed NH4+ was released into the medium. The data suggest that dark CO2 fixation by the fungus supplies carbon skeletons which remove newly fixed NH4+ produced by the cyanobacterium. When such carbon skeletons are not available MH4+ accumulates and inhibits nitrogenase activity even in the absence of GS activity. It is probable that NH4+ and a product of GS exert independent inhibitory effects on nitrogenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb00912.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NItrogen fixation: Differentiating cyanobacteria rearrange their nif genes (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 314 (1985), S. 404-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CYANOBACTERIA (blue-green algae) are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, many strains of which fix N2 and which probably dominated the Earth's biota during the middle Precambrian, 2,500 -570 million years ago. On page 419 of this issue, J.W. Golden, S.J. Robinson and R. Haselkorn report that, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314404a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxylamine stimulates carboxylase activity and inhibits oxygenase activity of cyanobacterial RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 279 (1979), S. 525-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. (1403/2a) (Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa, Cambridge, UK) was grown in pure culture as described previously10. RuBP carboxylase activity, measured as RuBP-dependent 14CO2 incorporation into acid-stable material, and RuBP oxygenase activity, assayed as RuBP-dependent ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/279525a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoproduction of amino acids by mutant strains of N2-fixing cyanobacteria (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Mutant strains of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium bacterium Anabaena variabilis resistant to 6-fluorotryptophan or to ethionine were isolated. Many of these strains liberated amino acids into their media in the absence of 6-fluorotryptophan and ethionine. Nitrogenase activity was higher in mutant strains than in the parent strain. Mutant strains were immobilised in calcium alginate and sustained photoproduction of amino acids has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252015
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