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  • 1
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    Broad-band seismic studies in Southern Africa (1995)
    South African ICSU Secretariat
    In:  Dordrecht, 616 pp., South African ICSU Secretariat, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-7923-5686-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismology ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Broad-band ; AnisotropyS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    An isostatic study of the Karoo basin and underlying lithosphere in 3-D (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: A 3-D density model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Karoo basin is presented here. The model is constrained using potential field, borehole and seismic data. Uplift of the basin by the end of the Cretaceous has resulted in an unusually high plateau (〉1000 m) covering a large portion of South Africa. Isostatic studies show the topography is largely compensated by changes in Moho depths (~35 km on-craton and 〉45 km off-craton) and changes in lithospheric mantle densities between the Kaapvaal Craton and surrounding regions (~50 kg m –3 increase from on- to off-craton). This density contrast is determined by inverted satellite gravity and gravity gradient data. The highest topography along the edge of the plateau (〉1200 m) and a strong Bouguer gravity low over Lesotho, however, can only be explained by a buoyant asthenosphere with a density decrease of around 40 kg m –3 .
    Keywords: Gravity, Geodesy and Tides
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
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    Diamonds sampled by plumes from the core-mantle boundary (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: Diamonds are formed under high pressure more than 150 kilometres deep in the Earth's mantle and are brought to the surface mainly by volcanic rocks called kimberlites. Several thousand kimberlites have been mapped on various scales, but it is the distribution of kimberlites in the very old cratons (stable areas of the continental lithosphere that are more than 2.5 billion years old and 300 kilometres thick or more) that have generated the most interest, because kimberlites from those areas are the major carriers of economically viable diamond resources. Kimberlites, which are themselves derived from depths of more than 150 kilometres, provide invaluable information on the composition of the deep subcontinental mantle lithosphere, and on melting and metasomatic processes at or near the interface with the underlying flowing mantle. Here we use plate reconstructions and tomographic images to show that the edges of the largest heterogeneities in the deepest mantle, stable for at least 200 million years and possibly for 540 million years, seem to have controlled the eruption of most Phanerozoic kimberlites. We infer that future exploration for kimberlites and their included diamonds should therefore be concentrated in continents with old cratons that once overlay these plume-generation zones at the core-mantle boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torsvik, Trond H -- Burke, Kevin -- Steinberger, Bernhard -- Webb, Susan J -- Ashwal, Lewis D -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):352-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09216.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics of Geological Processes and Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. trond.torsvik@ngu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    NEW DEPTH MAPS OF THE MAIN KAROO BASIN, USED TO EXPLORE THE CAPE ISOSTATIC ANOMALY, SOUTH AFRICA (2015)
    Geological Society of South Africa (GSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: Here we present a comprehensive depth and thickness map of the main Karoo and Cape Basins using borehole and reflection seismic data. The depth to the Whitehill Formation, which is the focus of current shale gas interest within the Karoo, is also mapped. Change: The deepest part of the basin is in the south, along the northern boundary of the Cape Fold Belt (~4000 m in the southwest Karoo and ~5000 m in the southeast; ~5500 to 6000 m sediment thickness). The Whitehill Formation along this boundary reaches a depth of ~3000 m in the southwest and ~4000 m in the southeast. Limited borehole data in the southeastern Karoo show a broad deepening of the basin here compared to the southwestern Karoo. In the southeast near East London faulting has resulted in deepening of the basin close to the coast, with the Whitehill Formation deepening to over ~5000 km. Seismic and borehole data show that the Cape Supergroup pinches out below the Karoo Basin around Beaufort West and Graaff-Reinet in the southern Karoo (32.6°S for the Bokkeveld and 32.4°S for the Table Mountain Group). The Cape Supergroup reaches thicknesses of around 4 km in the south. The gravity effect of these sediments does not account for the Cape Isostatic Anomaly (CIA) in the southern part of the Karoo Basin near Willowmore and Steytlerville, i.e., an ~45 mGal Bouguer gravity low. A refraction seismic profile over the anomaly shows this region is associated with a large volume of low velocity/density shallow sediments (4.5 m/s 2 , 2500 kg/m 3 ), as well as a low velocity/density anomaly associated with a normal fault and the Klein Winterhoek Thrust Fault (5.5 m/s 2 , 2650 kg/m 3 ). These low density shallow sediments are explained by uplift of Karoo and Cape sediments of ~2 km or greater that is evident on Soekor reflection seismic data. This deformation has brought lower density shales (1800 to 2650 kg/m 3 ) of the Ecca Group closer to the surface. These shallower features along with a deeper lower crust in this region (6.5 m/s 2 , 2900 kg/m 3 ) are interpreted to account for the CIA.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of South Africa (GSSA)
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  • 5
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    Conformational photoswitching of a synthetic peptide foldamer bound within a phospholipid bilayer (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: The dynamic properties of foldamers, synthetic molecules that mimic folded biomolecules, have mainly been explored in free solution. We report on the design, synthesis, and conformational behavior of photoresponsive foldamers bound in a phospholipid bilayer akin to a biological membrane phase. These molecules contain a chromophore, which can be switched between two configurations by different wavelengths of light, attached to a helical synthetic peptide that both promotes membrane insertion and communicates conformational change along its length. Light-induced structural changes in the chromophore are translated into global conformational changes, which are detected by monitoring the solid-state (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance signals of a remote fluorine-containing residue located 1 to 2 nanometers away. The behavior of the foldamers in the membrane phase is similar to that of analogous compounds in organic solvents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Poli, Matteo -- Zawodny, Wojciech -- Quinonero, Ophelie -- Lorch, Mark -- Webb, Simon J -- Clayden, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):575-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8352. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK. j.clayden@bristol.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Light ; Lipid Bilayers/*chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Peptides/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Phosphatidylcholines/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Phospholipids/*chemistry/radiation effects ; Photochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines (2018)
    OHanlon, S. J., Rieux, A., Farrer, R. A., Rosa, G. M., Waldman, B., Bataille, A., Kosch, T. A., Murray, K. A., Brankovics, B., Fumagalli, M., Martin, M. D., Wales, N., Alvarado-Rybak, M., Bates, K. A., Berger, L., Böll, S., Brookes, L., Clare, F., Courtois, E. A., Cunningham, A. A., Doherty-Bone, T. M., Ghosh, P., Gower, D. J., Hintz, W. E., Höglund, J., Jenkinson, T. S., Lin, C.-F., Laurila, A., Loyau, A., Martel, A., Meurling, S., Miaud, C., Minting, P., Pasmans, F., Schmeller, D. S., Schmidt, B. R., Shelton, J. M. G., Skerratt, L. F., Smith, F., Soto-Azat, C., Spagnoletti, M., Tessa, G., Toledo, L. F., Valenzuela-Sanchez, A., Verster, R., Vörös, J., Webb, R. J., Wierzbicki, C., Wombwell, E., Zamudio, K. R., Aanensen, D. M., James, T. Y., Gilbert, M. T. P., Weldon, C., Bosch, J., Balloux, F., Garner, T. W. J., Fisher, M. C.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
    Description: Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, Bd ASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.
    Keywords: Epidemiology, Genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Lithospheric structure of an Archean craton and adjacent mobile belt revealed from 2D and 3D inversion of magnetotelluric data: example from southern Congo craton in northern Namibia (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-26
    Description: [1]  Archean cratons, and the stitching Proterozoic orogenic belts on their flanks, form an integral part of the Southern Africa tectonic landscape. Of these, virtually nothing is known of the position and thickness of the southern boundary of the composite Congo craton and the Neoproterozoic Pan African orogenic belt due to thick sedimentary cover. We present the first lithospheric-scale geophysical study of that cryptic boundary and define its geometry at depth. Our results are derived from two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion of magnetotelluric data acquired along four semi-parallel profiles crossing the Kalahari craton across the Damara-Ghanzi-Chobe belts (DGC) and extending into the Congo craton. Two dimensional and three-dimensional electrical resistivity models show significant lateral variation in the crust and upper mantle across strike from the younger DGC orogen to the older adjacent cratons. We find Damara belt lithosphere to be more conductive and significantly thinner than that of the adjacent Congo craton. The Congo craton is characterized by very thick (to depths of 250 km) and resistive (i.e. cold) lithosphere. Resistive upper crustal features are interpreted as caused by igneous intrusions emplaced during Pan-African magmatism. Graphite-bearing calcite marbles and sulfides are widespread in the Damara belt and account for the high crustal conductivity in the Central Zone. The resistivity models provide new constraints on the southern extent of the greater Congo craton, and suggest that the current boundary drawn on geological maps needs revision and that the craton should be extended further south.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Cytochromes P450 by DHEA and Its Anticarcinogenic Action (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 774 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rp10.1196-annals.1402.auindex_1
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible Role for Water and Inositol in the Structure of Nucleoproteins (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 785-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At 30 per cent relative humidity bacterial cells are rapidly killed by 3000-4000 A ultra-violet light4. It was considered, therefore, that if relative humidity affected the lethal action of this light on Rous sarcoma virus, any change in lethality should be prevented by inositol if inositol and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198785a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloramphenicol and the Survival of Airborne Bacteria (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 1072-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cells from each of a 24-hr. broth culture of Staphylococcus albus, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli were harvested by centrifugation, washed once and resuspended in distilled water. These suspensions were then aerosolized, by means of a Collison spray1 into a stainless-steel rotating drum2 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1831072a0
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