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  • Angiosperms
  • Springer  (15)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
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  • Springer  (15)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Asarum ; Dioscorea ; Angiosperms ; Evolution ; Legumins ; Seed proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of legumin-encoding cDNAs fromDioscorea caucasica Lipsky (Dioscoreaceae) and fromAsarum europaeum L. (Aristolochiaceae) shows that there is an especially methionine-rich legumin subfamily present in the lower angiosperm clades including the Monocotyledoneae. It is characterized by a methionine content of 3–4 mol% which is roughly triple the methionine proportion of most other legumins. These “MetR” legumins, if present, still have to be detected in the higher angiosperms including the important seed crops. Evolutionary analysis suggests that the MetR legumins are the result of a gene duplication allowing the differentiation of legumin genes according to their sulfur content. The duplication event must have taken place before the split into mono- and dicotyledonous plants but probably after the separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsNicotiana tabacum ; Male germ unit ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sperm isolation ; Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sperm cells are released from pollen tubes of tobacco as linked cells, associated with the vegetative nucleus in an assemblage known as the male germ unit (MGU). Using light microscopy, the MGU assemblage appears to be ensheathed by cytoplasmic material of the pollen tube, which may stabilize their association. Following their release, the shape of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus changes from an ellipsoidal to a more spheroidal morphology. When most of the cytoplasmic material is dispersed, a boundary remains around the two sperm cells. Using scanning electron microscopy, the cytoplasmic material surrounding the MGU appears filamentous, sometimes twisted and rope-like. Based on these observations, the function of the MGU of tobacco is discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 196 (1995), S. 227-241 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; gymnosperms ; bryophytes ; Telomeres ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; karyotype evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data for chromosomal localization of theArabidopsis-type of telomeric sequence repeats (TTTAGGG)n are compiled for 44 species belonging to 14 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms and bryophytes. For 23 species and seven families this is the first report. Species of all families, except theAlliaceae, revealed these sequences at their chromosome termini. This indicates thatArabidopsis-type telomeric repeats are highly conserved. It is inferred that they represent the basic telomere sequence of higher plant phyla. In theAlliaceae, a deviating sequence (and mechanism?) for the stabilization of chromosome termini has possibly evolved secondarily. Nine species revealed interstitial telomeric sequences in addition to the terminal ones, in three species (Vicia faba, Pinus elliottii, P. sylvestris) also at centromeric positions. Interstitial telomeric sequences may indicate karyotype reconstructions, in particular alterations of chromosome numbers by chromosome fusion — or inversions with one breakpoint within the terminal array of repeats. They may contribute to stabilization of chromosome breaks, especially centric fissions, and increase the frequency of meiotic and illegitimate recombination.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 59-69 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lemnaceae ; Wolffia ; Allozymes ; genetic divergence ; electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusWolffia was surveyed electrophoretically at 14 allozyme loci. A total of 133 clones representing 10 of the 11 recognized species was examined. Genetic identities among most pairs of species are zero, with non-zero values ranging from 0.14 to 0.40.Wolffia angusta and the newly describedW. neglecta show the highest similarity, and the former species has an identity of 0.14 withW. australiana. The next highest similarity (0.34) occurs betweenW. globosa of Southeast Asia andW. cylindracea of southern Africa, which until recently, had generally been viewed as members of the same species. Other species showing some common alleles are members of a complex involvingW. arrhiza, W. columbiana, W. cylindracea, andW. globosa. WithinW. arrhiza, plants from South Africa and Europe are easily distinguished electrophoretically because each contains unique alleles at two loci. Strains from other parts of Africa vary at these loci and are not totally distinct from either the plants from South Africa or from Europe. Species ofWolffia are much more divergent at allozyme loci than the majority of congeners of flowering plants. This suggests that the species are quite old and that the difficulties in distinguishing taxa morphologically are the result of reduction rather than lack of divergence due to recent speciation. Because of the lack of shared alleles between the majority of species pairs inWolffia, enzyme electrophoresis provides limited resolution of species relationships in the genus.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 199 (1996), S. 121-152 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leaf development ; organismal approach ; blastozone ; organogenetic competence ; primary morphogenesis ; marginal meristems ; topography ; eumeristem ; cytohistological gradients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new term — the “blastozone” — is proposed to designate regions of the shoot competent for organogenesis. It is argued that the notion of “marginal meristems” is based on the cell theory and thus may not be appropriate to elucidate the process of organ formation. For instance, with respect to the occurrence of initials and of an elevated cell division rate marginal meristems have been shown to be doubtful structures. Furthermore, organogenetic competent regions form only parts of the meristems of the shoot. The study of blastozones from an organismic perspective reveals primary morphogenetic events such as initiation, incorporation, and fusion processes. Loss of morphogenetic competence is associated with histogenetic events, e.g., trichome outgrowth, and indicates the onset of processes leading to maturation. The marginal blastozone of the leaf is then used up although meristem features continue to be expressed. A series of SEM studies in several genera exemplifies the proposed viewpoint, demonstrating some of the morphogenetic potentialities of angiosperm leaf marginal blastozones.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 198 (1995), S. 235-252 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Pollen ; pollen colour ; pollen signal ; spectral reflection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spectral reflection of pollen in 67 plant species out of 28 families was measured by means of mass recording of pollen grains. Various types of spectral reflection curves were found, but 75% belonged to two categories: 1. Human-yellow pollen with strong reflection in the green and red, and low reflection in the ultraviolet and blue range of wavelengths. 2. Human-whitish pollen with strong reflection in the green and red and additional reflection of shorter wavelengths. It is shown that it is important to have information about the mode of the visual pollen display — crypsis or colour contrast against the corolla, pollen advertisement, or concealment — and the visual capabilities of the presumed pollinators in order to be able to discuss the signalling function of pollen colours.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 217 (1999), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Caesalpinia ; Angiosperms ; bee-pollination ; andromonoecy ; late-acting self-incompatibility ; fruiting success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pollination biology, breeding system and fruiting success ofCaesalpinia calycina andC. pluviosa var.sanfranciscana were studied in caatinga vegetation in Bahia, NE Brazil. The principal pollinators for both species were carpenter bees.Caesalpinia calycina is andromonoecious but inC. pluviosa all flowers are hermaphrodite. InC. calycina all selfed flowers were abscised within 72 h despite rapid self-pollen tube growth to the ovary and ovule penetration. Prevention of selfing therefore seems to be controlled by a post-zygotic mechanism. Both species had very low fruit-set and it is suggested that this is at least in part due to geitonogamous pollinations with ovule penetration by self pollen tubes.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Pollen tube ; Embryo sac ; Gametes ; Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Since its discovery at the end of the last century, double fertilization remains of central interest in plant reproductive biology research. Although the sequence of events leading to fertilization is well known from cytological studies, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This now seems feasible by the diversification and refinement of recently developed technologies presented in this review. The progress made during the last five years in understanding pollen tube guidance, discharge into the embryo sac, and gametic fusion are described. Future directions are also discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 198 (1995), S. 253-265 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Lactuceae ; Microseris ; Chloroplast DNA ; Nuclear ribosomal DNA ; hybridization ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventy populations of North American annualMicroseris, Stebbinsoseris, andUropappus species were examined for chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA restriction site variability to determine the origin of the allotetraploid speciesS. heterocarpa andS. decipiens. Previously identified chloroplast DNA restriction site variants were used in concert with restriction site variation forNco I in the nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA repeat. The presence of two, mutually exclusive restriction site gains were observed in diploid populations ofM. douglasii; these same variants were also found in populations of allotetraploidS. heterocarpa, indicating mutiple origins of this species from different maternal diploid populations ofM. douglasii. Variation in the rDNA repeat between the diploid annual species and the putative paternal genome ofU. lindleyi was found to be additive inS. heterocarpa. A similar relationship was observed for the origin ofS. decipiens; cpDNA restriction site variants found inM. bigelovii andM. douglasii were present inS. decipiens. The rDNANco I variants also were additive in this purported allotetraploid. These results confirm the reticulate evolutionary pattern inStebbinsoseris and provide another example of multiple origins of intergeneric allopolyploids.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 207 (1997), S. 13-42 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliidae ; Chloranthaceae ; Chloranthistemon ; Palaeobotany ; Cretaceous fossils ; floral evolution ; flower morphology ; pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract New chloranthaceous floral structures from the Late Cretaceous (Late Santonian/Early Campanian) of Scania, southern Sweden, have provided important new information on theChloranthistemon plants. The material includes well preserved fragments of inflorescence axes with flowers in situ documenting thatChloranthistemon flowers were bisexual and closely resembled those of extantChloranthus (Chloranthaceae). An emended diagnosis is given for the type species of the genus,Chloranthistemon endressii, and a new species,C. alatus, is described. The flowers ofChloranthistemon are small, perianthless and strongly zygomorphic, consisting of a tripartite and broadened androecium borne in an abaxial to lateral position on the monocarpellate ovary, and arranged in the axils of decussate bracts. Stamens are either completely free (C. alatus), or free at the base and coherent at the apex (C. endressii). The apical connective is extensive in both species; elaborated into conspicuous wing-like structures inC. alatus, or into a massive and shield-like structure inC. endressii. Pollen grains ofC. endressii are spheroidal, and reticulate and spiraperturate, while those ofC. alatus are ellipsoidal, tectate and foveolate with a unique combination of a distal colpus and a proximal furrow (colpus?) perpendicular to each other. Ovaries observed in well preserved flowers of both species are small and undifferentiated. Larger, dispersed fruits of chloranthaceous affinity are abundant and distinct, and probably represent at least two or three species, but cannot be linked with certainty to any of theChloranthistemon species described here.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 214 (1999), S. 161-186 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Rubiaceae ; Rubioideae ; Angiosperms ; cladistics ; DNA sequences ; phylogeny ; rps16 intron ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogeny of the subfamilyRubioideae (Rubiaceae) was estimated from sequence variation in therps16 intron (cpDNA) in 143 ingroup and 5 outgroup taxa. The analysis largely confirms a recent one based onrbcL sequences, but branch support is often much stronger. Three of the traditional subfamilies are supported,Rubioideae, Cinchonoideae s. str., andIxoroideae s. l. while there is no support forAntirheoideae. TheRubioideae are the sister group of all otherRubiaceae and comprise the tribesAnthospermeae, Coccocypseleae, Cruckshanksieae, Coussareeae, Gaertnereae, Hedyotideae, Knoxieae, Morindeae, Ophiorrhizeae, Paederieae, Pauridiantheae, Perameae, Psychotrieae, Rubieae, Spermacoceae, Theligoneae, andUrophylleae. TheHamelieae andHillieae belong to theCinchonoideae. Rachicallis andSiemensia should be transferred from theHedyotideae to theCinchonoideae. ThePauridiantheae, Urophylleae, Ophiorrhizeae, andRaritebe form the basalmost subclade of theRubioideae. The second basalmost clade consists of the generaLasianthus andPerama. The third basalmost clade consists of the tribesCoussareeae, Coccocypseleae andCruckshanksieae, and the generaDeclieuxia andHindsia. The tribesKnoxieae, Anthospermeae, Argostemmateae, Paederieae, Theligoneae, Rubieae, Hedyotideae, andSpermacoceae are members of one clade. TheKnoxieae are monophyletic ifOtiophora, Otomeria, andPentas are included. The tribeAnthospermeae is supported as monophyletic, but its subtribes are not. ThePaederieae, together withTheligonum, form a paraphyletic grade basal to theRubieae. TheHedyotideae, includingSchismatoclada, form a grade at the base of theSpermacoceae. TheGaertnereae are monophyletic and distinct from thePsychotrieae. TheMorindeae are monophyletic and includeDamnacanthus andMitchella. Schradera is the sister group of theMorindeae. ThePsychotrieae are monophyletic when theGaertnereae, Lasianthus, andDeclieuxia are excluded. The recognition of a subtribeHydnophytineae leaves the rest of thePsychotrieae paraphyletic.Psychotria is paraphyletic with respect to all other genera of the tribe. Approximately 50 genera are here classified for the first time based on molecular data.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Campanulaceae ; Lobelia ; Angiosperms ; in situ hybridization ; karyotype evolution ; rDNA ; telomere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three repeated DNA sequences (rDNA 5S, 18S-5.8S-26S and telomeric repeats) were localised in the genomes ofLobelia brasiliensis andL. imperialis var.kanitzii (subg.Tupa), both with 2n = 28, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results were used to analyse the genomic relationship between the species. With probe pTa71, the karyotypes of these species showed only one NOR site. Probe pTa794, which contains 5S rDNA, demonstrated differences between the species. Telomeric sequences, studied with probe pLT11, were not detected in ectopic sites, but different telomeres showed signals of varying intensity. Based on the results obtained, considerations are made on karyotype evolution inLobelia.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Plant systematics and evolution 216 (1999), S. 265-288 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Illiciaceae ; Illiciospermum ; Liriodendroidea ; Magnoliaceae ; Angiosperms ; Cretaceous ; fossil seeds ; Kazakhstan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cenomanian-Turonian sediments from the Sarbay locality in north-western Kazakhstan have yielded a rich assemblage of plant fossils including well preserved flowers, fruits, and seeds of angiosperms. This work describes fossil seeds assigned to theMagnoliaceae and theIlliciaceae. Three new species of the extinct magnoliaceous genusLiriodendroidea, L. asiatica, L. costata, andL. tenuitesta, are established and new information on the previously described species,L. alata, is provided. TheLiriodendroidea seeds are closely similar to seeds of extantLiriodendron, but are distinguished in being much smaller and winged. A new genus and species,Illiciospermum pusillum, is established based on seeds with close similarity to those of the extant genusIllicium. The seeds are small, anatropous and exotestal with outer epidermis of testa forming a palisade layer. The facets of the palisade cells have deeply undulate anticlinal walls. The micropyle area is seen on the outer integument as a transverse slit placed on a raised strophiole-like structure close to the hilum. TheIlliciospermum seeds represent the first unequivocal record of theIlliciaceae in the Cretaceous. Another seed of possible illiciaceous affinity is described as aff.Illiciospermum sp.
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  • 14
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    Plant systematics and evolution 202 (1996), S. 211-218 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cunoniaceae ; rbcL sequence ; cladistic analysis ; identification ; New Zealand ; Gondwana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the first example of identification of an unknown flowering plant to family level using comparison of DNA sequences. The newly-discovered New Zealand plant had not been identified by traditional methods, but has been placed in the Gondwanic familyCunoniaceae on the basis of the sequence of its chloroplastrbcL gene. It has not flowered, but its vegetative characters are typical of the family. However, it is clearly unusual in several morphological and anatomical features and appears to match no known genus. We consider that, although it probably represents an unnamed new genus, it could possibly be a mutant dwarf form ofWeinmannia racemosa, so it is not prudent to name it at this time.
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  • 15
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    Plant systematics and evolution 200 (1996), S. 125-140 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Colour change ; floral colour phase ; innate flower detection ; colour preference ; pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many angiosperms have arranged their flowers in inflorescences forming a distinct signalling unit to flower visitors. In some species, the flowers of inflorescences undergo a temporal colour change corresponding exactly to a change in the reward status. Based on information obtained from the spectral reflection curves of pre-change and postchage colours of flower corollas and/or floral guides, it was possible to demonstrate that the colour phase associated with reward closely corresponds to the visual stimuli which trigger behavioural responses of inexperienced flower visitors, and that the colour phase associated with less reward corresponds to visual stimuli less attractive to naïve flower visitors. Reciprocal colour changes were not observed. It is to be assumed that the unidirectionality of floral colour changes is an adaptation of angiosperms aimed at the guidance of first-time flower visitors. Signalling reward to inexperienced flower visitors is an additional function of floral colour changes. The main function of floral colour changes, however, is to provide cues with which the flower visitors can learn to associate one colour phase with reward.
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