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  • United States  (7,181)
  • *Biological Evolution  (1,717)
  • Protein Conformation  (1,665)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8,667)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (1,830)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/*ethics/*standards ; *Oocytes ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Zygote
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Financial Management ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Vaccines/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, Jesse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):418. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jesse Shanahan is a master's student in astronomy at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Career Mobility ; Disabled Persons/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Fear ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Philip A -- Mason, Lucy R -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Sauer, John R -- Alison, Jamie -- Aunins, Ainars -- Brotons, Lluis -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campedelli, Tommaso -- Chodkiewicz, Tomasz -- Chylarecki, Przemyslaw -- Crowe, Olivia -- Elts, Jaanus -- Escandell, Virginia -- Foppen, Ruud P B -- Heldbjerg, Henning -- Herrando, Sergi -- Husby, Magne -- Jiguet, Frederic -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Lindstrom, Ake -- Noble, David G -- Paquet, Jean-Yves -- Reif, Jiri -- Sattler, Thomas -- Szep, Tibor -- Teufelbauer, Norbert -- Trautmann, Sven -- van Strien, Arco J -- van Turnhout, Chris A M -- Vorisek, Petr -- Willis, Stephen G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):84-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4858.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Ecology Group, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. ; Center for Mediterranean Forest Research, Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya, InForest JRU, Solsona 25280, Spain. REAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. ; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. ; MITO2000 National Committee; c/o Dream Italia, Via Garibaldi 3, 52015, Pratovecchio-Stia, Arezzo, Italy. ; Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, Odrowaza 24,05-270 Marki, Poland. ; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland. ; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Street 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. ; Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia/BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid. Spain. ; European Bird Census Council, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening-BirdLife Denmark and University of Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ; European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Placa Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; Section for Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway. ; UMR7204 Sorbonne Universites-MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CESCO, CRBPO, CP 135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. ; The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; The British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. ; Natagora, Departement Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. ; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. ; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, Sostoi ut 31/b, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. ; BirdLife Austria, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. ; Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (Federation of German Avifaunists), An den Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. ; Statistics Netherlands, Post Office Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. ; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Belidle 252/34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Climate Change ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Europe ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1138-40. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer Simulation ; *Explosions ; *Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; *Nuclear Weapons ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: The dynamic properties of foldamers, synthetic molecules that mimic folded biomolecules, have mainly been explored in free solution. We report on the design, synthesis, and conformational behavior of photoresponsive foldamers bound in a phospholipid bilayer akin to a biological membrane phase. These molecules contain a chromophore, which can be switched between two configurations by different wavelengths of light, attached to a helical synthetic peptide that both promotes membrane insertion and communicates conformational change along its length. Light-induced structural changes in the chromophore are translated into global conformational changes, which are detected by monitoring the solid-state (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance signals of a remote fluorine-containing residue located 1 to 2 nanometers away. The behavior of the foldamers in the membrane phase is similar to that of analogous compounds in organic solvents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Poli, Matteo -- Zawodny, Wojciech -- Quinonero, Ophelie -- Lorch, Mark -- Webb, Simon J -- Clayden, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):575-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8352. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK. j.clayden@bristol.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Light ; Lipid Bilayers/*chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Peptides/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Phosphatidylcholines/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Phospholipids/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Photochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maxmen, Amy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1378-80. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anal Canal/*anatomy & histology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ctenophora/*anatomy & histology/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):641. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4014. Epub 2016 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt Editor-in-Chief Science Journals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Corrosion ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Michigan ; *Public Health ; Safety/*economics ; Trust ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Supply/*economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fahlgren, Noah -- Bart, Rebecca -- Herrera-Estrella, Luis -- Rellan-Alvarez, Ruben -- Chitwood, Daniel H -- Dinneny, Jose R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):824. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6275.824-a. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. ; Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad, Irapuato, 36821, Mexico. ; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org. ; Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jdinneny@carnegiescience.edu dchitwood@danforthcenter.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Food, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects ; Genetic Engineering/*utilization ; Health ; Humans ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*adverse effects/genetics ; United States ; Zea mays/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):115. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Financing, Organized/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; *Sexism ; United States ; *Women, Working
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):10-1. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉With reporting from Science's news staff.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):277-8. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain ; *Datasets as Topic ; European Union ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Neurosciences/*trends ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):123. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harold Varmus is the Lewis Thomas University Professor at the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Senior Associate Member of the New York Genome Center, New York, NY; and former director of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. varmus@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; *Leadership ; Medical Oncology/economics/*trends ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/prevention & control ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, He -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):486. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉He Fu is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. For more on life and careers, visit sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; China ; *International Educational Exchange ; Microbiology/*education ; United States
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate for which there is no approved therapy. Two human monoclonal antibodies, mAb100 and mAb114, in combination, protect nonhuman primates against all signs of Ebola virus disease, including viremia. Here, we demonstrate that mAb100 recognizes the base of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) trimer, occludes access to the cathepsin-cleavage loop, and prevents the proteolytic cleavage of GP that is required for virus entry. We show that mAb114 interacts with the glycan cap and inner chalice of GP, remains associated after proteolytic removal of the glycan cap, and inhibits binding of cleaved GP to its receptor. These results define the basis of neutralization for two protective antibodies and may facilitate development of therapies and vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Misasi, John -- Gilman, Morgan S A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Gui, Miao -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Corti, Davide -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Cunningham, James -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean Jacques -- Baxa, Ulrich -- Graham, Barney S -- Xiang, Ye -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- McLellan, Jason S -- 5K08AI079381/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- T32GM008704/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1343-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6117. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China. njsull@mail.nih.gov yxiang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov yxiang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/*chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*chemistry/immunology ; Cathepsins/chemistry ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Protein Conformation ; Proteolysis ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*immunology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: With functions that range from cell envelope structure to signal transduction and transport, lipoproteins constitute 2 to 3% of bacterial genomes and play critical roles in bacterial physiology, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance. Lipoproteins are synthesized with a signal peptide securing them to the cytoplasmic membrane with the lipoprotein domain in the periplasm or outside the cell. Posttranslational processing requires a signal peptidase II (LspA) that removes the signal peptide. Here, we report the crystal structure of LspA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa complexed with the antimicrobial globomycin at 2.8 angstrom resolution. Mutagenesis studies identify LspA as an aspartyl peptidase. In an example of molecular mimicry, globomycin appears to inhibit by acting as a noncleavable peptide that sterically blocks the active site. This structure should inform rational antibiotic drug discovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogeley, Lutz -- El Arnaout, Toufic -- Bailey, Jonathan -- Stansfeld, Phillip J -- Boland, Coilin -- Caffrey, Martin -- BB/I019855/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):876-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK. ; School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. martin.caffrey@tcd.ie.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*enzymology ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: Splicing of precursor messenger RNA is accomplished by a dynamic megacomplex known as the spliceosome. Assembly of a functional spliceosome requires a preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, which comprises the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), the U4 and U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) duplex, and a number of protein factors. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP at an overall resolution of 3.8 angstroms by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. The local resolution for the core regions of the tri-snRNP reaches 3.0 to 3.5 angstroms, allowing construction of a refined atomic model. Our structure contains U5 snRNA, the extensively base-paired U4/U6 snRNA, and 30 proteins including Prp8 and Snu114, which amount to 8495 amino acids and 263 nucleotides with a combined molecular mass of ~1 megadalton. The catalytic nucleotide U80 from U6 snRNA exists in an inactive conformation, stabilized by its base-pairing interactions with U4 snRNA and protected by Prp3. Pre-messenger RNA is bound in the tri-snRNP through base-pairing interactions with U6 snRNA and loop I of U5 snRNA. This structure, together with that of the spliceosome, reveals the molecular choreography of the snRNAs in the activation process of the spliceosomal ribozyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wan, Ruixue -- Yan, Chuangye -- Bai, Rui -- Wang, Lin -- Huang, Min -- Wong, Catherine C L -- Shi, Yigong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):466-75. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6466. Epub 2016 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26743623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA Precursors/chemistry ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Spliceosomes/*chemistry/ultrastructure
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: The U4/U6.U5 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-snRNP) is a major spliceosome building block. We obtained a three-dimensional structure of the 1.8-megadalton human tri-snRNP at a resolution of 7 angstroms using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We fit all known high-resolution structures of tri-snRNP components into the EM density map and validated them by protein cross-linking. Our model reveals how the spatial organization of Brr2 RNA helicase prevents premature U4/U6 RNA unwinding in isolated human tri-snRNPs and how the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-like protein Sad1 likely tethers the helicase Brr2 to its preactivation position. Comparison of our model with cryo-EM three-dimensional structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tri-snRNP and Schizosaccharomyces pombe spliceosome indicates that Brr2 undergoes a marked conformational change during spliceosome activation, and that the scaffolding protein Prp8 is also rearranged to accommodate the spliceosome's catalytic RNA network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agafonov, Dmitry E -- Kastner, Berthold -- Dybkov, Olexandr -- Hofele, Romina V -- Liu, Wen-Ti -- Urlaub, Henning -- Luhrmann, Reinhard -- Stark, Holger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1416-20. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2085. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Bioanalytics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Gottingen, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of 3D Electron Cryomicroscopy, Georg-August Universitat Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Department of Structural Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Bioanalytics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Gottingen, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. reinhard.luehrmann@mpi-bpc.mpg.de hstark1@gwdg.de henning.urlaub@mpibpc.mpg.de. ; Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. reinhard.luehrmann@mpi-bpc.mpg.de hstark1@gwdg.de henning.urlaub@mpibpc.mpg.de. ; Department of 3D Electron Cryomicroscopy, Georg-August Universitat Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Department of Structural Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. reinhard.luehrmann@mpi-bpc.mpg.de hstark1@gwdg.de henning.urlaub@mpibpc.mpg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Elongation Factors/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; RNA Helicases/chemistry ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/*chemistry ; Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/*chemistry ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Schizosaccharomyces/metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/chemistry
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):207. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bruce Alberts is the Chancellor's Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, and emeritus editor-in-chief of Science. Bruce.Alberts@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Faculty ; Humans ; Leadership ; Policy Making ; *Power (Psychology) ; Schools/*manpower/trends ; Teaching/*manpower/methods/trends ; United States
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6270.214. Epub 2016 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Copulation ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, Steven G -- Bhattacharya, Debashish -- Weber, Andreas P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):659-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Lille CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. debash.bhattacharya@gmail.com. ; Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Archaea/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Endocytosis ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Plastids/*genetics ; Rickettsia/genetics/pathogenicity ; Symbiosis/*genetics
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):394-5. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.394. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Foundations ; Genes ; Genetic Research/*economics ; Great Britain ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Philip E -- Le Roux, Johannes J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-b. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nz. ; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, Arlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1117. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5468. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arlene Blum is founder and executive director of the Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, CA. arlene@GreenSciencePolicy.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Product Safety/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Health ; Household Products/*toxicity ; Humans ; Manufactured Materials/*toxicity ; United States
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: Bacterial adaptive immunity and genome engineering involving the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated (Cas) protein Cas9 begin with RNA-guided DNA unwinding to form an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand inside the protein. The role of this R-loop structure in positioning each DNA strand for cleavage by the two Cas9 nuclease domains is unknown. We determine molecular structures of the catalytically active Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 R-loop that show the displaced DNA strand located near the RuvC nuclease domain active site. These protein-DNA interactions, in turn, position the HNH nuclease domain adjacent to the target DNA strand cleavage site in a conformation essential for concerted DNA cutting. Cas9 bends the DNA helix by 30 degrees , providing the structural distortion needed for R-loop formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Fuguo -- Taylor, David W -- Chen, Janice S -- Kornfeld, Jack E -- Zhou, Kaihong -- Thompson, Aubri J -- Nogales, Eva -- Doudna, Jennifer A -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):867-71. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8282. Epub 2016 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. doudna@berkeley.edu enogales@lbl.gov. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. doudna@berkeley.edu enogales@lbl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26841432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Catalytic Domain ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry ; *DNA Cleavage ; Endonucleases/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Genetic Engineering ; Genome ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/chemistry ; RNA, Guide ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*enzymology
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a major HIV vaccine goal. Germline-targeting immunogens aim to initiate bnAb induction by activating bnAb germline precursor B cells. Critical unmet challenges are to determine whether bnAb precursor naive B cells bind germline-targeting immunogens and occur at sufficient frequency in humans for reliable vaccine responses. Using deep mutational scanning and multitarget optimization, we developed a germline-targeting immunogen (eOD-GT8) for diverse VRC01-class bnAbs. We then used the immunogen to isolate VRC01-class precursor naive B cells from HIV-uninfected donors. Frequencies of true VRC01-class precursors, their structures, and their eOD-GT8 affinities support this immunogen as a candidate human vaccine prime. These methods could be applied to germline targeting for other classes of HIV bnAbs and for Abs to other pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4872700/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4872700/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jardine, Joseph G -- Kulp, Daniel W -- Havenar-Daughton, Colin -- Sarkar, Anita -- Briney, Bryan -- Sok, Devin -- Sesterhenn, Fabian -- Ereno-Orbea, June -- Kalyuzhniy, Oleksandr -- Deresa, Isaiah -- Hu, Xiaozhen -- Spencer, Skye -- Jones, Meaghan -- Georgeson, Erik -- Adachi, Yumiko -- Kubitz, Michael -- deCamp, Allan C -- Julien, Jean-Philippe -- Wilson, Ian A -- Burton, Dennis R -- Crotty, Shane -- Schief, William R -- P01 AI094419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI110657/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1458-63. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada. Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02129, USA. ; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA. schief@scripps.edu shane@lji.org. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02129, USA. schief@scripps.edu shane@lji.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibody Affinity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Separation ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Germ Cells/*immunology ; HIV Antibodies/chemistry/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Library ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/*immunology ; Protein Conformation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):14. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Databases, Genetic/*economics ; Financial Support ; Human Genome Project/*economics ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/*economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richmond, Geraldine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):427. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2869. Epub 2016 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geraldine Richmond is president of AAAS and Presidential Chair in Science and professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. richmond@oregon.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Internationality ; United States ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):20. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6281.20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Financing, Government ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):325-6. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*organization & administration ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Kraska, James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1258-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4247.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. jroman@uvm.edu. ; Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RI 02841, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bays ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cuba ; Diplomacy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarrazin, Francois -- Lecomte, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422-3. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-c. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CESCO, UMR 7204, 75005 Paris, France. sarrazin@mnhn.fr. ; Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):424-5. doi: 10.1038/532424a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*trends ; *Federal Government ; Financing, Government/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/economics ; Information Dissemination ; Leadership ; Neoplasms/economics/genetics/immunology/*therapy ; *Private Sector/economics ; *Public-Private Sector Partnerships/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Frank -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):156. doi: 10.1038/529156e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Hazard Release/*prevention & control ; Equipment Safety ; *Materials Testing ; Oil and Gas Industry/*instrumentation/methods ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melott, Adrian L -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):40-1. doi: 10.1038/532040a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change/history ; *Earth (Planet) ; Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Iron Radioisotopes/*analysis/chemistry ; Stars, Celestial/*chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):437-8. doi: 10.1038/529437b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Cities ; Congo ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; *Parks, Recreational/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pleasure ; Uganda ; United States ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems insert spacers derived from viruses and other parasitic DNA elements into CRISPR loci to provide sequence-specific immunity. This frequently results in high within-population spacer diversity, but it is unclear if and why this is important. Here we show that, as a result of this spacer diversity, viruses can no longer evolve to overcome CRISPR-Cas by point mutation, which results in rapid virus extinction. This effect arises from synergy between spacer diversity and the high specificity of infection, which greatly increases overall population resistance. We propose that the resulting short-lived nature of CRISPR-dependent bacteria-virus coevolution has provided strong selection for the evolution of sophisticated virus-encoded anti-CRISPR mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Houte, Stineke -- Ekroth, Alice K E -- Broniewski, Jenny M -- Chabas, Helene -- Ashby, Ben -- Bondy-Denomy, Joseph -- Gandon, Sylvain -- Boots, Mike -- Paterson, Steve -- Buckling, Angus -- Westra, Edze R -- DP5-OD021344/OD/NIH HHS/ -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):385-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17436. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK. ; CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Universite de Montpellier, Universite Paul-Valery Montpellier, EPHE, 1919, route de Mende 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophages/genetics/immunology/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics/*immunology ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Fitness/genetics/physiology ; Point Mutation/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*genetics/*immunology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):253-4. doi: 10.1038/530253b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/*trends ; Child ; *Federal Government ; *Goals ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Information Dissemination ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nardone, Roland M -- MacLeod, Roderick A F -- Capes-Davis, Amanda -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Contamination ; Databases, Factual ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Guidelines as Topic ; Heterografts/*standards ; Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*pathology ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 May 11;533(7602):146. doi: 10.1038/533146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Device Approval/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence ; Electronic Cigarettes/*adverse effects/utilization ; Humans ; Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nicotine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analysis ; Research Personnel ; Smoking/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects/utilization ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, Alvin E -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):178. doi: 10.1038/532178a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, California, USA. He shared the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Lloyd Shapley.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Economics/*history ; Female ; *Game Theory ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Marketing/history ; Marriage/psychology ; Mathematics/*history ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 May 11;533(7602):145. doi: 10.1038/533145a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety ; Biomedical Research/*trends ; Breast Feeding/*adverse effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk, Human/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Mothers/psychology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Risk Assessment ; Safety ; *Uncertainty ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lauer, Michael -- Valantine, Hannah -- Collins, Francis S -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):35. doi: 10.1038/531035b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Organizational Policy ; Sexual Harassment/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Workplace
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):7. doi: 10.1038/533007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Americas ; *Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Burial/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Dissent and Disputes/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; History, Ancient ; Human Migration/history ; Humans ; Indians, North American/classification/genetics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Indians, South American/classification/genetics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Phylogeny ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Washington
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):17. doi: 10.1038/530017a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention/drug effects ; Cognition Disorders/*complications/*drug therapy/psychology ; Depression/*complications/drug therapy/*psychology ; *Drug Discovery ; *Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Memory/drug effects ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: (beta-)Arrestins are important regulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They bind to active, phosphorylated GPCRs and thereby shut off 'classical' signalling to G proteins, trigger internalization of GPCRs via interaction with the clathrin machinery and mediate signalling via 'non-classical' pathways. In addition to two visual arrestins that bind to rod and cone photoreceptors (termed arrestin1 and arrestin4), there are only two (non-visual) beta-arrestin proteins (beta-arrestin1 and beta-arrestin2, also termed arrestin2 and arrestin3), which regulate hundreds of different (non-visual) GPCRs. Binding of these proteins to GPCRs usually requires the active form of the receptors plus their phosphorylation by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). The binding of receptors or their carboxy terminus as well as certain truncations induce active conformations of (beta-)arrestins that have recently been solved by X-ray crystallography. Here we investigate both the interaction of beta-arrestin with GPCRs, and the beta-arrestin conformational changes in real time and in living human cells, using a series of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based beta-arrestin2 biosensors. We observe receptor-specific patterns of conformational changes in beta-arrestin2 that occur rapidly after the receptor-beta-arrestin2 interaction. After agonist removal, these changes persist for longer than the direct receptor interaction. Our data indicate a rapid, receptor-type-specific, two-step binding and activation process between GPCRs and beta-arrestins. They further indicate that beta-arrestins remain active after dissociation from receptors, allowing them to remain at the cell surface and presumably signal independently. Thus, GPCRs trigger a rapid, receptor-specific activation/deactivation cycle of beta-arrestins, which permits their active signalling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nuber, Susanne -- Zabel, Ulrike -- Lorenz, Kristina -- Nuber, Andreas -- Milligan, Graeme -- Tobin, Andrew B -- Lohse, Martin J -- Hoffmann, Carsten -- 1 R01 DA038882/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- BB/K019864/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):661-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17198. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. ; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Biosensing Techniques ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Callaway, Ewen -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):159-60. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19714.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/*organization & ; administration ; Great Britain ; Laboratories/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Personnel/*economics ; United States
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Island biogeographical models consider islands either as geologically static with biodiversity resulting from ecologically neutral immigration-extinction dynamics, or as geologically dynamic with biodiversity resulting from immigration-speciation-extinction dynamics influenced by changes in island characteristics over millions of years. Present climate and spatial arrangement of islands, however, are rather exceptional compared to most of the Late Quaternary, which is characterized by recurrent cooler and drier glacial periods. These climatic oscillations over short geological timescales strongly affected sea levels and caused massive changes in island area, isolation and connectivity, orders of magnitude faster than the geological processes of island formation, subsidence and erosion considered in island theory. Consequences of these oscillations for present biodiversity remain unassessed. Here we analyse the effects of present and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) island area, isolation, elevation and climate on key components of angiosperm diversity on islands worldwide. We find that post-LGM changes in island characteristics, especially in area, have left a strong imprint on present diversity of endemic species. Specifically, the number and proportion of endemic species today is significantly higher on islands that were larger during the LGM. Native species richness, in turn, is mostly determined by present island characteristics. We conclude that an appreciation of Late Quaternary environmental change is essential to understand patterns of island endemism and its underlying evolutionary dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weigelt, Patrick -- Steinbauer, Manuel Jonas -- Cabral, Juliano Sarmento -- Kreft, Holger -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):99-102. doi: 10.1038/nature17443. Epub 2016 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity, Macroecology &Conservation Biogeography Group, University of Gottingen, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Systemic Conservation Biology, University of Gottingen, 37073 Gottingen, Germany. ; Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. ; Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. ; Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; *Angiosperms ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change/*history ; Geographic Mapping ; Geological Processes ; History, Ancient ; Internationality ; *Islands ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/analysis ; Species Specificity
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: Arrestins are cytosolic proteins that regulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, internalization, trafficking and signalling. Arrestin recruitment uncouples GPCRs from heterotrimeric G proteins, and targets the proteins for internalization via clathrin-coated pits. Arrestins also function as ligand-regulated scaffolds that recruit multiple non-G-protein effectors into GPCR-based 'signalsomes'. Although the dominant function(s) of arrestins vary between receptors, the mechanism whereby different GPCRs specify these divergent functions is unclear. Using a panel of intramolecular fluorescein arsenical hairpin (FlAsH) bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) reporters to monitor conformational changes in beta-arrestin2, here we show that GPCRs impose distinctive arrestin 'conformational signatures' that reflect the stability of the receptor-arrestin complex and role of beta-arrestin2 in activating or dampening downstream signalling events. The predictive value of these signatures extends to structurally distinct ligands activating the same GPCR, such that the innate properties of the ligand are reflected as changes in beta-arrestin2 conformation. Our findings demonstrate that information about ligand-receptor conformation is encoded within the population average beta-arrestin2 conformation, and provide insight into how different GPCRs can use a common effector for different purposes. This approach may have application in the characterization and development of functionally selective GPCR ligands and in identifying factors that dictate arrestin conformation and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Mi-Hye -- Appleton, Kathryn M -- Strungs, Erik G -- Kwon, Joshua Y -- Morinelli, Thomas A -- Peterson, Yuri K -- Laporte, Stephane A -- Luttrell, Louis M -- DK055524/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM095497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-74603/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R01 DK055524/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR027777/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027777/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):665-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17154. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical &Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. ; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada. ; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. ; Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada. ; Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 51
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):147-8. doi: 10.1038/532147b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/*legislation & jurisprudence/*organization & administration ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: As climate change unfolds, weather systems in the United States have been shifting in patterns that vary across regions and seasons. Climate science research typically assesses these changes by examining individual weather indicators, such as temperature or precipitation, in isolation, and averaging their values across the spatial surface. As a result, little is known about population exposure to changes in weather and how people experience and evaluate these changes considered together. Here we show that in the United States from 1974 to 2013, the weather conditions experienced by the vast majority of the population improved. Using previous research on how weather affects local population growth to develop an index of people's weather preferences, we find that 80% of Americans live in counties that are experiencing more pleasant weather than they did four decades ago. Virtually all Americans are now experiencing the much milder winters that they typically prefer, and these mild winters have not been offset by markedly more uncomfortable summers or other negative changes. Climate change models predict that this trend is temporary, however, because US summers will eventually warm more than winters. Under a scenario in which greenhouse gas emissions proceed at an unabated rate (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5), we estimate that 88% of the US public will experience weather at the end of the century that is less preferable than weather in the recent past. Our results have implications for the public's understanding of the climate change problem, which is shaped in part by experiences with local weather. Whereas weather patterns in recent decades have served as a poor source of motivation for Americans to demand a policy response to climate change, public concern may rise once people's everyday experiences of climate change effects start to become less pleasant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, Patrick J -- Mullin, Megan -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):357-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27127821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; *Forecasting ; Global Warming/statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect/statistics & numerical data ; Humidity ; Motivation ; *Public Opinion ; Rain ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; United States ; *Weather
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  • 53
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenstein, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):S20-1. doi: 10.1038/533S20a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Financing, Government/economics/statistics & numerical data ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Inventions/economics ; Investments/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Patents as Topic ; Research/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Research Support as Topic/economics/statistics & numerical data ; United States
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):283. doi: 10.1038/532283a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Environmental Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Global Warming/*legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; Human Activities/legislation & jurisprudence ; *International Cooperation ; Islands ; Paris ; *Politics ; *Temperature ; United States
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  • 55
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):140. doi: 10.1038/531140a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution/methods ; Dual Use Research/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research/ethics ; *Genetic Engineering/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics/ethics/trends ; Germ-Line Mutation/ethics/genetics ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Public Opinion ; Risk Assessment ; *Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 56
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):268-70. doi: 10.1038/530268a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Carnivory/physiology ; Coral Reefs ; Food Chain ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; *Models, Biological ; Oxygen/analysis/*metabolism ; Predatory Behavior/*physiology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: Accurate modelling and prediction of the local to continental-scale hydroclimate response to global warming is essential given the strong impact of hydroclimate on ecosystem functioning, crop yields, water resources, and economic security. However, uncertainty in hydroclimate projections remains large, in part due to the short length of instrumental measurements available with which to assess climate models. Here we present a spatial reconstruction of hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries across the Northern Hemisphere derived from a network of 196 at least millennium-long proxy records. We use this reconstruction to place recent hydrological changes and future precipitation scenarios in a long-term context of spatially resolved and temporally persistent hydroclimate patterns. We find a larger percentage of land area with relatively wetter conditions in the ninth to eleventh and the twentieth centuries, whereas drier conditions are more widespread between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries. Our reconstruction reveals that prominent seesaw patterns of alternating moisture regimes observed in instrumental data across the Mediterranean, western USA, and China have operated consistently over the past twelve centuries. Using an updated compilation of 128 temperature proxy records, we assess the relationship between the reconstructed centennial-scale Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate and temperature variability. Even though dry and wet conditions occurred over extensive areas under both warm and cold climate regimes, a statistically significant co-variability of hydroclimate and temperature is evident for particular regions. We compare the reconstructed hydroclimate anomalies with coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model simulations and find reasonable agreement during pre-industrial times. However, the intensification of the twentieth-century-mean hydroclimate anomalies in the simulations, as compared to previous centuries, is not supported by our new multi-proxy reconstruction. This finding suggests that much work remains before we can model hydroclimate variability accurately, and highlights the importance of using palaeoclimate data to place recent and predicted hydroclimate changes in a millennium-long context.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier -- Krusic, Paul J -- Sundqvist, Hanna S -- Zorita, Eduardo -- Brattstrom, Gudrun -- Frank, David -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of History, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Centre for Medieval Studies, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Navarino Environmental Observatory, GR-24001 Messinia, Greece. ; Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute for Coastal Research, DE-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. ; Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; China ; *Climate ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Geographic Mapping ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Medieval ; Hydrology ; Ice/analysis ; Mediterranean Region ; Models, Theoretical ; *Rain ; Soil/chemistry ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Temperature ; Trees/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Uncertainty ; United States
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: Cellular immunity against viral infection and tumour cells depends on antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Intracellular antigenic peptides are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and then loaded onto the nascent MHC I molecules, which are exported to the cell surface and present peptides to the immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize non-self peptides and program the infected or malignant cells for apoptosis. Defects in TAP account for immunodeficiency and tumour development. To escape immune surveillance, some viruses have evolved strategies either to downregulate TAP expression or directly inhibit TAP activity. So far, neither the architecture of TAP nor the mechanism of viral inhibition has been elucidated at the structural level. Here we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human TAP in complex with its inhibitor ICP47, a small protein produced by the herpes simplex virus I. Here we show that the 12 transmembrane helices and 2 cytosolic nucleotide-binding domains of the transporter adopt an inward-facing conformation with the two nucleotide-binding domains separated. The viral inhibitor ICP47 forms a long helical hairpin, which plugs the translocation pathway of TAP from the cytoplasmic side. Association of ICP47 precludes substrate binding and prevents nucleotide-binding domain closure necessary for ATP hydrolysis. This work illustrates a striking example of immune evasion by persistent viruses. By blocking viral antigens from entering the endoplasmic reticulum, herpes simplex virus is hidden from cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which may contribute to establishing a lifelong infection in the host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oldham, Michael L -- Hite, Richard K -- Steffen, Alanna M -- Damko, Ermelinda -- Li, Zongli -- Walz, Thomas -- Chen, Jue -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):537-40. doi: 10.1038/nature16506. Epub 2016 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/immunology/metabolism ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Immediate-Early Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Immune Evasion ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 59
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winston, Patrick Henry -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):282. doi: 10.1038/530282a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He was a graduate student of Marvin Minsky's in the 1960s, and thereafter an admiring friend and colleague.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence/*history ; Child ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal/history ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Robotics/history ; Software/history ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):17. doi: 10.1038/532017a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aircraft ; Arctic Regions ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation/*methods ; Geographic Mapping ; Ice Cover ; Satellite Communications ; *Snow ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Water Supply/*statistics & numerical data
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: Intracellular aggregation of the human amyloid protein alpha-synuclein is causally linked to Parkinson's disease. While the isolated protein is intrinsically disordered, its native structure in mammalian cells is not known. Here we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to derive atomic-resolution insights into the structure and dynamics of alpha-synuclein in different mammalian cell types. We show that the disordered nature of monomeric alpha-synuclein is stably preserved in non-neuronal and neuronal cells. Under physiological cell conditions, alpha-synuclein is amino-terminally acetylated and adopts conformations that are more compact than when in buffer, with residues of the aggregation-prone non-amyloid-beta component (NAC) region shielded from exposure to the cytoplasm, which presumably counteracts spontaneous aggregation. These results establish that different types of crowded intracellular environments do not inherently promote alpha-synuclein oligomerization and, more generally, that intrinsic structural disorder is sustainable in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Theillet, Francois-Xavier -- Binolfi, Andres -- Bekei, Beata -- Martorana, Andrea -- Rose, Honor May -- Stuiver, Marchel -- Verzini, Silvia -- Lorenz, Dorothea -- van Rossum, Marleen -- Goldfarb, Daniella -- Selenko, Philipp -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):45-50. doi: 10.1038/nature16531. Epub 2016 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rossle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rossle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26808899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/chemistry/metabolism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; alpha-Synuclein/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):152. doi: 10.1038/531152a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Ecology/*methods ; *Plants ; Research ; *Seed Bank ; Seeds/*growth & development ; United States
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2016-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):142. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Extrachromosomal Inheritance/genetics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Therapy/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; Great Britain ; Haplorhini/genetics ; Heredity/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/adverse effects/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/*methods ; Mutation/genetics ; *Patient Safety ; Sex Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):560. doi: 10.1038/531560a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*drug effects/physiology/*psychology ; Child ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Decision Making ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Puberty/*drug effects/*physiology/psychology ; Time Factors ; Transgender Persons/*psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kogleck, Larissa -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):S102-3. doi: 10.1038/531S102a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Cooperative Behavior ; Great Britain ; Italy ; Japan ; Journal Impact Factor ; Research/economics/*organization & administration/standards/*statistics & ; numerical data ; Switzerland ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):253. doi: 10.1038/530253a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aircraft/*instrumentation/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Global Warming/*legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; Internationality ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):6. doi: 10.1038/530006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Environmental Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Politics ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuzma, Jennifer -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):165-7. doi: 10.1038/531165a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetic Engineering and Society Center at North Carolina State University, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Dissent and Disputes ; Genetic Engineering/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Policy Making ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waltz, Emily -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):293. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19754.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agaricus/enzymology/*genetics ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; Catechol Oxidase/genetics/metabolism ; Crops, Agricultural/economics/enzymology/genetics ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Engineering/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Patents as Topic ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, Alyssa -- Baldwin, Thomas O -- Antin, Parker B -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):177. doi: 10.1038/532177d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ; University of California, Riverside, USA. ; University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; *Learning ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic/genetics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research/*standards ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wapner, Jessica -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):S13-5. doi: 10.1038/533S13a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Industry/*economics ; Inventions/*economics ; Licensure/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/*economics ; *Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/*economics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowogrodzki, Anna -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):561. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks/*economics/trends ; Climate Change ; Financing, Government/*economics/trends ; Financing, Organized/economics ; Museums ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/trends ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/trends
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):414. doi: 10.1038/532414a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics/manpower/*organization & administration/*trends ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Research Personnel/organization & administration ; United States
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):13-4. doi: 10.1038/532013a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence/psychology ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fear ; Internationality ; Islam/*psychology ; *Politics ; Research Personnel/*psychology ; Science/*manpower/standards ; *Uncertainty ; United States
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):158-9. doi: 10.1038/532158a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Genetic Engineering/*legislation & jurisprudence/*trends ; *Government Regulation ; Internationality ; Plant Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 76
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):149. doi: 10.1038/531149a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; Europe ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savage, Neil -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 11;533(7602):S56-8. doi: 10.1038/533S56a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Competitive Behavior ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Drug Discovery/economics/manpower/*methods/*organization & administration ; Drug Industry/economics/manpower/*methods/*organization & administration ; *Efficiency, Organizational ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 78
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savage, Neil -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):S10-2. doi: 10.1038/533S10a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27144602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Science Disciplines/economics ; Entrepreneurship/*economics/*organization & administration/statistics & numerical ; data/trends ; Europe ; Humans ; Inventions/economics/statistics & numerical data ; Investments/economics ; Laboratories/economics/organization & administration ; Licensure/economics ; Marketing/economics ; Patents as Topic ; Private Sector/economics/organization & administration/statistics & numerical ; data/trends ; Research/*economics/organization & administration ; Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/economics/organization & administration ; Vaccines/economics
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez-Palacios, Jose Maria -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):42-3. doi: 10.1038/nature17880. Epub 2016 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Publica de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change/*history ; *Islands
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2016-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Monya -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):141. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*standards ; *Biotechnology ; Drug Industry ; *Open Access Publishing ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Uncertainty ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macilwain, Colin -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):277. doi: 10.1038/531277a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Democracy ; Europe ; *Politics ; *Research Personnel/psychology ; Social Change ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Henry F -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):22. doi: 10.1038/517022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. He was a colleague of Paul Schleyer's for 24 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adamantane/analogs & derivatives/chemical synthesis ; Chemistry/*history ; Dipeptides/chemical synthesis ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; Memantine/chemical synthesis ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2015-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):488-9. doi: 10.1038/526488a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26490598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Cuba ; Gulf of Mexico ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Mexico ; *Sharks ; United States
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanne, Amy E -- Tank, David C -- Cornwell, William K -- Eastman, Jonathan M -- Smith, Stephen A -- FitzJohn, Richard G -- McGlinn, Daniel J -- O'Meara, Brian C -- Moles, Angela T -- Reich, Peter B -- Royer, Dana L -- Soltis, Douglas E -- Stevens, Peter F -- Westoby, Mark -- Wright, Ian J -- Aarssen, Lonnie -- Bertin, Robert I -- Calaminus, Andre -- Govaerts, Rafael -- Hemmings, Frank -- Leishman, Michelle R -- Oleksyn, Jacek -- Soltis, Pamela S -- Swenson, Nathan G -- Warman, Laura -- Beaulieu, Jeremy M -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):E6-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA. [2] Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. [2] Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. ; 1] Department of Ecological Sciences, Systems Ecology, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [2] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; 1] Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada. [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. ; Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [3] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ; Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, 62-035 Kornik, Poland. ; 1] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; 1] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. [2] Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. ; National Institute for Mathematical &Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Freezing ; Xylem/*anatomy & histology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):13-4. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*economics/*supply & distribution ; China ; Environmental Policy/*economics/*trends ; *International Cooperation ; Renewable Energy/statistics & numerical data ; United Nations ; United States
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  • 86
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macilwain, Colin -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):277. doi: 10.1038/527277a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Faculty/standards ; *Freedom ; Germany ; Great Britain ; Scotland ; Students ; United States ; Universities/legislation & jurisprudence/*manpower/*organization & administration
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  • 87
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):510-1. doi: 10.1038/523510a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26223603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aircraft ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Climate Change ; *Expeditions ; *Geography ; Greenland ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Research ; Seawater/chemistry ; Ships ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Water/*analysis/chemistry
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  • 88
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):283-4. doi: 10.1038/527283a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Cryptochromes/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; *Earth (Planet) ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Magnetic Fields ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Spatial Navigation/*physiology ; Whales/physiology
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  • 89
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zastrow, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):256-7. doi: 10.1038/517256a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; *Earth (Planet) ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation ; Environmental Pollution/analysis ; Extraterrestrial Environment/chemistry ; Models, Theoretical ; Politics ; Seasons ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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  • 90
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Boer -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):16. doi: 10.1038/523016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26135427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Botany/economics/*trends ; United States
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  • 91
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 23;520(7548):420. doi: 10.1038/520420a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25903606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*manpower ; Exobiology/*manpower ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Meteorology/*manpower ; Planets ; Research/*manpower/*organization & administration ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/organization & ; administration
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  • 92
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 23;520(7548):407. doi: 10.1038/520407a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25903589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Budgets ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)/organization & administration ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Europe ; Government Agencies/*economics/*organization & administration ; Health Manpower/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Internationality ; *Public Health/economics/manpower/trends ; United States
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  • 93
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourzac, Katherine -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):S8-9. doi: 10.1038/527S8a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy/genetics ; Awards and Prizes ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Data Mining/economics/methods ; Datasets as Topic ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Bo -- Davis, Wayne S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):446. doi: 10.1038/527446f.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Information Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China. ; EPA, Washington DC, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; China ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Internet/utilization ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Boer -- Monastersky, Richard -- Morello, Lauren -- Reardon, Sara -- Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):13-5. doi: 10.1038/518013a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; Budgets/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)/economics ; Environmental Policy/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Science/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/economics/organization & administration ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/economics ; United States Food and Drug Administration/economics/organization & ; administration ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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  • 96
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimmel, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):291. doi: 10.1038/521291a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida, and La Jolla, California. He was a colleague of Alexander Rich at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge from 1967 onwards.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/history ; Collagen/chemistry/history ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Z-Form/chemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptides/chemistry/history ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; RNA/chemistry/history ; United States
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane receptors in eukaryotes. Crystal structures have provided insight into GPCR interactions with ligands and G proteins, but our understanding of the conformational dynamics of activation is incomplete. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are dimeric class C GPCRs that modulate neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and serve as drug targets for neurological disorders. A 'clamshell' ligand-binding domain (LBD), which contains the ligand-binding site, is coupled to the transmembrane domain via a cysteine-rich domain, and LBD closure seems to be the first step in activation. Crystal structures of isolated mGluR LBD dimers led to the suggestion that activation also involves a reorientation of the dimer interface from a 'relaxed' to an 'active' state, but the relationship between ligand binding, LBD closure and dimer interface rearrangement in activation remains unclear. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to probe the activation mechanism of full-length mammalian group II mGluRs. We show that the LBDs interconvert between three conformations: resting, activated and a short-lived intermediate state. Orthosteric agonists induce transitions between these conformational states, with efficacy determined by occupancy of the active conformation. Unlike mGluR2, mGluR3 displays basal dynamics, which are Ca(2+)-dependent and lead to basal protein activation. Our results support a general mechanism for the activation of mGluRs in which agonist binding induces closure of the LBDs, followed by dimer interface reorientation. Our experimental strategy should be widely applicable to study conformational dynamics in GPCRs and other membrane proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597782/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597782/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vafabakhsh, Reza -- Levitz, Joshua -- Isacoff, Ehud Y -- 2PN2EY018241/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- PN2 EY018241/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):497-501. doi: 10.1038/nature14679. Epub 2015 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Drug Partial Agonism ; *Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/*chemistry/*classification/genetics/metabolism
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The plant hormone jasmonate plays crucial roles in regulating plant responses to herbivorous insects and microbial pathogens and is an important regulator of plant growth and development. Key mediators of jasmonate signalling include MYC transcription factors, which are repressed by jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) transcriptional repressors in the resting state. In the presence of active jasmonate, JAZ proteins function as jasmonate co-receptors by forming a hormone-dependent complex with COI1, the F-box subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase. The hormone-dependent formation of the COI1-JAZ co-receptor complex leads to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of JAZ repressors and release of MYC proteins from transcriptional repression. The mechanism by which JAZ proteins repress MYC transcription factors and how JAZ proteins switch between the repressor function in the absence of hormone and the co-receptor function in the presence of hormone remain enigmatic. Here we show that Arabidopsis MYC3 undergoes pronounced conformational changes when bound to the conserved Jas motif of the JAZ9 repressor. The Jas motif, previously shown to bind to hormone as a partly unwound helix, forms a complete alpha-helix that displaces the amino (N)-terminal helix of MYC3 and becomes an integral part of the MYC N-terminal fold. In this position, the Jas helix competitively inhibits MYC3 interaction with the MED25 subunit of the transcriptional Mediator complex. Our structural and functional studies elucidate a dynamic molecular switch mechanism that governs the repression and activation of a major plant hormone pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4567411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Feng -- Yao, Jian -- Ke, Jiyuan -- Zhang, Li -- Lam, Vinh Q -- Xin, Xiu-Fang -- Zhou, X Edward -- Chen, Jian -- Brunzelle, Joseph -- Griffin, Patrick R -- Zhou, Mingguo -- Xu, H Eric -- Melcher, Karsten -- He, Sheng Yang -- R01 AI068718/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102545/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI060761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 10;525(7568):269-73. doi: 10.1038/nature14661. Epub 2015 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA. ; DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA. ; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA. ; Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Arabidopsis/chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding, Competitive/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oxylipins/*metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 99
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gould, Julie -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(7555):245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26065302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; *Career Mobility ; Chile ; China ; Efficiency ; Emigrants and Immigrants/*statistics & numerical data ; Emigration and Immigration/*statistics & numerical data ; Europe ; *Internationality ; Research Personnel/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Li -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):135. doi: 10.1038/527135a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; China ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; Crime/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Elephants ; Endangered Species/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Horns/*chemistry ; United States
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