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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 32 (1984), S. 480-483 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 10-13 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Calcofluor White ; Cell wall structure ; Chlorella ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast ; Ruthenium Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among 12 strains ofChlorella ellipsoidea, C. vulgaris, andC. saccharophila tested, 4 strains (1,C. ellpsoidea; 2,C. vulgaris; 1,C. saccharophila) formed osmotically labile protoplasts after treatment with mixtures of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. The relationship between enzymatical digestibility and structure or composition ofChlorella cell walls were studied by electron microscopy and staining techniques with some specific dyes. The cell wall structures of the 12Chlorella strains were grouped into three types: (1) with a trilaminar outer layer, (2) with a thin outer monolayer, and (3) without an outer layer. Protoplasts were formed only from the strains with a cell wall of Type 2. In the strains with a cell wall of Type 1, the outer layer protected the inner major microfibrillar layer against enzymatic digestion. The cell wall of Type 3 was totally resistant to the enzymes; the chemical composition of the cell wall would be somewhat different from that of other types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 124 (1980), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Green alga ; Chl a and b ; DCMU ; Light and O2 dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A unicellular alga which can grow in the light without a combined nitrogen source was isolated from a hot spring. The cells were almost spherical, usually 5–10 μm in diameter. Absorption spectra of the watersoluble pigments and of the acetone-extracted ones revealed the existence of chlorophyll a and b and the absence of phycobilins. Thin sections examined by electron microscopy revealed an eukaryotic organization with features typical of the coccoid green algae (the Chlorococcales). Cells divided by internal cytokinesis and subsequent liberation of daughter cells from the parental wall, in a way similar to Chlorella. The alga reduced acetylene to ethylene and incorporated 15N2 into cell protoplasm when incubated in a low oxygen atmosphere. Nitrogenase activity was light-dependent, microaerophilic and thermophilic. Although the association of symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokaryotes with the cells may still be possible, any such organisms have not so far been detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: cpDNA evolution ; IR expansion ; psbA ; rRNA genes ; tRNA genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 3454 base pair (bp) sequence of the large inverted repeat (IR) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from the unicellular green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea has been determined. The sequence includes: (1) the boundaries between the IR and the large single copy (LSC) and the small single copy (SSC) regions, (2) the gene for psbA and (3) an approximately 1.0 kbp region between psbA and the rRNA genes which contains a variety of short dispersed repeats. The total size of the Chlorella IR was determined to be 15243 bp. The junction between the IR and the small single copy region is located close to the putative promoter of the rRNA operon (906 bp upstream of the-35 sequence on each IR). The junction between the IR and the large single copy region is also just upstream of the putative psbA promoter, 218 bp upstream from the ATG initiation codon. A few sets of unique sequences were found repeatedly around both junctions. Some of the sequences flanking the IR-LSC junction suggest a unidirectional and serial expansion of the IR within the genome. The psbA gene is located close to the LSC-side junction and codes for a protein of 352 amino acid residues. A highly conserved C-terminal Gly is absent. Unlike the psbA of Chlamydomonas species, which contains 2–4 large introns, the gene of Chlorella has no introns. The overall gene organization of the Chlorella IR is very different from that of higher plants, but a similar gene cluster of rrn-psbA is also found in the IR of Chlamydomonas species and in a single copy region of some chlorophyll a/c-containing algae, indicating a common evolutionary lineage of these cpDNAs. The origin and evolution of the IR structure are discussed in the light of these observations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 49 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic observation demonstrated that linear DNA plasmids, pGKL1 and pGKL2, were replicated by a strand displacement mechanism similar to adenovirus and Bacillus subtilisø 29 phage. Moreover, their DNA replication was prevented by α-factor, a mating hormone which prevents the replication of chromosomal DNA and 2 μm plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type a cells. This result suggests that the replication of pGKL plasmids is controlled by the same genes that control the initiation or maintenance of chromosomal DNA and 2 μm plasmid replications.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We evaluated here the effect of the intracellular targeting of a helper T-cell (Th) epitope, literiolysin O 215–226 derived from Listeria monocytogenes, on induction of a specific Th by gene gun immunisation. Immunisation of C3H/He mice with pE215LAMP plasmid encoding the Th epitope fused with the endosomal/lysosomal targeting signal of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1 gave the epitope-specific proliferative responses of CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, specific interferon-γ production from the splenocytes was observed. Concomitantly, pE215LAMP-immunised mice showed moderate, but significant protective immunity against listerial challenge. These results suggest that the intracellular targeting of a Th epitope to endosomal/lysosomal compartments by DNA immunisation is useful for eliciting a specific Th subset in vivo.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Distinct and evolutionarily conserved signal-transduction cascades mediate the survival or death of cells during development. The c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily are involved in apoptotic signalling in various cultured cells. However, the ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 969-973 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have experimentally investigated the effects that the surface roughness of the substrate has on the angle dependent-total-reflection x-ray fluorescence (AD-TXRF) profile of an ultrathin film. An optically flat Si wafer, a scratched Si wafer, and a grating were used as the substrates. The peak of the AD-TXRF curve of the ultrathin Au film on a rough substrate such as scratched Si, or grating was sharp in comparison with that of the optically flat Si. It is our hypothesis that the rough peaks play an important role in the AD-TXRF intensity measurement. Thus, a material with well-defined roughness should be used as the substrate for an AD-TXRF analysis, because the shape of the AD-TXRF curve of the ultrathin film is strongly dependent on the surface roughness of the substrate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic wire and box arrays with widths and spacings in the range of 2–0.6 μm were successfully fabricated utilizing high-resolution electron-beam lithography and lift-off techniques. The box arrays possessed a unique magnetic switching mechanism. As the magnetic field decreased, the magnetic coherency between the boxes which are in a row first disappeared. Domain wall motion in each box occurred in the next step. The demagnetizing fields observed in the wire arrays with short spacings were different from those calculated by a model, in which the wires are isolated from each other. Ferromagnetic resonance measurement implied the appearance of interwire dipole-dipole interaction. Multilayered wire arrays were also prepared to study the magnetoresistive characteristics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1226-1228 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies on deep electron traps in n-InP treated with hydrogen plasma have been performed using isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy measurements. Five electron trap levels, E1–E5, with activation energies of 0.21, 0.51, 0.32, 0.54, and 0.63 eV, respectively, below the conduction band are detected. Only E1 traps are observed in as-etched InP. Hydrogen-plasma treatment leads to enhancement of the density of E1 traps and creation of E2 and E5 traps. E1 and E5 traps are annealed out at 300 °C, while E2 traps are annealed out at a temperature as low as 150 °C. On the other hand, densities of E3 and E4 traps are significantly enhanced by annealing at 350 °C. This experimental result suggests that the E3 and E4 traps are generated during hydrogen-plasma exposure and are passivated by hydrogen atoms.
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