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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Image contrast ; Inelastic scattering ; Thick specimens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: For scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images obtained with relatively small objective aperture sizes, the contrast of small objects contained within thick specimens may be considerably enhanced by using an off-axis detector aperture situated on the edge of the central beam spot. The effect is demonstrated for both crystalline and amorphous specimens. The effect arises because the detector collects part of the small angle inelastic scattering and is modified by refraction effects for specimens of rapidly changing thickness.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Synchronous digital image acquisition and scan generation (SDIASG) ; X-ray imaging ; Scanning transmission electron microscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: An intelligent interface has been designed to perform synchronous digital image acquistion and scan generation (SDIASG interface) for a microprocessor controlled Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (S(T)EM) with x-ray imaging. The SDIASG interface connects an LSI-11/2 microprocessor to a Philips EM400 electron microscope. The LSI-11/2 microprocessor is part of a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system. A system using the SDIASG interface is described. The system takes advantage of the SDIASG interface and a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system to realize new capabilities that optimize conditions for x-ray mapping.A low characteristic x-ray count rate is generated by the ultrathin specimens from which high resolution x-ray maps can be obtained (Shuman et al, 1976; Somlyo and Shuman, 1982). This low count rate necessitates a long image accumulation time, which in turn makes drift correction essential for maintaining spatial resolution. The new capabilities of the system described here consist of real-time display and summation of consecutive image and x-ray maps, and automatic return to a high speed imaging mode between consecutive x-ray map passes. The new capabilities combine to allow frequent correction for specimen drift between consecutive x-ray mapping passes while still permitting a long total accumulation time for the x-ray maps.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Digital image processing ; Laplacin filter ; Scanning electron microscopy ; High-resolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Certain digital image-processing methods, which are useful for nonperiodic structural images, have been applied to high-resolution SEM images for the improvement of resolution. Samples utilized in the present study consisted of magnetic tape coated with gold, T4 phage coated with gold-palladium, and uncoated specimens of Prolamellar body (PLB) in Cucurbita moschata. These images were blurred and otherwise disturbed by electronic noise, though the images were taken at the limit of efficiency of intrinsic instrument. The major image-processing tool was the Laplacian filter, which subtracts the Laplacian from the original image. Noise, which is a serious problem in digital processing of high-resolution SEM images, was suppressed by the nonlinear type smoothing method. Also, the noise was evaluated by an autocorrelation function and a power spectrum of the image. By using these methods of “deblurring” and noise removal, we achieved better resolution, and structural details of our biological specimens were revealed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: GACH ; Amino-resin ; SEM ; Preparation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Biological specimens can be prepared for scanning electron microscopy by means of copolymerizing the fixing agent glutaraldehyde with carbohydrazide prior to air drying. Such preparations are more stable in the electron microscope, show less internal cellular disruption and retain more of their native elemental composition than specimens prepared by means of dehydration and critical-point drying. Specimens observed in the scanning electron microscope can often be recovered for thin sectioning with no additional embedment, and can then be observed by means of transmission elecltron microscopy. The preparation (termed GACH) can be performed in almost any laboratory with no specialized equipment and, for the most part, may be carried out at room temperature. The technique appears to provide the promise of further research applications in scanning electron microscopy which may employ conjugated procedures of immunocytochemistry and cathodoluminescence as well as X-ray microanalysis in limited situations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 243-270 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Protein A-Gold ; Lowicryl ; Glycolmethacrylate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The postembedding protein A-gold immunocytochemical approach has been introduced as an alternative to other techniques for the ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites. The present review deals with the development, the theoretical background, and technical approach of the protein A-gold method as well as the different modifications introduced in order to enhance the resolution of the results and to perform double labelings on the same section. Various examples demonstrate the reliability and the wide range of application of this technique. In addition, some problems, pitfalls, and limitations particular to this method are reported.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular cell cultures ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for obtaining optimal, reproducible ultrastructure of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells in culture. Routinely grown cultures are prepared for TEM with a precise regimen of fixation, postfixation, en bloc staining, dehydration, and embedment. The most important aspects of this procedure are the following: (1) fixation with a percentage-gradient series of glutaraldehyde solutions at 37°C, (2) immediate postfixation with osmium tetroxide solution, and (3) block-staining with uranyl acetate solution to eliminate any extraction of constituents during subsequent processing.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 289-298 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Epithelial cell ; Membrane ; Ecto-ATPase ; Stain-replica ; Plasma polymerization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A stain-replica technique is described for cytochemical examination of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity over the membrane surface of monolayer cell cultures. Rat liver epithelial cells grown on a plastic substrate were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in situ in an ATPase-lead reaction medium, ethanol-dehydrated and air-dried. The cell surface of the monolayer cultures was replicated with plasma polymerization of hydrocarbon gas in the negative phase of glow discharge. X-ray microprobe analysis confirmed the site-specific deposition of lead phosphate in the polymer-replica films. The cytochemical localization of lead was mirrored in the replicas of epithelial cells, demonstrating that ATPase activity was expressed along the apical margins of cell-to-cell contacts. Little or no activity was present over the remainder of the smooth-surface membranes. In transformed epithelial cells, there were abundant reaction products over the microvilli and intercellular boundaries. These observations were consistent with biochemical data on the liver epithelial cells in culture and suggested the potential of surface-replica cytochemistry.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 373-385 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: TEM ; Parallax equation ; Freeze-etch ; Pt-C replication ; Hydrated spermidine-condensed DNA toruses ; Stereoheight measurements ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Stereoimaging of hydrated single complex macromolecules requires thin freeze-etch platinum-carbon replicas (≤200 Å) and that the transmission electron microscope (TEM) be equipped with a tilt-rotation eucentric goniometer stage. The original parallax equation is an accurate approximation for high-magnification work, micrographs (105 ×) being less than 0.3% in error. In addition, we have derived formulas for high-magnification work to measure heights, lateral distances, and the object tilt angle for an object not lying flat on the film surface. The accuracy of the height measurements is evaluated on spermidine-condensed DNA toruses. By using the maximum error equation derived from the original parallax equation, we discuss methods to improve the height measurement precision (95% fractile) to the 5-10 Å range.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cross-section specimen ; Thin films ; Interfaces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The structure and chemistry of thin solid films are best studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when they are viewed in cross-section - that is, when the surface normal of the film is made perpendicular to the electron beam. In this orientation, the substrate, the thin film layers, and the interfaces between them can be imaged either simultaneously or individually. Further, information from each of these regions remains distinct from that obtained from the others, eliminating the problems of superimposition that are a consequence of viewing a layered structure in the conventional manner (i.e., parallel to the surface normal). A technique for fabricating TEM specimens that can be viewed in cross-section is described here. Although the majority of our work is with silicon-based materials, the technique can be readily adapted to the study of other systems.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 387-398 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultramicrotomy ; Serial sectioning ; Electronmicroscopy ; Seria reconstruction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The process of serial sectioning for electron microscopy has been refined such that loss of thin sections is kept below 0.1% and the series is continued at will. The method relies on microscopic control of all manipulative steps, Formvar casting on plate glass for coated slot grids, coating of the block with contact cement for reliable ribboning, pickup by a one-step method with grid support in the diamond knife trough, staining in LKB grid holders, gentle treatment of grids in the electron microscope, and a slight modification to the microscope for safe grid withdrawal. The results are particularly applicable to the reconstruction of neuronal microcircuits and larger volumes of neuropil.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ceramics ; Electron microscopy ; Ion milling ; Specimen preparation ; Sputtering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ion bombardment to perforation is a common technique in the materials sciences by which thin specimens can be prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The process is not without complication and involves radiation damage to the specimen and tends not to preserve the initial specimen topology. Some of the more important facets of the ion-milling process, pertinent to such specimen preparations, are described.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 9-29 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Quick freezing ; Synaptic vesicles ; Cholinergic nerve terminals ; Electric organ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The limitations of chemical fixation in permitting the 1:1 quantitative correlations required for convincing ultrastructural explanations of cell biological processes are noted. We describe techniques for obtaining highly reproducible direct quick freezing on the polished surface of pure copper bars dipping into a static dewar of liquid N2. The importance and the ease of testing and obtaining bounce suppression with commerically available equipment is emphasized. Artefacts caused by tissue damage and bad freezing are illustrated, and a hitherto unrecognized population of presynaptic membrane attached vesicles is described in Torpedine electric organ. Between 15 and 20% of the synaptic vesicles are attached to ca. 30% of the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic terminal membrane. There is a close correlation between the occurrence of such attachments and the application of electrocyte basal lamina to the external face. We suggest that these vesicles are the ‘membrane operators,’ ‘vesigates,’ and ‘highly active subpopulation’ of vesicles whose existence has been invoked to explain biochemical data in other laboratories. We further speculate that relatively selective Ca pumping by this immediately submembranous population leads to displacement of acetylcholine (ACh) and reloading with newly synthesized ACh. The preferential release of the latter would then be expected.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 63-81 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Mask analysis ; Neuromuscular junction ; Acetylcholine receptor ; Junctional folds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Several methods of analyzing EM autoradiograms are now available. Two such procedures, the grain density distribution (or histogram) method and the mask method use the resolution of the EM autoradiographic technique to generate grain distributions expected from postulated sources, and compare these with the observed grains in the autoradiograms. These two methods are here compared in the analysis of label on linear sources: the distribution of labeled acetylcholine receptor (AChR) down the postjunctional folds of lizard and frog neuromuscular junctions. The receptors were labeled with I-25-α-bungarotoxin and the autoradiograms coated with the high resolution Kodak emulsion 129-01. We found that both methods gave similar results in confirming that the bulk of the AChR is concentrated on the thickened region of the membrane at the top ∼2000 A of the junctional folds, and that there may be a gradient of receptor concentration down the folds. The grain density distribution method is simpler, but does not lend itself easily to quantifying the extent of deviation from simple models. Although computer graphics is not necessary for either method, its use allows the expected grains from linear sources to be generated quickly, making the mask analysis a feasible routine method for assigning the extent of label in different membrane regions.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microprobe ; X-ray analysis ; Kidney physiology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present investigation describes a modification of the liquid droplet technique that allows for the quantitative elemental analysis of small volumes (〈 100 picoliters) of aqueous biologic samples using a scanning transmission electron microscope (Philips 400 HTG-STEM) equipped with an EDAX energy dispersive detector. Aliquots of samples and standards were micropipetted onto solid beryllium supports under paraffin oil. The oil was washed with organic solvents and the samples frozen and freeze-dried. The samples were excited in a Philips 400-HTG-STEM by scanning a 1-μm, 20-kV electron beam over the surface of the droplets, and the X-ray spectra were collected. Measured X-ray intensities in characteristic peaks were found to be linearly related to the concentration of various elements in the sample. This work demonstrates the feasibility of performing quantitative elemental analysis of minute samples and cells in a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.
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  • 23
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Critical point drying ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The principles and methods for constructing an improved chamber for dehydration and critical point drying of multiple biological samples are described. The specimen chamber design is based on vertical positioning of the electron microscope grids or coverslips and permits minimal perturbation of laminar solvent flow past the specimens. This condition is requisite for optimal exposure of samples to solvents, which is necessary for complete dehydration and drying. Fragile samples, including chromosomes, critical point dried in the multisample chamber demonstrate crisp, well-preserved, three-dimensional morphology.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Glomerular capillary endothelium ; Vascular perfusion ; Freeze-cracking ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Modern morphological investigation requires the use of a variety of technological approaches and the employment of rigorous morphometric analysis for an adequate evaluation of the structural and ultrastructural features of a tissue or organ. The introduction of the technique of freeze-cracking of tissue to expose new surfaces has made it possible to quantitate the normal surface characteristics of the glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney. This report describes the techniques used for the preparation and quantitative assessment of normal glomerular endothelial morphology. The techniques of in vivo and in vitro vascular perfusion of kidneys as a method of fixation and the freeze-cracking of tissue are outlined in detail. In addition, a morphometric analysis of the endothelial surface characteristics are described and values are reported for the control rat and human kidneys from transplant donors.
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  • 25
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 205-206 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 26
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Monolayer cells ; preparation for SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Monolayers of PtK-1 and HeLa cells grown on glass or plastic supports are extremely susceptible to lacerations, e.g., splits and cracks caused mainly by shrinkage when prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that a four-step fixation procedure including glutaraldehyde, OsO4, tannic acid, and uranylacetate application, in combination with critical point drying, drastically reduces these structural damages. In addition, the conductivity of the specimens is enhanced, so that they can be investigated without gold coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of perpendicular sections in the area of lacerations provides evidence that the subcortical cytoskeletal elements are of crucial importance in maintaining cell membrane stability during the preparations. Our relatively quick and simple procedure results in an improved structural appearance of the cells.
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  • 27
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Zone-axis patterns ; Convergent-beam diffraction ; Tanaka method ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The “Tanaka” method is one of several techniques that make it possible to obtain zone-axis electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope without the restriction in the field of view that limits normal convergent-beam diffraction patterns.The method employs a convergent-beam of electrons focused to a probe in a plane that does not coincide with the specimen. The selected area aperture can then be used to eliminate all but one of the diffracted beams to obtain the desired pattern. Practical details of operation and values of operating parameters are discussed.The Tanaka method is a useful addition to the techniques available to the electron microscopist, especially since no instrumental modification is required.
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  • 28
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 311-312 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 29
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 315-316 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 30
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 31
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 349-372 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Enzyme-gold ; Cytochemistry ; Nucleic acids ; Elastin ; Collagen ; Glycogen ; Xylans ; Chitins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The enzyme-gold postembedding approach has been introduced recently in the field of cytochemistry for the ultrastructural localization of macromolecules. This technique is based on the affinity properties existing between an enzyme and its substrate. The possibility of detecting substrate molecules by applying enzyme-gold complexes has been established. The present review deals with the development and the technical approach of this method. Various applications are reported for the demonstration of the reliability of the technique that yields results of high specificity and resolution. In addition, some technical problems and limitations particular to this method are reported and discussed.
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Particle size ; Electron microscopy ; Microcomputer programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A formula is derived to enable the calculation of the true height of an object, such as a shadowed latex bead, from electron micrographs. Knowing only the angle of shadowing and the length of the evaporated shadow, and by substituting these values in the derived formula, a microcomputer may be programmed to carry out the necessary computations. An example of such a microcomputer program is given. The correct determination of the height of particles by electron microscopy using the shadowing technique is one of the most accurate methods available for the determination of small particle height.
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 34
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 209-209 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 35
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 36
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 227-241 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: PEG method ; resinless section ; microtrabeculae ; cytoplasmic sol et gel ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simple and reliable method to make resinless sections for electron microscopy was recently developed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a transient embedding media. In this paper the practical procedure of this PEG method is described in detail. Normal ultrastructure of several types of in-situ cells in resinless sections is demonstrated. The cytoplasmic matrix of all in-situ cells examined is revealed to consist of the microtrabecular lattice. A result from application of this technique to immuno-electron microscopy is also illustrated. This method is shown to have potential in overcoming the problem of intracellular penetration of macromolecular antibodies. Several artifacts caused by failures in specimen preparations are displayed. The real or artifactual nature of the microtrabecula is briefly discussed.
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  • 37
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Coal analysis ; Mounting medium ; Polished sections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A high electron-density embedding medium was developed for SEM observation of inorganic constituents of organic or carbonaceous particles. The components used are a common epoxy resin in which iodoform is dissolved before the addition of the hardener. An iodoform content of 10% by weight proved satisfactory for obtaining excellent contrast between the matrix and embedded carbonaceous particles in the SEM. The system has been successfully applied in the preparation of polished specimens of coal particles. There is no interference between the iodine and any of the most abundant or most important coal mineral components, but it was found that the epoxy resin contained chlorine as a contaminant.
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  • 38
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 39
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 40
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Photography ; Point source enlarger ; Electron micrograph ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Point source enlargers may cause unusual types of printing defects. One type is a large spot in the center of the enlarged picture field that sometimes appears when the edges of negatives are not adequately masked during printing. Another type is a blurry image caused by a defect in the polycontrast filter. The defect appears in the filter as a small spot of about 1/8-inch diameter, formed, presumably, by heat from the focused beam of the point source light. A spot defect of this type is difficult to see by a cursory visual examination of the filter and may develop unnoticed and persist for months before it is finally recognized.
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  • 41
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 151-174 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Rapid freezing ; Cryosectioning ; X-ray microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electrically stimulated heart muscle preparations can be quickly frozen in undercooled propane at defined times of the mechanically controlled contraction cycle. The apparatus for triggered freezing of the muscle strips in undercooled propane is described in detail. Freeze substitution of some strips after freezing shows the degree of ice crystal formation without the potential interference of artifacts introduced later by cryosectioning and freeze drying. Ultrathin longitudinal and transversal cryosections are cut with a LKB cryoultramicrotome at temperatures of -130 to -140°C, freeze-dried at 10-6 Torr vacuum and carbon-coated before analysis. The freeze-dried cryosections are analyzed in a Siemens Elmiskop 102 electron microscope equipped with a Kevex energy dispersive system, and the elemental concentrations (in mMol/kg d.w.) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca are determined in subcellular compartments of muscle frozen in different functional states. The methodology of quantitation, i.e, determination of elemental net peak and continuum, correction of continuum, preparation of standards, and deconvolution of overlapping peaks are described. The minimum detectable elemental concentration using the reported methods is in the range of a few mMol/kg d.w. This also applies to Ca, which can be accumulated in heart muscle in readily detectable amounts in intracellularly located stores as well as structures connected with the cell membrane. The present report shows that cryotechniques and x-ray microanalysis can be successfully applied to heart physiology.
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  • 42
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron energy loss spectroscopy ; Parallel detection ; Photodiode assays ; Fluorescent screens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present report paper deals with the use of a photodiode array for recording electron energy loss spectra in a transmission electron microscope. Important properties of the array are outlined, together with a description of the circuitry needed for interfacing the output to a multichannel analyser.In the direct-exposure mode, the device can easily detect a single (80 or 100 keV) electron, allowing inner-shell energy losses between 200 eV and 2000 eV to be recorded in about 10 seconds. By signal averaging a large number of readouts, a dynamic range of at least 105 is possible. Irradiation damage to the array can be controlled by cooling the array and by various anealing procedures. Sensitivity and DQE are lower, but the dynamic range is higher in the indirect mode, where a fluorescent screen is used to convert the electrons into visible photons, which are then imaged onto the diodes. The choice of screen material and of optical coupling to the array are discussed. Several spectral artifacts are described, together with spectrum-processing techniques designed to remove them.
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 45
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 210-210 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 46
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular casts ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vascular anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Corrosion casts provide three dimensional replicas that can be examined readily by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They are prepared by filling vascular networks with polymerizing plastic and then digesting away the tissue. As based on our studies of ocular vessels, this report describes the vascular anatomy, as well as the artifacts, that are encountered during SEM studies of such preparations.
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  • 47
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 317-329 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Opioids ; Receptors ; Brain ; Radioautography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Two met-enkephalin analogs (FK 33-824 and FW 34-569, Sandoz) were utilized for in vitro labeling of opioid binding sites in the rat central nervous system. Binding kinetics determined in 20-μm-thick frozen tissue sections of the striatum revealed that both pentapeptides bind to a single population of sites at 20°C with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 1-2 nM and a maximum capacity (B max) of 65-170 fmoles/mg protein. Radioautographic data suggest that this population is the same for iodinated and tritiated forms of the FK compound and the iodinated FW analog. Fixation of labeled sections with high concentrations of glutaraldehyde allowed proportional retention of more than 50% of specifically bound 125I-FK molecules in all brain regions after histological processing for high-resolution radioautography. In contrast, glutaraldehyde fixation did not prevent the loss of bound 125I-FW molecules. These differences are attributed to the presence in FK, but not in FW molecules, of a free primary amino group considered essential for cross-link formation between aldehydes and proteins, and imply that a majority of FK-receptor complexes may be stabilized by glutaraldehyde. Consistent with this observation is the fact that the radioautographic distribution of specifically bound 125I-FK was unchanged after fixation and dehydration. In electron microscopic radioautographs prepared from prefixed, vibratome-cut striatal sections that were incubated with 125I-FK and fixed with glutaraldehyde, silver grains were found to be mostly associated with neuronal plasma membrane interfaces. The present methodological approach thus appears to be compatible with electron microscopic localization of opioid binding sites in the central nervous system and might be applicable to the localization of other types of binding sites using radioligand molecules that contain a free primary amino group.
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownell, R L Jr -- Omura, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Japan ; Meat/*analysis ; Organomercury Compounds/*analysis ; Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Timing of the repetitive movements that constitute any rhythmic behavior is regulated by intrinsic properties of the central nervous system rather than by sensory feedback from moving parts of the body. Evidence of this permits resolution of the long-standing controversy over the neural basis of rhythmic behavior and aids in the identification of this mechanism as a general principle of neural organization applicable to all animals with central nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delcomyn, F -- NS 15632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S07 RR 7030/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):492-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Biological Clocks ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Feedback ; Locomotion ; Mastication ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; *Periodicity ; Peripheral Nerves/physiology ; Respiration ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: The enzyme NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was identified by indirect immunofluorescence in hepatocytes, bronchioles, and proximal tubules of liver, lung, and kidney, respectively, of rats and minipigs that had been injected with phenobarbital or saline. The distribution of this component of the cytochrome P-450-mediated microsomal system may be relevant to sites of drug toxicity and carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dees, J H -- Coe, L D -- Yasukochi, Y -- Masters, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Kidney/drug effects/*enzymology ; Liver/drug effects/*enzymology ; Lung/drug effects/*enzymology ; Male ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Phenobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Antiserum specific for purified canine renal renin was used to inhibit this enzyme in trained, conscious dogs. The antiserum did not affect blood pressure in sodium-replete dogs but decreased plasma renin activity and blood pressure in sodium-depleted animals. The antiserum also reduced blood pressure to control levels concomitant with suppression of plasma renin activity in uninephrectomized dogs with acute renovascular hypertension. These observations establish the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of blood pressure in the sodium-depleted state as well as in the initiation of renovascular hypertension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dzau, V J -- Kopelman, R I -- Barger, A C -- Haber, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1091-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; *Blood Pressure ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Dogs ; Homeostasis ; Hypertension, Renal/*enzymology ; Hypertension, Renovascular/*enzymology ; Immunologic Techniques ; Kidney/blood supply ; Renin/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*immunology ; Vascular Resistance
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Intensive research in the last decade has revealed a wealth of detail on the mechanism of biosynthesis, molecular structure, and covalent cross-linking of collagen. Tissues of higher animals express a family of at least five genetically distinct types of collagen molecule, each apparently tailored for different construction work outside the cell. Within each genetic type of collagen, further chemical heterogeneity is also evident; the variations in hydroxylation, glycosylation, and cross-linking are dependent, for example, on tissue type, age, and hormonal status. The functional significance of collagen's molecular diversity and its control by different cells and tissues are not yet well understood but abnormalities of collagen in many human diseases keep this protein a focal molecule of medical research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eyre, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1315-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cartilage/ultrastructure ; *Collagen/genetics/metabolism ; Epithelium/ultrastructure ; Extracellular Space/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Bunuel, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/physiology ; Gallamine Triethiodide/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects/*physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: The distribution of active polyadenylate-messenger RNA sequences in fractionated chicken liver chromatin was examined. A portion of these active gene sequences is concentrated in a DNA fraction retained by tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal proteins, while the nonretained DNA fraction is substantially depleted of a portion of these sequences. These findings suggest that the tightly bound nonhistones are physically associated with a subset of active gene sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gates, D M -- Bekhor, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):661-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Genes ; Liver/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sodium Chloride
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Amphibians of the family Bufonidae contain high levels of skin compounds that both inhibit Na+- and K+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase and antagonize the binding of ouabain to the enzyme. In species of Bufo and Atelopus, these compounds are relatively nonpolar bufodienolides, whereas Dendrophryniscus and Melanophryniscus contain more polar compounds of unknown structure. Skin extracts from 30 of 48 species of frogs representing an additional eight families contained relatively low levels of compounds that inhibit binding of ouabain to Na+,K+-adenosinetriphosphatase. The widespread occurrence of low levels of inhibitory compounds is consonant with the role for these compounds as physiological regulators of Na+,K+-adenosinetriphosphatase in amphibian skin; high levels in the Bufonidae probably also serve as a defense against some predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flier, J -- Edwards, M W -- Daly, J W -- Myers, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):503-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Bufanolides/pharmacology ; Ouabain/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Skin/analysis/enzymology/*metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Cytochemical staining of demyelinated peripheral axons revealed two types of axon membrane organization, one of which suggests that the demyelinated axolemma acquires a high density of sodium channels. Ferric ion-ferrocyanide stain was confined to a restricted region of axon membrane at the beginning of a demyelinated segment or was distributed throughout the demyelinated segment of axon. The latter pattern represents one possible morphological correlate of continuous conduction through a demyelinated segment and suggests a reorganization of the axolemma after demyelination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, R E -- Whalen, C C -- Waxman, S G -- NS-15320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Neurilemma/*metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):376-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Feed ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Food Additives/adverse effects ; Swine
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: A new N-methylpurine riboside (doridosine), probably N1-Methylisoguanosine, was isolated from the digestive glands of a nudibranch. Doridosine produces prolonged hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized rats, decreases the rate and the amplitude of contraction of guinea pig atria in vitro, and causes the heart rate in anesthetized mice to be reduced by 50 percent for many hours after which the animals recover completely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuhrman, F A -- Fuhrman, G J -- Kim, Y H -- Pavelka, L A -- Mosher, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/*isolation & purification ; Guanosine/*analogs & derivatives/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Mice ; Mollusca/analysis ; Rats
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, L M -- Cheriathundam, E -- Mahoney, E M -- Cerami, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chickens ; DNA Polymerase I/analysis ; DNA Polymerase II/analysis ; DNA Polymerase III/analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis ; Fishes ; Immune Sera ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: A discussion of drug-receptor theory is used to show that the three-dimensional structure, or shape, of molecules is important for biological activity. The computer-assisted molecular modeling system at Merck is described, and it is shown that this system is useful for generating and storing molecular structures, determining preferred conformation, comparing molecular shapes, and computing molecular properties. Applications of the system to the study of anti-inflammatory drugs, somatostatin-like compounds, and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors are summarized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gund, P -- Andose, J D -- Rhodes, J B -- Smith, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1425-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6104357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; Binding Sites ; Computers ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; *Models, Molecular ; *Models, Structural ; *Molecular Conformation ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: In BALB/c female mice with melanoma transplants, the incidence of "takes" is decreased and survival is increased by hydroquinone, a melanocytolytic agent. The mechanism of drug action is suggested by via DNA. The significant and high degree of positive response to hydroquinone treatment in vivo is encouraging for the clinical management of melanoma with melanocytolytic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chavin, W -- Jelonek, E J Jr -- Reed, A H -- Binder, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hydroquinones/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: Lysyl oxidase activity was found in the isthmus (the membrane-forming region) of the hen's oviduct in a copper-rich region proximal to the shell gland. Desmosine and isodesmosine, cross-linking compounds associated with mature elastin, were found in hydrolysates of the shell membrane, confirming the necessity for lysyl oxidase in its biosynthesis. Shell membranes from hens fed a copper-deficient diet or a diet supplemented with beta-aminopropionitrile had a reduced content of desmosine and isodesmosine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, E D -- Blount, J E -- Leach, R M Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):55-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6102412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Chickens/*metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Desmosine/analysis ; *Egg Shell ; Isodesmosine/analysis ; Oviducts/*enzymology ; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/*metabolism
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor that increases considerably in the platelets of rats treated with oral contraceptives, was incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspension. After 2 minutes there was a remarkable dose-related increase in platelet activity. This platelet hyperactivity was measured by clotting time and platelet aggregation could not be reproduced by cholesterol or ethinylestradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciavatti, M -- Dumont, E -- Benoit, C -- Renaud, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation/*drug effects ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lanosterol/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Rats
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: The flavin adenine dinucleotide--dependent monooxygenase in mammalian hepatic microsomes plays a major role in the oxidative metabolism of thioether-containing pesticides. Thirty-four compounds were tested, and it was determined that organophosphorus insecticides such as disulfoton and phorate are rapidly oxidized by the purified enzyme to their corresponding sulfoxides. The enzyme does not catalyze the oxidation of the thiophosphoryl and thiol sulfur atoms of these or other phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates, or the oxidation of the sulfoxide to the sulfone. Carbamates aldicarb and Croneton are also oxidized, but at a lower rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hajjar, N P -- Hodgson, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1134-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aniline Compounds/metabolism ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygenases/*metabolism ; Pesticides/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Sulfur ; Swine
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodale, D P -- Rusterholz, D B -- Long, J P -- Flynn, J R -- Walsh, B -- Cannon, J G -- Lee, T -- GM 12675/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-22365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naphthols ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; *Tetrahydronaphthalenes
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: A new transport mechanism explains the importance of the shape of bronchial bifurcations in the transfer of gases and particles between the atmosphere and the alveoli. Photographs of flow visualization experiments illustrate the effect in models of bronchial branching. The mechanism provides a means of nondiffusional transport that helps to explain normal respiratory exchange of gases as well as successful ventilation with very low tidal volumes, as in some lung diseases and in the high-frequency panting of dogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haselton, F R -- Scherer, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):69-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchi/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; *Respiration ; Tidal Volume
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: The indirect method of immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate the presence of amelogenins in the enameloid of teeth and dermal denticles of Chondrichthyes; in the enameloid of Teleostei and Amphibia; and in the enamel of Reptilia. Nonmammalian amelogenins are formed in the ectodermal cells of tooth organs and chemically are so similar to mammalian amelogenins that they interact with antiserum prepared from bovine enamel matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herold, R C -- Graver, H T -- Christner, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1357-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amelogenesis ; Animals ; Dental Enamel Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Species Specificity ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology ; Vertebrates/*anatomy & histology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 1980-12-19
    Description: Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobart, P M -- Shen, L P -- Crawford, R -- Pictet, R L -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 19;210(4476):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Fishes/*genetics ; Insulin/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proinsulin/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: Many types of cells methylate phospholipids using two methyltransferase enzymes that are asymmetrically distributed in membranes. As the phospholipids are successively methylated, they are translocated from the inside to the outside of the membrane. When catecholamine neurotransmitters, lectins, immunoglobulins or chemotaxic peptides bind to the cell surface, they stimulate the methyltransferase enzymes and reduce membrane viscosity. The methylation of phospholipids is coupled to Ca2+ influx and the release of arachidonic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, and prostaglandins. These closely associated biochemical changes facilitate the transmission of many signals through membranes, resulting in the generation of adenosine 3',5'-monophophate in many cell types, release of histamine in mast cells and basophils, mitogenesis in lymphocytes, and chemotaxis in neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirata, F -- Axelrod, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1082-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Histamine Release ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Morphine and beta-endorphin inhibit the shaking response of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats to ice water. Stereotaxically guided administration of antibodies to cerebroside sulfate into the periaqueductal gray region, the most sensitive brain region in which to demonstrate inhibition of this response, antagonizes the effect of morphine and beta-endorphin. These results suggest that cerebroside sulfate may be an integral component of an opiate receptor in rat brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craves, F B -- Zalc, B -- Leybin, L -- Baumann, N -- Loh, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):75-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Biological Assay ; Brain/*immunology ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Endorphins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*immunology ; Sulfoglycosphingolipids/*immunology
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: A virus was isolated from an adult goat with chronic arthritis and shown to belong to the retrovirus group by electron microscopy and biochemical methods. Inoculation of the virus into cesarean-derived specific-pathogen-free goats' kids produced arthritic lesions similar to those in the spontaneous disease. Vrus was reisolated from the experimentally induced lesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawford, T B -- Adams, D S -- Cheevers, W P -- Cork, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):997-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6153243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/*veterinary ; Encephalomyelitis/microbiology/*veterinary ; Goats/*microbiology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Retroviridae/ultrastructure ; Virus Diseases/complications/transmission/*veterinary
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 can occur throughout the epidermis in the dermis when hypopigmented Caucasian skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation. Once previtamin D3 is formed in the skin, it undergoes a temperature-dependent thermal isomerization that takes at least 3 days to complete. The vitamin D-binding protein preferentially translocates the thermal product, vitamin D3, into the circulation. These processes suggest a unique mechanism for the synthesis, storage, and slow, steady release of vitamin D3 from the skin into the circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holick, M F -- MacLaughlin, J A -- Clark, M B -- Holick, S A -- Potts, J T Jr -- Anderson, R R -- Blank, I H -- Parrish, J A -- Elias, P -- AM25395-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM27334-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):203-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cholecalciferol/*biosynthesis ; Cholestadienols/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Photochemistry ; Rats ; Skin/cytology/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: Synthetic metal complexes can closely approach the properties of metal ions in proteins and yield useful information concerning biological structure and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ibers, J A -- Holm, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):223-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Electron Transport ; Humans ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; *Metalloproteins ; *Metals ; Molecular Conformation ; Myoglobin ; Oxygen/blood ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Both natural (-)-morphine and its unnatural enantiomer (+)-morphine exert an excitatory action on electrically stimulated contractions of rat vas deferens. Preexposure to (-)-morphine results in cross-tolerance to the inhibitory action of beta-endorphin. (-)-Naloxone and its stereoisomer (+)-naloxone also exert an excitatory action, but only (-)-naloxone bocks the inhibtory action of beta-endorphin. Thus morphine exerts a dual action on a peripheral organ: one an inhibitory action mediated by the stereospecific endorphin receptor that is blocked stereospecifically by naloxone, the other an excitatory action mediated by a nonstereospecific receptor that is not blocked by naloxone. The opiate abstinence syndrome is seen as due to the unmasking of the excitatory action of opiates when its concomitant inhibitory influence is removed by selective blockade by naloxone or weakened by selective tolerance. The view that the rat vas deferens is devoid of morphine receptors is now seen as arising from a reverse example of morphine's dual action: the masking of the inhibitory action of morphine by its concomitant and more potent excitatory action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacquet, Y F -- DA 00367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Male ; Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotics/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Stereoisomerism ; Substance P/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/*drug effects
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Comparison was made of the distribution of the insulin receptor sites on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes by using ferritin-insulin. Two-thirds of the occupied insulin receptors on adipocytes occurred in groups of two or more whereas up to two-thirds of the receptors on liver occurred as single receptors. Ferritin-insulin did not cause aggregation of the receptor sites in either tissue. The naturally occurring groups of receptors on adipocyte membranes may play a role in the greater sensitivity of adipocytes to insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jarett, L -- Schweitzer, J B -- Smith, R M -- AM 20097/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AM 07296/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver/*ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Fluidity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; *Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: A hormonally defined medium was used to isolate a homogeneous epithelioid cell population from canine kidney. Monolayers of these cells form domes, an indication of active ion transport, and this process is inhibited by ouabain. This technique allows the isolation of primary cultures of renal epithelial cells, free of fibroblasts, for the characterization of biochemical and physiological properties related to renal function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jefferson, D M -- Cobb, M H -- Gennaro, J F Jr -- Scott, W N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):912-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Dogs ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Female ; Kidney/*cytology ; Male ; Sodium/metabolism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, E M Jr -- Gorin, P D -- Brandeis, L D -- Pearson, J -- HD12260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Guinea Pigs ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Milk/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Treatment of pregnant rats with reserpine prevented the normal disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in presumptive neuroblasts of the embryonic gut. These cells normally express the noradrenergic phenotype transiently during embryonic development. The effect of reserpine was reproduced by treating mothers with hydrocortisone acetate. Moreover, the reserpine effect was blocked by treatment with dexamethasone, which inhibits the stress-induced increase in plasma glucocorticoids, and by mitotone, which causes adrenocortical cytolysis. It is concluded that reserpine, through the mediation of maternal glucocorticoid hormones, alters the phenotypic expression of these embryonic neuroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonakait, G M -- Bohn, M C -- Black, I B -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 06400/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Intestines/*embryology/innervation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Reserpine/*pharmacology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*embryology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: Gas deposition rates in the swim bladders of postmetamorphic (silver) Anguilla rostrata eels are about five times greater than those of premetamorphic (yellow) individuals. This extends the maximum depth at which silver eels can maintain swim bladder volume and prepares them for their spawning migration to the Sargasso Sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleckner, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1481-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Air Sacs/*physiology ; Anguilla/*physiology ; Animals ; Species Specificity
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Differential interference microscopy and time-lapse cinematography were used to determine unequivocally the origin of cushion tissue cells migrating in situ in the atrioventricular region of the embryonic chick heart. These studies have verified the presumed endocardial origin of cushion tissue mesenchyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinsella, M G -- Fitzharris, T P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Chick Embryo ; Endocardium/cytology/embryology ; Extracellular Space/cytology ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Valves/embryology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Methods
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: In kidney proximal tubules of male mice the mitochondria are larger and more electron-lucent, autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes (predominantly myeloid bodies) more numerous and voluminous, and exocytosed intraluminal myeloid bodies more common than in females. Males also have higher kidney activities of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and lysosomal hydrolases, and excrete larger quantities of hydrolases and protein in the urine. Orchiectomy evokes the feminine pattern whereas testosterone administration induces the male pattern. Endogenous testosterone modulates mitochondrial structure and function and enhances the activity of the lysosomal-vacuolar system in proximal tubule cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, H -- Goldstone, A -- Blume, G -- Lu, C Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Enzymes/urine ; Female ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*ultrastructure ; Lysosomes/drug effects/enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/drug effects/enzymology ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Sex Differentiation/*drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: Intraocular grafts of chick epithelium combined with mouse molar mesenchyme produced a variety of dental structures including perfectly formed crowns with differentiated ameloblasts depositing enamel matrix. The results suggest that the loss of teeth in Aves did not result from a loss of genetic coding for enamel synthesis in the oral epithelium but from an alteration in the tissue interactions requisite for odontogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kollar, E J -- Fisher, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):993-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amelogenesis ; Animals ; Chick Embryo/*cytology ; Culture Techniques ; Dental Enamel Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes ; Mandible/cytology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; *Odontogenesis
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 25;207(4429):392-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Genes ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Insulin/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: A spontaneous B cell leukemia (BCL1) grew progressively in normal BALB/c mice after injection of tumor cells but did not grow in splenectomized recipients. Despite the absence of progressive tumor growth, residual tumor cells with malignant potential were found in the peripheral blood of the splenectomized animals. Splenectomy performed after injection of tumor cells but before the development of marked leukocytosis also prevented progressive tumor growth and death of the host. Thus the spleen appears to be necessary for progressive proliferation of this lymphocytic leukemia early after passage in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kotzin, B L -- Strober, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):59-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6965803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Leukemia, Experimental/etiology/physiopathology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/*etiology/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen/*physiology ; Splenectomy
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: The compound eye of the grasshopper Phlaeoba has alternating bands that appear clear or brown. Electroretinograms recorded from the individual bands have different action spectra: The spectrum of the clear band peaks at 525 nanometers and that of the brown band at 545 nanometers. Spectrally selective whole-eye adaptation with light of eight long of short wavelength yields identical action spectra. This evidence suggests that this eye has only one visual pigment, whose spectrum is altered in the brown bands by a screening pigment. In behavioral tests of spontaneous choices between stimuli that appear green to the normal human and those that appear red, the green stimuli are preferred even when the relative intensity is varied by 0.9 log units around the equal-brightness level (determined by the electroretinogram). When some red light is mixed with the green light, the preference for the mixture is less than for the green light alone, even though the mixture is more intense. True color vision therefore seems to exist. Painting the bands shows that behavioral color vision requires the presence of both types. These data suggest that Phlaeoba has true color vision mediated by one visual pigment and suitable optical filters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kong, K L -- Fung, Y M -- Wasserman, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):783-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Color Perception/*physiology ; Electroretinography ; Filtration ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Retinaldehyde/*physiology ; Vitamin A/*analogs & derivatives
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1980-11-14
    Description: The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis has been implicated as the site of receptors mediating central responses of angiotensin II. Up to now, this had been based on indirect evidence, but direct visualization of angiotensin II at its site of action has now been achieved by the use of a biologically active fluorescent angiotensin II agonist. The ventricular surface of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis showed intense fluorescence, which was virtually eliminated by an excess of unlabeled angiotensin II.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landas, S -- Phillips, M I -- Stamler, J F -- Raizada, M K -- AM25295/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL14388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 14;210(4471):791-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/*metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral Ventricles/*metabolism ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The survival of isolated rat islets transplanted into diabetic mice was prolonged markedly by maintaining the rat islets in vitro at 24 degrees C for 7 days before transplantation and administering to the recipients a single injection of antiserum to mouse and rat lymphocytes shortly before transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacy, P E -- Davie, J M -- Finke, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):283-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Immunosuppression ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Isogeneic
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: The protozoan parasite Babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, has been continuously cultivated in a settled layer of bovine erythrocytes. Lowered oxygen tension within the layer of host erythrocytes results in a darkening of infected cultures and provides a rapid means of evaluating parasite growth. Deprivation of carbon dioxide causes the merozoites to accumulate in the medium rather than involving new erythrocytes. When separated from the culture, these extraerythrocytic parasites retain their infectivity. Parasites produced in vitro are morphologically identical to parasites from the blood of infected cattle and are susceptible to antibabesial drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, M G -- Ristic, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1218-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Babesia/*growth & development ; Cattle ; *Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythrocytes/cytology/*parasitology
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Single implantation of microencapsulated islets into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes corrected the diabetic state for 2 to 3 weeks. The microencapsulated islets remained morphologically and functionally intact throughout long-term culture studies lasting over 15 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, F -- Sun, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6776628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alginates/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Permeability ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The antihistaminic over-the-counter drug methapyrilene hydrochloride, mixed with food at a concentration of 0.1 percent, was administered to 50 male and 50 female Fischer rats. A second group of 50 male and 50 female rats was given the same treatment together with 0.2 percent of sodium nitrite added to the food. Almost all of the rats in both groups developed liver neoplasms, mainly hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. The first rat died with a liver neoplasm at the 43rd week. Over 50 percent of the rats in both groups had metastases from the carcinomas of the liver to distant organs. Control rats treated with nitrite only, or untreated, did not develop liver neoplasms. There was no discernible effect of nitrite on the carcinogenicity of methapyrilene hydrochloride.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lijinsky, W -- Reuber, M D -- Blackwell, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):817-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyridines/*toxicity ; Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced/pathology ; Male ; Methapyrilene/*toxicity ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitrites ; Rats
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Extracts from several different photocopies were mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay. The mutagenic behavior was similar for extracts from copies and corresponding toners indicating that toners are directly responsible for the mutagenicity. The mutagenicity is caused by at least two classes of compounds which may be present either alone or in combination in any toner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lofroth, G -- Hefner, E -- Alfheim, I -- Mooller, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Carbon ; *Copying Processes ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Photography ; Pyrenes/adverse effects ; Rats ; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Sympathetic axons, normally innervating the extracerebral vasculature, sprout into denervated regions of the hippocampal formation after lesions of the medial septal nucleus or fimbria in adult female rats. Similar lesions in adult males also elicit the sympathetic ingrowth; however, the number of anomalous axons is greatly reduced and their distribution is altered. In adult males the sympathetic axons do not send out collaterals within the stratum oriens of region CA3 or the molecular layer or deep hilar regions of the area dentata, as they do in adult females. Lesions in juveniles of both sexes result in more vigorous sprouting than in their adult counterparts. In the young males the anomalous axons are distributed more extensively into the dentate molecular layer; in the young females the axons merely send out more collaterals within the same regions as in the adults. This sexually dimorphic response to central nervous system damage suggests either that the sprouting is affected by the hormonal environment of the mature hippocampal system or that this brain region, like the hypothalamus, may express permanent morphological or physiological differences as a result of exposure to sex steroids during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loy, R -- Milner, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1282-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Axons/growth & development ; Denervation ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Rats ; *Sex ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*cytology/growth & development
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: A transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine biosynthesis occurs in the intestinal mucosa of the newborn rat in the third week after birth. During this period, there is a rapid conversion of the mucosa from a fetal to a mature adult status. A similar increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity also accompanies the rapid recovery of the mucosa 1 week after an injury is induced by chemotherapy in adult rats. In vivo, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, a highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor, suppresses these increases in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and delays both intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury. Thus increased ornithine decarboxylase activity, with the resultant increase in polyamine content, may play an essential role in intestinal mucosal maturation and regeneration in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lux, G D -- Marton, L J -- Baylin, S B -- 5-R01-18404/PHS HHS/ -- 5-T32-AM-07192-03/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- P50-HL-19157-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Putrescine/metabolism ; Rats ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macklin, A W -- Welch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):129-30, 132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyrine/adverse effects/toxicity ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagens ; Phenacetin/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/toxicity ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Two types of immature B cells, namely fetal liver hybridomas and the leukemic cell line 70Z/3, both of which have cytoplasmic mu chains but no light chains, were examined for DNA rearrangements of their light chain and heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. In the fetal liver hybridomas, which were constructed from fetal liver cells and a tumor cell, no light chain gene rearrangement was observed, whereas in the 70Z/3 cell line a kappa light chain rearrangement probably occurred. The results suggest that, although the lack of light chain synthesis can be due to a lack of gene rearrangement, there may also be transcriptional regulation, which may also be important for the expression of light chain immunoglobulins in immature B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maki, R -- Kearney, J -- Paige, C -- Tonegawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1366-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Genes ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia, Experimental/*immunology ; Liver/*embryology ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: A single DNA fragment containing both mu and delta immunoglobulin heavy chain genes has been cloned from normal BALB/c mouse liver DNA with a new lambda phage vector Charon 28. The physical distance between the membrane terminal exon of mu and the first domain of delta is 2466 base pairs, with delta on the 3' side of mu. A single transcript could contain a variable region and both mu and delta constant regions. The dual expression of immunoglobulins M and D on spleen B cells may be due to alternate splicing of this transcript.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, C P -- Tucker, P W -- Mushinski, J F -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1348-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Genes ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin delta-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Liver/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Myeloma Proteins/genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats. Decidualization in the absence of an embryo was not accompanied by a similar increase in the concentration of nuclear receptors. Moreover, this difference in receptor distribution between the implantation and nonimplantation areas persisted when a major part of the maternal supply of sex steroids was suppressed by ovariectomy on day 5 of pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that steroids originating from the embryo affect the endometrial implantation site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logeat, F -- Sartor, P -- Hai, M T -- Milgrom, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Decidua/metabolism ; Endometrium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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