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  • Female  (843)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (843)
  • 2010-2014  (843)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregersen, Peter K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1087-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 110430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Male ; Monocytes/*immunology ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churcher, Thomas S -- Cohen, Justin M -- Novotny, Joseph -- Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu -- Kunene, Simon -- Cauchemez, Simon -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 GM088491/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1230-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1251449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; National Malaria Control Program, Manzini, Swaziland. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. simon.cauchemez@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Endemic Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Malaria/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Defects in NMJ transmission cause muscle weakness, termed myasthenia. The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations underlie familial limb-girdle myasthenia (DOK7 myasthenia), a neuromuscular disease characterized by small NMJs. Here, we show in a mouse model of DOK7 myasthenia that therapeutic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the human DOK7 gene resulted in an enlargement of NMJs and substantial increases in muscle strength and life span. When applied to model mice of another neuromuscular disorder, autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, DOK7 gene therapy likewise resulted in enlargement of NMJs as well as positive effects on motor activity and life span. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enlarging the NMJ may be useful for a range of neuromuscular disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arimura, Sumimasa -- Okada, Takashi -- Tezuka, Tohru -- Chiyo, Tomoko -- Kasahara, Yuko -- Yoshimura, Toshiro -- Motomura, Masakatsu -- Yoshida, Nobuaki -- Beeson, David -- Takeda, Shin'ichi -- Yamanashi, Yuji -- G0701521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1505-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yyamanas@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/physiopathology ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics/*pathology/*therapy ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1460-1. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; *Patient Advocacy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create T(RM) cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how T(RM) cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated T(RM) cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin T(RM) cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ariotti, Silvia -- Hogenbirk, Marc A -- Dijkgraaf, Feline E -- Visser, Lindy L -- Hoekstra, Mirjam E -- Song, Ji-Ying -- Jacobs, Heinz -- Haanen, John B -- Schumacher, Ton N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):101-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254803. Epub 2014 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.schumacher@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Skin/*immunology/microbiology/virology ; Transcriptome
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Richard S -- R01 NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):48-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1252431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1213-4. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Horses/*genetics/*physiology ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal ; *Running ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):679. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6185.679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards ; Animals ; Biomedical Research/*standards ; Cells ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex Factors ; United States ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):471-2. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crohn Disease/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Keratins/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; Male ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Optic Disk/anatomy & histology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Smoking/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine -- Poirot, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1445-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1252787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR 1037 INSERM-University Toulouse III, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, and Institut Claudius Regaud, 31052 Toulouse, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):292-5. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Longevity ; Male ; Papio/*physiology/*psychology ; Reproduction ; Starvation/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):130-1, 133. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6193.130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Kyasanur Forest Disease/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Male ; Ticks/virology ; Trees
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1200. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1200-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science Careers Columnist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Physicians, Women/*psychology ; *Sexism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1457-9. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Checkpoint Kinase 2/genetics ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Promislow, Daniel E L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- R01 AG031108/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG033598/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102279/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):491-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1250174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; *Reward ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; *Taste Perception
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Comparative genomic analyses have revealed that genes may arise from ancestrally nongenic sequence. However, the origin and spread of these de novo genes within populations remain obscure. We identified 142 segregating and 106 fixed testis-expressed de novo genes in a population sample of Drosophila melanogaster. These genes appear to derive primarily from ancestral intergenic, unexpressed open reading frames, with natural selection playing a significant role in their spread. These results reveal a heretofore unappreciated dynamism of gene content.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391638/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391638/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Li -- Saelao, Perot -- Jones, Corbin D -- Begun, David J -- GM084056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):769-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1248286. Epub 2014 Jan 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24457212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Association Studies ; Male ; Open Reading Frames ; Selection, Genetic ; Testis/metabolism
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Most land animals normally walk forward but switch to backward walking upon sensing an obstacle or danger in the path ahead. A change in walking direction is likely to be triggered by descending "command" neurons from the brain that act upon local motor circuits to alter the timing of leg muscle activation. Here we identify descending neurons for backward walking in Drosophila--the MDN neurons. MDN activity is required for flies to walk backward when they encounter an impassable barrier and is sufficient to trigger backward walking under conditions in which flies would otherwise walk forward. We also identify ascending neurons, MAN, that promote persistent backward walking, possibly by inhibiting forward walking. These findings provide an initial glimpse into the circuits and logic that control walking direction in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidaye, Salil S -- Machacek, Christian -- Wu, Yang -- Dickson, Barry J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):97-101. doi: 10.1126/science.1249964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Extremities/physiology ; Female ; Gait ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/cytology ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Walking/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):239. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*microbiology/physiology ; Brain/metabolism/microbiology ; Fat Body/virology ; Female ; Gryllidae/physiology/*virology ; Guanidines/analysis/metabolism ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Hypocreales/*physiology ; Insect Viruses/*physiology ; Lizards/virology ; Male ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Sphingosine/analysis/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: How we attend to objects and their features that cannot be separated by location is not understood. We presented two temporally and spatially overlapping streams of objects, faces versus houses, and used magnetoencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging to separate neuronal responses to attended and unattended objects. Attention to faces versus houses enhanced the sensory responses in the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), respectively. The increases in sensory responses were accompanied by induced gamma synchrony between the inferior frontal junction, IFJ, and either FFA or PPA, depending on which object was attended. The IFJ appeared to be the driver of the synchrony, as gamma phases were advanced by 20 ms in IFJ compared to FFA or PPA. Thus, the IFJ may direct the flow of visual processing during object-based attention, at least in part through coupled oscillations with specialized areas such as FFA and PPA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldauf, Daniel -- Desimone, Robert -- P30EY2621/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):424-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1247003. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception ; Young Adult
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blair, H T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):846-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1251252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Psychology Department and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Association ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Memory, Episodic ; *Nerve Net ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; *Theta Rhythm
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Sex-specific chromosomes, like the W of most female birds and the Y of male mammals, usually have lost most genes owing to a lack of recombination. We analyze newly available genomes of 17 bird species representing the avian phylogenetic range, and find that more than half of them do not have as fully degenerated W chromosomes as that of chicken. We show that avian sex chromosomes harbor tremendous diversity among species in their composition of pseudoautosomal regions and degree of Z/W differentiation. Punctuated events of shared or lineage-specific recombination suppression have produced a gradient of "evolutionary strata" along the Z chromosome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosomal region. W-linked genes are subject to ongoing functional decay after recombination was suppressed, and the tempo of degeneration slows down in older strata. Overall, we unveil a complex history of avian sex chromosome evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Qi -- Zhang, Jilin -- Bachtrog, Doris -- An, Na -- Huang, Quanfei -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Zhang, Guojie -- GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1246338. doi: 10.1126/science.1246338. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Struthioniformes/genetics ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanton, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):485-6. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.485-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Family/*history ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Plague/*history ; Women/*history ; Work/*history
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmerman, Andrew W -- Connors, Susan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):620-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1250214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics ; *Cytoprotection ; Female ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Susiarjo, Martha -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- P30 ES013508/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):733-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1258654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bartolom@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; Female ; Fetal Nutrition Disorders/*metabolism ; Male ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: How sleep helps learning and memory remains unknown. We report in mouse motor cortex that sleep after motor learning promotes the formation of postsynaptic dendritic spines on a subset of branches of individual layer V pyramidal neurons. New spines are formed on different sets of dendritic branches in response to different learning tasks and are protected from being eliminated when multiple tasks are learned. Neurons activated during learning of a motor task are reactivated during subsequent non-rapid eye movement sleep, and disrupting this neuronal reactivation prevents branch-specific spine formation. These findings indicate that sleep has a key role in promoting learning-dependent synapse formation and maintenance on selected dendritic branches, which contribute to memory storage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Guang -- Lai, Cora Sau Wan -- Cichon, Joseph -- Ma, Lei -- Li, Wei -- Gan, Wen-Biao -- P01 NS074972/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047325/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1173-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1249098.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. ; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. gan@saturn.med.nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Environmental exposures affect gamete function and fertility, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that pheromones sensed by ciliated neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nose alter the lipid microenvironment within the oviduct, thereby affecting sperm motility. In favorable environments, pheromone-responsive sensory neurons secrete a transforming growth factor-beta ligand called DAF-7, which acts as a neuroendocrine factor that stimulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase [cyclooxygenase (Cox)]-independent prostaglandin synthesis in the ovary. Oocytes secrete F-class prostaglandins that guide sperm toward them. These prostaglandins are also synthesized in Cox knockout mice, raising the possibility that similar mechanisms exist in other animals. Our data indicate that environmental cues perceived by the female nervous system affect sperm function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, Katherine -- Hoang, Hieu D -- Prasain, Jeevan K -- Brown, Naoko -- Vibbert, Jack -- Hollister, Kyle A -- Moore, Ray -- Ragains, Justin R -- Reese, Jeff -- Miller, Michael A -- GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL110950/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL114439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR19261/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):754-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. mamiller@uab.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; Oocytes/metabolism/physiology ; Ovum/metabolism/physiology ; Perception ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/biosynthesis ; *Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Tyzio et al. (Reports, 7 February 2014, p. 675) reported that bumetanide restored the impaired oxytocin-mediated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery in animal models of autism, ameliorating some autistic-like characteristics in the offspring. However, standard practices in the study of these models, such as the use of sex-dimorphic or males-only analyses and implementation of tests measuring social behavior, are lacking to definitely associate their findings to autism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bambini-Junior, Victorio -- Nunes, Gustavo Della Flora -- Schneider, Tomasz -- Gottfried, Carmem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):176. doi: 10.1126/science.1255679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Research Group in Neuroglial Plasticity at the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health's Basic Science, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. victoriobambini@gmail.com. ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Research Group in Neuroglial Plasticity at the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health's Basic Science, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ; School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, TS17 6BH, Durham University, Durham, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics ; *Cytoprotection ; Female ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vrieze, Jop -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):241-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Health ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Male ; Meat/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Tanzania
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West. However, this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China. We propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese participants in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more interdependent and holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds like climate, we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and found differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and pathogen prevalence theories do not fit the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Talhelm, T -- Zhang, X -- Oishi, S -- Shimin, C -- Duan, D -- Lan, X -- Kitayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):603-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246850.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; *Individuation ; Male ; *Oryza ; *Triticum
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: During limb development, digits emerge from the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue that constitutes the limb bud. It has been proposed that this process is controlled by a self-organizing Turing mechanism, whereby diffusible molecules interact to produce a periodic pattern of digital and interdigital fates. However, the identities of the molecules remain unknown. By combining experiments and modeling, we reveal evidence that a Turing network implemented by Bmp, Sox9, and Wnt drives digit specification. We develop a realistic two-dimensional simulation of digit patterning and show that this network, when modulated by morphogen gradients, recapitulates the expression patterns of Sox9 in the wild type and in perturbation experiments. Our systems biology approach reveals how a combination of growth, morphogen gradients, and a self-organizing Turing network can achieve robust and reproducible pattern formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raspopovic, J -- Marcon, L -- Russo, L -- Sharpe, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 1;345(6196):566-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1252960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. james.sharpe@crg.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Extremities/*embryology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Limb Buds/*embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Models, Biological ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Genetic errors in meiosis can lead to birth defects and spontaneous abortions. Checkpoint mechanisms of hitherto unknown nature eliminate oocytes with unrepaired DNA damage, causing recombination-defective mutant mice to be sterile. Here, we report that checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2 or Chek2), is essential for culling mouse oocytes bearing unrepaired meiotic or induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Female infertility caused by a meiotic recombination mutation or irradiation was reversed by mutation of Chk2. Both meiotically programmed and induced DSBs trigger CHK2-dependent activation of TRP53 (p53) and TRP63 (p63), effecting oocyte elimination. These data establish CHK2 as essential for DNA damage surveillance in female meiosis and indicate that the oocyte DSB damage response primarily involves a pathway hierarchy in which ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signals to CHK2, which then activates p53 and p63.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048839/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048839/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolcun-Filas, Ewelina -- Rinaldi, Vera D -- White, Michelle E -- Schimenti, John C -- GM45415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM045415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):533-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1247671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*genetics/pathology ; Meiosis/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Oocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):739. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.739-b. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Editor-in-Chief.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Sex Workers ; *Transgender Persons
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The existence of BRCA1 was proven in 1990 by mapping predisposition to young-onset breast cancer in families to chromosome 17q21. Knowing that such a gene existed and approximately where it lay triggered efforts by public and private groups to clone and sequence it. The press baptized the competition "the race" and reported on it in detail for the next 4 years. BRCA1 was positionally cloned in September 1994. Twenty years later, I reflect on "the race" and its consequences for breast cancer prevention and treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Mary-Claire -- R01 CA157744/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1462-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*genetics/history ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/history ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; History, 20th Century ; Humans
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉You, Jia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6203.1440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel/*classification/*psychology ; *Science ; Sex Factors ; *Social Media
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to common human malignancies, most notably tumors of the breast and ovaries. The proteins encoded by these genes have been implicated in a plethora of biochemical interactions and biological functions, confounding attempts to coherently explain how their inactivation promotes carcinogenesis. Here, I argue that tumor suppression by BRCA1 and BRCA2 originates from their fundamental role in controlling the assembly and activity of macromolecular complexes that monitor chromosome duplication, maintenance, and segregation across the cell cycle. A tumor-suppressive role for the BRCA proteins as "chromosome custodians" helps to explain the clinical features of cancer susceptibility after their inactivation, provides foundations for the rational therapy of BRCA-deficient cancers, and offers general insights into the mechanisms opposing early steps in human carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venkitaraman, Ashok R -- G1001521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001522/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105359877/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12022/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1470-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1252230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/genetics/*physiology ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics/*physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Chromosomal Instability ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/*physiology ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Organ Specificity/genetics
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Parental care, including feeding and protection of young, is essential for the survival as well as mental and physical well-being of the offspring. A large variety of parental behaviors has been described across species and sexes, raising fascinating questions about how animals identify the young and how brain circuits drive and modulate parental displays in males and females. Recent studies have begun to uncover a striking antagonistic interplay between brain systems underlying parental care and infant-directed aggression in both males and females, as well as a large range of intrinsic and environmentally driven neural modulation and plasticity. Improved understanding of the neural control of parental interactions in animals should provide novel insights into the complex issue of human parental care in both health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dulac, Catherine -- O'Connell, Lauren A -- Wu, Zheng -- R01 DC009019/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC013087/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):765-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1253291. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dulac@fas.harvard.edu. ; FAS Center for System Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; *Parenting ; Paternal Behavior/*physiology ; Sensation/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1334-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6190.1334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Speech/physiology/radiation effects ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Preterm birth is associated with 5 to 18% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome caused by multiple pathologic processes, leads to 70% of preterm births. The prevention and the treatment of preterm labor have been long-standing challenges. We summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of disease implicated in this condition and review advances relevant to intra-amniotic infection, decidual senescence, and breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance. The success of progestogen treatment to prevent preterm birth in a subset of patients at risk is a cause for optimism. Solving the mystery of preterm labor, which compromises the health of future generations, is a formidable scientific challenge worthy of investment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romero, Roberto -- Dey, Sudhansu K -- Fisher, Susan J -- DA06668/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD076253/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HD002400-23/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):760-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251816. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Wayne State University/the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. romeror@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy, and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Decidua/physiopathology ; Female ; Fetus/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Infection/complications/physiopathology ; Inflammation/complications/physiopathology ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/*etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control ; Placenta/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Syndrome ; Vascular Diseases/complications/physiopathology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism. During delivery and subsequently, hippocampal neurons in these models have elevated intracellular chloride levels, increased excitatory GABA, enhanced glutamatergic activity, and elevated gamma oscillations. Maternal pretreatment with bumetanide restored in offspring control electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes. Conversely, blocking oxytocin signaling in naive mothers produced offspring having electrophysiological and behavioral autistic-like features. Our results suggest a chronic deficient chloride regulation in these rodent models of autism and stress the importance of oxytocin-mediated GABAergic inhibition during the delivery process. Our data validate the amelioration observed with bumetanide and oxytocin and point to common pathways in a drug-induced and a genetic rodent model of autism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tyzio, Roman -- Nardou, Romain -- Ferrari, Diana C -- Tsintsadze, Timur -- Shahrokhi, Amene -- Eftekhari, Sanaz -- Khalilov, Ilgam -- Tsintsadze, Vera -- Brouchoud, Corinne -- Chazal, Genevieve -- Lemonnier, Eric -- Lozovaya, Natalia -- Burnashev, Nail -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):675-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1247190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Bumetanide/administration & dosage ; Chlorides/metabolism ; *Cytoprotection ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 42
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):750-1. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.750.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn/*physiology ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Taste ; Taste Perception
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Humans can discriminate several million different colors and almost half a million different tones, but the number of discriminable olfactory stimuli remains unknown. The lay and scientific literature typically claims that humans can discriminate 10,000 odors, but this number has never been empirically validated. We determined the resolution of the human sense of smell by testing the capacity of humans to discriminate odor mixtures with varying numbers of shared components. On the basis of the results of psychophysical testing, we calculated that humans can discriminate at least 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. This is far more than previous estimates of distinguishable olfactory stimuli. It demonstrates that the human olfactory system, with its hundreds of different olfactory receptors, far outperforms the other senses in the number of physically different stimuli it can discriminate.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushdid, C -- Magnasco, M O -- Vosshall, L B -- Keller, A -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1370-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1249168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Odors ; *Olfactory Perception ; Smell/*physiology ; Young Adult
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. Although low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material standard of living.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Ronald -- Mason, Andrew -- members of the NTA Network -- R37 AG025247/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):229-34. doi: 10.1126/science.1250542.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Demography and Department of Economics, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu amason@hawaii.edu. ; Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96821, USA. East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848-1601, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu amason@hawaii.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Aging ; Birth Rate/*trends ; Economics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Income ; Income Tax ; *Population Growth ; Socioeconomic Factors
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 typically results in one genetic variant establishing systemic infection. We compared, for 137 linked transmission pairs, the amino acid sequences encoded by non-envelope genes of viruses in both partners and demonstrate a selection bias for transmission of residues that are predicted to confer increased in vivo fitness on viruses in the newly infected, immunologically naive recipient. Although tempered by transmission risk factors, such as donor viral load, genital inflammation, and recipient gender, this selection bias provides an overall transmission advantage for viral quasispecies that are dominated by viruses with high in vivo fitness. Thus, preventative or therapeutic approaches that even marginally reduce viral fitness may lower the overall transmission rates and offer long-term benefits even upon successful transmission.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289910/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289910/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, Jonathan M -- Schaefer, Malinda -- Monaco, Daniela C -- Batorsky, Rebecca -- Claiborne, Daniel T -- Prince, Jessica -- Deymier, Martin J -- Ende, Zachary S -- Klatt, Nichole R -- DeZiel, Charles E -- Lin, Tien-Ho -- Peng, Jian -- Seese, Aaron M -- Shapiro, Roger -- Frater, John -- Ndung'u, Thumbi -- Tang, Jianming -- Goepfert, Paul -- Gilmour, Jill -- Price, Matt A -- Kilembe, William -- Heckerman, David -- Goulder, Philip J R -- Allen, Todd M -- Allen, Susan -- Hunter, Eric -- 2P51RR000165-51/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- G108/626/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- OD P51OD11132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P01-AI074415/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI050409/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD010425/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51RR165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064060/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI64060/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI051231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI51231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI 66454/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):1254031. doi: 10.1126/science.1254031. Epub 2014 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. carlson@microsoft.com ehunte4@emory.edu. ; Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. ; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA. ; Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 7BN, UK. National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK. Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK. ; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA. HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa. Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, London SW10 9NH, UK. Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW10 9NH, UK. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. ; Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. ; Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, CA 98117, USA. ; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. ; Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, CA 98117, USA. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. ; Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. carlson@microsoft.com ehunte4@emory.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; HIV-1/*genetics ; *Heterosexuality ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Risk Factors ; *Selection, Genetic ; Viral Load
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: A major evolutionary transition to eusociality with reproductive division of labor between queens and workers has arisen independently at least 10 times in the ants, bees, and wasps. Pheromones produced by queens are thought to play a key role in regulating this complex social system, but their evolutionary history remains unknown. Here, we identify the first sterility-inducing queen pheromones in a wasp, bumblebee, and desert ant and synthesize existing data on compounds that characterize female fecundity in 64 species of social insects. Our results show that queen pheromones are strikingly conserved across at least three independent origins of eusociality, with wasps, ants, and some bees all appearing to use nonvolatile, saturated hydrocarbons to advertise fecundity and/or suppress worker reproduction. These results suggest that queen pheromones evolved from conserved signals of solitary ancestors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Oystaeyen, Annette -- Oliveira, Ricardo Caliari -- Holman, Luke -- van Zweden, Jelle S -- Romero, Carmen -- Oi, Cintia A -- d'Ettorre, Patrizia -- Khalesi, Mohammadreza -- Billen, Johan -- Wackers, Felix -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Wenseleers, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):287-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1244899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Biological Assay ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/classification/pharmacology/*physiology ; Reproduction/drug effects/physiology ; Wasps/*physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414116/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414116/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Marovich, Mary A -- Dieffenbach, Carl W -- Hunter, Eric -- Buchbinder, Susan P -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096187/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000390-25/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000677-15/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):49-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1250672.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Antigens/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 48
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: It is not just a manner of speaking: "Mind reading," or working out what others are thinking and feeling, is markedly similar to print reading. Both of these distinctly human skills recover meaning from signs, depend on dedicated cortical areas, are subject to genetically heritable disorders, show cultural variation around a universal core, and regulate how people behave. But when it comes to development, the evidence is conflicting. Some studies show that, like learning to read print, learning to read minds is a long, hard process that depends on tuition. Others indicate that even very young, nonliterate infants are already capable of mind reading. Here, we propose a resolution to this conflict. We suggest that infants are equipped with neurocognitive mechanisms that yield accurate expectations about behavior ("automatic" or "implicit" mind reading), whereas "explicit" mind reading, like literacy, is a culturally inherited skill; it is passed from one generation to the next by verbal instruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heyes, Cecilia M -- Frith, Chris D -- 091593/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1243091. doi: 10.1126/science.1243091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK. cecilia.heyes@all-souls.ox.ac.uk. ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Brain/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; *Cultural Evolution ; Dyslexia/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Telepathy ; *Theory of Mind
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Damage to the central nervous system caused by traumatic injury or neurological disorders can lead to permanent loss of voluntary motor function and muscle paralysis. Here, we describe an approach that circumvents central motor circuit pathology to restore specific skeletal muscle function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb muscles but also enabled their function to be restored in a controllable manner using optogenetic stimulation. This synthesis of regenerative medicine and optogenetics may be a successful strategy to restore muscle function after traumatic injury or disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryson, J Barney -- Machado, Carolina Barcellos -- Crossley, Martin -- Stevenson, Danielle -- Bros-Facer, Virginie -- Burrone, Juan -- Greensmith, Linda -- Lieberam, Ivo -- 095589/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0900585/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001234/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/K000608/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248523.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Line ; Electric Stimulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Hindlimb ; Isometric Contraction ; *Light ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neurons/cytology/*physiology/*transplantation ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/*physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; *Optogenetics ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are associated with multiple diseases and biological processes; however, little is known about the extent of sequence variation in the mitochondrial transcriptome. By ultra-deeply sequencing mitochondrial RNA (〉6000x) from the whole blood of ~1000 individuals from the CARTaGENE project, we identified remarkable levels of sequence variation within and across individuals, as well as sites that show consistent patterns of posttranscriptional modification. Using a genome-wide association study, we find that posttranscriptional modification of functionally important sites in mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is under strong genetic control, largely driven by a missense mutation in MRPP3 that explains ~22% of the variance. These results reveal a major nuclear genetic determinant of posttranscriptional modification in mitochondria and suggest that tRNA posttranscriptional modification may affect cellular energy production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodgkinson, Alan -- Idaghdour, Youssef -- Gbeha, Elias -- Grenier, Jean-Christophe -- Hip-Ki, Elodie -- Bruat, Vanessa -- Goulet, Jean-Philippe -- de Malliard, Thibault -- Awadalla, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):413-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonuclease P/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: The science of morality has drawn heavily on well-controlled but artificial laboratory settings. To study everyday morality, we repeatedly assessed moral or immoral acts and experiences in a large (N = 1252) sample using ecological momentary assessment. Moral experiences were surprisingly frequent and manifold. Liberals and conservatives emphasized somewhat different moral dimensions. Religious and nonreligious participants did not differ in the likelihood or quality of committed moral and immoral acts. Being the target of moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on happiness, whereas committing moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on sense of purpose. Analyses of daily dynamics revealed evidence for both moral contagion and moral licensing. In sum, morality science may benefit from a closer look at the antecedents, dynamics, and consequences of everyday moral experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hofmann, Wilhelm -- Wisneski, Daniel C -- Brandt, Mark J -- Skitka, Linda J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1340-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1251560. Epub 2014 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. wilhelm.hofmann@uni-koeln.de. ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. ; Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000, Tilburg, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Employee Discipline ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Morals ; Personnel Loyalty ; Young Adult
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):829-31. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cause of Death/*trends ; Female ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Health/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; *Hierarchy, Social ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Risk Factors ; *Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/etiology
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: To systematically investigate the impact of immune stimulation upon regulatory variant activity, we exposed primary monocytes from 432 healthy Europeans to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or differing durations of lipopolysaccharide and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). More than half of cis-eQTLs identified, involving hundreds of genes and associated pathways, are detected specifically in stimulated monocytes. Induced innate immune activity reveals multiple master regulatory trans-eQTLs including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), coding variants altering enzyme and receptor function, an IFN-beta cytokine network showing temporal specificity, and an interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) transcription factor-modulated network. Induced eQTL are significantly enriched for genome-wide association study loci, identifying context-specific associations to putative causal genes including CARD9, ATM, and IRF8. Thus, applying pathophysiologically relevant immune stimuli assists resolution of functional genetic variants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064786/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064786/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fairfax, Benjamin P -- Humburg, Peter -- Makino, Seiko -- Naranbhai, Vivek -- Wong, Daniel -- Lau, Evelyn -- Jostins, Luke -- Plant, Katharine -- Andrews, Robert -- McGee, Chris -- Knight, Julian C -- 074318/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088891/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 281824/European Research Council/International -- 98082/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001708/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1246949. doi: 10.1126/science.1246949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antigens, CD14/immunology ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crohn Disease/epidemiology/*genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-2/genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics ; Young Adult
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capel, Blanche -- R37 HD039963/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):32-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1248486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein/*physiology ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carbone, Francis R -- Gebhardt, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):40-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1259925. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. f.carbone@microbiology.unimelb.edu.au. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity/*immunology ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Chemokines/*immunology ; Female ; Herpes Genitalis/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 2, Human ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Male ; Skin/*immunology ; Vagina/*immunology ; Virus Diseases/*immunology
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moss-Racusin, Corinne A -- van der Toorn, Jojanneke -- Dovidio, John F -- Brescoll, Victoria L -- Graham, Mark J -- Handelsman, Jo -- 1R13GM090574-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):615-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1245936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cultural Diversity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Racism ; Research Design ; Science/ethics/*manpower ; *Sexism
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Bambini-Junior et al. questioned whether our treatment in two rodent models of autism has a long-lasting effect into adulthood. In response, we show that bumetanide treatment around delivery attenuates autistic behavioral features in adult offspring. Therefore, the polarity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) actions during delivery exerts long-lasting priming actions after birth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eftekhari, Sanaz -- Shahrokhi, Amene -- Tsintsadze, Vera -- Nardou, Romain -- Brouchoud, Corinne -- Conesa, Magali -- Burnashev, Nail -- Ferrari, Diana C -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):176. doi: 10.1126/science.1256009.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. On leave from Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. On leave from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. ; Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France. UMR 901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Neurochlore, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Route de Luminy, Marseille, France. yehezkel.ben-ari@inserm.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics ; *Cytoprotection ; Female ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):568-71. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Scotland
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: Little is known about how human genetic variation affects the responses to environmental stimuli in the context of complex diseases. Experimental and computational approaches were applied to determine the effects of genetic variation on the induction of pathogen-responsive genes in human dendritic cells. We identified 121 common genetic variants associated in cis with variation in expression responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, influenza, or interferon-beta (IFN-beta). We localized and validated causal variants to binding sites of pathogen-activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and IRF (IFN-regulatory factor) transcription factors. We also identified a common variant in IRF7 that is associated in trans with type I IFN induction in response to influenza infection. Our results reveal common alleles that explain interindividual variation in pathogen sensing and provide functional annotation for genetic variants that alter susceptibility to inflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124741/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124741/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Mark N -- Ye, Chun -- Villani, Alexandra-Chloe -- Raj, Towfique -- Li, Weibo -- Eisenhaure, Thomas M -- Imboywa, Selina H -- Chipendo, Portia I -- Ran, F Ann -- Slowikowski, Kamil -- Ward, Lucas D -- Raddassi, Khadir -- McCabe, Cristin -- Lee, Michelle H -- Frohlich, Irene Y -- Hafler, David A -- Kellis, Manolis -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Zhang, Feng -- Stranger, Barbara E -- Benoist, Christophe O -- De Jager, Philip L -- Regev, Aviv -- Hacohen, Nir -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 MH100706/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP1 MH100706/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002230/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG043267/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR063759/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097768/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 GM093080/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG002295/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI082630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1246980. doi: 10.1126/science.1246980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics ; Communicable Diseases/genetics ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Loci ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HEK293 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Interferon-beta/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcriptome ; Young Adult
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Parenting behaviors, such as the provisioning of food by parents to offspring, are known to be highly responsive to changes in environment. However, we currently know little about how such flexibility affects the ways in which parenting is adapted and evolves in response to environmental variation. This is because few studies quantify how individuals vary in their response to changing environments, especially social environments created by other individuals with which parents interact. Social environmental factors differ from nonsocial factors, such as food availability, because parents and offspring both contribute and respond to the social environment they experience. This interdependence leads to the coevolution of flexible behaviors involved in parenting, which could, paradoxically, constrain the ability of individuals to rapidly adapt to changes in their nonsocial environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Royle, Nick J -- Russell, Andrew F -- Wilson, Alastair J -- BB/G022976/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):776-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1253294. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK. n.j.royle@exeter.ac.uk. ; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; *Parenting ; *Paternal Behavior ; Social Environment
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):964-7. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6174.964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cognition Disorders/*drug therapy ; Down Syndrome/drug therapy/genetics/*therapy ; *Early Medical Intervention ; Female ; GABA Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Picrotoxin/therapeutic use ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028126/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028126/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Frances -- Conti, Gabriella -- Heckman, James J -- Moon, Seong Hyeok -- Pinto, Rodrigo -- Pungello, Elizabeth -- Pan, Yi -- 1R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5RC1MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1478-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1248429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Preservation ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Diet ; Early Medical Intervention/*methods ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Avian brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of other birds, which raise the unrelated chicks and typically suffer partial or complete loss of their own brood. However, carrion crows Corvus corone corone can benefit from parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius. Parasitized nests have lower rates of predation-induced failure due to production of a repellent secretion by cuckoo chicks, but among nests that are successful, those with cuckoo chicks fledge fewer crows. The outcome of these counterbalancing effects fluctuates between parasitism and mutualism each season, depending on the intensity of predation pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canestrari, Daniela -- Bolopo, Diana -- Turlings, Ted C J -- Roder, Gregory -- Marcos, Jose M -- Baglione, Vittorio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1350-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1249008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acids/analysis/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/growth & development/*physiology ; Bodily Secretions/chemistry ; Crows/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Indoles/analysis/metabolism ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Phenols/analysis/metabolism ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Sulfur Compounds/analysis/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Volatilization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: The current view of motor learning suggests that when we revisit a task, the brain recalls the motor commands it previously learned. In this view, motor memory is a memory of motor commands, acquired through trial-and-error and reinforcement. Here we show that the brain controls how much it is willing to learn from the current error through a principled mechanism that depends on the history of past errors. This suggests that the brain stores a previously unknown form of memory, a memory of errors. A mathematical formulation of this idea provides insights into a host of puzzling experimental data, including savings and meta-learning, demonstrating that when we are better at a motor task, it is partly because the brain recognizes the errors it experienced before.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herzfeld, David J -- Vaswani, Pavan A -- Marko, Mollie K -- Shadmehr, Reza -- 1F31NS079121/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS090860/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078311/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS078311/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32EB003383/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007057/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1349-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1253138. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dherzfe1@jhmi.edu. ; Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25123484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Young Adult
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1261. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6202.1261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents, Traffic/*mortality ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Head Protective Devices/*utilization ; Humans ; Male ; Motorcycles/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality/*prevention & control
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howard, Ayanna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):274. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6206.274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ayanna Howard is the Motorola Foundation Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bionics ; *Career Choice ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Robotics/*education ; Women, Working/*psychology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Euston, David R -- Steenland, Hendrik W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1087-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1255649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada. david.euston@gmail.com. ; Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: This paper presents a new data infrastructure for measuring economic activity. The infrastructure records transactions and account balances, yielding measurements with scope and accuracy that have little precedent in economics. The data are drawn from a diverse population that overrepresents males and younger adults but contains large numbers of underrepresented groups. The data infrastructure permits evaluation of a benchmark theory in economics that predicts that individuals should use a combination of cash management, saving, and borrowing to make the timing of income irrelevant for the timing of spending. As in previous studies and in contrast to the predictions of the theory, there is a response of spending to the arrival of anticipated income. The data also show, however, that this apparent excess sensitivity of spending results largely from the coincident timing of regular income and regular spending. The remaining excess sensitivity is concentrated among individuals with less liquidity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelman, Michael -- Kariv, Shachar -- Shapiro, Matthew D -- Silverman, Dan -- Tadelis, Steven -- P30 AG012839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):212-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1247727.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. shapiro@umich.edu. ; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Economics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Policy Making ; Young Adult
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: A substantial literature shows that U.S. early childhood interventions have important long-term economic benefits. However, there is little evidence on this question for developing countries. We report substantial effects on the earnings of participants in a randomized intervention conducted in 1986-1987 that gave psychosocial stimulation to growth-stunted Jamaican toddlers. The intervention consisted of weekly visits from community health workers over a 2-year period that taught parenting skills and encouraged mothers and children to interact in ways that develop cognitive and socioemotional skills. The authors reinterviewed 105 out of 129 study participants 20 years later and found that the intervention increased earnings by 25%, enough for them to catch up to the earnings of a nonstunted comparison group identified at baseline (65 out of 84 participants).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574862/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4574862/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gertler, Paul -- Heckman, James -- Pinto, Rodrigo -- Zanolini, Arianna -- Vermeersch, Christel -- Walker, Susan -- Chang, Susan M -- Grantham-McGregor, Sally -- R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):998-1001. doi: 10.1126/science.1251178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA. gertler@haas.berkeley.edu. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. American Bar Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA. Institute for Fiscal Studies, University College London, London, UK. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. ; The University of The West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. ; University College London, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Developing Countries/*statistics & numerical data ; Early Intervention (Education)/*statistics & numerical data ; Emotions ; Employment/*economics/trends ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Jamaica ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations/*psychology ; Parenting/psychology ; Psychology ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehead, Nadia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 18;345(6194):249. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6194.249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*urine ; Congo Red ; Female ; Humans ; Pre-Eclampsia/*diagnosis/metabolism/urine ; Pregnancy ; *Protein Folding ; Proteostasis Deficiencies/*diagnosis/metabolism/urine ; Urinalysis/*methods
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1073. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1073.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*trends ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetus/blood supply ; Humans ; *Placenta/blood supply/physiopathology ; Placentation ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Cord/physiology
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Despite our understanding of actomyosin function in individual migrating cells, we know little about the mechanisms by which actomyosin drives collective cell movement in vertebrate embryos. The collective movements of convergent extension drive both global reorganization of the early embryo and local remodeling during organogenesis. We report here that planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins control convergent extension by exploiting an evolutionarily ancient function of the septin cytoskeleton. By directing septin-mediated compartmentalization of cortical actomyosin, PCP proteins coordinate the specific shortening of mesenchymal cell-cell contacts, which in turn powers cell interdigitation. These data illuminate the interface between developmental signaling systems and the fundamental machinery of cell behavior and should provide insights into the etiology of human birth defects, such as spina bifida and congenital kidney cysts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167615/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167615/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindo, Asako -- Wallingford, John B -- R01 GM074104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):649-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1243126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actomyosin/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Movement ; *Cell Polarity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gastrula/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Mesoderm/cytology/metabolism ; Organogenesis ; Phosphorylation ; Septins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):799. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.799.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; Animals, Wild/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Breeding ; Carnivory ; Cats/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; Female ; Genome ; Hearing/genetics ; Memory ; Receptors, Glutamate/genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Vision, Ocular/genetics
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plotkin, Pamela -- Bernardo, Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):484. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.484-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oceanography and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Endangered Species/*economics ; Female ; Gulf of Mexico ; Research/*economics ; *Seawater ; *Turtles
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The cloning of the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 nearly two decades ago helped set in motion an avalanche of research exploring how genomic information can be optimally applied to identify and clinically care for individuals with a high risk of developing cancer. Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other breast cancer susceptibility genes has since proved to be a valuable tool for determining eligibility for enhanced screening and prevention strategies, as well as for identifying patients most likely to benefit from a targeted therapy. Here, we discuss the landscape of inherited mutations and sequence variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, the complexities of determining disease risk when the pathogenicity of sequence variants is uncertain, and current strategies for clinical management of women who carry BRCA1/2 mutations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4074902/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4074902/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couch, Fergus J -- Nathanson, Katherine L -- Offit, Kenneth -- 3P30CA008748-47/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA116167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA116201/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA128978/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA135509/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA116201/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA128978/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA135509/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA116167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA164947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01CA164947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1466-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1251827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/*genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/prevention & control ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Precision Medicine
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6214.1167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Jews/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*prevention & control ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control ; *Uncertainty
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):461. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.461.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage ; Biomedical Research/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; *Odors ; Pain/*physiopathology/prevention & control ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Sex Factors ; *Smell
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grodzinsky, Yosef -- Nelken, Israel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):978-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1251495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Linguistics, McGill University, 1085 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montreal, Quebec H3A1A7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present at low concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors. It has been proposed that the isolation, ex vivo culture, and characterization of CTCs may provide an opportunity to noninvasively monitor the changing patterns of drug susceptibility in individual patients as their tumors acquire new mutations. In a proof-of-concept study, we established CTC cultures from six patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Three of five CTC lines tested were tumorigenic in mice. Genome sequencing of the CTC lines revealed preexisting mutations in the PIK3CA gene and newly acquired mutations in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1), PIK3CA gene, and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (FGFR2), among others. Drug sensitivity testing of CTC lines with multiple mutations revealed potential new therapeutic targets. With optimization of CTC culture conditions, this strategy may help identify the best therapies for individual cancer patients over the course of their disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358808/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358808/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Min -- Bardia, Aditya -- Aceto, Nicola -- Bersani, Francesca -- Madden, Marissa W -- Donaldson, Maria C -- Desai, Rushil -- Zhu, Huili -- Comaills, Valentine -- Zheng, Zongli -- Wittner, Ben S -- Stojanov, Petar -- Brachtel, Elena -- Sgroi, Dennis -- Kapur, Ravi -- Shioda, Toshihiro -- Ting, David T -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- Getz, Gad -- Iafrate, A John -- Benes, Cyril -- Toner, Mehmet -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EB008047/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002503/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 EB012493/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):216-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1253533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. maheswaran@helix.mgh.harvard.edu haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. maheswaran@helix.mgh.harvard.edu haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Separation ; Culture ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Mice ; Microfluidics/methods ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/*drug effects/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):361-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6169.361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemically-Induced Disorders/*genetics ; DNA Methylation/drug effects ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/economics/trends ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Reproduction/drug effects/genetics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/*abnormalities/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portella, Andre Krumel -- Silveira, Patricia Pelufo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1571-2. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6204.1571-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciencias Medicas de Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil. ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 00032386@ufrgs.br.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn/*physiology ; *Mothers ; Pregnancy ; *Taste
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1068. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6175.1068.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; *Diet ; *Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Neoplasms/*diet therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1206. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jim Austin is the editor of Science Careers. Got an interesting career story? Send it to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org. For more on life and careers, see www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Peer Review, Research/*standards ; Sex Factors ; *Women ; Writing/*standards
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):133-5. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6167.133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Glucose/analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Computers ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*drug therapy ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/*administration & dosage ; *Insulin Infusion Systems ; Male ; Pancreas ; *Pancreas, Artificial
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1422. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6190.1422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jim Austin (@SciCareerEditor on Twitter) is the editor of Science Careers (http://www.sciencecareers.org).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Female ; Humans ; Journal Impact Factor ; Male ; *Science ; Sexism
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1454-6. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*pathology/*surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology/*pathology/*surgery ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Most animals sleep more early in life than in adulthood, but the function of early sleep is not known. Using Drosophila, we found that increased sleep in young flies was associated with an elevated arousal threshold and resistance to sleep deprivation. Excess sleep results from decreased inhibition of a sleep-promoting region by a specific dopaminergic circuit. Experimental hyperactivation of this circuit in young flies results in sleep loss and lasting deficits in adult courtship behaviors. These deficits are accompanied by impaired development of a single olfactory glomerulus, VA1v, which normally displays extensive sleep-dependent growth after eclosion. Our results demonstrate that sleep promotes normal brain development that gives rise to an adult behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayser, Matthew S -- Yue, Zhifeng -- Sehgal, Amita -- R25MH060490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007713/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32HL07713/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):269-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1250553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal ; Brain/growth & development/physiology ; Courtship ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Drosophila/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/growth & development/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep ; Sleep Deprivation ; Temperature
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Ribosome biogenesis drives cell growth and proliferation, but mechanisms that modulate this process within specific lineages remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a Drosophila RNA polymerase I (Pol I) regulatory complex composed of Under-developed (Udd), TAF1B, and a TAF1C-like factor. Disruption of udd or TAF1B results in reduced ovarian germline stem cell (GSC) proliferation. Female GSCs display high levels of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, and Udd becomes enriched in GSCs relative to their differentiating daughters. Increasing Pol I transcription delays differentiation, whereas reducing rRNA production induces both morphological changes that accompany multicellular cyst formation and specific decreased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway component Mad. These findings demonstrate that modulating rRNA synthesis fosters changes in the cell fate, growth, and proliferation of female Drosophila GSCs and their daughters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084784/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084784/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qiao -- Shalaby, Nevine A -- Buszczak, Michael -- R01 GM086647/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM045820/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM086647/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007745/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):298-301. doi: 10.1126/science.1246384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; *Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, rRNA ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ovary/cytology/*physiology ; RNA Polymerase I/genetics/*metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; Transcription Factor TFIID/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):349-50. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6182.349.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Genome, Insect ; Insect Proteins/*genetics ; Tsetse Flies/*genetics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):245-6. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6181.245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; DNA/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gene Silencing ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smeeding, Timothy M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1260504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Public Affairs and Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. smeeding@lafollette.wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Birth Rate/*trends ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; *Population Growth
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, Rachel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):798. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Engineering/manpower ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Mathematics/manpower ; Physics/manpower ; Science/*manpower ; *Sexism ; United States ; Universities ; *Women
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Joan C -- Sheltzer, Jason -- Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):478. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jim Austin is the editor of Science Careers-@SciCareer Editor on Twitter. Do you have an interesting career story? Send it to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*manpower ; Biomedical Research/*manpower ; Faculty ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *Sex Ratio ; *Sexism ; *Women
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldsmith, Gregory R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):308. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.308-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. gregory.goldsmith@psi.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel/*classification/*psychology ; *Science ; *Social Media
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozhimannil, Katy B -- Kim, Helen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):755. doi: 10.1126/science.1259614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Katy B. Kozhimannil is an assistant professor in the Division of Health Policy and Management at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455. kbk@umn.edu. ; Helen Kim is a perinatal psychiatrist in the Mother-Baby Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415. kimxx237@umn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anxiety/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology ; *Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Mass Screening ; *Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercer, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1571. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6204.1571-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Richard Stockton College, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. jean.mercer@stockton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; *Child Abuse ; *Child Development ; *Child, Institutionalized ; *Child, Orphaned ; Female ; *Foster Home Care ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/*physiology ; *Parenting ; Paternal Behavior/*physiology ; *Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez Perdiguero, Elisa -- Geissmann, Frederic -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):801-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1255117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation-CMCBI, Division of Immunology Infection & Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, UK. ; Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation-CMCBI, Division of Immunology Infection & Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, UK. frederic.geissmann@kcl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*immunology/*pathology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Animal displays are often perceived by intended and unintended receivers in more than one sensory system. In addition, cues that are an incidental consequence of signal production can also be perceived by different receivers, even when the receivers use different sensory systems to perceive them. Here we show that the vocal responses of male tungara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) increase twofold when call-induced water ripples are added to the acoustic component of a rival's call. Hunting bats (Trachops cirrhosus) can echolocate this signal by-product and prefer to attack model frogs when ripples are added to the acoustic component of the call. This study illustrates how the perception of a signal by-product by intended and unintended receivers through different sensory systems generates both costs and benefits for the signaler.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halfwerk, W -- Jones, P L -- Taylor, R C -- Ryan, M J -- Page, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):413-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1244812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*physiology ; *Auditory Perception ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Courtship ; *Echolocation ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Sound ; *Vibration ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Water
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6180.143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agricultural Workers' Diseases/*etiology/mortality/therapy ; Animals ; Central America/epidemiology ; Dehydration/complications ; Early Diagnosis ; El Salvador/epidemiology ; Female ; Fructokinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Fructose/metabolism ; Glucose/biosynthesis ; Herbicides/adverse effects ; Hospital Mortality ; *Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Insecticides/adverse effects ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology/mortality/therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*etiology/mortality/therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Recent discoveries of spectacular dinosaur fossils overwhelmingly support the hypothesis that birds are descended from maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs, and furthermore, demonstrate that distinctive bird characteristics such as feathers, flight, endothermic physiology, unique strategies for reproduction and growth, and a novel pulmonary system originated among Mesozoic terrestrial dinosaurs. The transition from ground-living to flight-capable theropod dinosaurs now probably represents one of the best-documented major evolutionary transitions in life history. Recent studies in developmental biology and other disciplines provide additional insights into how bird characteristics originated and evolved. The iconic features of extant birds for the most part evolved in a gradual and stepwise fashion throughout archosaur evolution. However, new data also highlight occasional bursts of morphological novelty at certain stages particularly close to the origin of birds and an unavoidable complex, mosaic evolutionary distribution of major bird characteristics on the theropod tree. Research into bird origins provides a premier example of how paleontological and neontological data can interact to reveal the complexity of major innovations, to answer key evolutionary questions, and to lead to new research directions. A better understanding of bird origins requires multifaceted and integrative approaches, yet fossils necessarily provide the final test of any evolutionary model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Xing -- Zhou, Zhonghe -- Dudley, Robert -- Mackem, Susan -- Chuong, Cheng-Ming -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Varricchio, David J -- AR 47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 60306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1253293. doi: 10.1126/science.1253293.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, PR China. xu.xing@ivpp.ac.cn. ; Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, PR China. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA. Cheng Kung University, Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regeneration, Graduated Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. ; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA. ; Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Dinosaurs/classification ; Feathers/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Fossils ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction ; Respiratory System/anatomy & histology ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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