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  • Wheat  (108)
  • Triticum aestivum  (105)
  • Springer  (195)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Elsevier
  • 1980-1984  (195)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (195)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Elsevier
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reductase activity (in vivo and in vitro) of ditelosomic stocks of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 263-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: nitrate reductase ; Triticum aestivum ; ditelosomics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The nitrate reductase activities (NRA) of 31 ditelosomic stocks were compared with that of the control plant [Chinese Spring (CS) euploid], using in vivo and in vitro assay procedures that had been optimized with respect to the euploid. Fourteen stocks exhibited significant differences in in vivo NRA from that of the euploid; the effect of removal of a chromosome arm was always to increase NRA. Eight of these stocks showed similar effects in vitro, although in three, a casein-sensitive factor had to be eliminated before the difference was expressed. Homoeologous group effects were evident among ditelosomics of groups 2, 4, and 7, while for three chromosomes (2D, 7A, and 7B), removal of either arm resulted in a similar increase in NRA in vivo and probably in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504273
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen irradiation ; Wheat ; Differential gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. Doses of X-rays of 2Kr, 3Kr and 5Kr were used to generate M1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. Cytological studies of M1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. These effects resulted in phenotypic variation between M1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosis. All M1 plants at the 5Kr and 3Kr doses were sterile and all but 2 plants at the 2Kr dose. Studies of the two M2 families from these plants revealed disturbances in genotype frequencies for some of the marker loci with an excess of maternal homozygotes and a deficit of paternal homozygotes. This was also reflected in a more maternal appearance for quantitative characters. These results are interpreted as showing that irradiation damage to the paternal genome in M1 plants results in the differential transmission of maternal alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264875
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chitinase as a possible resistance factor for higher plants (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Resistance ; Genetic engineering ; Yellow rust ; Wheat ; Chitinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Virulence and resistance may act on the same biochemical mechanisms. Because Erwinia-virulence on potato depends on the lysis of cell walls of the host, resistance may depend on the lysis of cell walls of the parasite. An example is given with yellow rust on wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264887
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of anther culture to culture temperature in Triticum aestivum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anther culture ; Culture temperature ; Induction frequency ; Pollen callus (plantlet) ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of anther culture to culture temperature was studied in detail using many varieties, F1 hybrids and pollen-derived lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as materials. The suitable culture temperature for inducing pollen callus (or embryoids) in wheat anther culture ranged from 26 °C to 30 °C, varying with genotypes. But for the great majority of wheat genotypes the suitable culture temperatures lay between 28 °C and 30°C. The most significant genotypic variation in the response to culture temperature was observed in the comparison between the culture at 33 °C for eight days followed by culture at 25 °C (or 26 °C) and the continuous culture at 25 °C (or 26 °C). This genotypic variation in the response to culture temperature is a heritable character which may be controlled by multiple genes. The effect of culture at 30 °C for eight days followed by culture at 26 °C was similar to, or in some cases, better than that of continuous culture at 28 °C, and the effect of culture at 32 °C for eight days followed by culture at 28 °C was similar to that of continuous culture at 30 °C. In the range from 26 °C to 32 °C, the overwhelming majority of pollen calli emerged before the 40th day after anther inoculation, and the higher the culture temperature, the earlier and more concentrated the emerging period of the pollen callus. The pollen callus obtained at high temperatures above 28 °C should be transferred in time onto the regeneration medium at 25°–27°C to induce shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265182
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene Rht3 in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Dwarfism ; Yield ; Quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the ‘Tom Thumb’ Rht3 dwarfing gene in wheat on plant height, yield components and grain quality in field trials of random inbred lines from two ‘Minister Dwarf’ (Rht3) x rht3 crosses are described. Limited genetic increases in Rht3 plant height, up to 70 cm, were achieved by incorporating genes from the extremely tall variety ‘April Bearded’. Amongst lines from the higher yielding cross, the dwarfing gene did not reduce grain yield but was associated with an increase in grain number of over 25%. Although Rht3 reduced grain protein content by up to 0.8%, breadmaking quality, as measured by SDS sedimentation values and baking tests, was not affected. A controlled environment experiment with near-isogenic Rht3 and rht3 lines indicated that reduced grain size in the dwarfs is a competitive response to the increase in fertility rather than a primary effect of the dwarfing gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251155
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chromosomal location of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303774
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome variation in wheat plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Plant regeneration ; Chromosome variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cytological study has been made of plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of four wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42). In total, 29% of the 192 plants examined were aneuploid with a range in chromosome numbers of 38–45. Evidence of chromosome structural changes was also found. This variation occurred in regenerants of all four cultivars, but there were large differences in the proportions of aneuploids arising from individual cultures which meant that no significant differences could be demonstrated between cultivars. Chromosome abnormalities were present in plants regenerated both from embryogenic cultures and from cultures in which the origin of shoots could not be distinctly defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317047
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat microspore embryogenesis during in vitro anther culture (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Multicellular pollen grains ; Embryos ; Cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytological analysis of microspore embryogenesis during in vitro culture reveals a high mortality in the first week and a latency phase of about one week before the first embryogénic mitosis. Genotypic differences observed during our wheat anther culture do not seem to originate at the induction level but are linked to the different abortion rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regeneration of plants from frozen pollen embryos and zygotic embryos of wheat and rice (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Embryo culture ; Haploids ; Wheat ; Rice ; Germplasm bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Anther culture derived pollen embryos and immature zygotic embryos of wheat and rice, frozen in liquid nitrogen in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, sucrose and glycerol, have been revived. The retrieved cultures proliferated and/or regenerated shoots and plantlets. The prospects of the cryopreservation of embryos for the conservation and multiplication of germplasm and the possibility of the establishment of ‘Germplasm Banks’ are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264898
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic control of grain esterases in hexaploid wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hexaploid genotypes ; Allelic variation ; Esterase ; Isozymes ; Isoelectric focusing ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of grain esterase isozymes in Chinese Spring aneuploid genotypes by IEF confirmed that genes on the long arms of chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D (Est-5) control the production of 19 isozymes. Allelic variants have been found for the isozyme pattern controlled by each chromosome. Segregational data involving null alleles and complex phenotypic differences indicate that the wheat grain esterases are encoded by three compound and probably homoeoallelic loci, each capable of producing at least six different isozymes. In a sample of 138 hexaploid genotypes, seven alleles were distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266893
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on nuclear and cytoplasmic genome expression in wheat by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; 2D electrophoresis ; Developmental genetics ; Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Genetic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of denaturated proteins were performed at five developmental stages or organs (hereafter referred to as stage-organs) on two wheat lines with four different cytoplasms. Five hundred and fifty to 712 reproducible spots were scored depending on the stage-organ. Each stage-organ is unambiguously characterized and several types of control of protein quantity are recorded. Post-translational modifications are hypothetized and may sometimes be stagespecific. Two cytoplasmic patterns are found: one for the euplasmic lines with Triticum aestivum cytoplasm and one for the alloplasmic lines with Aegilops juvenalis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. kotschyi cytoplasms. Cytoplasmic variation is observed for 28 spots showing position difference, all of which are probably products of the LS gene, and for four spots showing differences for regulation of protein quantity. Nuclear variation between ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Selkirk’ is found for 20 allelic differences and for 20 regulatory systems, the latter number being probably underestimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267887
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer-assisted examination of the storage protein genetic variation in 841 accessions of Triticum dicoccoides (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Electrophoresis ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Emmer ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing the protein content of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Many studies have shown that the presence or absence of bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) electrophoregrams of wheat storage proteins to be of a purely genetic character. A total protein extraction and SDS-PAGE technique was used to estimate the storage protein genetic variability among 841 accessions of wild emmer collected from various ecological regions in the Middle East. In addition, a computer data bank was developed, recording the onedimension electrophoregram bands for each accession by molecular weight (MW) and relative Coomassie Blue staining intensity as determined from densitometer scans. Analyses of this information are being used to identify specific accessions for further study by two dimension electrofocusing-electrophoresis and breeding and genetic analyses. The computer-assisted analyses indicated that the greatest genetic variability occurs for proteins in the high MW region (above 70,000 MW) followed by those in the medium range (70,000 to 33,300 MW). Comparatively little variability was revealed for protein subunits of below 33,300 MW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262545
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal assignment of genes controlling salt-soluble proteins (albumins and globulins) in wheat and related species (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosomal location ; Genetic control ; Salt soluble proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Salt-soluble proteins from the endosperms of wheat, barley, and rye have been separated by nonequilibrium electrofocusing x electrophoresis. Genes encoding 14 of the 25 components observed in wheat have been unambiguously assigned to 10 different chromosomes (1B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5B, 6B, 6D, 7B, 7D) by analysis of the compensated nulli-tetrasomic series. Five more wheat proteins seem to be controlled by group 2 chromosomes. Analysis of wheat-barley and wheat-rye addition lines has led to the location of genes for 6 out of 20 barley proteins in 4 different chromosomes (1H, 3H, 4H, 6H; 1H is homoeologous to group 7 chromosomes of wheat) and of genes for 5 out of 20 rye proteins in two different chromosomes (2R, 4R). The relationship between the proteins reported here and previously characterized ones is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272890
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New hybrids between Agropyron and wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo culture ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum (2n=42,AABBDD) with Agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,SSYY), A. trachycaulum (2n=28,SSHH), A. yezoense (2n=28,SSYY) and A. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. F1 hybrids of T. aestivum were also produced with A. intermedium (2n=42,E1E1E2E2Z1Z1) and A. junceum (2n=14,JuJu). All wheat-Agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. Cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and F1 plant production. The F1 hybrids were sterile. Attempts to obtain amphiploids were unsuccessful. However, backcross derivatives were obtained with wheat as the recurrent parent. The level of chromosome pairing in A. trachycaulum x wheat, A. yezoense x wheat and wheat x A. junceum hybrids provided no evidence of homologous or homoeologous pairing. Mean pairing frequencies in A. ciliare x wheat, wheat x A. scirpeum and wheat x A. intermedium hybrids indicated homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing. Ph gene was more effective in regulating homoeologous pairing in A. yezoense x wheat hybrids than in A. ciliare x wheat hybrid. Chromosome pairing data of BC1 derivatives indicated that either some of the wheat chromosomes were eliminated or Agropyron chromosomes caused reduced pairing of wheat homologues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265184
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the Rht 1 and Rht 2 dwarfing genes and grain weight in Triticum aestivum L. spring wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inheritance ; Culm-length ; GA insensitivity ; Grain weight ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study was carried out in the first year on samples of random F5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in grain weight and in their Rht gene. In the second year only the progenies of the early heading F5 lines were studied. All the material was grown in the absence of lodging. The culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling GA response test. No differences in grain weight were found between the two semi dwarf genotypes (Rht 1Rht1 rht 2rht2 and rht 1rht1 Rht 2Rht2). The tall genotype (rht 1rht1 rht 2rht2) was significantly higher in grain weight than the two semi dwarf genotyes and the grain weight of these genotypes exceeded markedly the grain weight of the dwarf genotype (Rht 1Rht1 Rht 2Rht2). These genotypic effects were independent of differences in plant height, heading date or number of grains per spike.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265191
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of glutenin subunits in F1 seeds of reciprocal crosses between European hexaploid wheat cultivars (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Co-dominance ; Bread-making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ten pairs of reciprocal crosses have been made between wheat cultivars which show differences in their glutenin subunit compositions. The F1 seed glutenin subunit composition was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The results indicate that all the high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) subunits (from 133,000 to 65,000 daltons) are transmitted to the F1 seed generation from the parental cultivars. In accordance with the triploid nature of the heterozygous endosperm (3n) and with the maternal and paternal gene dosage ratio (2∶1) in the endosperm itself, a significant effect of maternal parent is registered when comparing pairs of reciprocal seeds. Genes coding for the glutenin subunits are expressed whatever their doses are (one, two, or three) in the hybrid endosperm; thus the glutenin subunits inheritance is consistent with the co-dominant type. For one pair of the reciprocal crosses, two MMW parental bands (MW: 71,000 and 66,000) seemed absent in the F1 seed patterns while a new band with an intermediate, apparent MW (68,000) appears. This phenomenon was observed when the glutenins analyzed by electrophoresis were previously separated from other endosperm proteins, and not when they were directly extracted from the ground seed. We assume that the extraction can cause interactions between moieties attached to the subunits and lead to the formation of a complex having an intermediate electrophoretic mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272713
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  • 17
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    Genetic studies of the crossability of hexaploid wheat with rye and Hordeum bulbosum (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Crossability ; Wheat ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (Secale cereale L.) and H. bulbosum on both 5A and 5B chromosomes. No reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5D substitution lines. It was found that the Kr1 locus on chromosome 5B had a more pronounced affect on both rye and H. bulbosum crossability than the Kr2 locus on chromosome 5A and that the effects of both loci were cumulative. The Kr alleles affected both rye and H. bulbosum crossability in a linear, or additive, fashion. The Kr 2 allele was shown to have little effect on H. bulbosum crossability compared to a significant effect on rye crossability. Tests with tetrasomic and nulli-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that the kr allele is ‘null’ or inactive in promoting crossability while the Kr allele is active in reducing crossability to both rye and H. bulbosum. Thus, extra doses of the kr allele do not increase rye or H. bulbosum crossability in the presence of the corresponding Kr allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274168
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  • 18
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    Genetic control of α-Amylase production in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; α-Amylase ; Isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the α-amylase isozymes in GA-treated endosperm of wheat nullisomic-tetrasomics shows that there is more variation at the α-Amy-1 and α-Amy-2 homoeoallelic loci than was previously thought. Among the 16 isozymes produced by genes on the group 7 chromosomes, most could be definitely established as products of a single homoeoallele. Inter-varietal allelic differences would be expected at such loci and clear variation was found in isozymes produced by chromosomes 6B and 7B. The latter allele, α-Amy-B2b carried by the variety ‘Hope’, was used to locate the enzyme structural gene within chromosome 7B relative to the centromere and five other gene markers. The nature of the α-Amy-B2b phenotype and the rare non-parental isozyme patterns found among the recombinant lines indicates that the locus is large and compound, probably involving some degree of intra-locus gene duplication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274170
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  • 19
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    Characterisation of high molecular weight gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat endosperm by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the chromosomal localisation of their controlling genes (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gliadin ; Glutenin ; Tticum ; Wheat ; Endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gliadins, here defined as those proteins of defatted wheat endosperm which dissolve in 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, were fractionated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. The protein which eluted with the void volume of the column, often described as high-molecular-weight (HMW) gliadin, was fractionated by the two different, two dimensional gel electrophoresis procedures of O'Farrell (1975) and O'Farrell et al. (1977). The next two fractions to elute from the gel column, ω-gliadin and α-, β-, γ-gliadin, were analysed similarly. The subunits of HMW gliadin and the classical (i.e. non-aggregated) gliadins map at distinctive positions on the electrophoregrams, the majority of the HMW gliadin subunits being more basic and having a slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than the α-, β-, γ-gliadins. These experiments demonstrate that those gliadins which aggregate to form HMW gliadin are distinct molecular entities and thus coded by different genes to those gliadins which do not aggregate. Glutenin, here prepared by a modification of the pH 6.4 precipitation procedure of Orth and Bushuk (1973), was also analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The low-molecular-weight subunits were found to correspond exactly with the HMW gliadin subunits. Using the nullisomic-tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the genes controlling the synthesis of all the major HMW gliadin subunits were shown to be located on the short arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, as are the genes coding for the ω-gliadins and the majority of the γ-gliadins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281844
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  • 20
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    Evidence for maternal effect in the inheritance of grain protein in crosses between cultivated and wild tetraploid wheats (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum ; Grain protein ; Grain weight ; Maternal effect ; Cytoplasmic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between cultivated wheat (Triticum turgidum var. ‘durum’) and a high-protein line of wild tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum var. ‘dicoccoides’). F1 grains (on maternal spikes) were very similar to the selfed grains on the maternal parent in protein percentage, weight and protein content. These traits were also analyzed in F3 grains developed on F2 spikes of segregating populations derived from reciprocal crosses between the same cultivated parent and another high-protein line of var. ‘dicoccoides’. No significant differences in the mean values of these traits were found between the reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect. It has been concluded that these grain characteristics are largely determined by the maternal plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264897
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  • 21
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    Blocks of gliadin components in winter wheat detected by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Gliadins ; Electrophoresis ; Hybridological analysis ; Genetic nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of gliadin components in winter wheat has been studied by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Single F2 grains from 36 intervarietal hybrid combinations have been analysed. The genetic analysis has revealed blocks, including 1–6 gliadin components, which are inherited as individual mendelian traits. About 80 variants of blocks have been detected. On the basis of the allelism test they are grouped into 6 series in accordance with the number of known gliadin-coding loci located on chromosomes of the homoeologous groups 1 and 6. Each series includes 8–18 blocks controlled by different alleles of one gliadin-coding locus. Blocks of components have been confirmed to be inherited codominantly in accordance to the gene dose in the triploid endosperm. The highest similarity between members of one series is observed in groups of blocks controlled by chromosomes ID and 6D. On the contrary, many blocks controlled by chromosomes 1A and 1B have no bands in common. The presented catalogue of blocks of components may be used to make up gliadin genetic formulae and to compare electrophoregrams obtained by different authors. Blocks of gliadin components are suitable genetic markers for use in revealing and studying heterogeneity of wheat varieties, in tracing their origin, in identifying recombinations, translocations and substitutions of the genetic material and in solving many other problems of the origin, evolution and selection of hexaploid wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264904
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    Analysis of nucleolar activity in Agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with Triticum aestivum and the chromosome addition lines (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Amphiplasty ; Ag-NOR ; Addition lines ; Nucleolar organizer ; Agropyron elongatum ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleolar organizer activity of the Agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the chromosome addition lines is analyzed by the silver-staining procedure. Four Ag-NORs are observed in A. elongatum corresponding to the chromosomes 6E and 7E. In the amphiploid T. aestivum — A. elongatum, eight Ag-NORs are observed which corresponds the wheat chromosomes 1B and 6B and to the elongatum chromosomes 6E and 7E. Thus, there is codominance in the nucleolar organizer activity of the chromosomes of the two species. However, a partial amphiplasty is detected since less than 8 Ag-NORs (7 up to 4) are observed in some metaphase cells; the chromosomes 6E and 7E are occasionally suppressed by wheat chromosomes. This conclusion is confirmed by the behaviour of the addition lines since only in those corresponding to the chromosomes 6E and 7E are the elongatum chromosomes nucleolar active although occasionally they can be suppressed by wheat chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252316
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  • 23
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    Heritability of grain yield, plant height and test weight of a population of winter wheat adapted to Southwestern Ontario (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 21-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Heritability ; Yield ; Height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The population consisted of F2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to S. W. Ontario. Heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. Predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. The low heritability for yield indicates that effective selection would require pedigree information and progeny tests, while the high heritabilities for height and test weight indicate that selection for these traits using single plots would be appropriate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252304
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    The meiotic pairing of nine wheat chromosomes (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 193-198 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Heterochromatin ; Meiosis ; Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The meiotic identification of nine pairs of chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis of Triticum aestivum (B genome, 4A and 7A) has been achieved using a Giemsa C-banding technique. As a result, the analysis of the pairing of each chromosome arm in disomic and monosomic intervarietal hybrids between ‘Chinese Spring’ and the Spanish cultivar ‘Pané 247’ could be carried out. Differences in the chiasmata frequencies per chromosome arm cannot be explained on the basis of relative arm lengths only. Possible effects of arm-to-arm heterochromatic differences on meiotic pairing are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272894
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  • 25
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    Genetic analysis of gliadin components in winter wheat using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 31-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Gliadins ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Hybridological analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Blocks of gliadin components found both in a number of varieties and in single F2 grains of winter wheat intervarietal hybrids have been studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis combining electrophoresis in acidic aluminium-lactate buffer (pH3.1) and SDS-electrophoresis. Gliadin components (spots) have been shown to be inherited as linked groups (blocks), codominantly and in accordance with a gene dosage in triploid endosperm. Blocks include components differing in their electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight. Some allelic variants of blocks differ only in presence of few additional components or in the electrophoretic mobility of components with similar molecular weights; other variants may contain no similar components. Apparently, in the course of evolution, mutations in individual genes of gliadin-coding loci and processes changing the number of expressing genes and the sizes of their structural part occurred.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262533
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  • 26
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    Increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by mutation breeding (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276260
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    The effect of B-chromosomes of rye on the chromosome association in F1 hybrids Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale in the absence of chromosomes 5B or 5D (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 193-198 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: B-Chromosomes ; Chromosome associations ; Triticum aestivum ; Secale cereale hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary T. aestivum var. ‘Chinese Spring’ (monosomic 5B and 5D, respectively) was crossed with S. cereale (with and without B-chromosomes). The resulting nullisomic 5B hybrids exhibited a high degree of chromosome association both at 20°C and 10°C. The presence of B-chromosomes reduced association slightly whether 5B was present or not. In nullisomic 5D hybrids B-chromosomes of rye raise chromosome association at 20°C when compared to hybrids with 5D, with as well as without, B's. At 10°C, due to the absence of the Ltp gene on 5D, chromosome association in nullisomic 5D hybrids is low, and no effects of rye B-chromosomes is detectable. The hypothesis that B-chromosomes of rye carry (an) asynaptic gene(s) decreasing effective pairing, and (an) independent post-synaptic gene(s) increasing chiasma frequency on effective pairing sites, is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295448
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    Induction of haploid and diploid plants though in vitro anther culture of haploid wheat (n=3x=21) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 57-58 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Anther culture ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five haploid plants of wheat were used for anther culture. Embryos were formed and six plants were regenerated. Of these, two were haploid (n=3x=21) and two diploid (2n=6x=42). The two diploids derived from the anthers of the same haploid wheat plant gave seeds, but the fertility was reduced in one of them showing, abnormalities at meiosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00745029
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  • 29
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    Glutenin subunits of genetically related European hexaploid wheat cultivars: Their relation to bread-making quality (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263099
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    Genetic studies of frost resistance in wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 145-152 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Frost resistance ; Diallel cross ; F2monosomics ; Substitutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic studies of frost resistance were performed on various wheat varieties using diallel, F2 monosomic and substitution analysis. A six-parental cross including reciprocals was carried out, and F1 hybrids and their parents were used for the freezing tests under controlled conditions. Both the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, indicating additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of frost resistance. The high GCA∶SCA ratio revealed a preponderance of additive genetic variance. No significant reciprocal differences were found between the reciprocal crosses. The variance/covariance graphical analysis indicated the partial dominance of frost sensitivity. Frost sensitive varieties had the largest number of dominant genes, while frost resistant varieties had the highest proportion of recessive genes. The magnitude of the additive component of variation was higher than that of the dominance component, and the overall measure of the degree of dominance was smaller than one, so average dominance is incomplete. The increasing and decreasing alleles are not equally frequent at all loci. In this set of wheat varieties the values of narrow and broad heritability are relatively high. F2 monosomic analysis of the winter wheat variety ‘Arthur’ crossed with the monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the average frost resistance of all the 21 monosomics was lower than that of the disomic. F2 monosomic hybrids 5A, 2B, 4B and 5D proved to be relatively frost resistant, while monosomics 3A, 3B and 6D were the most sensitive. The control of frost resistance in the set of chromosome substitution lines of the variety ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ (with the exception of 2B) indicated that the genes responsible for the frost resistance of ‘Cheyenne’ are localised in chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B, 5B, 4D and 5D. The genetic basis of frost resistance and problems of analysis are discussed.
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    An evaluation of mitochondrial heterosis and in vitro mitochondrial complementation in wheat, barley and maize (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mitochondrial heterosis ; Mitochondrial complementation ; Triticum aestivum ; Hordeum vulgare ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two families each of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were studied for mitochondrial heterosis and in vitro mitochondrial complementation. Inbred parents and their hybrids were compared for seedling heights and rate of oxygen uptake by the whole tissue to find out if the hybrids showed greater growth and respiratory activity at the seedling stage. Further comparisons were made by isolating mitochondria from the seedling tissues and measuring their ADP∶0 ratio, respiratory control ratio and cytochrome c oxidase activity for mitochondrial heterosis. Mixtures of parental mitochondria were similarly compared with parental and hybrid mitochondria for in vitro mitochondrial complementation. No evidence for mitochondrial heterosis or in vitro mitochondrial complementation was found, nor any correlation between the different mitochondrial parameters, seedling heights or rates of oxygen uptake by seedling tissue. The suggested use of mitochondrial heterosis and in vitro mitochondrial complementation for plant breeding is discussed.
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    Monosomic analysis of genes for resistance against stem rust races in bread wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 313-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Monosomic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using monosomic analysis genes governing resistance in one wheat variety, ‘E5883’, against stem rust races 15C and 122, were located on specific chromosomes. Against race 15C, a major dominant gene, Sr6, was located on chromosome 2D of ‘E5883’ with minor modifiers found on chromosomes 4A and 6D. Against race 122, the presence of a recessive hemizygous ineffective gene, Sr8, was identified, located on chromosome 6A of variety ‘E5883’.
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    Analysing environments for plant breeding purposes as exemplified by multivariate analyses of long term wheat yields (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 317-325 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Environmental evaluation ; Plant breeding ; Multivariate analysis ; Wheat ; Climatic variable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A previous attempt to relate long term yields from the Western Australian wheat belt to climatic factors proved only partially successful. Here, principal component analysis has been used to examine the patterns of variability created by those socio-economic factors which may have obscured any underlying relationship which existed between yield and climate. In fact, these analyses revealed the existence of variation peculiar to particular groups of years, a result which could explain why many attempts to relate crop yields directly to climatic factors have proved unsuccessful. The plant breeding implications of these genotype x environment interactions are considered.
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    Genetic variation in wheat endosperm proteins: an analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis using intervarietal chromosomal substitution lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 361-371 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Endosperm ; Proteins ; Electro phoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The major endosperm proteins in a range of genotypes of hexaploid wheat have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The genotypes included nine varieties and forty four intervarietal substitution lines in which chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B or 6D from eight of the varieties have been introduced one at a time into a common genetic background. The appearance of different protein subunits was often correlated with a chromosome substitution. This showed that many of the genes for the high molecular weight protein subunits (molecular weight range 55,000 to 140,000 determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are specified by chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D while many of the lower molecular weight subunits (molecular weight range 30,000 to 45,000) are specified by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D. The different protein subunits correlated with chromosome substitution could not always be recognised in the varietal source of the substituted chromosome. The different subunits specified by homologous chromosomes in different wheat varieties may differ in isoelectric point and/or molecular weight.
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    Fractionation of wheat gliadin and glutenin subunits by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the role of group 6 and group 2 chromosomes in gliadin synthesis (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 349-359 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Glutenin ; Gliadin ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Subunits of wheat endosperm proteins have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. To determine which subunits in the two-dimensional electrophoretic pattern belong to gliadin or glutenin the endosperm proteins have also been fractionated by a modified Osborne procedure and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-4B prior to separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The control of production of five major grain protein subunits is shown to be determined by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D by comparing two-dimensional electrophoretic protein subunit patterns of aneuploid lines of the variety ‘Chinese Spring’. From these and previous studies it is concluded that some α, β and γ gliadins (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 30,000 to 40,000) are specified by genes on the short arms of homoeologous Group 6 chromosomes, the ω gliadins (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 50,000 to 70,000) are specified by genes on the short arms of homoeologous Group 1 chromosomes and the glutenin subunits (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 〉 85,000) are specified by genes on the long arms of homoeologous Group 1 chromosomes. No major gliadins or glutenin subunits were absent when any of the chromosomes in homoeologous Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 were deleted. However two gliadins whose presumed structural genes are on chromosome 6D were absent in aneuploid stocks of ‘Chinese Spring’ carrying two additional doses of chromosome 2A. Two out of thirty-three intervarietal or interspecific chromosome substitution lines examined, involving homoeologous Group 2 chromosomes, lacked the same two gliadins. All the subunits in the other thirty-one chromosome substitution lines were indistinguishable from those in ‘Chinese Spring’. It is therefore concluded that the major variation affecting gliadin and glutenins in wheat is concentrated on the chromosomes of homoeologous Groups 1 and 6 but Group 2 chromosomes are candidates for further study. An endosperm protein controlled by chromosome 4D in ‘Chinese Spring’ is shown to be a high molecular weight globulin.
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    Biochemical markers associated with two Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat-Aegilops addition lines (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Aegilops ventricosa ; Addition lines ; Biochemical markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of three biochemical markers, U-1, CM-4 and Aphv-a, -b, among wheat-Aegilops addition lines carrying Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) has been investigated. Addition lines which had been previously grouped together on the basis of common non-biochemical characters carried marker U-1, a protein component from the 2M urea extract. The added chromosome, in the appropriate genetic background, seems to confer a high level of resistance to the eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Cercosporella herpotrichoides. The other two markers were concomitantly associated with another similarly formed group of addition lines. Both CM-4, a protein component from the chloroform:methanol extract, and Aphv-a, -b, alkaline phosphate isozymes, have been previously shown to be associated with homoeologous chromosome group 4, which suggests that the added chromosome in the second group of addition lines is 4Mv.
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    The role of ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes in photosynthetic and respiratory activity of wheat leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 81-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (T), semi-dwarf (D1), dwarf (D2) and very dwarf (D3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. Two cultivars were included in each height group. Cultivars carrying ‘Norin 10’ dwarfing genes (D1, D2 and D3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (T) that lack these genes. Among the ‘Norin’ gene carriers, dwarf group (D2) was most efficient, followed by very dwarf (D3) and semi-dwarf (D1). Photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate were found to have a positive relationship.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282421
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    Investigation of a preferentially transmitted Aegilops sharonensis chromosome in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 27-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Preferential transmission ; In situ hybridization ; C-banding ; Aegilops sharonensis ; Wheat ; Addition ; Substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An attempt to produce a set of addition lines of Aegilops sharonensis to the wheat variety ‘Chinese Spring’ produced only one addition line. This was due to preferential transmission of one chromosome from Ae. sharonensis. This chromosome was studied in detail by established cytological methods of chromosome observation and by the newer techniques of C-banding and in situ hybridization of a cloned DNA sequence. The chromosome was found to be partially homologous to an Ae. sharonensis chromosome of similar behaviour in another wheat addition line. The incomplete homology of the two Ae. sharonensis chromosomes was due to the presence of a translocated segment of a wheat chromosome. — Substitution lines of the Ae. sharonensis chromosome for wheat homoeologous group 4 were produced and the Ae. sharonensis chromosome thereby designated 4 S l .
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    The chromosomal location of factors determining the presence of phenolic compounds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 125-128 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat-phenolics-location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using thin-layer chromatography and nulli-tetrasomic and ditellosomic series of Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Chinese Spring’, it has been possible to relate the phenolic compounds found in adult plant leaves and 12 day-old seedling leaves with the chromosomes or chromosome arms 1 B, 2 BL, 3 BL, 5 A, 6 AL, 7 B and 7 DS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273879
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    Pollen callus culture in Triticum aestivum (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 71-73 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Pollen ; Anther culture ; Callus ; Regeneration ; Plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pollen shed between 4–8 d from anthers of Triticum aestivum cultured in liquid medium gave rise to calluses. Tillers were harvested at the mid-to late-unicellular pollen stages and chilled for 8 d at 4–5 °C before the anthers were dissected out. Pollen cultures gave about 6 times as many calluses on a per anther basis as anthers cultured on solid medium. With the most productive of 5 cultivars tested, pollen culture results in roughly one callus for each anther used, though the calluses formed by pollen culture were less productive for the regeneration of shoots than calluses derived from anthers cultured on solid medium. The ratio of green to albino shoots is roughly 1∶ 1 for anther cultures but considerably less for pollen cultures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303494
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    Inheritance of grain proteins in wheat (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 121-124 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Grainprotein ; Gene action ; Regression ; Diallel cross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diallel crosses between five divergent vulgare wheat cultivars were made in order to evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability of grain proteins. Significant differences in grain protein content were found between cultivars and their hybrids. It was established that the inheritance of seed protein in the F1 generation included both additive and non-additive gene action.
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    Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304000
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    Genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Total endosperm protein subunits, extracted from the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and from some of its aneuploid lines, were fractionated according to their molecular weight (MW) in an improved high resolution one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The resolution obtained by this method and, in particular, that of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin and gliadin subunits approached that of a previous report in which two-dimensional fractionation system based on charge and MW was used. In the cultivar Chinese Spring, 21 discrete protein bands were resolved and the chromosomes controlling many of them were either reconfirmed, or, in some cases, established. The advantages of this high resolution SDS PAGE technique are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272711
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    Control of lectins in Triticum aestivum and Aegilops umbellulata by homoeologous group 1 chromosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Aegilops umbellulata ; Genetics ; Lectin ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Each of the three genomes in hexaploid wheat controls the expression of a specific lectin in the embryo. The chromosomes which control their synthesis were determined using nullisomic-tetrasomic and inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of ‘Chinese Spring’. All three wheat lectins were shown to be controlled by the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. Using ditelosomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ the lectin genes could be localized on the long arms of chromosomes 1A and 1D. Inter-specific addition and substitution lines of Aegilops umbellulata chromosomes to ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that chromosome 1U, which is homoeologous to the group 1 chromosomes of wheat, controls lectin synthesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303922
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    Characterization of the multigene family coding for HMW glutenin subunits in wheat using cDNA clones (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 87-96 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW glutenin subunit genes ; cDNA clones ; Tandem DNA repeats ; Chromosomal location ; Gene copy number ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary cDNA clones encoding wheat HMW glutenin subunits have been isolated from a cDNA bank made to poly A+ RNA from developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring. One such clone, pTag 1290, has enabled us to identify the HMW glutenin mRNA species. The DNA sequence of this clone has been partially determined and it contains several tandem DNA repeats. The sequence is discussed in relation to the generation of the HMW glutenin subunit gene family. Analysis of the organization of the HMW glutenin sequences in the wheat genome revealed that the genes encoding HMW glutenin subunits exist in low copy number and are located on the long arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303930
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    Responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=Triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (Triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 61-66 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281850
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    Genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat (1983)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 77-86 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins ; Glutenins ; Gliadins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endosperm protein subunits of 109 primitive and modern lines of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., were fractionated by one-dimensional, high resolution, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A wide range of both qualitative and quantitative variation was observed in the fractions of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin and gliadin subunits of the different lines. The qualitative variation was expressed in the number of subunits per fraction and in their molecular weight, as determined by the differential rate of migration. The quantitative variation was expressed in the differential staining intensity of several subunits. The widest variation was detected in the HMW glutenin and gliadin subunits controlled by chromosome 1B while a much smaller variation was observed in those subunits controlled by chromosome 1A and further smaller variation in the subunits controlled by 1D. Only a small number of subunits in both fractions was found to be controlled by chromosome 1A indicating that diploidization of endosperm protein genes in common wheat has been non-random. The genetic and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281853
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    Rye chromosome translocations in hexaploid wheat: a re-evaluation of the loss of heterochromatin from rye chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
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    Aneuploid analysis of low molecular weight gliadins from wheat (1980)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
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    Induction of haploid and diploid plants though in vitro anther culture of haploid wheat (n=3x=21) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 57-58 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Anther culture ; Haploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five haploid plants of wheat were used for anther culture. Embryos were formed and six plants were regenerated. Of these, two were haploid (n=3x=21) and two diploid (2n=6x=42). The two diploids derived from the anthers of the same haploid wheat plant gave seeds, but the fertility was reduced in one of them showing, abnormalities at meiosis.
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    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265174
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    Identification of a 4A/7R and a 7B/4R wheat-rye chromosome translocation (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 33-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Gene transfer ; Translocations ; Homoeologous genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By producing chromosome substitutions with ‘Imperial rye’ chromosomes 4R (C) and 7R (D) in the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ two spontaneous translocation lines were obtained. One involves segments of wheat chromosome 4A and rye chromosome 7R, the other involves portions of wheat chromosome 7B and rye chromosome 4R
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    Chromosomal location of genes controlling seed proteins in species related to wheat (1981)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 25-31 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Seed proteins ; Wheat ; Barley ; Rye ; Ae. umbellulata ; Ag. elongatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seed proteins of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat stocks which possess single chromosomes from other plant species related to wheat have been separated by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Marker protein bands have been detected for both arms of barley chromosome 5, chromosome E (= 1R) and B (= 2R) of rye, chromosomes A,B (= 1Cu) and C (= 5Cu) of Aegilops umbellulata and chromosomes I and III of Agropyron elongatum. These studies, and previous findings, indicate that chromosome 5 of barley, chromosome 1R of rye, chromosome I of Ag. elongatum and possibly chromosome 1Cu of Ae. umbellulata are similar to chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D in hexaploid wheat in that they carry genes controlling prolamins on their short arms and genes controlling high-molecular-weight (apparent molecular weight greater than 86,000) seed protein species on their long arms. These findings support the idea that all these chromosomes are derived from a common ancestral chromosome and that they have maintained their integrity since their derivation from that ancestral chromosome.
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    Observed and hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of some genotypes of wheat (1981)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 85-88 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Leaf rust ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypothetical leaf rust progress curves of 15 genotypes of wheat were generated by integrating the components of slow rusting resistance determined in the glasshouse. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) from the hypothetical and observed leaf rust progress curves were compared. It was found that the hypothetical AUDPC values of all the genotypes studied were smaller than their respective observed AUDPC values. Possible causes for the discrepancies in the observed and hypothetical values are discussed.
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    Race-specific interactions between wheat genotypes and Indian cultures of stem rust (1981)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene expression ; Resistance ; Local virulence ; Stem rust ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Near isogenic/substitution lines of stem rust resistance genes in different backgrounds of ‘Marquis’, ‘Chinese Spring’ and W 2691 and certain varieties with known genes for stem rust resistance were tested against each of 19 Indian cultures of stem rust races/biotypes (14, 15, 17, 21, 21A-1, 24, 34, 40, 40A, 42, 42B, 117, 117A, 117A-1, 122, 184, 194, 222 and 295). Sr 24 (‘Sear's 3D/Ag’), Sr 24 (TR 380-27 4/3 Ag 14-White seeded recombinant with ‘Agent’ type resistance), Sr 25 (‘Sear's 7D/Ag’), Sr 26 (‘Eagle’), Sr 26 (Knott's 6A/Ag translocation), Sr 27 (WRT 238-5), Combination line (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9b) were observed to be completely effective against all the 19 cultures tested. In addition, a number of lines, such as TAF2d (Sr Agi), Line W(Sr Tt2) and Combination III (Sr Tt1 + Sr 9e), were found to be effective against at least three of the most prevalent races (21, 40A and 117A-1) and a virulent race 122 in Indian natural population. Lines carrying genes other than Sr 2, Sr 9a, Sr 9f (‘Chinese Spring’) and Sr 15 (‘Norka’), and Line E were found to be resistant to one or more cultures of stem rust. The background effect upon the expression of a gene was observed by comparing the range of infection on single gene host lines in either different backgrounds and/or in cultivars with known genes for stem rust resistance against the 12 cultures of stem rust races found in India.
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    An analysis of genes for resistance against two Indian cultures of stem rust races of two bread wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 157-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; Stem rust resistance ; Inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two bread wheat accessions, E5008 and E6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against Indian cultures of stem rust races, 15C and 122. The inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the F1 and F2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, ‘Agra Local’) and F2 progenies from the backcross to ‘Agra Local’. Tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. The identity of the genes for resistance has been established from relevant crosses with single gene lines carrying known genes for resistance. A single dominant gene effective to race 15C in E5008 has been demonstrated to be Sr9b. Of the two recessive genes, each producing distinct infection types (0; and 1–3) against race 122, one gene has been inferred to be Sr12 and the second to be a hitherto undesignated gene. The resistance of E6160 against race 15C is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive. The dominant gene has been identified as Sr9b. The recessive gene has been inferred to be a new gene. Similarly, a dominant gene effective against race 122 in E6160 has been observed to be different from those so far designated. In addition, the presence of modifier gene/s in the variety, E6160 has been suggested.
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    Inheritance of glutenin protein subunits of wheat (1981)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 333-337 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Seed proteins ; Glutenin protein ; subunits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin protein subunits in hexaploid wheat has been investigated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the segregation of these subunits in 496 test-cross seeds. The parents of the f1 hybrid were chosen so that the test-cross seeds segregated for all the HMW glutenin bands. Two glutenin subunits from one parent, believed to be controlled by genes on chromosome 1D, segregated as alternatives to two glutenin subunits from the other parent, a result that supports the assumption that these subunits are controlled by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. Similar results were obtained for glutenin subunits believed to be controlled by chromosome IB, which suggests that these subunits are controlled also by allelic genes at each of two loci that are very closely linked. A single glutenin subunit band, believed to be controlled by chromosome 1A, segregated as an alternative to a single glutenin band from the other parent, except that one seed did not possess either band. It was concluded that these bands are controlled either by allelic genes or by nonallelic genes that are very closely linked.
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    Cytogenetic structure of common wheat cultivars from or introduced into Spain (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 129-133 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Interchange ; Chromosome arrangements ; Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosome arrangements of twenty-eight cultivars of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., from or introduced into Spain are compared with that of ‘Chinese Spring’ taken as a pattern. All the cultivars analyzed differ from ‘Chinese Spring’ by one or two reciprocal translocations. When 12 out of 28 cultivars were compared it was concluded that a minimum number of thirteen interchanges are present, involving at least ten different chromosomes of the complement. The interest of a reappraisal of the rôle of interchanges in the evolution of Gramineae is pointed out.
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    N-banding in Triticum aestivum following feulgen hydrolysis (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 337-339 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; ‘Chinese Spring’ ; Chromosome banding ; Hydrolysis ; Feulgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Terminal and/or interstitial N-bands were produced on the seven B-genome chromosomes and chromosomes 4 and 7 of the A-genome of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ by a modified BSG technique following a standard Feulgen preparation. The banding was accomplished by modifying the barium hydroxide treatment.
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    Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (E.C. 1.1.1.1) in callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 45-48 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Callus cultures ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Isoenzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases ADH-1 and ADH-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as Adh-1 and Adh-2 located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, have been reported in aestivum wheat (Hart 1980). Only ADH-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. ADH-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiated calli from aestivum and durum wheats, rye, triticale and also in in vitro regenerated roots and leaves from aestivum cultures. Wheat callus cultures originating from seed, mature and immature embryos, mesocotyl and root, as well as cultures grown on media containing different supplements did not show any variation in the overall expression of ADH-1 or ADH-2, although differences in the band intensities were observed. The callus isoenzyme pattern was similar to that observed in roots under anaerobic conditions. Both ADH-1 and ADH-2 were expressed in in vitro regenerated roots but were absent in regenerated leaves. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 in wheat calli seems to be related to the type of differentiation.
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    Predicting the frequencies of transgressive segregants for yield and yield components in wheat (1982)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 127-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Genetical analysis ; Cross prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetical analysis of the F2 triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F6 lines previously developed by single seed descent. For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population. These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.
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    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3 in wheat, I. Reduced pre-harvest damage to breadmaking quality (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
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    Genetic control of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isozymes in cultivated wheat and rye (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 317-320 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivatives were determined. Two genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms CRL (4 RL) and FRL (6 RL) of “Imperial” rye. On the basis of differential interactions between wheat and rye chromosomes, evidence was obtained that genes located on chromosomes 6 A, 6 BL and 7 BL control 6-PGD isozyme activities in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The wheat and rye 6-PGD zymogram phenotypes were indicative of homoeologous relationships between rye chromosome 6 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 6, and rye chromosome 4 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 7.
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    The purification and characterization of homologous high molecular weight storage proteins from grain of wheat, rye and barley (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW storage prolamins ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Characterization and purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Homologous high molecular weight storage prolamins were purified from grain of wheat, rye and barley using combinations of gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the components were single bands with apparent mol.wts. of above 100,000. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation were considerably lower; 54,700, 67,600 and 69,600 for the components from barley, rye and wheat respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of 13.6 to 16.5 mol% glycine, 29.6 to 34.0 mol% glutamate + glutamine, 11.4 to 13.7 mol% proline and a total of 4.0 to 5.7 mol% basic amino acids. Automated N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the component from wheat showed the presence of cysteine residues at positions 5 and 10, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of these proteins in the visco-elastic gluten network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275097
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    C-banded wheat chromosomes in wheat and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Triticale ; Heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The C-banding patterns of wheat chromosomes in 7 hexaploid triticale and 7 wheat genotypes are described and compared. All 14 wheat chromosome pairs were individually identified in the triticales and a tetraploid wheat, and all the B and two A genome chromosome pairs in the hexaploid wheat genotypes. Little variation was found between genotypes in the distribution of C-bands but considerable variation was found in their size, total number and total length.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303488
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    Relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes determined by chromosome pairing and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in common wheat background (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 213-217 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Agropyron ; Chromosome pairing ; Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-Agropyron addition series were determined. Chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines TAF-2 and L7 of ‘Vilmorin’-A. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines P and C of the ‘Caribo’-A. intermedium set respectively. Localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in ‘Vilmorin’-Agropyron addition line L4 and in ‘Caribo’-Agropyron line O indicated relationships with wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303996
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    The wheat ribosomal DNA spacer region: Its structure and variation in populations and among species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 337-348 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; rDNA ; Sequence ; Populations ; Variation ; Spacer region ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wheat rDNA clone pTA250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. The 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. The sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °C shift in Tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. This corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequence per ΔTm of 1 °C. The sensitivity of the Tm analysis using cloned sequences facilitated the analysis of small sequence variations in the spacer region of different Triticum aestivum cultivars and natural populations of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (referred to as T. dicoccoides). In addition spacer length variation was assayed by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with spacer sequence probes. Extensive polymorphism was observed for the spacer region in various cultivars of T. aestivum, although within each cultivar the rDNA clusters were homogeneous and could be assigned to particular chromosomes. Within natural populations of T. dicoccoides polymorphism was also observed but, once again, within any one individual the rDNA clusters appeared to be homogeneous. The polymorphism, at the sequence level (assayed by Tm analysis), was not so great as to prevent the use of spacer sequence variation as a probe for evolutionary relationships. The length variation as assayed by restriction enzyme digestion did not appear to be as useful in this regard, since its range of variation was extensive even within populations of a species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303905
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    Chromosome and nucleotide sequence differentiation in genomes of polyploid Triticum species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 349-360 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; Nucleotides ; Evolution ; Polyploids ; Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nature of genome change during polyploid evolution was studied by analysing selected species within the tribe Triticeae. The levels of genome changes examined included structural alterations (translocations, inversions), heterochromatinization, and nucleotide sequence change in the rDNA regions. These analyses provided data for evaluating models of genome evolution in polyploids in the genus Triticum, postulated on the basis of chromosome pairing at metaphase I in interspecies hybrids. The significance of structural chromosome alterations with respect to reduced MI chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids was assayed by determining the incidence of heterozygosity for translocations and paracentric inversions in the A and B genomes of T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum (referred to as T. araraticum) represented by two lines, 1760 and 2541, and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Line 1760 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 4B, 7B and possibly 2B. Line 2541 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 3A, 6A, 6B and possibly 2B. Line 1760 also differed from Chinese Spring by paracentric inversions in arms 1AL and 4AL whereas line 2541 differed by inversions in 1BL and 4AL (not all chromosomes arms were assayed). The incidence of structural changes in the A and B genomes did not coincide with the more extensive differentiation of the B genomes relative to the A genomes as reflected by chromosome pairing studies. To assay changing degrees of heterochromatinization among species of the genus Triticum, all the diploid and polyploid species were C-banded. No general agreement was observed between the amount of heterochromatin and the ability of the respective chromosomes to pair with chromosomes of the ancestral species. Marked changes in the amount of heterochromatin were found to have occurred during the evolution of some of the polyploids. The analysis of the rDNA region provided evidence for rapid “fixation” of new repeated sequences at two levels, namely, among the 130 bp repeated sequences of the spacer and at the level of the repeated arrays of the 9 kb rDNA units. These occurred both within a given rDNA region and between rDNA regions on nonhomologous chromosomes. The levels of change in the rDNA regions provided good precedent for expecting extensive nucleotide sequence changes associated with differentiation of Triticum genomes and these processes are argued to be the principal cause of genome differentiation as revealed by chromosome pairing studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303906
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    Study on nuclear and cytoplasmic genome expression in wheat by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops species ; Alloplasmic lines ; 2D gel electrophoresis ; Cytoplasmic inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this first analysis the protein patterns obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 8 day-old leaves from 18 alloplasmic wheat lines are compared. From 440 spots retained on the basis of their reproducibility, 36 proteins were observed to vary in different cytoplasms, allowing us to distinguish the T. aestivum cytoplasm from 5 Aegilops cytoplasms. Twenty-four of the 36 variable proteins could be structurally related to the large subunit of RuBPCase. Nuclear variation between 3 wheat varieties was observed for 14 proteins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281838
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    Chloroplast DNA and cytoplasmic male-sterility (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 231-238 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Wheat ; Rape ; Restriction fragments ; Two dimensional electrophoresis ; Melting profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the relationship of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS) of maize, wheat and rape. Intramolecular heterogeneity and fragment patterns of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases were compared and analyzed. For this purpose methods of agarose gel electrophoresis and two dimensional gel electrophoresis with denaturating solvent concentration gradients were applied. 1) Heat denaturation of ctDNA from a male sterile line in maize yielded a profile with three melting regions. This base sequence heterogeneity was not observed for the ctDNA of its maintainer. 2) Maize ctDNA was digested with EcoR1 and BamH1 restriction endonucleases, wheat and rape ctDNA with EcoR1 only. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of the fragment patterns from the sterile lines and their maintainers with the exception of the sterile line in rape which lacked one fragment present in its maintainer. 3) Two dimensional electrophoresis using a gradient of denaturing agents revealed several differences in number and relative positions of the separated restriction endonuclease fragments between the sterile lines and their respective maintainers in all three tested crops. This raises the possibility that changes in ctDNA may be involved in CMS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303770
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    Cytogenetic relationship ofAegilops longissima chromosomes with common wheat chromosomes (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops longissima ; Cytogenetics ; homoeologous relationships ; chromosome substitutions ; translocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationships of three wheat-Aegilops longissima chromosome addition lines A, C, and D with homoeologous wheat chromosomes were studied in PMC meiosis. Substitutions of alien chromosome A for wheat chromosome 6 B, chromosome C for 1 B and chromosome D for 4 B were obtained. The production of 4 BS/C and 7 BS/D chromosome translocations indicated cytogenetic relationships of C partially to homoeologous wheat chromosomes of group 1 and 4, and D partially to homoeologous wheat chromosomes of group 4 and 7.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984027
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    The development of the wheat embryo in relation to the neighbouring tissues (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Embryo ; Endosperm ; Scutellum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The overall morphology of the developing wheat embryo in relation to its neighbouring tissues is described. The embryo is “isolated” early in development, but appears to be a powerful sink for nutrients. It is supplied initially by hydrolysis of the nucellar parenchyma and later by hydrolysis of neighbouring endosperm cells, which are completely digested. Later on, the nucellar epidermis forms specialised cells that may be transfer cells opposite the groove at the base of the embryo. The accumulation of starch and protein appears to begin first in the basal tissues of the scutellum and coleorhiza.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279863
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    Callus induction and growth from the mature embryo ofTriticum aestivum (Wheat) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 104-113 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cereals ; Embryo culture ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell proliferation from the mature embryo of wheat occurs on a defined medium in the presence of 2,4-D. Unorganized growth is observed when the 2,4-D concentration is equal to or greater than 2 mg/l, but increasing levels of 2,4-D inhibit cell division. Cell divisions begin after 4 days in culture from parenchyma cells within and near the procambial tissues of the embryo axis. By day 8 continuous meristematic zones are formed in association with vascular tissues, and DNA synthesis and cell divisions are distributed throughout these zones. No morphological evidence exists to show that these zones consist of proliferating root primordia, which are formed only after the level of 2,4-D falls below some critical concentration. When the concentration of 2,4-D is lowered, the meristematic zones first become dissected and then give rise to many root meristems.
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    Improved efficiency and normalization of somatic embryogenesis inTriticum aestivum (wheat) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 40-44 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Tissue culture ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures derived from the scutellum of immature embryos ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) gave rise to somatic embryos with a well-defined scutellum and coleoptile as well as one or more shoot primordia and a root primordium. The normal somatic embryos were formed from compact, white callus tissue which was not observed until 4 or more weeks after culture initiation. The highest frequency of white embryogenic tissue formation and the most normal embryoids were obtained in the dark on Murashige and Skoog's medium with twice the concentration of inorganic salts plus sucrose (2%), inositol (100–200 mg/l), casein hydrolysate (100–200 mg/l), glutamine (500 mg/l), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1–2 mg/l).
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    Purification of lumicolchicine for use in studies of plant development (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Colchicine ; Lumicolchicine ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lumicolchicine was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Tests for purity were ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, analytical thin-layer chromatography, and a bioassay using wheat roots. Wheat roots treated for 3 days with 10−3 M lumicolchicine showed no c-mitosis, but had reduced growth compared with controls.
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    The validity of the lead precipitation technique for the localization of ATPase activity in plant cells (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 104 (1980), S. 193-200 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Analytical electron microscopy ; ATPase cytochemistry ; Plasma membrane ; Ricinus communis ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The claim that osmium-containing deposits which lack lead are frequently and incorrectly interpreted as enzymatic reaction products in lead precipitation techniques for ATPase localization in plants is without foundation. Proper controls clearly demonstrate the enzymatic origin of membrane-located deposits and the presence of lead is confirmed by analytical electron microscopy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279767
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    Effect of phytohormones on chlorophyll degradation during aging of chloroplastsin vivo andin vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 105 (1980), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Aging ; Chloroplast ; Phytohormones ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phytohormones like IAA and kinetin inhibit chlorophyll loss during aging of wheat chloroplasts duringin vivo andin vitro. GA, on the other hand, stimulates the pigment degradation during aging of attached leaves in contrast to its senescence inhibiting action in detached leaves and isolated chloroplasts. A shift in optimum concentration of hormone in inhibiting chlorophyll degradation suggests a differential pool size of endogenous hormone regulating aging of chloroplastsin vivo andin vitro. The retardation of chlorophyll loss by kinetin, IAA and GA during aging of chloroplastsin vitro would indicate that the effect of hormones in preventing yellowing of senescing leaves may be mediated through their direct action on chloroplasts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279845
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    Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat): Evidence for somatic embryogenesis (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 110 (1982), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Inflorescence ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Triticwn aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) initiated from young inflorescences and immature embryos possessed the potential for regeneration of whole plants. Both a friable and a compact type of callus were produced on Murashige and Skoog's medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The friable callus contained meristematic centers in which the peripheral cells ceased dividing, elongated, and could be easily separated. Roots were frequently formed in this type of callus. The compact, yellowish, and nodular callus arose from the epithelial and sub-epithelial cells of the embryo scutellum, and the rachis and glumes of the young inflorescence. Such callus had a smooth surface and characteristic chlorophyllous areas. Plants were regenerated only from the compact callus. The first sign of differentiation in the compact callus was the formation of a cleft or notch on the smooth surface, followed by the appearance of trichomes and the direct development of leafy structures which were not associated initially with any shoot meristems. Multiple shoots subsequently arose at the bases of the leafy structures, which are considered modifications of the scutellum, a definitive part of the cereal embryo. Accordingly, we suggest that while typical bipolar embryos are generally not formed, plant regeneration nevertheless takes place through embryogenesis and the precocious germination of the embryoids. Plants regenerated from immature embryo and inflorescence cultures were grown to maturity in soil, and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n=6x=42.
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    Yield reduction in wheat in relation to leaf necrosis caused by Septoria tritici (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 87-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Wheat ; Septoria ; epidemiology ; crop loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In 1980 werden inoculaties verricht metSeptoria tritici in een veldproef met wintertarwe ‘Okapi’. De bladnecrose-voortschrijdingscurves werden bepaald. De S-vormige curves konden getransformeerd worden tot logit-lijnen. De geïnoculeerde en niet geïnoculeerde objecten verschilden aanzienlijk in de hellingen van de logit-lijnen. De halfwaardetijden varieerden al naar inoculatiedosis en vochtbehandeling na inoculatie. De verschillen in opbrengst (kg ha−1) waren significant voor geïnoculeerd tegenover niet-geïnoculeerd. De opbrengstderving van 878 kg ha−1 (gelijk aan 12% van de niet-geïnoculeerde controle 7045 kg ha−1)werd volledig verklaard door de vermindering van het korrelgewicht. De schade is aanzienlijk voor een cultivar die niet bijzonder vatbaar is. De opbrengstderving correleerde goed met de hoeveelheid necrose waargenomen bij de ontwikkelingsstadia DC=75 en DC=77. De necrose geïntegreerd over de tijd correleerde goed met de verlaging van het korrelgewicht.
    Notes: Abstract In 1980, field inoculations withSeptoria tritici were performed on winter wheat cv. Okapi. Leaf necrosis progress curves were established; they were sigmoid and could be transformed into logit lines. There was a great difference in the slope of the logit lines between inoculated plots and non-inoculated controls. The mid-time values varied according to inoculum dosage and post-inoculation humidity treatment. Yields (kg ha−1) and average grain weights (mg grain−1) differed significantly between inoculated and non-inoculated plots, but seldom among inoculation treatments. Decrease of average grain weight completely explained yield loss, which was 878 kg ha−1 or 12% of control (7045 kg ha−1). This crop loss is considerable for a cultivar which is not particularly susceptible. A good correlation was found between the amount of necrosis at development stages DC=75 and 77 and yield depression. The integral of necrosis over time gave a high correlation with loss of kernel weight.
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    Assimilation of uranium by wheat and tomato plants (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Assimilation ; Deficiency ; Irrigation ; Soil ; Tomato ; Toxicity ; Uranium concentration ; Wheat ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Greenhouse conditions have been used for the study of uptake of uranium by wheat and tomato plants as affected by its concentration in soil and irrigation applied. The highest yield of wheat was obtained at 3.0 ppm of uranium whereas the tomato yield decreased with the increase of uranium in the soil. The analysis shows that Uranium uptake by wheat and tomato not only depends upon the uranium concentration in the soil but also on the amount of irrigation applied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149708
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    Estimation of root densities by observation tubes and endoscope (1983)
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    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 295-300 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Endoscope ; Potatoes ; Root density ; Root length ; Soil core ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It was determined experimentally whether the amount of roots, viewed by endoscope in observation tubes (cm cm−2) is related to root density (cm cm−3) in adjacent bulk soil, determined by core sampling. For wheat plants the results can be summarized by the equation: root length (cm cm−2, endoscope)=0.29 times root density (cm cm−3, soil cores). Results for potato plants could not be interpreted as unequivocally as for wheat.
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    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 77-94 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nutrients ; Oxygen ; Roots ; Soil ; Toxins ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of waterlogging on concentrations of gases and various solutes dissolved in the soil water were investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether the early disruption to the growth of wheat was most closely associated with depletion of dissolved oxygen, accumulation of toxins, or changes in concentrations of nutrient ions in the soil water. Waterlogging slowed shoot fresh weight accumulation, leaf extension and nodal root growth; it also caused death of the seminal root system and early senescence of the lower leaves. However, the shoot dry weight initially increased above that of the non-waterlogged controls, and thus was not a reliable indicator of the early restriction to plant growth and development. The symptoms of damage to shoots and roots were attributed to the fall in soil oxygen concentrations, rather than to any decrease in concentration of inorganic nutrients in the soil water, or to the accumulation of any other measured solutes to toxic concentrations.
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    Root exudates of plants (1980)
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    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 69-83 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Concentration gradient ; Exudates ; Pseudomonas putida ; Root exudation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The release of substances from wheat roots was found to be directly related to the growth of the root system. Plants whose root system did not grow released almost no exudates. When exudate concentration in the vicinity of the roots was lowered by frequent replacements of the nutrient solution or by a simultaneous cultivation of exudate-utilizing bacteria, the release of exudates was enhanced. In axenic wheat cultures, the amount of exudates during a 12-day cultivation with 2- or 4-day intervals between medium replacements represented 50% of root dry weight and 12% of whole plant dry weight. Wheat plants cultivated in the presence of the bacteriumPseudomonas putida released up to double the amount of exudates compared with axenic variants.
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    Effect of soil temperature alteration by soil covers on seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sown on two dates (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mulch ; Polyethylene sheet ; Seedling emergence ; Soil temperature ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil temperature altered by various ways of soil coveringviz control (T1), transparent polyethylene (T2), black polyethylene (T3), rice straw (T4), rice straw applied only during night (T5) and farm yard manure (T6) on seedling emergence of wheat sown on November 30, 1978 and January 6, 1979. Maximum increase in soil temperature occurred under transparent polyethylene cover. Temperature alterations were relatively smaller under other treatments and was minimum under farm yard manure cover. With both sowings, the effect of various ways of soil covering on seedling emergence depended on the magnitude of soil temperature alteration caused by them. It was hastened markedly under transparent polyethylene cover and only slightly under black polyethylene cover. Continuous soil covering with rice straw slowed down seedling emergence while covering only during night hastened it slightly. Farm yard manure cover showed negligible effect on seedling emergence. Seedling emergence response to an increase in soil temperature was higher with second sowing when temperature was relatively lower than with first sowing. The result suggests the possibility of expediting seedling emergence of wheat sown under low temperature condition by transparent polyethylene cover. Seedling emergence was only slightly influenced by other soil covers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139648
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    Resistance to water flow in the intracoleoptile internode of wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Intracoleoptile internode ; Water uptake ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Measurements of xylem vessel number and radii in the seminal roots and intra-coleoptile internode (I.C.I.) of five wheat genotypes showed that the conducting capacity of the I.C.I. was close to the main seminal axis, and would restrict flow when the usual 3–5 seminal axes contributed to uptake. The length and hence resistance of the I.C.I. increased with sowing depth, whilst xylem diameter also fell in two genotypes, which would further restrict flow. The resistance per unit length of I.C.I., assuming Poiseuille flow, was 4×10−4 cm−4 day MPa. A pressure drop of 0.15 MPa along an I.C.I. 5 cm long would be required to maintain transpiration under typical field conditions in southern Australia in spring. In a second study of eleven wheat varieties sown up to 10 cm deep, maximum I.C.I. length ranged from 3.6–6.8 cm amongst varieties with similar maximum coleoptile lengths (6–8 cm). Thus considerable variation in hydraulic resistance may be achieved by the appropriate combination of genotype and planting depth. It was concluded that potentially useful differences in the rate of subsoil water use could result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183597
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  • 86
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    Natural (non-pathogenic) death of the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots, as evidenced by nuclear staining with acridine orange (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 255-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acridine orange ; Barley ; Cerelas ; Microdochium bolleyi ; Nuclear staining ; Phialophora radicicola ; Rhizosphere ; Root cortex death ; Take-all ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nuclear staining with acridine orange was used to assess cell viability in the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots from glasshouse and field experiments. Results from this method correlated well with nuclear assessments made in unstained or Feulgen-stained roots, and other evidence is presented to support the validity of the method. The pattern of root cortex death (RCD) was similar in wheat and barley and consistent over a wide range of conditions. Behind the extending root tip and zone of nucleate root hairs, nuclei disappeared progressively from the outer five (of six) cortical cell layers of the root axes, starting in the epidermis. Stainable nuclei remained in the sixth cell layer, next to the endodermis, and in most cell layers around the bases of root laterals and in a small region immediately below the grain. The onset of cell death was apparently related more to the age of a root region than to its distance behind the root tip, and it was not closely correlated with endodermal or stelar development assessed by staining with phloroglucinol/HCl. The rate of RCD was much faster in wheat than barley in both glasshouse and field conditions, and faster in some spring wheat cultivars than in others in the glasshouse. RCD occurred in sterile vermiculite and perlite and was not enhanced by the presence of soil microorganisms; nor was it enhanced in soil by the addition of the non-pathogenic fungal parasitesPhialophora radicicola var..graminicola orMicrodochium bolleyi. RCD is suggested to be endogenously controlled by the amount of photosynthate reaching the cortex. Its implications for growth of soil microorganisms and especially for growth and biological control of root-infecting fungi are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374110
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  • 87
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    The effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen sources on copper uptake and amino acid status of cereals (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Copper ; Barley ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of different nitrogen sources (NH4, NO3, and NH4 NO3) on the uptake of copper by wheat and barley growing in solution culture were compared in three experiments. Both the copper concentration and weight gain of shoots and roots were found to decrease in the order NO3〉NH4 NO3〉NH4 irrespective of the solution copper concentration. Ammonium nitrogen was also found to decrease the copper concentration of wheat grown on a copper deficient soil compared with a nitrate source of nitrogen. Increasing concentrations of ammonium ions in solution culture caused ammonium toxicity and reduced both plant copper concentrations and vegetative yield. Biochemical investigations using paper chromatography revealed that the amino acid asparagine was the major detoxification product of ammonia in wheat. Copper deficient plants were found to have elevated levels of amino acids compared with controls, irrespective of the nitrogen source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374091
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  • 88
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    Natural senescence of the root cortex of spring wheat in relation to susceptibility to common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) and growth of a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acridine orange ; Cochliobolus sativus ; Common root rot ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nuclear staining ; Roots ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Natural senescence of the root cortex was assessed by nuclear staining, for cultivars and chromosome substitution lines of spring wheat known to differ in (1) susceptibility to common root rot, (2) total rhizosphere populations and (3) ability to support growth of a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Together, three root rot susceptible wheat lines showed significantly more cortical senescence than did three resistant lines; the susceptible lines also support larger rhizosphere populations. The wheat line that supports growth of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium showed significantly less cortical death than did any other line. Substitution of chromosome pairs 5B or 5D between the parent cultivars Rescue and Cadet substantially altered the amount of root cortex death, which is thus genetically determined. It is suggested thatCochliobolus sativus and other weak parasites benefit from early natural senescence of the root cortex, and that the degree of susceptibility or resistance of wheat lines to common root rot is at least partly determined by differences in cortical senescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203397
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  • 89
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    Use of triple-labelled nutrient solution to study the effects of root-infecting fungi on uptake of potassium, calcium and phosphorus by wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Hydroponics ; Ion uptake ; Radionuclides ; Root pathogens ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triple-labelled nutrient solution was used to compare the effects of seven root-infecting fungi on uptake of K, Ca and P by wheat. Plants grown in sand or hydroponic culture were transferred to solutions that contained42K,45Ca and32P for 24 h, then dried, ashed and digested in 6M HCl. To distinguish radiation emitted by42K,45Ca and32P plant digests were counted on two channels of a liquid scintillation counter immediately and 7 days later, after the decay of42K radiation. Plants infected byGaeumannomyces graminis took up and translocated less K, Ca and P to their shoots than uninfected plants. Other root-infecting fungi had little effect on uptake of these ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183807
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  • 90
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    Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372453
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  • 91
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    Effects of shading and powdery mildew infection on senescence of the root cortex and coleoptile of wheat and barley seedlings, and implications for root- and foot-rot fungi (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Nuclear staining ; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ; Root rot ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining methods were used to study natural senescence of the root cortex and coleoptile of wheat and barley seedlings grown in glasshouse conditions. Coleoptiles of barley senesced more slowly than those of wheat, paralleling the known difference in rates of root cortex senescence in these cereals. The coleoptiles and root cortices of both cereals senesced more slowly in shaded than in unshaded conditions, but infection of the shoots of barley byErysiphe graminis had little effect on root cortex senescence. The results are discussed in relation to infection by root- and foot-rot fungi. Previous reports on the effects of illumination on take-all infection (Gaeumannomyces graminis) are explained. It is suggested that natural senescence of the coleoptile might affect establishment of infection by the eyespot fungus,Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, either directly or through the activities of competing microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372461
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  • 92
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    A comparison of a tissue solubilization method with a combustion method for liquid scintillation counting of14C-labelled soil (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 14C-labelled plant material ; 14C-labelled soil ; Root exudation ; Sample oxidizer ; Scintillation counting ; Sutton series soil ; Tissue solubilization ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparison between a tissue solubilization method and a sample oxidizer technique to measure14C in plant and soil material is described. The solubilization method although not quantitative gives good recoveries and reproducible values of14C-content with soil samples not exceeding 10 mg and should be of value for estimating the14C-content of soils in laboratories without a sample oxidizer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182941
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  • 93
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    The behaviour of roots encountering cracks in soil (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cracks ; Crack width ; Lateral roots ; Pea ; Penetration ; Penetrometer ; Rape ; Remoulded soil ; Roots ; Safflower ; Seminal axes ; Soil strength ; Undisturbed soil ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Experimental methods are described for observing the behaviour of roots encountering cracks in soil. The proportions of roots which enter a second soil block after crossing a crack of known width were measured. Soil strength was measured with a penetrometer. Results are presented for the proportions of seminal roots of wheat and primary lateral roots of pea which enter moulded soil of various strengths after crossing cracks. Results are also presented for the proportions of seminal roots of pea, rape and safflower which enter undisturbed soil after crossing cracks. It was found that, in all cases, the proportion of roots penetrating the second soil block decreased with increasing crack width and increasing soil strength. Also, a smaller proportion of thinner roots penetrated the second soil block than thicker roots under similar conditions. Root diameter in the cracks was influenced by both crack width and soil strength, and an empirical equation is presented to describe this effect.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182918
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    Selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Septoria nodorum ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; glume blotch ; resistance ; tolerance ; escape ; selection ; selection indexes ; phenotypic correlations ; genotypic correlations ; heritability ; grain yield ; heading date ; plant height ; seed weight ; seed weight %
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A population of 572 F2 derived F3 lines from six crosses were used to estimate parameters relevant to selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum of wheat. Lines were grown in disease free (fungicide sprayed) and inoculated microplots in 2 replications of a split-plot design in a single environment in 1977. Average yield reduction due to disease was approximately 50%; this was associated with an average septoria score of 50% on the flag leaf, an average septoria score of 42% on the head, and a reduction of 37% in seed weight. Low S. nodorum scores were correlated with late heading date, tall plant height, high grain yield, and high seed weight in diseased plots, and high seed weight % (seed weight in diseased plots expressed as a percentage of seed weight in fungicide sprayed plots). Restricted selection indexes were used to study the relative contributions of disease escape, true resistance, and tolerance to variability in grain yield in diseased plots, seed weight in diseased plots, and seed weight %. True resistance appeared to be the most important factor causing variation in grain yield in diseased plots and seed weight %. Tolerance and escape seemed to be more important for seed weight in diseased plots. Heritabilities of S. nodorum scores on the flag leaf and head were 63% and 52%, respectively. Leaf and head scores could be used most effectively as selection criteria to upgrade resistance in a population before harvest. Selection for high seed weight % slightly reduced yields in disease free plots, although yield in diseased plots and seed weight in diseased plots were increased. However, selection for increased yield or increased seed weight in diseased plots improved yield in disease free plots. It is suggested that direct selection for yield or seed weight in diseased plots is likely to achieve more desirable goals than selection for seed weight %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025132
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    Selection for yield in small plots of spring wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 549-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four selection experiments were sown: single-row plots with single row-spacing (≃20 cm), single-row plots with double row spacing (≃40 cm), three-row plots and six-row plots both with single row-spacing (≃20 cm). Selection entries were mimiced by 16 different varieties or advanced breeding lines, which were also sown in a yield trial. Each experiment was laid out as a 4-times replicated randomized block design. Row length was 2 m. Alley borders and border-rows of multiple-row plots were harvested separately to evaluate the effects of different harvesting procedures on the selection efficiency. Removal of alley borders was found to be disadvantageous, since the gain in precision was more than offset by the loss in sampled area. Wide spacing of single-row plots improved the selection efficiency in comparison with normal spaced single-row plots. In multiple-row plots the selection efficiency was not improved by harvesting only the central rows. For gross plot yield (= yield of net plot + yield of alley borders) the differences in selection efficiency between the various selection plot-types were explained on the basis of the genetic variance, the environmental variance and the coefficient of genetic correlation with ‘farm’ yield as determined in the yield trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039193
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    Evidence for basic homology between wheat and rye chromosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hexaploid triticale ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; heterochromatin ; chromosome association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivar Rosner chromosome 2R lacks the prominent heterochromatic bands of both telomeres. This modified 2R chromosome is capable of pairing in a high frequency with wheat chromosomes. It is hypothesized that the accumulation of heterochromatin at the telomeres of rye chromosomes may have contributed to the isolation of the wheat and rye genera by inhibiting pairing between wheat and rye chromosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036882
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  • 97
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    Should selection for yield in saline regions be made on saline or non-saline soils? (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021452
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    Relationship between kernel color and protein content of hard red x hard white winter wheat progeny (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; kernel color ; protein content ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Utilization of high-protein hard red wheat germplasm in breeding high-protein hard white winter wheats for the U.S. Great Plains raised concern regarding possible genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Segregating F3 and F4 populations from reciprocal crosses and backcrosses involving high-protein hard red winter wheat cultivar Plainsman V and normal-protein hard white winter wheat line KS75216 were examined. Nonsignificant regression and correlation coefficients in the F3 generations of KS75216/Plainsman V, KS75216//KS75216/Plainsman V and Plainsman V//KS75216/Plainsman V indicated the absence of genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Therefore, despite the presence of genes for protein content and kernel color on the same chromosomes (3A, 3B and 3D), kernel color and protein content appeared as independent traits. A small but significant negative relationship between white kernel color and high protein in Plainsman V/KS75216 was attributable to the possible presence of alien genetic material in the parentage of Plainsman V. Chi-square tests indicated that Plainsman V is a mixture of genotypes for kernel color; most genotypes carry two dominant genes for red color and a few carry one or three. Genetic control of grain protein appeared to be complex. Partial dominance for high protein was indicated in the F3 generation but a generally continuous distribution and transgressive segregation also suggested other genes functioned additively. Heritability estimates by parent-offspring (F3-F4) regression were sufficiently high to ensure genetic progress in the selection of high-protein lines in the red x white wheat crosses. We concluded that development of high-protein cultivars is as feasible for white wheats as for red wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021475
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    The character brown ear of bread wheat: A review (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; ear colour ; glume colour ; genetics ; linkage ; chromosomal location ; geographical distribution ; homeoallelic genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A summary of the brown ear character of bread wheat is presented. In most varieties this character is conditioned by a (semi)dominant gene identified as Rg on 1BS. This gene seems to be widespread, from the viewpoint of evolution, probably because it is an ‘old’ gene. There are no indications that the presence of the gene and hence the presence of a brown ear is advantageous or disadvantageous to the carrier wheat plant. Some linkage relations are described. More research is needed to establish whether all varieties with one gene for brown ear carry Rg, to investigate the varieties with a non-monogenic genetic system and to identify more associations between brown ear and other characters. It should also further be investigated whether within T. spelta another gene for brown ear is present and, if so, whether this gene is on chromosome 1AS and linked to Hgl, the gene for hairy glume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021438
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  • 100
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    The impact of plant physiology on Australian wheat breeding (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant physiology ; plant breeding ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Major changes in the behaviour of the Australian wheat crop over the last one hundred years have been associated with three major gene groupings. The significance of major genes in monitoring response to vernalization, photoperiod and gibberellin, reveals a more optimistic future for breeding programmes where simple genetic and physiologic studies are integrated within those programmes. A revised classification of growth habit is presented in the appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042154
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