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  • Gas chromatography  (108)
  • Wheat  (108)
  • Springer  (216)
  • 1980-1984  (216)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 171-172 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Resistance ; Genetic engineering ; Yellow rust ; Wheat ; Chitinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Virulence and resistance may act on the same biochemical mechanisms. Because Erwinia-virulence on potato depends on the lysis of cell walls of the host, resistance may depend on the lysis of cell walls of the parasite. An example is given with yellow rust on wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Dwarfism ; Yield ; Quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the ‘Tom Thumb’ Rht3 dwarfing gene in wheat on plant height, yield components and grain quality in field trials of random inbred lines from two ‘Minister Dwarf’ (Rht3) x rht3 crosses are described. Limited genetic increases in Rht3 plant height, up to 70 cm, were achieved by incorporating genes from the extremely tall variety ‘April Bearded’. Amongst lines from the higher yielding cross, the dwarfing gene did not reduce grain yield but was associated with an increase in grain number of over 25%. Although Rht3 reduced grain protein content by up to 0.8%, breadmaking quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation values and baking tests, was not affected. A controlled environment experiment with near-isogenic Rht3 and rht3 lines indicated that reduced grain size in the dwarfs is a competitive response to the increase in fertility rather than a primary effect of the dwarfing gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Plant regeneration ; Chromosome variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A cytological study has been made of plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of four wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42). In total, 29% of the 192 plants examined were aneuploid with a range in chromosome numbers of 38–45. Evidence of chromosome structural changes was also found. This variation occurred in regenerants of all four cultivars, but there were large differences in the proportions of aneuploids arising from individual cultures which meant that no significant differences could be demonstrated between cultivars. Chromosome abnormalities were present in plants regenerated both from embryogenic cultures and from cultures in which the origin of shoots could not be distinctly defined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 439-442 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Multicellular pollen grains ; Embryos ; Cytology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cytological analysis of microspore embryogenesis during in vitro culture reveals a high mortality in the first week and a latency phase of about one week before the first embryogénic mitosis. Genotypic differences observed during our wheat anther culture do not seem to originate at the induction level but are linked to the different abortion rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Cryopreservation ; Embryo culture ; Haploids ; Wheat ; Rice ; Germplasm bank
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Anther culture derived pollen embryos and immature zygotic embryos of wheat and rice, frozen in liquid nitrogen in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose and glycerol, have been revived. The retrieved cultures proliferated and/or regenerated shoots and plantlets. The prospects of the cryopreservation of embryos for the conservation and multiplication of germplasm and the possibility of the establishment of ‘Germplasm Banks’ are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Hexaploid genotypes ; Allelic variation ; Esterase ; Isozymes ; Isoelectric focusing ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Analysis of grain esterase isozymes in Chinese Spring aneuploid genotypes by IEF confirmed that genes on the long arms of chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D (Est-5) control the production of 19 isozymes. Allelic variants have been found for the isozyme pattern controlled by each chromosome. Segregational data involving null alleles and complex phenotypic differences indicate that the wheat grain esterases are encoded by three compound and probably homoeoallelic loci, each capable of producing at least six different isozymes. In a sample of 138 hexaploid genotypes, seven alleles were distinguished.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Electrophoresis ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Emmer ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing the protein content of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Many studies have shown that the presence or absence of bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) electrophoregrams of wheat storage proteins to be of a purely genetic character. A total protein extraction and SDS-PAGE technique was used to estimate the storage protein genetic variability among 841 accessions of wild emmer collected from various ecological regions in the Middle East. In addition, a computer data bank was developed, recording the onedimension electrophoregram bands for each accession by molecular weight (MW) and relative Coomassie Blue staining intensity as determined from densitometer scans. Analyses of this information are being used to identify specific accessions for further study by two dimension electrofocusing-electrophoresis and breeding and genetic analyses. The computer-assisted analyses indicated that the greatest genetic variability occurs for proteins in the high MW region (above 70,000 MW) followed by those in the medium range (70,000 to 33,300 MW). Comparatively little variability was revealed for protein subunits of below 33,300 MW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosomal location ; Genetic control ; Salt soluble proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Salt-soluble proteins from the endosperms of wheat, barley, and rye have been separated by nonequilibrium electrofocusing x electrophoresis. Genes encoding 14 of the 25 components observed in wheat have been unambiguously assigned to 10 different chromosomes (1B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5B, 6B, 6D, 7B, 7D) by analysis of the compensated nulli-tetrasomic series. Five more wheat proteins seem to be controlled by group 2 chromosomes. Analysis of wheat-barley and wheat-rye addition lines has led to the location of genes for 6 out of 20 barley proteins in 4 different chromosomes (1H, 3H, 4H, 6H; 1H is homoeologous to group 7 chromosomes of wheat) and of genes for 5 out of 20 rye proteins in two different chromosomes (2R, 4R). The relationship between the proteins reported here and previously characterized ones is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Inheritance ; Culm-length ; GA insensitivity ; Grain weight ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The study was carried out in the first year on samples of random F5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in grain weight and in their Rht gene. In the second year only the progenies of the early heading F5 lines were studied. All the material was grown in the absence of lodging. The culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling GA response test. No differences in grain weight were found between the two semi dwarf genotypes (Rht 1Rht1 rht 2rht2 and rht 1rht1 Rht 2Rht2). The tall genotype (rht 1rht1 rht 2rht2) was significantly higher in grain weight than the two semi dwarf genotyes and the grain weight of these genotypes exceeded markedly the grain weight of the dwarf genotype (Rht 1Rht1 Rht 2Rht2). These genotypic effects were independent of differences in plant height, heading date or number of grains per spike.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glutenin ; Wheat ; Co-dominance ; Bread-making
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Ten pairs of reciprocal crosses have been made between wheat cultivars which show differences in their glutenin subunit compositions. The F1 seed glutenin subunit composition was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The results indicate that all the high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) subunits (from 133,000 to 65,000 daltons) are transmitted to the F1 seed generation from the parental cultivars. In accordance with the triploid nature of the heterozygous endosperm (3n) and with the maternal and paternal gene dosage ratio (2∶1) in the endosperm itself, a significant effect of maternal parent is registered when comparing pairs of reciprocal seeds. Genes coding for the glutenin subunits are expressed whatever their doses are (one, two, or three) in the hybrid endosperm; thus the glutenin subunits inheritance is consistent with the co-dominant type. For one pair of the reciprocal crosses, two MMW parental bands (MW: 71,000 and 66,000) seemed absent in the F1 seed patterns while a new band with an intermediate, apparent MW (68,000) appears. This phenomenon was observed when the glutenins analyzed by electrophoresis were previously separated from other endosperm proteins, and not when they were directly extracted from the ground seed. We assume that the extraction can cause interactions between moieties attached to the subunits and lead to the formation of a complex having an intermediate electrophoretic mobility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (Secale cereale L.) and H. bulbosum on both 5A and 5B chromosomes. No reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5D substitution lines. It was found that the Kr1 locus on chromosome 5B had a more pronounced affect on both rye and H. bulbosum crossability than the Kr2 locus on chromosome 5A and that the effects of both loci were cumulative. The Kr alleles affected both rye and H. bulbosum crossability in a linear, or additive, fashion. The Kr 2 allele was shown to have little effect on H. bulbosum crossability compared to a significant effect on rye crossability. Tests with tetrasomic and nulli-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that the kr allele is ‘null’ or inactive in promoting crossability while the Kr allele is active in reducing crossability to both rye and H. bulbosum. Thus, extra doses of the kr allele do not increase rye or H. bulbosum crossability in the presence of the corresponding Kr allele.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 309-316 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; α-Amylase ; Isozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An analysis of the α-amylase isozymes in GA-treated endosperm of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomics shows that there is more variation at the α-Amy-1 and α-Amy-2 homoeoallelic loci than was previously thought. Among the 16 isozymes produced by genes on the group 7 chromosomes, most could be definitely established as products of a single homoeoallele. Inter-varietal allelic differences would be expected at such loci and clear variation was found in isozymes produced by chromosomes 6B and 7B. The latter allele, α-Amy-B2b carried by the variety ‘Hope’, was used to locate the enzyme structural gene within chromosome 7B relative to the centromere and five other gene markers. The nature of the α-Amy-B2b phenotype and the rare non-parental isozyme patterns found among the recombinant lines indicates that the locus is large and compound, probably involving some degree of intra-locus gene duplication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gliadin ; Glutenin ; Tticum ; Wheat ; Endosperm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Gliadins, here defined as those proteins of defatted wheat endosperm which dissolve in 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. The protein which eluted with the void volume of the column, often described as high-molecular-weight (HMW) gliadin, was fractionated by the two different, two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedures of O'Farrell (1975) and O'Farrell et al. (1977). The next two fractions to elute from the gel column, ω-gliadin and α-, β-, γ-gliadin, were analysed similarly. The subunits of HMW gliadin and the classical (i.e. non-aggregated) gliadins map at distinctive positions on the electrophoregrams, the majority of the HMW gliadin subunits being more basic and having a slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than the α-, β-, γ-gliadins. These experiments demonstrate that those gliadins which aggregate to form HMW gliadin are distinct molecular entities and thus coded by different genes to those gliadins which do not aggregate. Glutenin, here prepared by a modification of the pH 6.4 precipitation procedure of Orth and Bushuk (1973), was also analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The low-molecular-weight subunits were found to correspond exactly with the HMW gliadin subunits. Using the nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the genes controlling the synthesis of all the major HMW gliadin subunits were shown to be located on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, as are the genes coding for the ω-gliadins and the majority of the γ-gliadins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Triticum ; Grain protein ; Grain weight ; Maternal effect ; Cytoplasmic effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between cultivated wheat (Triticum turgidum var. ‘durum’) and a high-protein line of wild tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum var. ‘dicoccoides’). F1 grains (on maternal spikes) were very similar to the selfed grains on the maternal parent in protein percentage, weight and protein content. These traits were also analyzed in F3 grains developed on F2 spikes of segregating populations derived from reciprocal crosses between the same cultivated parent and another high-protein line of var. ‘dicoccoides’. No significant differences in the mean values of these traits were found between the reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect. It has been concluded that these grain characteristics are largely determined by the maternal plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 21-23 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Heritability ; Yield ; Height
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The population consisted of F2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to S. W. Ontario. Heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. Predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. The low heritability for yield indicates that effective selection would require pedigree information and progeny tests, while the high heritabilities for height and test weight indicate that selection for these traits using single plots would be appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Frost resistance ; Diallel cross ; F2monosomics ; Substitutions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetic studies of frost resistance were performed on various wheat varieties using diallel, F2 monosomic and substitution analysis. A six-parental cross including reciprocals was carried out, and F1 hybrids and their parents were used for the freezing tests under controlled conditions. Both the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, indicating additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of frost resistance. The high GCA∶SCA ratio revealed a preponderance of additive genetic variance. No significant reciprocal differences were found between the reciprocal crosses. The variance/covariance graphical analysis indicated the partial dominance of frost sensitivity. Frost sensitive varieties had the largest number of dominant genes, while frost resistant varieties had the highest proportion of recessive genes. The magnitude of the additive component of variation was higher than that of the dominance component, and the overall measure of the degree of dominance was smaller than one, so average dominance is incomplete. The increasing and decreasing alleles are not equally frequent at all loci. In this set of wheat varieties the values of narrow and broad heritability are relatively high. F2 monosomic analysis of the winter wheat variety ‘Arthur’ crossed with the monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the average frost resistance of all the 21 monosomics was lower than that of the disomic. F2 monosomic hybrids 5A, 2B, 4B and 5D proved to be relatively frost resistant, while monosomics 3A, 3B and 6D were the most sensitive. The control of frost resistance in the set of chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ (with the exception of 2B) indicated that the genes responsible for the frost resistance of ‘Cheyenne’ are localised in chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B, 5B, 4D and 5D. The genetic basis of frost resistance and problems of analysis are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 313-316 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Monosomic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using monosomic analysis genes governing resistance in one wheat variety, ‘E5883’, against stem rust races 15C and 122, were located on specific chromosomes. Against race 15C, a major dominant gene, Sr6, was located on chromosome 2D of ‘E5883’ with minor modifiers found on chromosomes 4A and 6D. Against race 122, the presence of a recessive hemizygous ineffective gene, Sr8, was identified, located on chromosome 6A of variety ‘E5883’.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 317-325 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental evaluation ; Plant breeding ; Multivariate analysis ; Wheat ; Climatic variable
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A previous attempt to relate long term yields from the Western Australian wheat belt to climatic factors proved only partially successful. Here, principal component analysis has been used to examine the patterns of variability created by those socio-economic factors which may have obscured any underlying relationship which existed between yield and climate. In fact, these analyses revealed the existence of variation peculiar to particular groups of years, a result which could explain why many attempts to relate crop yields directly to climatic factors have proved unsuccessful. The plant breeding implications of these genotype x environment interactions are considered.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Electro phoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The major endosperm proteins in a range of genotypes of hexaploid wheat have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The genotypes included nine varieties and forty four intervarietal substitution lines in which chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B or 6D from eight of the varieties have been introduced one at a time into a common genetic background. The appearance of different protein subunits was often correlated with a chromosome substitution. This showed that many of the genes for the high molecular weight protein subunits (molecular weight range 55,000 to 140,000 determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are specified by chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D while many of the lower molecular weight subunits (molecular weight range 30,000 to 45,000) are specified by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D. The different protein subunits correlated with chromosome substitution could not always be recognised in the varietal source of the substituted chromosome. The different subunits specified by homologous chromosomes in different wheat varieties may differ in isoelectric point and/or molecular weight.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 5-10 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Aegilops ventricosa ; Addition lines ; Biochemical markers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of three biochemical markers, U-1, CM-4 and Aphv-a, -b, among wheat-Aegilops addition lines carrying Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) has been investigated. Addition lines which had been previously grouped together on the basis of common non-biochemical characters carried marker U-1, a protein component from the 2M urea extract. The added chromosome, in the appropriate genetic background, seems to confer a high level of resistance to the eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Cercosporella herpotrichoides. The other two markers were concomitantly associated with another similarly formed group of addition lines. Both CM-4, a protein component from the chloroform:methanol extract, and Aphv-a, -b, alkaline phosphate isozymes, have been previously shown to be associated with homoeologous chromosome group 4, which suggests that the added chromosome in the second group of addition lines is 4Mv.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (T), semi-dwarf (D1), dwarf (D2) and very dwarf (D3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. Two cultivars were included in each height group. Cultivars carrying ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes (D1, D2 and D3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (T) that lack these genes. Among the ‘Norin’ gene carriers, dwarf group (D2) was most efficient, followed by very dwarf (D3) and semi-dwarf (D1). Photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate were found to have a positive relationship.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Preferential transmission ; In situ hybridization ; C-banding ; Aegilops sharonensis ; Wheat ; Addition ; Substitution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An attempt to produce a set of addition lines of Aegilops sharonensis to the wheat variety ‘Chinese Spring’ produced only one addition line. This was due to preferential transmission of one chromosome from Ae. sharonensis. This chromosome was studied in detail by established cytological methods of chromosome observation and by the newer techniques of C-banding and in situ hybridization of a cloned DNA sequence. The chromosome was found to be partially homologous to an Ae. sharonensis chromosome of similar behaviour in another wheat addition line. The incomplete homology of the two Ae. sharonensis chromosomes was due to the presence of a translocated segment of a wheat chromosome. — Substitution lines of the Ae. sharonensis chromosome for wheat homoeologous group 4 were produced and the Ae. sharonensis chromosome thereby designated 4 S l .
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): HMW glutenin subunit genes ; cDNA clones ; Tandem DNA repeats ; Chromosomal location ; Gene copy number ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary cDNA clones encoding wheat HMW glutenin subunits have been isolated from a cDNA bank made to poly A+ RNA from developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring. One such clone, pTag 1290, has enabled us to identify the HMW glutenin mRNA species. The DNA sequence of this clone has been partially determined and it contains several tandem DNA repeats. The sequence is discussed in relation to the generation of the HMW glutenin subunit gene family. Analysis of the organization of the HMW glutenin sequences in the wheat genome revealed that the genes encoding HMW glutenin subunits exist in low copy number and are located on the long arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Gene transfer ; Translocations ; Homoeologous genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary By producing chromosome substitutions with ‘Imperial rye’ chromosomes 4R (C) and 7R (D) in the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ two spontaneous translocation lines were obtained. One involves segments of wheat chromosome 4A and rye chromosome 7R, the other involves portions of wheat chromosome 7B and rye chromosome 4R
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Seed proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Ae. umbellulata ; Ag. elongatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The seed proteins of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat stocks which possess single chromosomes from other plant species related to wheat have been separated by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Marker protein bands have been detected for both arms of barley chromosome 5, chromosome E (= 1R) and B (= 2R) of rye, chromosomes A,B (= 1Cu) and C (= 5Cu) of Aegilops umbellulata and chromosomes I and III of Agropyron elongatum. These studies, and previous findings, indicate that chromosome 5 of barley, chromosome 1R of rye, chromosome I of Ag. elongatum and possibly chromosome 1Cu of Ae. umbellulata are similar to chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D in hexaploid wheat in that they carry genes controlling prolamins on their short arms and genes controlling high-molecular-weight (apparent molecular weight greater than 86,000) seed protein species on their long arms. These findings support the idea that all these chromosomes are derived from a common ancestral chromosome and that they have maintained their integrity since their derivation from that ancestral chromosome.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Leaf rust ; Resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of 15 genotypes of wheat were generated by integrating the components of slow rusting resistance determined in the glasshouse. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) from the hypothetical and observed leaf rust progress curves were compared. It was found that the hypothetical AUDPC values of all the genotypes studied were smaller than their respective observed AUDPC values. Possible causes for the discrepancies in the observed and hypothetical values are discussed.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gene expression ; Resistance ; Local virulence ; Stem rust ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Near isogenic/substitution lines of stem rust resistance genes in different backgrounds of ‘Marquis’, ‘Chinese Spring’ and W 2691 and certain varieties with known genes for stem rust resistance were tested against each of 19 Indian cultures of stem rust races/biotypes (14, 15, 17, 21, 21A-1, 24, 34, 40, 40A, 42, 42B, 117, 117A, 117A-1, 122, 184, 194, 222 and 295). Sr 24 (‘Sear's 3D/Ag’), Sr 24 (TR 380-27 4/3 Ag 14-White seeded recombinant with ‘Agent’ type resistance), Sr 25 (‘Sear's 7D/Ag’), Sr 26 (‘Eagle’), Sr 26 (Knott's 6A/Ag translocation), Sr 27 (WRT 238-5), Combination line (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9b) were observed to be completely effective against all the 19 cultures tested. In addition, a number of lines, such as TAF2d (Sr Agi), Line W(Sr Tt2) and Combination III (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9e), were found to be effective against at least three of the most prevalent races (21, 40A and 117A-1) and a virulent race 122 in Indian natural population. Lines carrying genes other than Sr 2, Sr 9a, Sr 9f (‘Chinese Spring’) and Sr 15 (‘Norka’), and Line E were found to be resistant to one or more cultures of stem rust. The background effect upon the expression of a gene was observed by comparing the range of infection on single gene host lines in either different backgrounds and/or in cultivars with known genes for stem rust resistance against the 12 cultures of stem rust races found in India.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Inheritance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two bread wheat accessions, E5008 and E6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against Indian cultures of stem rust races, 15C and 122. The inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the F1 and F2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, ‘Agra Local’) and F2 progenies from the backcross to ‘Agra Local’. Tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. The identity of the genes for resistance has been established from relevant crosses with single gene lines carrying known genes for resistance. A single dominant gene effective to race 15C in E5008 has been demonstrated to be Sr9b. Of the two recessive genes, each producing distinct infection types (0; and 1–3) against race 122, one gene has been inferred to be Sr12 and the second to be a hitherto undesignated gene. The resistance of E6160 against race 15C is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive. The dominant gene has been identified as Sr9b. The recessive gene has been inferred to be a new gene. Similarly, a dominant gene effective against race 122 in E6160 has been observed to be different from those so far designated. In addition, the presence of modifier gene/s in the variety, E6160 has been suggested.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Seed proteins ; Glutenin protein ; subunits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The inheritance of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin protein subunits in hexaploid wheat has been investigated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the segregation of these subunits in 496 test-cross seeds. The parents of the f1 hybrid were chosen so that the test-cross seeds segregated for all the HMW glutenin bands. Two glutenin subunits from one parent, believed to be controlled by genes on chromosome 1D, segregated as alternatives to two glutenin subunits from the other parent, a result that supports the assumption that these subunits are controlled by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. Similar results were obtained for glutenin subunits believed to be controlled by chromosome IB, which suggests that these subunits are controlled also by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. A single glutenin subunit band, believed to be controlled by chromosome 1A, segregated as an alternative to a single glutenin band from the other parent, except that one seed did not possess either band. It was concluded that these bands are controlled either by allelic genes or by nonallelic genes that are very closely linked.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Callus cultures ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Isoenzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases ADH-1 and ADH-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as Adh-1 and Adh-2 located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, have been reported in aestivum wheat (Hart 1980). Only ADH-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. ADH-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiated calli from aestivum and durum wheats, rye, triticale and also in in vitro regenerated roots and leaves from aestivum cultures. Wheat callus cultures originating from seed, mature and immature embryos, mesocotyl and root, as well as cultures grown on media containing different supplements did not show any variation in the overall expression of ADH-1 or ADH-2, although differences in the band intensities were observed. The callus isoenzyme pattern was similar to that observed in roots under anaerobic conditions. Both ADH-1 and ADH-2 were expressed in in vitro regenerated roots but were absent in regenerated leaves. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 in wheat calli seems to be related to the type of differentiation.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 127-134 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Genetical analysis ; Cross prediction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetical analysis of the F2 triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F6 lines previously developed by single seed descent. For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population. These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 317-320 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Rye ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Genetic control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivatives were determined. Two genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms CRL (4 RL) and FRL (6 RL) of “Imperial” rye. On the basis of differential interactions between wheat and rye chromosomes, evidence was obtained that genes located on chromosomes 6 A, 6 BL and 7 BL control 6-PGD isozyme activities in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The wheat and rye 6-PGD zymogram phenotypes were indicative of homoeologous relationships between rye chromosome 6 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 6, and rye chromosome 4 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 7.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): HMW storage prolamins ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Characterization and purification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Homologous high molecular weight storage prolamins were purified from grain of wheat, rye and barley using combinations of gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the components were single bands with apparent mol.wts. of above 100,000. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation were considerably lower; 54,700, 67,600 and 69,600 for the components from barley, rye and wheat respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of 13.6 to 16.5 mol% glycine, 29.6 to 34.0 mol% glutamate + glutamine, 11.4 to 13.7 mol% proline and a total of 4.0 to 5.7 mol% basic amino acids. Automated N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the component from wheat showed the presence of cysteine residues at positions 5 and 10, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of these proteins in the visco-elastic gluten network.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 39-47 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): C-banding ; Wheat ; Triticale ; Heterochromatin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The C-banding patterns of wheat chromosomes in 7 hexaploid triticale and 7 wheat genotypes are described and compared. All 14 wheat chromosome pairs were individually identified in the triticales and a tetraploid wheat, and all the B and two A genome chromosome pairs in the hexaploid wheat genotypes. Little variation was found between genotypes in the distribution of C-bands but considerable variation was found in their size, total number and total length.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Agropyron ; Chromosome pairing ; Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-Agropyron addition series were determined. Chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines TAF-2 and L7 of ‘Vilmorin’-A. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines P and C of the ‘Caribo’-A. intermedium set respectively. Localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in ‘Vilmorin’-Agropyron addition line L4 and in ‘Caribo’-Agropyron line O indicated relationships with wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 4.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 337-348 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; rDNA ; Sequence ; Populations ; Variation ; Spacer region ; Triticum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The wheat rDNA clone pTA250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. The 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. The sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °C shift in Tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. This corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequence per ΔTm of 1 °C. The sensitivity of the Tm analysis using cloned sequences facilitated the analysis of small sequence variations in the spacer region of different Triticum aestivum cultivars and natural populations of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (referred to as T. dicoccoides). In addition spacer length variation was assayed by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with spacer sequence probes. Extensive polymorphism was observed for the spacer region in various cultivars of T. aestivum, although within each cultivar the rDNA clusters were homogeneous and could be assigned to particular chromosomes. Within natural populations of T. dicoccoides polymorphism was also observed but, once again, within any one individual the rDNA clusters appeared to be homogeneous. The polymorphism, at the sequence level (assayed by Tm analysis), was not so great as to prevent the use of spacer sequence variation as a probe for evolutionary relationships. The length variation as assayed by restriction enzyme digestion did not appear to be as useful in this regard, since its range of variation was extensive even within populations of a species.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 349-360 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosomes ; Nucleotides ; Evolution ; Polyploids ; Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The nature of genome change during polyploid evolution was studied by analysing selected species within the tribe Triticeae. The levels of genome changes examined included structural alterations (translocations, inversions), heterochromatinization, and nucleotide sequence change in the rDNA regions. These analyses provided data for evaluating models of genome evolution in polyploids in the genus Triticum, postulated on the basis of chromosome pairing at metaphase I in interspecies hybrids. The significance of structural chromosome alterations with respect to reduced MI chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids was assayed by determining the incidence of heterozygosity for translocations and paracentric inversions in the A and B genomes of T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum (referred to as T. araraticum) represented by two lines, 1760 and 2541, and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Line 1760 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 4B, 7B and possibly 2B. Line 2541 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 3A, 6A, 6B and possibly 2B. Line 1760 also differed from Chinese Spring by paracentric inversions in arms 1AL and 4AL whereas line 2541 differed by inversions in 1BL and 4AL (not all chromosomes arms were assayed). The incidence of structural changes in the A and B genomes did not coincide with the more extensive differentiation of the B genomes relative to the A genomes as reflected by chromosome pairing studies. To assay changing degrees of heterochromatinization among species of the genus Triticum, all the diploid and polyploid species were C-banded. No general agreement was observed between the amount of heterochromatin and the ability of the respective chromosomes to pair with chromosomes of the ancestral species. Marked changes in the amount of heterochromatin were found to have occurred during the evolution of some of the polyploids. The analysis of the rDNA region provided evidence for rapid “fixation” of new repeated sequences at two levels, namely, among the 130 bp repeated sequences of the spacer and at the level of the repeated arrays of the 9 kb rDNA units. These occurred both within a given rDNA region and between rDNA regions on nonhomologous chromosomes. The levels of change in the rDNA regions provided good precedent for expecting extensive nucleotide sequence changes associated with differentiation of Triticum genomes and these processes are argued to be the principal cause of genome differentiation as revealed by chromosome pairing studies.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maize ; Wheat ; Rape ; Restriction fragments ; Two dimensional electrophoresis ; Melting profiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper deals with the relationship of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS) of maize, wheat and rape. Intramolecular heterogeneity and fragment patterns of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases were compared and analyzed. For this purpose methods of agarose gel electrophoresis and two dimensional gel electrophoresis with denaturating solvent concentration gradients were applied. 1) Heat denaturation of ctDNA from a male sterile line in maize yielded a profile with three melting regions. This base sequence heterogeneity was not observed for the ctDNA of its maintainer. 2) Maize ctDNA was digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 restriction endonucleases, wheat and rape ctDNA with EcoR1 only. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of the fragment patterns from the sterile lines and their maintainers with the exception of the sterile line in rape which lacked one fragment present in its maintainer. 3) Two dimensional electrophoresis using a gradient of denaturing agents revealed several differences in number and relative positions of the separated restriction endonuclease fragments between the sterile lines and their respective maintainers in all three tested crops. This raises the possibility that changes in ctDNA may be involved in CMS.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 73-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Preputial glands ; Nude mice ; Ultrastructure ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The preputial glands of male nude (nu/nu) mice were analyzed by a combination of electron microscopy and gas chromatography to determine whether or not they are affected, like developing hairs and nails, by the nu/nu genotype. Results of the analyses revealed no differences between the glands of nude and normal male mice in either their ultrastructural characteristics or lipid secretory products.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo ; Endosperm ; Scutellum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The overall morphology of the developing wheat embryo in relation to its neighbouring tissues is described. The embryo is “isolated” early in development, but appears to be a powerful sink for nutrients. It is supplied initially by hydrolysis of the nucellar parenchyma and later by hydrolysis of neighbouring endosperm cells, which are completely digested. Later on, the nucellar epidermis forms specialised cells that may be transfer cells opposite the groove at the base of the embryo. The accumulation of starch and protein appears to begin first in the basal tissues of the scutellum and coleorhiza.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 104-113 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cereals ; Embryo culture ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cell proliferation from the mature embryo of wheat occurs on a defined medium in the presence of 2,4-D. Unorganized growth is observed when the 2,4-D concentration is equal to or greater than 2 mg/l, but increasing levels of 2,4-D inhibit cell division. Cell divisions begin after 4 days in culture from parenchyma cells within and near the procambial tissues of the embryo axis. By day 8 continuous meristematic zones are formed in association with vascular tissues, and DNA synthesis and cell divisions are distributed throughout these zones. No morphological evidence exists to show that these zones consist of proliferating root primordia, which are formed only after the level of 2,4-D falls below some critical concentration. When the concentration of 2,4-D is lowered, the meristematic zones first become dissected and then give rise to many root meristems.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 40-44 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Tissue culture ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Tissue cultures derived from the scutellum of immature embryos ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) gave rise to somatic embryos with a well-defined scutellum and coleoptile as well as one or more shoot primordia and a root primordium. The normal somatic embryos were formed from compact, white callus tissue which was not observed until 4 or more weeks after culture initiation. The highest frequency of white embryogenic tissue formation and the most normal embryoids were obtained in the dark on Murashige and Skoog's medium with twice the concentration of inorganic salts plus sucrose (2%), inositol (100–200 mg/l), casein hydrolysate (100–200 mg/l), glutamine (500 mg/l), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1–2 mg/l).
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas purity ; Sample stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The amount of oxygen which may be present in the gas volume corresponding to a peak is investigated and compared to the sample amounts. It is shown that even with high purity carrier gases one may have a significant excess of oxygen present at low sample amounts. Attention is drawn to the possibility of impurity build-up by diffusion e.g. through the septum.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Enantiomers ; Isotopic composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The high selectivity of complexation gas chromatography has been employed for enantiomer resolution and isotope separation. Thus, a chiral olefin, 3-methylcyclopentene, has been resolved analytically on optically active dicarbonyl-rhodium(I)-3-trifluoroacetyl-1R-camphorate in squalane. The deuterated ethylenes C2H4−nDn have been separated on the same rhodium(I)-containing stationary phase. The chiral aliphatic oxiranes epoxypropane andtrans-2,3-epoxybutane have been resolved on optically active nickel(II)-bis-3-trifluoroacetyl-1R-camphorate in squalane.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; On-column abstraction ; Aliphatic aldehydes ; Amine antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The selective on-column abstraction of aliphatic aldehydes by gas chromatographic stationary phases containing N-iso-propyl N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine is described.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 19-22 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Teflon columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Wall-coated open tubular columns prepared from chemically modified teflon tubing have been developed for gas chromatography. Chemical reaction of the inner walls of teflon tubing allows bonding of an adhesive layer on which a variety of stationary phaes can be coated. Test mixtures of alkanes and alcohols were used to investigate the chromatographic properties of these columns and the stability and mixing of the adhesive and stationary phae layers. the results in dicate that mixing of the layers is negligible and that the column is stable for a long period of time.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Teflon capillary columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The preparation of teflon capillary columns employing direct coating of the stationary phase to the chemically modified teflon surface and the role of the chemically modified teflon in the separation mechanism are described. Two types of contributions from the modified teflon have been observed: nonspecific adsorption of the carbon surface and specific interactions of polar groups in the carbon skeleton. The use of polar liquid phases can eliminate adsorption due to the presence of polar groups in the modified teflon.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 55-66 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Capillary columns, glass ; Gas chromatography ; Column preparation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie ist heute das sich am stärksten entwickelnde Gebiet der Gas-Chromatographie. Es gibt viele komplexe, neue Fragestellungen in der Analytik, welche den Einsatz spezieller Kapillarsäulen erfordem. Glücklicherweise gibt es aber auch eine große Zahl von Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen, welche — noch mehr als bei der Herstellung von gepackten Säulen — eine Anpassung an die gestellten Aufgaben ermöglichen. In diesem Artikel werden die Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen zusammengestellt und Anregungen gegeben, wie aufgaben-orientierte Säulen erreicht werden.
    Notizen: Summary Glass capillary column chromatography is the most rapidly growing part of gas chromatography. There are many complex new analytical tasks and they require special capillary columns, Fortunately there is a wide range of column preparation methods available, and they make the preparation of glass capillary columns a more varied job than that of packed columns. In this paper these methods are reviewed and suggestions are given for making task-oriented columns.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Urea herbicides ; Catalytic hydrolysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method is described for the rapid catalytic hydrolysis of phenylurea herbicides on silica gel at elevated temperatures. After derivatisation of the anilines produced with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride final analysis is done on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electroncapture detector. Detection limits are in the 1–5 picogram range. The method has successfully been applied to residue analysis of water samples at the 1 ppb level. The determination of free anilines present in water samples and the potential of various techniques to be used to discriminate between free anilines and parent herbicides are also discussed.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Graphitised carbon black ; Phenols ; Water pllutants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The fractionation of eleven phenols which may be contaminants in drinking water has been accomplished by using acid-washed graphitised carbon black modified with trimesic acid and PEG 20 M.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 447-451 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Headspace analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Residual analysis of polyethylene terephthalate ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Ethylene evolution in germinating seed ; Acetaldehyde generation in polyester resin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary New application areas for headspace gas chromatography in agricultural and polymer degradation research are described. Specific examples are drawn from the various forms of headspace analysis with emphasis on the automated static equilibrium method.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Nitromethane ; Nitroalkanes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Impurities in commercially available nitromethane have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography using six different column packings. Besides nitromethane, 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropane, acetonitrile, methanol, small amounts of ethanol and acetaldehyde have been detected. The presence of formaldehyde, ethyl acetate and acetone is probable. Mixtures containing comparable amounts of the four nitroalkanes could be separated on all columns, but plots of logarithms of the retention times vs. carbon number or boiling points of the nitroalkanes or column temperatures were linear only in case of columns packed with Porapak R and Q.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 60-62 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Amines ; Derivatization ; Chloroformate esters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The gas chromatographic analysis of amines after conversion to electron capture sensitive carbamates in two-phase systems has been studied. Hydrophilic compounds, for instance methylamine, are reacted with 2,2,2-trichloro-tert. butyl chloroformate. Quantitation below 10−7 M can be made by thermionic or electron capture detection. A hydrophobic amine, namely N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine, was derivatized with 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate with addition of iodide ion to the aqueous phase. The favorable effect of iodide ion as well as the choice of pH and chloroformate ester is discussed.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 98-102 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Rectangular channel ; Efficiency ; Capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic experiments have been performed in a truly rectangular channel with a 60∶1 cross-sectional aspect ratio, constructed according to the field-flow fractionation technology. It is shown that the peak broadening is controlled by the thickness of the channel while the maximum load is determined by the largest cross-sectional dimension. However, even with its elongated configuration, the side walls contribute significantly to the band broadening of solutes with a high diffusivity. Good agreement is found between the experimental plate height data and the recent theoretical calculations of Golay [13] taking into account the side-wall effect.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 269-284 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Phenols
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in the analysis of phenols are reviewed. Among the great number of phenolic compounds analyzed, alkylphenols, chlorophenols, dihydroxy- and trihydroxybenzenes and biphenols are chiefly considered. The advantages and drawbacks of the methods are discussed, quoting the most important work. Relationships between the structural characteristics of phenols, the stationary phase structure, the mobile phase composition and the retention data are treated. Typical examples of the conditions for GC and HPLC analysis are summarized in tables. The literature comprises over 270 references, most of them recent.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Average molecular polarizability ; Retention index ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The Kováts retention indices of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined on SE-30, OV-101, SE-52, OV-7 and OV-17 stationary phases. A significant correlation has been found between the retention indices and the average molecular polarizabilities of the analyzed substances. Equations were derived for the direct determination of the average molecular polarizabilities from the retention index values. The influence of the temperature on this relationship is also indicated.
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Esterification in aqueous solution ; iso butyl esters of C1–C20 fatty acids ; Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary C1–C20 carboxylic acids have been esterified in aqueous solutions with i-butanol. Gas chromatographic analyses have been performed from a single chromatogram. It has been established that esterification in the concentration range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–10.3 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of these carboxylic acids. The presence of water does not interfere in the range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–1.03. In the cases of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]〉1.03, anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water, in an amount of [Na2SO4]anh./[H2O]≥0.2.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 663-667 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Gas solubilities ; Enthalpies of solution ; Polar solutions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used to determine the solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution of the gases H2S, CO2 and COS in four polar solvents. The results agree well with literature values obtained using conventional techniques, with the one exception of H2S in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. In this case there is some evidence for the occurrence of adsorption at the gas-liquid interface.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-butyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The butyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and alipatic dicarboxylic acids. At mole ratios of [H2O]/ [n-BuOH]≤0.04 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.04 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4 anh.]/[H2O]=0.25–0.75.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Chemically bonded phase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Packings consisting of diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2, chemically bonded to the silica surface, were synthesized and their retention parameters determined. The packings are capable of specifically interacting with electron-donating compounds by forming π-complexes. The interaction is considerably stronger in the case of CoBr2-containing packing than in the case of CoCl2-containing packing.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 234-238 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; On-column injection ; Stopped-flow operation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A simple, inexpensive, on-column injector of the septum moving-needle kind is described for quantitative analysis using open-tubular columsn. when operated in the stopped-flow mode an improvement incolumn efficiency is observed combined wit a diminished tendency to produce split-top peaks, particularly for late eluting peaks. Using electronic integration a relative error of about 2.7% was observed for peaks spanning a wide range of sample concentrations and volatilities.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas ; Viscosity ; Influence of temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The vicosity-temperature relationship of the three gases (helium, nitrogen and hydrogen) most frequenly used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography is studied. Based on available data, equaitions are derived to describe this relationship. Using these equations viscosity data are tabulated for the chromatographically important temperature range.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 260-264 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Parabens and their dissolution ; Pharmaceutical dosage forms ; Derivatization ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A specific, sensitive and general applicabla gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of parabens in various liquid pharmaceutical preparations: propylparaben and butylparaben in a liquid antacid dosage form (I); methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben in a syrup (II); methylparaben and propylparaben in a solution for injection (III). Each time one of the parabens is used as internal standard. The parabens are extracted with diethylether and derivatized by silylation. Different columns are used for the analysis of the parabens: 3% SE-30 column, a 3% QF-1 column for different selectivity, a 2% OV-1 column for isothermal operation. Special attention is attributed to the standard: the parabens are dissolved in a minimal amount of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted in the same way as the pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 294-296 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Configuration ; Resolution ; Alcohols
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The study of the resolution of sixteen secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on (+)-dodecyl (2R, 3R)-tartrate, trapping the ascending part of the peak from a conventional filled column, has allowed the determination in a single operation of the sign and order of emergence of enantiomers. A correlation between the configuration of these secondary alcohols and their order of emergence has been established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 309-312 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carboxylic acids ; Acetonyl derivatives
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The preparation of the acetonyl esters of nine aliphatic carboxylic acids is described, the general formula of the derivatives being RCOOCH2COCH3 where R=alkyl or H. The derivatives show good chromatographic properties on both packed and capillary columns. The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the derivatives are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 449-455 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic relationships ; Retention index ; Peak identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A thermodynamic criterion, ΔQ, is suggested which permits to estimate the difference in the functional group energy of interactions for two different stationary phases. The linear dependence of ΔQ on the homolog number m of any series Rm X can be used as the thermodynamic criterion for the identification of substances by GC analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 477-488 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Sample capacity ; Column comparison ; Film thickness ; Column diameter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Wall-coated, open-tubular (capillary) columns prepared from different diameter tubing, with different liquid phase film thickness, are compared with each other and with packed and support-coated open-tubular columns. The comparison is based on the variation of the phase ratio and the capacity factor, and includes column efficiency (HETP, theoretical plate number), resolution, retention time, and sample capacity. Problems associated with the evaluation of the sample capacity are outlined. The influence of temperature on column performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the possibilities of short, wide-bore open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid-phase film are demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Colchicine ; Lumicolchicine ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Lumicolchicine was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Tests for purity were ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, analytical thin-layer chromatography, and a bioassay using wheat roots. Wheat roots treated for 3 days with 10−3 M lumicolchicine showed no c-mitosis, but had reduced growth compared with controls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Inflorescence ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Triticwn aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Tissue cultures ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) initiated from young inflorescences and immature embryos possessed the potential for regeneration of whole plants. Both a friable and a compact type of callus were produced on Murashige and Skoog's medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The friable callus contained meristematic centers in which the peripheral cells ceased dividing, elongated, and could be easily separated. Roots were frequently formed in this type of callus. The compact, yellowish, and nodular callus arose from the epithelial and sub-epithelial cells of the embryo scutellum, and the rachis and glumes of the young inflorescence. Such callus had a smooth surface and characteristic chlorophyllous areas. Plants were regenerated only from the compact callus. The first sign of differentiation in the compact callus was the formation of a cleft or notch on the smooth surface, followed by the appearance of trichomes and the direct development of leafy structures which were not associated initially with any shoot meristems. Multiple shoots subsequently arose at the bases of the leafy structures, which are considered modifications of the scutellum, a definitive part of the cereal embryo. Accordingly, we suggest that while typical bipolar embryos are generally not formed, plant regeneration nevertheless takes place through embryogenesis and the precocious germination of the embryoids. Plants regenerated from immature embryo and inflorescence cultures were grown to maturity in soil, and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n=6x=42.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 87-98 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Septoria ; epidemiology ; crop loss
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting In 1980 werden inoculaties verricht metSeptoria tritici in een veldproef met wintertarwe ‘Okapi’. De bladnecrose-voortschrijdingscurves werden bepaald. De S-vormige curves konden getransformeerd worden tot logit-lijnen. De geïnoculeerde en niet geïnoculeerde objecten verschilden aanzienlijk in de hellingen van de logit-lijnen. De halfwaardetijden varieerden al naar inoculatiedosis en vochtbehandeling na inoculatie. De verschillen in opbrengst (kg ha−1) waren significant voor geïnoculeerd tegenover niet-geïnoculeerd. De opbrengstderving van 878 kg ha−1 (gelijk aan 12% van de niet-geïnoculeerde controle 7045 kg ha−1)werd volledig verklaard door de vermindering van het korrelgewicht. De schade is aanzienlijk voor een cultivar die niet bijzonder vatbaar is. De opbrengstderving correleerde goed met de hoeveelheid necrose waargenomen bij de ontwikkelingsstadia DC=75 en DC=77. De necrose geïntegreerd over de tijd correleerde goed met de verlaging van het korrelgewicht.
    Notizen: Abstract In 1980, field inoculations withSeptoria tritici were performed on winter wheat cv. Okapi. Leaf necrosis progress curves were established; they were sigmoid and could be transformed into logit lines. There was a great difference in the slope of the logit lines between inoculated plots and non-inoculated controls. The mid-time values varied according to inoculum dosage and post-inoculation humidity treatment. Yields (kg ha−1) and average grain weights (mg grain−1) differed significantly between inoculated and non-inoculated plots, but seldom among inoculation treatments. Decrease of average grain weight completely explained yield loss, which was 878 kg ha−1 or 12% of control (7045 kg ha−1). This crop loss is considerable for a cultivar which is not particularly susceptible. A good correlation was found between the amount of necrosis at development stages DC=75 and 77 and yield depression. The integral of necrosis over time gave a high correlation with loss of kernel weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Assimilation ; Deficiency ; Irrigation ; Soil ; Tomato ; Toxicity ; Uranium concentration ; Wheat ; Yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Greenhouse conditions have been used for the study of uptake of uranium by wheat and tomato plants as affected by its concentration in soil and irrigation applied. The highest yield of wheat was obtained at 3.0 ppm of uranium whereas the tomato yield decreased with the increase of uranium in the soil. The analysis shows that Uranium uptake by wheat and tomato not only depends upon the uranium concentration in the soil but also on the amount of irrigation applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 295-300 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Endoscope ; Potatoes ; Root density ; Root length ; Soil core ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary It was determined experimentally whether the amount of roots, viewed by endoscope in observation tubes (cm cm−2) is related to root density (cm cm−3) in adjacent bulk soil, determined by core sampling. For wheat plants the results can be summarized by the equation: root length (cm cm−2, endoscope)=0.29 times root density (cm cm−3, soil cores). Results for potato plants could not be interpreted as unequivocally as for wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 77-94 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Nutrients ; Oxygen ; Roots ; Soil ; Toxins ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effects of waterlogging on concentrations of gases and various solutes dissolved in the soil water were investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether the early disruption to the growth of wheat was most closely associated with depletion of dissolved oxygen, accumulation of toxins, or changes in concentrations of nutrient ions in the soil water. Waterlogging slowed shoot fresh weight accumulation, leaf extension and nodal root growth; it also caused death of the seminal root system and early senescence of the lower leaves. However, the shoot dry weight initially increased above that of the non-waterlogged controls, and thus was not a reliable indicator of the early restriction to plant growth and development. The symptoms of damage to shoots and roots were attributed to the fall in soil oxygen concentrations, rather than to any decrease in concentration of inorganic nutrients in the soil water, or to the accumulation of any other measured solutes to toxic concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 69-83 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; Concentration gradient ; Exudates ; Pseudomonas putida ; Root exudation ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The release of substances from wheat roots was found to be directly related to the growth of the root system. Plants whose root system did not grow released almost no exudates. When exudate concentration in the vicinity of the roots was lowered by frequent replacements of the nutrient solution or by a simultaneous cultivation of exudate-utilizing bacteria, the release of exudates was enhanced. In axenic wheat cultures, the amount of exudates during a 12-day cultivation with 2- or 4-day intervals between medium replacements represented 50% of root dry weight and 12% of whole plant dry weight. Wheat plants cultivated in the presence of the bacteriumPseudomonas putida released up to double the amount of exudates compared with axenic variants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Mulch ; Polyethylene sheet ; Seedling emergence ; Soil temperature ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil temperature altered by various ways of soil coveringviz control (T1), transparent polyethylene (T2), black polyethylene (T3), rice straw (T4), rice straw applied only during night (T5) and farm yard manure (T6) on seedling emergence of wheat sown on November 30, 1978 and January 6, 1979. Maximum increase in soil temperature occurred under transparent polyethylene cover. Temperature alterations were relatively smaller under other treatments and was minimum under farm yard manure cover. With both sowings, the effect of various ways of soil covering on seedling emergence depended on the magnitude of soil temperature alteration caused by them. It was hastened markedly under transparent polyethylene cover and only slightly under black polyethylene cover. Continuous soil covering with rice straw slowed down seedling emergence while covering only during night hastened it slightly. Farm yard manure cover showed negligible effect on seedling emergence. Seedling emergence response to an increase in soil temperature was higher with second sowing when temperature was relatively lower than with first sowing. The result suggests the possibility of expediting seedling emergence of wheat sown under low temperature condition by transparent polyethylene cover. Seedling emergence was only slightly influenced by other soil covers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Intracoleoptile internode ; Water uptake ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Measurements of xylem vessel number and radii in the seminal roots and intra-coleoptile internode (I.C.I.) of five wheat genotypes showed that the conducting capacity of the I.C.I. was close to the main seminal axis, and would restrict flow when the usual 3–5 seminal axes contributed to uptake. The length and hence resistance of the I.C.I. increased with sowing depth, whilst xylem diameter also fell in two genotypes, which would further restrict flow. The resistance per unit length of I.C.I., assuming Poiseuille flow, was 4×10−4 cm−4 day MPa. A pressure drop of 0.15 MPa along an I.C.I. 5 cm long would be required to maintain transpiration under typical field conditions in southern Australia in spring. In a second study of eleven wheat varieties sown up to 10 cm deep, maximum I.C.I. length ranged from 3.6–6.8 cm amongst varieties with similar maximum coleoptile lengths (6–8 cm). Thus considerable variation in hydraulic resistance may be achieved by the appropriate combination of genotype and planting depth. It was concluded that potentially useful differences in the rate of subsoil water use could result.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acridine orange ; Barley ; Cerelas ; Microdochium bolleyi ; Nuclear staining ; Phialophora radicicola ; Rhizosphere ; Root cortex death ; Take-all ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nuclear staining with acridine orange was used to assess cell viability in the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots from glasshouse and field experiments. Results from this method correlated well with nuclear assessments made in unstained or Feulgen-stained roots, and other evidence is presented to support the validity of the method. The pattern of root cortex death (RCD) was similar in wheat and barley and consistent over a wide range of conditions. Behind the extending root tip and zone of nucleate root hairs, nuclei disappeared progressively from the outer five (of six) cortical cell layers of the root axes, starting in the epidermis. Stainable nuclei remained in the sixth cell layer, next to the endodermis, and in most cell layers around the bases of root laterals and in a small region immediately below the grain. The onset of cell death was apparently related more to the age of a root region than to its distance behind the root tip, and it was not closely correlated with endodermal or stelar development assessed by staining with phloroglucinol/HCl. The rate of RCD was much faster in wheat than barley in both glasshouse and field conditions, and faster in some spring wheat cultivars than in others in the glasshouse. RCD occurred in sterile vermiculite and perlite and was not enhanced by the presence of soil microorganisms; nor was it enhanced in soil by the addition of the non-pathogenic fungal parasitesPhialophora radicicola var..graminicola orMicrodochium bolleyi. RCD is suggested to be endogenously controlled by the amount of photosynthate reaching the cortex. Its implications for growth of soil microorganisms and especially for growth and biological control of root-infecting fungi are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 279-290 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Copper ; Barley ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effects of different nitrogen sources (NH4, NO3, and NH4 NO3) on the uptake of copper by wheat and barley growing in solution culture were compared in three experiments. Both the copper concentration and weight gain of shoots and roots were found to decrease in the order NO3〉NH4 NO3〉NH4 irrespective of the solution copper concentration. Ammonium nitrogen was also found to decrease the copper concentration of wheat grown on a copper deficient soil compared with a nitrate source of nitrogen. Increasing concentrations of ammonium ions in solution culture caused ammonium toxicity and reduced both plant copper concentrations and vegetative yield. Biochemical investigations using paper chromatography revealed that the amino acid asparagine was the major detoxification product of ammonia in wheat. Copper deficient plants were found to have elevated levels of amino acids compared with controls, irrespective of the nitrogen source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acridine orange ; Cochliobolus sativus ; Common root rot ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nuclear staining ; Roots ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Natural senescence of the root cortex was assessed by nuclear staining, for cultivars and chromosome substitution lines of spring wheat known to differ in (1) susceptibility to common root rot, (2) total rhizosphere populations and (3) ability to support growth of a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Together, three root rot susceptible wheat lines showed significantly more cortical senescence than did three resistant lines; the susceptible lines also support larger rhizosphere populations. The wheat line that supports growth of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium showed significantly less cortical death than did any other line. Substitution of chromosome pairs 5B or 5D between the parent cultivars Rescue and Cadet substantially altered the amount of root cortex death, which is thus genetically determined. It is suggested thatCochliobolus sativus and other weak parasites benefit from early natural senescence of the root cortex, and that the degree of susceptibility or resistance of wheat lines to common root rot is at least partly determined by differences in cortical senescence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Hydroponics ; Ion uptake ; Radionuclides ; Root pathogens ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Triple-labelled nutrient solution was used to compare the effects of seven root-infecting fungi on uptake of K, Ca and P by wheat. Plants grown in sand or hydroponic culture were transferred to solutions that contained42K,45Ca and32P for 24 h, then dried, ashed and digested in 6M HCl. To distinguish radiation emitted by42K,45Ca and32P plant digests were counted on two channels of a liquid scintillation counter immediately and 7 days later, after the decay of42K radiation. Plants infected byGaeumannomyces graminis took up and translocated less K, Ca and P to their shoots than uninfected plants. Other root-infecting fungi had little effect on uptake of these ions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Nuclear staining ; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ; Root rot ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining methods were used to study natural senescence of the root cortex and coleoptile of wheat and barley seedlings grown in glasshouse conditions. Coleoptiles of barley senesced more slowly than those of wheat, paralleling the known difference in rates of root cortex senescence in these cereals. The coleoptiles and root cortices of both cereals senesced more slowly in shaded than in unshaded conditions, but infection of the shoots of barley byErysiphe graminis had little effect on root cortex senescence. The results are discussed in relation to infection by root- and foot-rot fungi. Previous reports on the effects of illumination on take-all infection (Gaeumannomyces graminis) are explained. It is suggested that natural senescence of the coleoptile might affect establishment of infection by the eyespot fungus,Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, either directly or through the activities of competing microorganisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 381-385 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): 14C-labelled plant material ; 14C-labelled soil ; Root exudation ; Sample oxidizer ; Scintillation counting ; Sutton series soil ; Tissue solubilization ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A comparison between a tissue solubilization method and a sample oxidizer technique to measure14C in plant and soil material is described. The solubilization method although not quantitative gives good recoveries and reproducible values of14C-content with soil samples not exceeding 10 mg and should be of value for estimating the14C-content of soils in laboratories without a sample oxidizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cracks ; Crack width ; Lateral roots ; Pea ; Penetration ; Penetrometer ; Rape ; Remoulded soil ; Roots ; Safflower ; Seminal axes ; Soil strength ; Undisturbed soil ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Experimental methods are described for observing the behaviour of roots encountering cracks in soil. The proportions of roots which enter a second soil block after crossing a crack of known width were measured. Soil strength was measured with a penetrometer. Results are presented for the proportions of seminal roots of wheat and primary lateral roots of pea which enter moulded soil of various strengths after crossing cracks. Results are also presented for the proportions of seminal roots of pea, rape and safflower which enter undisturbed soil after crossing cracks. It was found that, in all cases, the proportion of roots penetrating the second soil block decreased with increasing crack width and increasing soil strength. Also, a smaller proportion of thinner roots penetrated the second soil block than thicker roots under similar conditions. Root diameter in the cracks was influenced by both crack width and soil strength, and an empirical equation is presented to describe this effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Mg/Ca ratio ; Water quality ; Nutrient content ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A study conducted in pots to evaluate the effect of different Mg/Ca ratios (2, 4, 8 and 16) and electrolyte concentrations (20 and 80 meq/l) at SAR 10 in irrigation water on the nutrient uptake and yield of wheat crop in two soils revealed that the average grain and dry matter yields of wheat decreased significantly with an increase in Mg/Ca ratio in irrigation water, but the magnitude of decrease was greater at higher electrolyte concentration than at lower electrolyte concentration. The concentration of Na in both straw and grain of wheat increased and that of K decreased with an increase in Mg/Ca ratio and electrolyte concentration of irrigation water, which led to higher Na/Ca and Na/K ratios in the plant. Further, the concentration of Ca and Mg both in straw as well as in grain increased with increasing electrolyte concentration of the irrigation water. An increasing proportion of Mg in saline irrigation water resulted in decreased concentration of Ca and increased concentration of Mg in both straw and grain of wheat crop. It was also noticed that the increasing proportion of Mg over Ca in the poor quality irrigation water increased the P content of both straw and grain of wheat crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 433-436 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Copper-nutrition ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In a pot culture study, copper addition to soil increased the crop yield only in presence of nitrogen. The latter increased the utilization of both native as well as applied copper but more that of applied. It also minimised the adverse effect of applied phosphorus on copper utilization. Phosphorus at the rate 45 ppm had the tendency of decreasing copper uptake by wheat if applied without nitrogen or with its low level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 69-74 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azotobacter ; chroococeum ; Derxia ; gumnosa ; Klebsiella ; Nitrogen ; fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Five highly active N2-fixing strains of Klebsiella isolated from the phyllosphere of tropical plants, KUPBR1, KUPBR2, KUPM, KUP4 and KUP6 along withAzotobacter vinelandii OP,A. chroococcum G40 andDerxia gumnosa were sprayed on the foliage of a high yielding wheat cultivar, Kalyansona. The strains of Klebsiella enhanced dry wt., chrorophyll and nitrogen content, and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield in inoculated plants varied between 19.9 and 25.09 quintals ha−1 against 24.34 quintals with urea. Best results were obtained with KUP4 which when applied at half dose was as effective as 52.5 kg Urea-N ha−1. Azotobacter and Derxia only slightly improved growth and nitrogen content of grain or straw.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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