ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (184)
  • maize  (114)
  • Oryza sativa  (70)
  • 1990-1994  (184)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (184)
Collection
  • Articles  (184)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of root mRNA population to sulphate shortage in maize seedlings (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: in vitro translation ; maize ; nutrient stress proteins ; Poly(A)+RNA ; sulphate deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Roots of ten-days-old seedlings obtained from a maize hybrid grown in complete or in sulphate-deprived medium were used to extract Poly(A)+RNA. The response to sulphate deprivation, which is known to increase the uptake capacity up to ten times, was manifested also by the expression of three mRNA species, as shown by the in vitro translation of the mRNA population. One hour after transfer to complete nutrient medium all three mRNAs were still present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347719
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plagiogravitropism of maize roots (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 165 (1994), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: gravitropism ; maize ; nodal roots ; plagiogravitropism ; seminal roots ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The direction of root growth can be studied by analyzing the trajectories of roots growing in soil. Both the primary seminal root and nodal roots of maize attain a preferred, or liminal, angle of growth that deviates from the vertical. These roots are said to be plagiogravitropic. Experiments using plants grown in soil-filled boxes revealed that the primary seminal root is truly plagiogravitropic. It shows both positive and negative gravitropism in response to gravity stimuli and tends to maintain its direction even after growing around obstacles. These are experimental results suggesting that plagiogravitropic growth is controlled by internal factors. The orientation of the grain affects the establishment of the liminal angle of the primary seminal root, and both the position of their node of origin and the root diameter are closely related to the plagiogravitropic behaviour of nodal roots. Several external factors are also known to influence plagiogravitropism. Low soil water content causes a decrease in the angle of growth and soil mechanical resistance suppresses the gravitropic curvature. Plagiogravitropic behaviour of both seminal and nodal roots plays a significant role in shaping the root system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008077
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and environmental effects on abscisic acid accumulation in leaves of field-grown maize (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 78 (1994), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; inheritance ; drought stress ; Zea mays ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study analyzes the components of phenotypic variation for abscisic acid (ABA) content in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves and the correlations with drought sensitivity index (DSI) and silk delay (SD), involved in the reaction to water deficit. Eight early- and seven medium-maturity inbreds were examined in field trials: in 1990 with low irrigation volume and in 1991 with low and high irrigation volumes. ABA concentration and DSI were investigated at growth stages (S) corresponding to stem elongation (S3), appearance of the first husks (S4), and mid-end of silking (S5). The ABA concentration was significantly higher in conditions of water deficit and in the later growth stage. The genetic component for ABA concentration attained higher relative values than those shown by DSI in the same growth stages and by SD; moreover, it increased from growth stage 3 to stage 5. The genotype × year and genotype × irrigation volume interactions were smaller for ABA concentration than for DSI and SD. The broad sense heritability on a plant basis, estimated in drought conditions, for ABA concentration ranged from 21.4 to 55.1% according to maturity group and growth stage. A wide variation was observed among lines for ABA concentration: the medium-maturity group showed a three-fold range (from 219 to 605 ng ABA g−1 dry weight). No clear relationships between ABA concentration, DSI and SD were found. These results indicate the feasibility of a selection for ABA concentration within segregating populations derived from crosses between the inbred lines herein tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel environment-induced genic male sterile (EGMS) mutant in indica rice (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 76 (1994), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Indica rice ; Oryza sativa ; radiation mutagenesis ; thermo-sensitive male sterility ; pollen ; vigour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Male-sterile mutants were isolated from M2 and M3 generations of indica rice variety 26 Zhaizao, dry seeds of which had been exposed to 60Co-γ rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The mutants were planted in early season and ratooned in late season for two successive years for identification of fertility conversion in different growing seasons. One of the mutant lines was further observed in a growth chamber and in the field. Results showed that daily average temperature might be the major factor conditioning the male fertility conversion at a moderate daylength. The critical temperature for the male fertility conversion of the mutant grown under 12.5 h and 14.0 h daylength is about 23°C, below which the plant becomes completely male sterile. Its male fertility conversion character differs from other EGMS lines so far developed. The performance of the hybrids between the mutant and some other indica varieties demonstrated its good combining ability and its potential value in hybrid rice production. The obtained mutant line still sheds KI-stainable pollen grains under male sterilizing conditions. Nevertheless, pollen grains shed from the male sterile plants were much more vulnerable than from normal plants. At sucrose concentration below 1.5 M, the pollen grains from the mutant grown under male sterilizing conditions almost completely broke down, while above 1.5 M they became plasmolysed and shrunken. This is indicative of poor development of the membrane and walls of the pollen grains from the male sterile mutant, causing the pollen grains to be unfunctional. NBT test also clarified the abortion of the pollen grains from the mutant, which were formed in the male sterilizing environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024024
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of parameters describing the root system architecture of field grown maize plants (Zea mays L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: axile roots ; maize ; nodal roots ; root length ; root system ; seminal roots ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this work was to study elongation curves of maize axile roots throughout their elongation period under field conditions. Relationships between their elongation rate and the extension rate of their branched region were also studied. Maize, early-maturing cultivar Dea, was grown on a deep, barrier-free clay loam (depth 1.80m). Trenches were dug during four periods until after silking and axile roots were excavated. Parameters measured were total length and the lengths of basal and apical unbranched zones. The rank of the bearing phytomer and general data about the carrying plant were also recorded. Results showed that axile roots from lower phytomers had similar elongation rates irrespective of the rank of the carrying phytomer. This elongation rate declined with root age. A monomolecular elongation model was fitted to the experimental data. Elongation was much slower in roots from upper phytomers. A rough linear relationship was found between the elongation rate of axile roots and the length of the apical unbranched zone. This result suggests that laterals appeared on a root segment a constant time after it was formed. Possible mechanisms with may account for the declining elongation rate with root age (increasing distance from aerial parts or adverse environmental conditions in deep soil layers) and variability between individual roots are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010067
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of parameters describing the root system architecture of field grown maize plants (Zea mays L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 164 (1994), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: branching ; growth ; lateral roots ; maize ; root morphology ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The architecture of the root system is related to its water and mineral uptake. In this paper, the number, growth, and branching of first-order lateral roots are studied on field grown maize (early maturing cultivar ‘Dea’), mainly in relation to the depth and to the rank of the bearing phytomer. The soil was a deep clay loam, without any barrier until 1.80 m. The branching density was studied along axile roots until 1.40 m from the base, on a sample of individually excavated axile roots. A strong gradient of density was shown: the mean branching density decreased from 12 roots.cm−1 near the base to 4 roots.cm−1 at a 60 cm depth. Seminal roots were less densely branched than nodal roots. The mean difference was about 4 roots.cm−1. The length and branching density of lateral roots were studied on mature parts of the root systems where the growth and branching of the laterals were completed, using samples extracted from large soil monoliths. The length distribution of lateral roots was highly asymmetrical, for every source phytomer (mean: 25 mm; median: 16 mm). Many lateral roots were very short, and only 2 % reached a length higher than 10 cm. Only 29 % of all the laterals bore second-order lateral roots. Vigorous laterals branched more systematically and more profusely: the branching density varied from 2 to 5 roots.cm−1 according to the length of the mother lateral root. Both the number and length of lateral roots appeared to be affected by the soil bulk density which varied with the depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010068
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino-acid influx at the soil-root interface of Zea mays L. and its implications in the rhizosphere (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 163 (1994), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amino-acids ; maize ; rhizosphere ; root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of intact Zea mays. L. roots to regulate the amount of free amino-acids present in the rhizosphere. Using metabolic inhibitors it was demonstrated that the release of amino-acids from the root occurred by passive diffusion, whilst free amino-acids outside the root could be re-captured by an active transport mechanism. The influx of amino-acids into the root was shown to be relatively independent of spatial location along the root and was little affected by the presence of other organic compounds in solution. It was deduced from root concentration gradients that the main site of amino-acid exudation was at root tips. Amino-acid uptake by the root was shown to be independent of both inorganic-N concentration and the presence of other organic solutes in solution. A computer simulation model was constructed to assess the contribution of organic-N uptake (acidic, basic and neutral amino-acids) to the plant's N budget, in comparison to the inorganic solutes NO3 and NH4. Simulations of N uptake from a 0.5 mm radius rhizosphere indicated that when inorganic-N concentrations in soil were limiting (≤0.1 μmoles cm-3 soil), the uptake of amino-N accounted for up to 90% the total N taken up by the roots. In situations where fertilizer inputs are high, and levels of organic matter in soil are low, the contribution of amino-N might still be expected to form 〈30% of the total N taken up by the root system. It was concluded that the uptake of amino-acids from the rhizosphere may be important in both N nutrition and in the minimization of root C and N losses to the soil. Consequently this may be important in governing the size of the rhizosphere microbial population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033935
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA polymorphisms in Oryza sativa L. and Lactuca sativa L. amplified by arbitrary primed PCR (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 78 (1994), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: DNA fingerprint ; Lactuca sativa ; Oryza sativa ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Thirty-five rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, including 18 japonica, 5 javanica and 12 indica subspecies and 12 lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties were identified taxonomically, using PCR with originally designed 21 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers and 8 sequence-specific primers, used for amplifying four specific DNA fragments. Use of these primers revealed polymorphisms among varieties in rice and lettuce and facilitates DNA fingerprinting. Dendrograms of both species based on polymorphisms were constructed and genetical relationships were established. In rice, half the number of amplified bands were polymorphic and almost all varieties differentiated. However, differentiation of minor genetic alterations among somaclonal variants or mutants and their mother varieties was not feasible. In L. sativa, 47% of the amplified fragments were polymorphic and all 12 varieties were differentiated. Some of the PCR fragments were variety or type specific, which could be used for indicators for type-selection. The dendrogram obtained showed differentiated clusters of crisphead, leaf and butterhead type, findings in good accord with the classification based on the genetic background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021410
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of 2,2′-bipyridine and other metal chelators on the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to ethylene in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase ; 2,2′-bipyridine ; ethylene ; 8-hydroxyquinoline ; Oryza sativa ; 1,10-phenanthroline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of metal chelators, 2,2′-bipyridine, 8-hydroxyquinoline and 1,10-phenenthroline, on the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene in detached leaves of light-grown rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings and detached shoots of etiolated rice seedlings were investigated. Metal chelators strongly inhibited the in vivo ACC oxidase activity in detached leaves and detached etiolated shoots. This inhibition could be partially recovered by Fe2+. Our results support the notion that Fe2+ is an essential cofactor for the conversion of ACC to ethylene in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025216
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium and nickel accumulation in rice plants. Effects on mineral nutrition and possible interactions of abscisic and gibberellic acids (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; cadmium ; gibberellic acid ; mineral nutrition ; nickel ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rice plants accumulate high quantities of Cd and Ni when grown for 10 days in a medium containing these heavy metals. Accompanying Cd and Ni uptake, a decrease in shoot and root length was observed, though dry matter accumulation was not affected accordingly. Metal treatments also induced a decrease in K, Ca and Mg contents in the plants, particularly in the shoots, indicating that Cd and Ni interfered not only with nutrient uptake but also with nutrient distribution into the different plant parts. Addition of abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) to the external solution could not overcome the depressing effects of the metals on nutrient acquisition, and even induced a further decrease of Ca content in Ni-treated plants. Both hormones also reduced, significantly, heavy metal incorporation into the plants. Additionally, hormonal applications affected the transport of Cd and Ni to the shoots, resulting in a higher percentage of the metals taken up remaining in the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025217
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light differentially regulates lateral and longitudinal auxin transport in the mesocotyl of etiolated maize seedlings (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: auxin-transport ; indoleacetic acid ; maize ; photoinhibition ; transport ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of IAA into excised mesocotyls of non-irradiated maize seedlings was linear up to a concentration of about 4×M and in this range there was a tight coupling between the IAA in the stele and the cortex. Prior irradiation with white light of intact seedlings unbalanced this coupling. Lateral and longitudinal transport were affected differently. In the stele, the effect of prior irradiation on longitudinal transport was multiphasic, with an initial stimulatory effect followed by a negative effect at longer prior irradiation times. The lateral transport from the stele to the cortex showed no stimulatory effect and appeared to be inhibited within at least 15 min. The effect of the prior irradiation on longitudinal transport in the stele appeared to be a high intensity effect. In contrast, the effect of the prior irradiation on the lateral transport from the stele to the cortex was saturated at much lower intensities. The data suggest that the light induced change in the lateral transport of IAA between the two tissues may be due to changes either in the number of open lateral transport channels/carriers or in the conductivity of these channels/carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025219
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine metabolism during seedling development in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: amine conjugates ; arginine decarboxylase ; Oryza sativa ; polyamine inhibitors ; polyamines ; seedling development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The main free amines identified during growth and development of rice seedlings were agmatine, putrescine, spermidine, diaminopropane and tyramine. Amine composition differed according to tissue and stages of development. Conjugated amines were only found in roots. We present evidence that arginine decarboxylase (ADC) regulates putrescine during the development of rice seedlings. When ADC action was blocked by DFMA (α-DL-difluoromethylarginine, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ADC), polyamine titers and seedling development were diminished; when agmatine or putrescine was added, normal polyamine titers and growth were restored. The effects of DFMA were concentration dependent. DFMO (α-DL-difluoromethylornithine, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase or ODC) promoted growth and development at concentrations below 2 mM. This effect was probably related to its unexplained, but consistently observed slight enhancement of rice ADC. When the increase in the concentration of spermidine was prevented by CHA (cyclohexylammonium sulfate), the number of roots increased and the increase in length of leaves and roots was strongly inhibited. The addition of exogenous spermidine at the time of treatment with CHA reversed the inhibition by CHA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024680
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamines, indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in rice phloem sap (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: rice ; Oryza sativa ; phloem sap ; polyamine ; abscisic acid ; auxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine have been identified and quantified in rice phloem sap and shoot extracts by HPLC. It is suggested that diamines, putrescine and cadaverine, easily migrate into the phloem, while movement of a triamine, spermidine, and a tetramine, spermine, tend to be restricted. Spermine especially seems to be the most immobile among polyamines. Thus it is indicated that movement of polyamines into phloem is decreased with increasing number of amino groups. Indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in rice phloem sap were also analyzed by HPLC and it is suggested that indole-3-acetic acid is transported freely into phloem, while abscisic acid is much more actively exuded into phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping and mulching withErythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O. F. Cook andGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.: effects on maize/weed competition (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 25 (1994), S. 119-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; Erythrina poeppigiana ; Gliricidia sepium ; weeds ; maize ; mulch ; weed competition ; weed reduction potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The potential of allye cropping systems to sustain a high productivity with low external inputs and the reduction of maize/weed competition through weed suppression in different alley cropping and sole-cropped mulched systems was studied in Costa Rica at CATIE. Data were recorded eight years after establishment of the experiment. Plant residues ofErythrina poeppigiana trees (10 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 3 m reduced weed biomass by 52%, whileGliricidia sepium trees (12 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 0.5 m reduced weed biomass by 28%, in comparison to controls.Erythrina had a considerable impact on grass weeds, whileGliricidia reduced the incidence of some dicot weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced maize yield in all systems. Nevertheless weed suppression contributed to the higher maize grain yield underErythrina andGliricidia alley cropping of 3.8 t per hectare as opposed to the unmulched control yield of 2.0 t per hectare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705672
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of phytotoxic effects ofGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp prunings on maize and cowpea seedlings (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 26 (1994), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: phytotoxicity ; cowpea ; Gliricidia sepium prunings ; maize ; seedlings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phytotoxic effects ofGliricidia prunings were tested on maize seedlings in the laboratory and on maize and cowpea seedlings in the field. In the laboratory test, growth of maize seedlings was significantly depressed by addition of leachate ofGliricidia prunings. In the field, leaf, chlorosis of maize and cowpea seedlings occurred when mulched withGliricidia prunings; number of affected leaves increased with increasing mulch rate. Maize was more susceptible than cowpea. This phytotoxic effect, however, did not reduce growth of maize and cowpea seedlings in the field. ApplyingGliricidia mulch one week before planting eliminated the phytotoxic effects on maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711214
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of alley cropping withLeucaena leucocephala and of different management practices on the productivity of maize and soil chemical properties in lowland coastal Kenya (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 27 (1994), S. 31-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; leucaena mulch ; dairy cattle slurry ; maize ; cowpea ; lowland coastal tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of leucaena hedgerows, mulching with leucaena foliage (0,50 and 100% of harvested foliage), cowpea intercropping and adition of dairy cattle slurry (55 t ha−1 per maize crop) on the yield of maize from a sandy soil were assessed. The four-year results from five maize crops are reported. Except in the first year, yields of maize grain and stover were significantly reduced by 30% in the presence of leucaena hedgerows. Use of leucaena mulch eliminated this effect; application of all the harvested leucaena mulch (100%) increased the total maize grain yield of the five crops by 44% over sole maize. Hedgerow and mulching management required an additional 36 mandays labour ha−1 which was more than compensated by the increased maize yields. Furthermore leucaena hedgerows substantially depressed the growth of weeds between cropping seasons. Intercropping with cowpea significantly depressed yields of maize grain and stover when both crops were sown together, but not in later seasons when cowpea was sown four weeks after the maize. Application of slurry increased the total yields of maize grain and stover by 35 and 37%, respectively. The grain yield of maize in leucaena hedgerow treatments fertilized with slurry did not respond to application of more than 50% of leucaena foliage, which suggested that half of the foliage could be spared for feeding to livestock. The cumulative yield of maize grain from the highest yielding organic system was 85% of the yield from the fertilizer treatment. The study, which is continuing, demonstrates that large increases in agricultural productivity are possible through the intercropping of maize with woody forage and grain legumes and the integration of dairy cattle production into the system. It thus shows the importance of exploiting crop/livestock interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704833
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation and integration of the classical and molecular genetic maps of chromosome 11 in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 76 (1994), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: linkage ; molecular markers ; morphological mutant markers ; Oryza sativa ; rice RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The classical genetic map and molecular map of rice chromosome 11 were oriented to facilitate the use of these maps for genetic studies and rice improvement. Three morphological markers (d-27, z-2, and la) were crossed to a rice breeding line, IRBB21, which has the Xa-21 gene for bacterial blight resistance. Three F2 populations were analyzed with RFLP markers known to be located on chromosome 11. Segregation analysis of molecular markers and morphological markers was used to construct an RFLP map for each population. The recombination frequency between markers varied from population to population although the marker order on the maps was the same for all three populations. Based on a common set of markers mapped in the three populations, an integrated map was generated consisting of both RFLP and morphological markers. The genetic distance between markers on this map was determined by taking a weighted average of the data from the three populations. The oriented map serves as a bridge to understand the relationship between the classical and molecular linkage maps. Based on this information, the location of several genes on the classical map can be approximated with respect to RFLP markers without having to map them directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024023
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships among American and Spanish populations of maize (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 79 (1994), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: maize ; germplasm ; cluster analysis ; landraces ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two experiments were carried out with two objectives. First, to establish the phenetic relationships among the maize (Zea mays L.) landraces from Galicia (Northwestern Spain) maintained at the Misión Biológica de Galicia. Second, to assess the resemblance between a collection of Spanish populations (including the landraces from Galicia) and a set of US Corn Belt varieties. For the first objective 73 varieties from Galicia, along with 9 hybrid checks, were grown in 9×9 simple lattices at two locations for two years. For the second objective 131 populations from the US Corn Belt and Spain, along with 9 hybrid checks, were grown for three years in unreplicated experiments. Cluster analyses were carried out with the first principal components that accounted for a significant amount of the total variation. Four groups were found among the landraces from Galicia. The populations from Spain and America were classified as belonging to nine main groups. The replicated experiment was more accurate than the unreplicated one. However, it is concluded that an unreplicated test grown in several environments is accurate enough to detect the main groups, although some inaccuracies should be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023586
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation for resistance to low-temperature photoinhibition of photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 80 (1994), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: maize ; Zea mays ; photoinhibition ; photosynthesis ; low-temperature adaptation ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sixty-seven inbred lines of maize were evaluated for resistance to low-temperature photoinhibition of photosynthesis, using a pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence technique. The evaluation procedure was based on leaf discs, which were exposed to a high irradiance (1000 µmol/m2/s) at 7°C. The efficiency of open PSII reaction centres as a reflection of overall photosynthesis was measured before and after a photoinhibition-inducing treatment. Exposure of leaf discs to photoinhibitory condition for 2, 4, and 8 hours resulted in an efficiency reduction of 30, 53 and 83%, respectively. Testing of inbred lines showed large differences for photoinhibition susceptibility. The difference in photosynthetic efficiency between the most extreme lines after a treatment of eight hours was 39%. Resistance to photoinhibition was shown to be relevant under cool field conditions. It proved to be a trait strongly amenable to selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of maize to various rates of P addition to different rooting zones (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 158 (1994), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: maize ; P placement ; P supply ; rooting zone ; VAM colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Colonization of plant roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is known to be reduced as the phosphorus nutrition of the plant is increased. It is generally accepted that the concentration of P in the plant rather than the soil regulates VAM colonization. Whether it is the shoot P concentration, the mean P concentration in the root system or the P concentration in the specific root being colonized is not known, but is of agronomic significance because fertilizer P is frequently applied in concentrated zones which would be expected to result in higher P concentration in roots growing in the fertilized zone than in the remainder of the root system. Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to determine the effect on colonization of supplying varying amounts of P to different portions of the rooting zone. In growth chamber studies using a split-pot technique, the proportion of maize (Zea mays L.) root length containing arbuscules in a high-P zone was lower than that of roots of the same plant growing in a low- or medium-P zone. Root P concentration was higher in the high-P zone. In a field experiment conducted over a two-year period, VAM colonization of roots of young maize plants growing in fertilized soil was affected differently than that of roots growing outside the fertilized zone. A small addition of fertilizer P increased colonization of roots in the fertilized soil, but further additions resulted in an abrupt decline followed by a slower further decline, although colonization was not eliminated even by rates of 1600 μg P g-1 soil. Colonization of roots growing outside the fertilized zone declined gradually with increasing P addition but the overall decline was less than for roots in the fertilized zone. The data support the hypothesis that it is P concentration in the portion of the root system being colonized rather than the general P status of the plant which regulates VAM colonization. The agronomic implication of this is that, although a fertilizer band may reduce VAM colonization of roots in the band volume, roots growing outside this volume may be well colonized so the mycorrhizal symbiosis may be an important contributor to P nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007924
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling elongation by a Pseudomonas fuscovaginae toxin (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 76 (1994), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bacterial brown sheat rot ; germination ; Oryza sativa ; Pseudomonas fuscovaginae ; rice ; screening for toxin tolerance ; seedling growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of a Pseudomonas fuscovaginae toxin, on germination, root formation and seedling elongation, after soaking rice grains in the toxin prior to sowing, was investigated. The toxin enhanced germination, but had no apparent effect on the number of roots of the seedlings. It induced a drastic inhibition of seedlings elongation correlated to varieties susceptibility to the disease in the rice field. After denaturation of the bioactive compounds of the extract, all the previously observed effects were lost. Using the toxin and the present test, could be a reliable tool for screening genotype susceptibility to P. fuscovaginae disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024032
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of maternal haploid maize plants and potential application to maize breeding (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 79 (1994), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; haploid induction ; maternal haploids ; inducer line ZMS ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Presented are the results of a two-year study of haploid maize plants in the field. The haploids were produced with the aid of inducer line ZMS. In total, 604 and 1030 haploids were obtained and studied in the first and second years, respectively. Tassels of haploid plants were found to be almost completley sterile. Fertility of ears was studied by pollinating them with the pollen from diploid inbred lines, the cross resulting in almost all of the haploid ears carrying kernels. On average 27.4 kernels per ear of haploid plant were obtained in the first year of study and 26.3 in the second. These gave rise to normal diploid plants. This property allows genotypes selected at the level of haploid plants to be involved in breeding process. Unusual plants were found among haploids, phenotypically resembling homozygous lines. It was assumed that the plants had resulted from spontaneous chromosome doubling in haploids. The results of comparative studies of progenies of unusual plants and inbred lines derived from the same synthetic population are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023571
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific developmental stages of gametogenesis for radiosensitivity and mutagenesis in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 80 (1994), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gametogenesis ; mutagenesis ; radiosensitivity ; mutation frequency ; X-ray irradiation ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Developmental stages during gametogenesis of rice were histologically examined in the period from differentiation of reproductive organs to anthesis. Plants were exposed to acute X-rays of 20 Gy. Radiosensitivity and mutation frequency were investigated in relation to the developmental stages of reproductive organs. The most radiosensitive stage, as measured by reduction of the M1 pollen-and seed-fertilities, was the last premeiotic interphase. Mutations induced at different developmental stages were scored in M3 strains. Sterility mutants and short-culm mutants were most frequently observed. Grain shape, panicle morphology, heading-date and endosperm character mutants were induced at a relatively low frequency. The overall mutation frequency varied with the developmental stage at the time of irradiation. The highest overall mutation frequency was observed when radiation was applied 10 days before anthesis, the late tetrad stage of microspores. Radiation exposure of florets at the late tetrad stage was found to be a more efficient method of inducing a large number of mutations than radiations applied to seeds and fertilized egg cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039295
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamines and related enzymes in rice seeds differing in germination potential (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: amine conjugates ; arginine decarboxylase ; germination ; Oryza sativa ; polyamine inhibitors ; polyamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In ungerminated rice seeds, (Japonica rice variety, CV Tapei 309), the content of free amines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine) was higher in seed lots having a low germination frequency compared to those with high germination potential. Conversely, amine conjugates (di-feruloylputrescine, di-feruloylspermidine, diferuloyldiaminopropane and feruloyltyramine) decreased with loss of viability. Thus, these compounds appeared to constitute biochemical markers of seed viability. In seeds with high germination potential, conjugates decreased drastically during germination, with an early and rapid increase in free amines (putrescine, spermidine, tyramine). Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity was highest during the germination of high germination potential seeds, its activity gradually declining with loss of viability and being closely correlated with agmatine content. The polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors (α-DL-difluoromethylarginine, DFMA, a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ADC; α-DL-difluoromethylornithine, DFMO, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC); cyclohexylammonium sulfate, CHA, inhibitor of spermidine synthase) neither depleted putrescine and spermidine levels nor inhibited germination in high germination potential seeds. In low germination potential seeds, the germination process was inhibited by DFMA or CHA. Application of agmatine resulted in a reversal of inhibition. DFMA inhibited ADC activity in both categories of seeds. In low germination potential seeds treated with CHA no ADC activity was found. These results suggest that amines are involved in the germination process of rice seeds. It appears that amine conjugates may serve as a storage form of amines which, upon enzymatic hydrolysis, could supply the cell with an additional amine reserve and influence cell division and/or cell elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024679
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey for parasites ofSesamia calamistis (Lep.: Noctuidae) andEldana saccharina (Lep.: Pyralidae) in southwestern Nigeria (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 367-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Insect parasitoid ; parasitic nematode ; stem borer ; maize ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des enquêtes sur le terrain ont été effectuées entre 1990 et 1992 en vue d'étudier les espèces présentes et l'abondance relative des parasites des lépidoptères foreurs des tigesSesamia calamistis Hampson etEldana saccharina Walker dans des champs de maïs du sud-ouest du Nigéria. Parmi les espèces de parasitoïdes découvertes sur les deux foreurs de tiges figuraient les parasitoïdes des larves et pupes,Sturmiopsis parasitica Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae) etBrachymeria feae Masi (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), ainsi que le parasitoïde des larves,Dolichogenidea polaszeki Walker (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Des attaques du braconidéCotesia sesamiae (Cameron) ont été observées surS. calamistis. L'hyperparasitoïdeExoristobia dipterae (Risbec) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a été observé sur une pupe deS. parasitica. Des nématodes parasites appartenant àMermis sp. et/ouHexamermis sp. ont été observés sur des larves des deux foreurs des tiges. Dans l'ensemble, le parasitisme larvaire était faible avec des valeurs comprises entre 4.2 et 22.8% pourS. calamistis, et 1.2 et 13% pourE. saccharina. Parmi les parasitoïdes observés, l'espèce la plus courante étaitS. parasitica. Des attaques de quatre hyménoptères parasitoïdes des oeufs ont été observées surS. calamistis: Telenomus busseolae Gahan,T. isis Polaszek (Scelionidae),Lathromeris ovicida Risbec, etTrichrogrammatoidea eldanae Viggiani (Trichogrammatidae). Les oeufs étaient parasités à des valeurs comprises entre 0 et 33%. L'unique parasitoïde des oeufs observé surE. saccharina étaitT. applanatus Bin et Johnson (Scelionidae) qui ne provoquait qu'un parasitisme de 5%.
    Notes: Abstract Field surveys were conducted during 1990–92 to document the relative abundance of different species of parasites of the lepidopterous stem borersSesamia calamistis Hampson andEldana saccharina Walker in maize fields in southwestern Nigeria. Species of parasitoids detected on both stem borers included the larvalpupal parasitoidsSturmiopsis parasitica Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae) andBrachymeria feae Masi (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), and the larval parasitoidDolichogenidea polaszeki Walker (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The braconidCotesia sesamiae (Cameron) was found attackingS. calamistis. The hyperparasitoidExoristobia dipterae (Risbec) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was detected on a pupa ofS. parasitica. Parasitic nematodes belonging toMermis sp. and/orHexamermis sp. were found infesting larvae of both stem borers. Overall, larval/pupal parasitization levels at Ibadan were low and ranged from 4.2 to 22.8% forS. calamistis and 1.2 to 13% forE. saccharina. Of the parasites found,S. parasitica was the most common, followed by nematodes. Four hymenopteran egg parasitoids were found attackingS. calamistis: Telenomus busseolae Gahan,T. isis Polaszek (Scelionidae),Lathromeris ovicida Risbec, andTrichogrammatoidea eldanae Viggiani (Trichogrammatidae). Egg parasitization ranged from 13.4 to 41.5%. The only egg parasitoid detected onE. saccharina wasTelenomus applanatus Bin and Johnson, which inflicted only 5% parasitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373042
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrification inhibitors and time and rate of slurry and fertilizer N application on silage maize yield and losses to the environment (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: animal manure ; leaching ; maize ; nitrification inhibitor ; nitrogen recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments with silage maize during eight years on a sandy soil in The Netherlands, showed that dicyandiamide (DCD) addition to autumn-applied cattle slurry retarded nitrification, thus reducing nitrate losses during winter. Spring-applied slurry without DCD, however, was on average associated with even lower losses and higher maize dry matter yields. Economically optimum supplies of mineral N in the upper 0.6 m soil layer in spring (EOSMN), amounted to 130–220 kg ha−1. Year to year variation of EOSMN could not be attributed to crop demand only. According to balance sheet calculations on control plots, apparent N mineralization between years varied from 0.36 to 0.94 kg ha−1 d−1. On average, forty percent of the soil mineral N (SMN) supply in spring, was lost during the growing season. Hence, the amounts of residual soil mineral N (RSMN) were lower than expected. Multiple regression with SMN in spring, N crop uptake and cumulative rainfall as explanatory variables, could account for 79 percent of the variation in RSMN. Postponement of slurry applications to spring and limiting N inputs to economically optimum rates, were insufficient measures to keep the nitrate concentration in groundwater below the EC level for drinking water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750573
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on maize growth of the interaction between increased nitrogen availability and competition with trees in alley cropping (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 21 (1993), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Erythrina ; Gliricidia ; alley cropping ; maize ; competition ; nitrogen availability ; Costa Rica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Maize growing next toErythrina hedgerows had 44% lower biomass (p〈0.01) and 35% lower N content (p〈0.1) than maize growing in the middle of the alleys. Maize growing next toGliricidia hedgerows had the same biomass but 56% higher N content (p〈0.1) than maize growing in the middle of the alleys. However these differences did not develop until 2 months after sowing of the maize. Spatial variability in soil nitrogen mineralization and mulch nitrogen release did not explain any of the differences in growth or N uptake of the maize with respect to distance from the trees. It is hypothesized that the slower growth of the maize next to theErythrina trees after 2 months is due to increasing light and/or nutrient competition from the trees as the trees recover from pollarding. The apparent lack of competition fromGlirigidia may be due to different rates of regrowth or different shoot and root architecture. A theoretical model is described demonstrating that if a crop is to take advantage of the higher nutrient availability under alley cropping it must complete the major part of its growth before the trees recover significantly from pollarding, and start competing strongly with the crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705243
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of alley cropping in improvement of cultivation systems in the high rainfall areas of Zambia. III. Effects on soil chemical and physical properties (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 21 (1993), S. 117-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; maize ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; soil fertility ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Flemingia congesta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A detailed study of the soil chemical and physical properties in seven-year-old alley cropping trial containingLeucaena leucocephala andFlemingia congesta in Northern Zambia is described. There was a strong correlation between the maize yield and the total amount of nitrogen applied, both from prunings and fertiliser, suggesting that a major reason for the observed benefit from alley cropping, particularly withLeucaena, was due to an improvement in nitrogen supply.Leucaena produced significantly more biomass, and its leaves had higher concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and lower C/N and C/P ratios than did those ofFlemingia. There was also evidence that the trees had a beneficial effect on other soil chemical properties; under the hedgerows, particularly those ofLeucaena, there were higher levels of organic carbon, Mg, K and ECEC, and pH values were also highest. It is suggested that higher levels of organic carbon in the alley crop treatments were responsible for the improvements observed in soil physical properties. Lower bulk density, lower penetration resistance, and a higher infiltration rate and pore volume fraction were measured in the alley crops, although there was no significant change in the soil water release parameters. A deteriorating effect of constant applications of nitrogen fertiliser on soil fertility was observed; as the level of urea application increased, there were significant decreases in Mg, K and pH, increases in Al and soil acidity, and higher penetrometer resistance. These results highlight the urgent need for further research on biological methods of maintaining soil fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705224
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of inoculation with N2-fixing cyanobacteria on the nitrogenase activity in soil and rhizosphere of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogenase activity ; Acetylene reduction activity ; ARA ; Cyanobacteria ; Soil inoculation ; Wetland rice ; Root system ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A greenhouse experiment was conducted with wetland rice (Oryza sativa cv. IR-50) in a clay-loam soil (Fluventic Eutrochrept) to study the effect of cyanobacterial inoculation a mixed culture of Aulosira fertilissima, Nostoc muscorum, Nostoc spp., and Anabaena spp., applied at the rate of 0.15 g (dry weight pot-1 or 43 kg ha-1) on acetylene reduction activity in soil and the root system (excised root), and the grain and straw yield. The effects of applying P (40 kg ha-1), N (60 kg ha-1), and P+N to the soil were also evaluated. Cyanbacterial inoculation significantly increased (more than 200% on average) photo-dependent acetylene reduction activity in soils, particularly where the indigenous activity was considerably low, i.e. under unfertilized and N-fertilized conditions. The effect of inoculation was prominent at the maximum tillering and grain formation stages of the crop. This inoculation benefit was, however, marginal in P-applied soils (P and P+N), where the indigenous activity was stimulated more than threefold. The inoculation led to a remarkable increase in root-associative acetylene reduction activity after the maximum tillering stage of the crop, particularly with applied N but for other treatments this inoculation effect was not significant. Cyanobacterial inoculation also increased the grain and straw yield of the crop when N was not applied. The grain and straw yield was significantly correlated with the acetylene reduction activity in flooded soils and in the root system during the tillering and maximum tillering stages of rice growth, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336509
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield stability and fertilizer efficiency of long-term triple cereal cropping in paddy fields of China (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 151-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Triple cereal cropping ; Barley ; double-cropped rice ; Oryza sativa ; Wetland rice soils ; Stable grain yield ; Organic manuring ; Sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Triple cereal cropping is an important grain production pattern which has been adopted on a vast area of paddy fields in Southern China. A long-term triple cereal cropping (barely with double-cropped rice) experiment has been conducted for 18 years (1974–1991) in paddy fields on the southern coastal plain of Zhejiang. The results showed that long-term triple cereal cropping has a high and stable grain yield level if certain improved crop varieties are used. Furthermore, the use of organic manure to reduce yield fluctuations and promote N-use efficiency was evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369418
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of leaf blast on photosynthesis of rice. 1. Leaf photosynthesis (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 99 (1993), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Pyricularia ozyzae ; Oryza sativa ; respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect ofPyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of leaf blast in rice, on photosynthesis characteristics of rice leaves was measured in two greenhouse experiments. Leaf blast reduced photosynthesis not only through a reduction in green leaf area, but also through an effect on photosynthesis of green leaf tissue surrounding the lesions. The assimilation rate at light saturation (P max ) was more affected than the initial light use efficiency (∈). Dark respiration (R d ) increased as a result of infection. The experimental data were used to derive relations between leaf blast severity andP max , ∈ andR d .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974664
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of leaf blast on growth and production of a rice crop (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 99 (1993), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Pyricularia oryzae ; Oryza sativa ; crop loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rice crops grown under irrigated conditions were inoculated withPyricularia oryzae during early growth stages to study the effect of leaf blast on yield formation. The inoculations led to severe epidemics of leaf blast around maximum tillering, characterized by the presence of typical blast lesions and an accelerated senescence of heavily infested leaf tissue. Leaf blast led to a prolonged tillering and a delay in flowering and maturity. Crop growth rate and leaf area formation declined sharply during establishment of the disease and continued to be reduced till maturity. This resulted in a marked reduction of total dry matter production and grain yield. Dry matter distribution was not affected. Leaf blast reduced spikelet number, 1000 grain weight, and the fraction filled grains. From this last observation it was concluded that the reduction in grain yield was exclusively source determined. Nitrogen uptake of the inoculated crops before flowering was reduced compared to the N uptake of the control crop, but shoot N content of the inoculated crops at flowering was higher. Uptake of nitrogen after flowering was negligible in both healthy and inoculated crops. Redistribution from vegetative tissue was therefore the main source of N for grain growth. The higher N content of the shoot organs in the inoculated crops during ripening led to the conclusion that the reduced N uptake was not responsible for the yield reduction observed. Consequently, the reduction in grain yield was solely determined by a reduced carbohydrate supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974313
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of leaf blast on photosynthesis of rice 2. Canopy photosynthesis (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 99 (1993), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Pyricularia oryza ; Oryza sativa ; simulation model ; respiration ; vertical distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect ofPyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of leaf blast in rice, on photosynthetic rate of a rice crop was determined with mobile equipment in the field. Canopy CO2 exchanges rate (CER) was significantly reduced in plots inoculated withP. oryzae. The experimentally obtained data were used to evaluate the performance of a model for the effects of leaf blast on canopy photosynthesis. The model comprised photosynthesis and respiration routines of a mechanistic crop growth model, extended with submodels for effects of leaf blast on both processes. Canopy photosynthesis and the effect of leaf blast on CER were accurately simulated with the model. Analysis showed that the reduction in canopy photosynthesis was mainly due to an adverse effect of lesions on leaf photosynthetic rate and to shading by dead leaf are resulting from disease induced senescence. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated the importance of the vertical distribution of the disease in the canopy. This implies that disease monitoring for crop loss assessment should consider vertical disease distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974665
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Niacin, thiamin, and pantothenic acid bioavailability to humans from maize bran as affected by milling and particle size (1993)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 43 (1993), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: maize ; bran ; niacin ; thiamin ; pantothenic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the project was to determine the bioavailability of selected B vitamins (niacin, pantothenic acid and thiamin) to humans from wet and dry milled maize brans which were coarsely or finely ground. Using a double cross-over design, the nine subjects were fed laboratory controlled diets containing unsupplemented bread or bread supplemented with finely ground, wet milled maize bran; coarsely ground, wet milled maize bran; finely ground, dry milled corn bran; or coarsely ground, dry milled maize bran. Subjects made complete collections of urine throughout the study which were analyzed for contents of the test vitamins. Although varying somewhat among vitamins, in general, better apparent bioavailability was achieved with the finely ground, dry milled maize bran than with the other test brans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01088100
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of sugar retention by roots of intact maize and field bean plants (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: field bean ; maize ; plasmalemma ATPase ; proton motive force ; retrieval mechanism ; root exudates ; sugar/proton cotransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The re-uptake of sugars driven by the proton gradient was studied in sugar net-release and net-uptake experiments using roots of intact maize (Zea mays cv. Blizzard) and field bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) plants. The net release of sugars into the root medium (0.1 mM CaSO4) was stimulated by: the protonophore CCCP (10 μM); the sulfhydryl reagent NEM (300 μM); the specific inhibitor of plasmalemma ATPase vanadate (0.5 mM); and the inhibitor of the glucose carrier phlorizin (2 mM). Net uptake of glucose, fructose and arabinose from 10 μM external concentrations was also inhibited by these substances. Surprisingly fusicoccin, a stimulator of net proton release did not effect net sugar uptake. Medium pH values only influenced sugar net uptake if the pH was above 7. It is concluded that a degradation of the proton gradient across the plasmalemma stimulates net sugar release because of disturbed re-uptake of sugars (in particular glucose) via a proton/sugar cotransport system. Thus, the retention of sugars by root cells not only depends on the plasmalemma permeability but also on the electro-chemical proton gradient. If an electro-chemical proton gradient is established by plasmalemma ATPase activity the re-uptake of sugars by proton/sugar cotransport minimizes the release of sugars into the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024993
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influx and efflux of amino acids from Zea mays L. roots and their implications for N nutrition and the rhizosphere (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amino acids ; maize ; rhizosphere ; root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of Zea mays L. roots to regulate the amount of free amino acids present in the rhizosphere. The active uptake of amino acids was shown to conform to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Comparison of amino acid-N and NO3-N kinetic parameters and soil solution concentrations showed that root uptake of free amino acids from soil may contribute significantly to a plant's N budget. The influx of amino acids also helps to minimize net C/N losses to the soil, and is therefore important in regulating the size of the rhizosphere microbial population. Experimental data and a computer simulation model of amino acid influx/efflux in a sterile solution culture, showed that roots were capable of re-sorping over 90% of the amino acids previously lost into solution as a result of passive diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024990
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-situ determination of the P-relations around the primary root of maize with respect to inorganic and phytate-P (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: autoradiography ; freeze-cutting ; maize ; P-accumulation ; P-depletion ; phytate-P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Autoradiographs of soil slices mapping the distribution of phytate-derived33P around the primary root of 6-day-old maize seedlings were used to investigate the uptake of phytate by the root. Analysis of the autoradiographs with a laser densitometer and processing of the data with image analysing software resulted in a resolution of 40 μm. The effect of33P-crossfire was corrected by analysis of the apparent33P-gradient around a phosphate-impermeable teflon tube that was inserted into the labeled soil as a standard. In spite of the high resolution achieved, a significant depletion zone could not be detected when the soil was equilibrated with33P-phytate. However, with33P-inorganic phosphate, 2 concentric zones were obvious. Within the inner zone, P was accumulated by about 20%, while in the outer zone a corresponding depletion of P could be detected. The accumulation zone coincided with the extension of the root hair cylinder, whereas the depleted area was clearly beyond the range of the root hairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390221
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of nitrate uptake by aluminium in maize (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 151 (1993), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; ammonium ; induction ; maize ; nitrate ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments with two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were conducted to determine (a) if the inhibition of nitrate uptake by aluminium involved a restriction in the induction (synthesis/assemblage) of nitrate transporters, and (b) if the magnitude of the inhibition was affected by the concurrent presence of ambient ammonium. At pH 4.5, the rate of nitrate uptake from 240 μM NH4NO3 was maximally inhibited by 100 μM aluminium, but there was little measurable effect on the rate of ammonium uptake. Presence of ambient aluminium did not eliminate the characteristic induction pattern of nitrate uptake upon first exposure of nitrogen-depleted seedlings to that ion. Removal of ambient aluminium after six hours of induction resulted in recovery within 30 minutes to rates of nitrate uptake that were similar to those of plants induced in absence of aluminium. Addition of aluminium to plants that had been induced in absence of aluminium rapidly restricted the rate of nitrate uptake to the level of plants that had been induced in the presence of aluminium. The data are interpreted as indicating that aluminium inhibited the activity of nitrate transporters to a greater extent than the induction of those transporters. When aluminium was added at initiation of induction, the effect of ambient ammonium on development of the inhibition by aluminium differed between the two hybrids. The responses indicate a complex interaction between the aluminium and ammonium components of high acidity soils in their influence on nitrate uptake. ei]{gnA C}{fnBorstlap}
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010790
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the location and function of plant nutrients in vivo (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: compartmentation ; cytoplasm ; 39K NMR ; maize ; nitrogen ; 14N NMR ; 15N NMR ; pea ; phosphorus ; potassium ; 31P NMR ; vacuole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The cytoplasmic and vacuolar pools of ammonium, inorganic phosphate and potassium can be studied non-invasively in plant tissues using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The techniques that allow these pools to be discriminated in vivo are described and their application to plants is reviewed with reference to the phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium nutrition of root tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024983
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-situ determination of the P-relations around the primary root of maize with respect to inorganic and phytate-P (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: autoradiography ; freeze-cutting ; maize ; P-accumulation ; P-depletion ; phytate-P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Autoradiographs of soil slices mapping the distribution of phytate-derived 33P around the primary root of 6-day-old maize seedlings were used to investigate the uptake of phytate by the root. Analysis of the autoradiographs with a laser densitometer and processing of the data with image analysing software resulted in a resolution of 40 μm. The effect of 33P-crossfire was corrected by analysis of the apparent 33P-gradient around a phosphate-impermeable teflon tube that was inserted into the labeled soil as a standard. In spite of the high resolution achieved, a significant depletion zone could not be detected when the soil was equilibrated with 33P-phytate. However, with 33P-inorganic phosphate, 2 concentric zones were obvious. Within the inner zone, P was accumulated by about 20%, while in the outer zone a corresponding depletion of P could be detected. The accumulation zone coincided with the extension of the root hair cylinder, whereas the depleted area was clearly beyond the range of the root hairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038742
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil water content on the gravitropic behavior of nodal roots in maize (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 152 (1993), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: gravitropism ; growth angle ; maize ; nodal roots ; soil water content ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The direction of root growth is an important factor that determines the spatial distribution of roots in the soil. The influence of soil water content on the direction of growth of maize nodal roots was studied both in the field and in the greenhouse. In the field experiment, the one plot was regularly irrigated (I-plot) and the other non-irrigated (N-plot). In the greenhouse experiment, three water treatments were conducted on plants grown in pots: continuously wet (CW), early drying (ED), and late drying (LD). The direction of root growth was quantified by the angle from the vertical, measured at 1 cm intervals for 10 cm from the first five internodes. Nodal roots grew more vertically in the N-plot and ED treatment than those in the I-plot and CW treatment. This was due to the decrease of the initial angle and/or the liminal angle. It is therefore thought that two events regulate the growth direction of nodal roots under dry soil conditions: gravitropic bending at root emergence from the stem and the later establishment of the angle of growth. Nodal roots appearing after rewatering in the ED treatment grew in a similar direction as those in the CW treatment. It follows from this that the water content of the surrounding soil has a direct effect on the direction of growth. Nodal roots that emerged in rapidly drying soil in the LD treatment ceased growing after showing negative gravitropism. The possible mechanisms determining the growth direction of nodal roots in drier soils are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029096
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mulching effect of plant residues with chemically contrasting compositions on maize growth and nutrients accumulation (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfisols ; maize ; mulch quality ; nutrient uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of application of prunings of three woody species (Acioa barteri, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala), maize (Zea mays L.) stover and rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw as mulch on maize were studied on an Alfisol in southern Nigeria in 1990 and 1991. Maize dry matter and grain yield were higher with applications of plant residues and N fertilizer in both years. Addition of Leucaena prunings gave the highest maize grain yield in both years. Compared to the 1990 results, Acioa showed the least grain yield decline among the mulch treatments in 1991. Nutrient uptake was enhanced by applications of plant residues. Leucaena prunings had the highest effect in both years and increased the mean N, P, and Mg uptake by 96%, 84%, and 50%, respectively, over the control. Addition of Acioa prunings increased K and Ca uptake by 59% and 92%, respectively, over the control. ‘High quality’ (low C/N ratio and lignin level) plant residues enhance crop performance through direct nutritional contributions, whereas ‘low quality’ (high C/N ratio and lignin level) plant residues do so through mulching effects on the microclimate. ‘Intermediate quality’ plant residues have no clear effects on crop performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012990
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of phytase on the availability of P from myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) for maize roots (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 154 (1993), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bioavailability ; maize ; myo-inositol ; phosphorus ; phytase ; phytin ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of adding phytase to the root medium of maize plants on the P-availability of added myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytin) has been studied in pot experiments. When 40 mM phytin-P in nutrient solution was incubated in quartz-sand for 15 days in the absence of plants, 80% of it could be recovered from the solution as soluble organic P. Maize plants growing on this mixture assimilated P from phytin at rates comparable to those from inorganic phosphate (Pi). At a lower addition rate (2 mM phytin-P) only 10% was recovered in the soil solution, and plant growth was severely limited by P. At this low phytin level, the addition of phytase (10 enzyme units per kg sand) increased the plants' dry weight yield by 32%. The relative increases of the Pi concentration in the solution and of the amount of P in the plants were even higher, indicating that the observed growth stimulation was due to an increased rate of phytin hydrolysis. The enzyme-induced growth stimulation was also observed with plants growing in pots filled with soil low in P, when phytin was added. However, on three different soils the addition rates of phytin and phytase necessary for obtaining a significant phytase effect were both about 10 times higher than those required in quartzsand. It is concluded that the P-availability from organic sources can be limited by the rate of their hydrolytic cleavage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012524
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of critical temperatures and panicle development stage for fertility change of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line ‘5460S’ (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice (TGMSR) ; critical temperature ; sensitive panicle development stage ; fertility change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of a 1–5 day low temperature treatment applied at different stages during panicle development on the male sterility of 5460S, a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line (TGMSR), was studied. Before and after the period of low temperature treatments the plants were continuously grown under 14.75 h daylength and 29.6° C average temperature (max. 33° C/min. 29° C) in growth chambers in order to avoid any other possible influences on the male sterility. The results indicate that the plant responses to low temperature was dependant on the developmental stage of the young panicle. The stages from formation of pollen mother cell to late uninucleate of pollen grains were the most sensitive to temperature. It is concluded that the critical temperature for the fertility change from male sterile to partially fertile in ‘5460S’ is about 28.5° C in the sensitive panicle development stages under the condition studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022721
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype selection via a new yield-stability statistic in maize yield trials (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 70 (1993), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: maize ; genotype × environment interaction ; stability analysis ; cultivar testing ; YSi statistic ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotype × environment (GE) interaction complicates selection of superior genotypes across environments. The main objective of this study was to select maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes via a new yield-stability (YSi) statistic in yield trials conducted in Albania. Another objective was to estimate contribution of environmental index (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqadIfagaqeaa% aa!3851!\[\bar X\]·j − % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqadIfagaqeaa% aa!3851!\[\bar X\].., where % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqadIfagaqeaa% aa!3851!\[\bar X\]·j is mean of all genotypes in the jth environment and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiqadIfagaqeaa% aa!3851!\[\bar X\]is mean of all genotypes across all environments), minimum temperature, maximum temperature, preseason rainfall, rainfall during the growing season, and relative humidity to GE interaction by determining heterogeneity (nonadditivity) attributable to each of these environmental factors. In five of eight trials, heterogeneity due to environmental index was significant. Heterogeneity due to the other environmental factors was not significant in any trial. A comparison of δ i 2 (stability-variance statistic derived from total GE interaction) and s i 2 (stability-variance statistic derived from residual GE interaction following removal of heterogeneity due to encovariate) helped identify genotypes that performed stably or unstably because of a linear effect of environmental index. In three of the five trials showing significant heterogeneity due to environmental index, the YSi statistic selected a reduced number of unstable genotypes as compared with selection based solely on yield. However, the circumstances or conditions under which YSi and solely yield-based method select the same or different genotypes are not fully understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029647
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical investigation of long-term stored maize pollen (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; pollen storage ; pollen grain viability ; pollen enzymes ; pollen physiology ; enzyme cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Maize pollen quality was investigated after long-term storage both in a refrigerator and in liquid nitrogen by a combination of viability tests and cytochemical methods. Determination of the activities of a number of enzymes involved in important metabolic pathways was carried out. Quinone formation was also studied, as some products of secondary metabolism affect pollen grain viability. One year of pollen storage in liquid nitrogen had little effect on the activities of oxidoreductases and hydrolases and had no significant effect on pollen grain viability evaluated by acetocarmine, neutral red and acridine organe. Only the FCR test showed slightly decreased viability. After one and two years of storage in a refrigerator, pollen grain viability, tested using acetocarmine, neutral red and acridine orange, did not change substantially. Simultaneously the FCR test showed a considerable decrease in pollen grain viability. Long-term storage in a refrigerator resulted in the loss of cytochrome oxidase activity and rise of alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities as well as of quinone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023776
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-filled root porosity in response to temporary low oxygen supply in different growth stages (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 152 (1993), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aeration ; aerenchyma ; carnation ; cucumber ; gerbera ; maize ; oxygen stress ; oxygen transport ; redox dye ; rice ; rose ; sugar beet ; sweet pepper ; tomato ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The development of gas-filled root porosity in response to temporary low oxygen supply was tested for a range of edible and ornamental crops: rice, maize, wheat, sugar beet, tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, carnation, gerbera and rose. In a first experiment, the roots of tomato, maize and gerbera had a higher gas-filled root porosity, Ep (% v/v), when grown permanently in a non-aerated instead of aerated solution. The Ep of roots increased during two weeks when half the root system of a young plant was transferred to a non-aerated solution; in older plants this response was not seen. Carnation had a negligible gas-filled porosity in all treatments. In a second experiment, a comparison was made between high (20 kPa) and low (about 2 kPa) O2 partial pressure in a recirculating nutrient solution. Half of the root system was transferred to low O2 at various growth stages. In most species older plants did not increase Ep on exposure to low O2. For tomato, sweet pepper and rose, Ep was normally in the range 3–8% (v/v). Young plants of cucumber, wheat and sugar beet also had an Ep in that range, but in older plants values ranged from 1 to 3%. Transverse root sections examined by light microscopy showed, on average, 60% more intercellular spaces in the root cortex than the measurements of gas-filled porosity, probably because some gaps and spaces in the cortex were not gas-filled. This effect was most pronounced in tomato. A negative pressure in the cortex may be needed for gaps to be gas-filled. An exodermis may increase the effectiveness of gas spaces in the cortex by closing the gas channels and, by offering some resistance to water uptake, allowing a negative pressure head in the cortex which keeps gaps gas-filled. A redox dye method was developed to study the length of root which is effectively supplied with oxygen, as a function of Ep. Results indicated that for every percent Ep the root can remain aerated over at least 1 cm in a non-aerated medium under the conditions of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029088
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences between maize and wheat in growth-related nutrient demand and uptake of potassium and phosphorus at suboptimal root zone temperatures (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 150 (1993), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: adaptation ; maize ; nutrient uptake ; root growth ; root temperature ; shoot base temperature ; shoot growth ; shoot demand per unit of roots ; spring wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of low root zone temperatures (RZT) on nutrient demand for growth and the capacity for nutrient acquisition were compared in maize and wheat growing in nutrient solution. To differentiate between direct temperature effects on nutrient uptake and indirect effects via an altered ratio of shoot to root growth, the plants were grown with their shoot base including apical shoot meristem either within the root zone (low SB), i.e. at RZT (12°, 16°, or 20°C) or, above the root zone (high SB), i.e. at uniformly high air temperature (20°/16° day/night). At low SB, suboptimal RZT reduced shoot growth more than root growth in wheat, whereas the opposite was true in maize. However, in both species the shoot growth rate per unit weight of roots, which was taken as parameter for the shoot demand for mineral nutrients per unit of roots, decreased at low RZT. Accordingly, the concentrations of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) remained constant or even increased at low RZT despite reduced uptake rates. At high SB, shoot growth at low RZT in both species was higher than at low SB, whereas root growth was not increased. At high SB, the shoot demand per unit of roots was similar for all RZT in wheat, but increased with decreasing RZT in maize. Uptake rates of K at high SB and low RZT adapted to shoot demand within four days, and were even higher in maize than in wheat. Uptake rates of P adapted more slowly to shoot demand in both species, resulting in reduced concentrations of P in the shoot, particularly in maize. In conclusion, the two species did not markedly differ in their physiological capacity for uptake of K and P at low RZT. However, maize had a lower ability than wheat to adapt morphologically to suboptimal RZT by increasing biomass allocation towards the roots. This may cause a greater susceptibility of maize to nutrient deficiency, particularly if the temperatures around the shoot base are high and uptake is limited by nutrient transport processes in the soil towards the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00779183
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping in semi-arid tropics (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alley cropping ; C/N ratio ; decomposition ; fertilizer N ; leucaena N ; leucaena residues ; lignin ; maize ; N mineralization ; 15N recovery ; N uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The success of alley cropping depends to a large extent on the efficiency of transfer of nitrogen (N) from the legume hedgerow plants to the non-legume crop. Here the idea is examined that leucaena prunings (residues) can supply enough N to maize plants to significantly reduce the degree of N deficiency. Two experiments on decomposition of leucaena leaf, stem, and petiole and mineralization of N from leucaena residues were conducted in field microplots which received application of either15N-labelled leucaena materials or ammonium sulphate fertilizer. The microplots were installed in alleys formed by leucaena hedgerows spaced 4.5 metres apart and cropped with maize. The decomposition of leucaena leaves, stems and petioles was estimated by several methods. The decomposition ranged from 50–58% with leaves, 25–67% with stems and 38–51% with petioles 20 days after addition. More than 55% of the N was released in 52 days during decomposition of leucaena residues. By 20 days after application of15N-labelled leucaena 3.3–9.4% of the added15N was found in the maize plants, 32.7–49.0% was in the leucaena residues, 36.0–48.0% in the soil and 0.3–21.9% lost (deficit). By 52 days 4.8% of the15N applied in leucaena prunings was taken up by maize, 45.1% was detected in the residues, 24.9% in the soil and 25.2% lost. However, when N fertilizer was applied, 50.2% of the fertilizer N was recovered by maize, 35.5% was retained in the soil and 14.3% apparently lost. There was a marked increase in maize plant dry matter and N uptake in the microplots with addition of leucaena prunings compared with those in the microplots without leucaena added. Most of the15N remaining in the soil profile, derived from leucaena residues, was detected in the top 25 cm soil with less than 2% found below 25 cm. ei]H Lambers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185385
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient fluxes in the shifting cultivation system of south-west Côte d'Ivoire (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 154 (1993), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ash ; burning ; Côte d'Ivoire ; efficiency of utilization of nutrients ; maize ; nutrient uptake ; residual effects ; shifting cultivation ; Taï National Park ; upland rice ; weed growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At two sites, one with a 4-year-old (4-Y) secondary vegetation and the other with a 20-year-old (20-Y) vegetation, the influence of burning slashed vegetation on crop performance was studied during three seasons. In the first season after clearing, also the influence on weed growth was studied. At both sites, burning significantly decreased the number of weed seedlings. The lowest number of seedlings was found on the burnt plots of the 20-Y site. Burning increased yield and nutrient uptake significantly in the first and second season after clearing. In the third season after burning, only at the 4-Y site a significantly higher yield and nutrient uptake were found. At the 20-Y site the effect had disappeared. Calculations of efficiency of utilization of absorbed N, P and K indicated that P was the least available nutrient, also after burning. At both sites three consecutive crops absorbed approximately 40% of P applied in ash, while the cumulative recovery of K was at least 36% at the 4-Y site and at least 59% at the 20-Y site. On non-burnt plots, yields were not lower in the third season than in the first season after clearing, thus indicating that the inherent soil fertility did not decrease. Hence, yield decline on the burnt plots could be ascribed to ash depletion. It was concluded that in the local shifting cultivation system, the combination of ash depletion and infestation of weeds are the main reasons for abandoning the fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012523
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind proline accumulation during mineral deficiency in Oryza sativa (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: iron ; mineral deficiency ; mitochondrial electron transport ; NADH ; Oryza sativa ; proline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of proline in shoots of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings raised in distilled water was about 3.3 times higher than in the seedlings raised in modified B5 medium. The shoots of seedlings raised in B5 medium which was depleted of calcium, iron, magnesium or potassium had a higher concentration of proline than those grown in standard B5 medium. The shoots of seedlings raised in distilled water with iron had a lower level of proline than those in distilled water. These results suggest that iron deficiency leads to high proline accumulation. The electron transport activity of mitochondria from shoots of etiolated seedlings raised in distilled water or iron-depleted B5 medium was significantly lower than those from equivalent seedlings raised with an iron source. As suppression in mitochondrial electron transport leads to an increase in NADH/NAD+ ratio, we propose that the prime cause of the proline accumulation during iron deficiency is to readily maintain NADH/NAD+ ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025084
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic stress and water stress have opposite effects on putrescine and proline production in excised rice leaves (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; jasmonic acid methyl ester ; Oryza sativa ; osmotic stress ; proline ; putrescine ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of water stress and osmotic stress (sorbitol treatment) on the production of putrescine and proline in excised rice leaves were compared. Osmotic stress and water stress were found to affect differentially the levels of putrescine and proline in excised rice leaves. Putrescine accumulation is induced by osmotic stress, whereas proline accumulation is induced by water stress. The effects of ABA on the levels of proline and putrescine are similar to those of water stress, whereas the effects of jasmonic acid methyl ester (JA-Me) are similar to those of osmotic stress. Water stress results in an increase of endogenous ABA is excised rice leaves. However, neither osmotic stress nor JA-Me has effect on endogenous ABA levels in excised rice leaves. Of particular interest is the finding that proline levels increase when putrescine levels induced by osmotic stress or JA-Me are reduced by D-arginine and α-methylornithine. L-arginine and L-ornithine applied exogenously also cause an increase in proline levels. It seems that L-arginine and L-ornithine are preferentially utilized as precursors for putrescine accumulation in excised rice leaves treated with osmotic stress and JA-Me, and for proline accumulation in excised rice leaves exposed to water stress and ABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024262
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in putrescine accumulation induced by agents affecting cytosolic pH in detached rice leaves (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: cytosolic pH ; Oryza sativa ; putrescine ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of compounds that influenced cytosolic pH on the level of putrescine in detached rice leaves were examined. Permeant weak acids, isobutyric acid and propionic acid, increased the level of putrescine in detached rice leaves. Procaine and trisodium citrate, known to be permeant weak bases, on the other hand, decreased the level of putrescine. It seems possible that the level of putrescine in detached rice leaves is regulated by the cytosolic pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024255
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salicylic acid inhibits the biosynthesis of ethylene in detached rice leaves (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 12 (1993), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: ethylene biosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of salicylic acid (SA) on ethylene biosynthesis in detached rice leaves were investigated. SA at pH 3.5 effectively inhibited ethylene production within 2 h of its application. It inhibited the conversion of ACC to ethylene, but did not affect the levels of ACC and conjugated ACC. Thus, the inhibitory effect of SA resulted from the inhibition of both synthesis of ACC and the conversion of ACC to ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144586
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fertilizer in leucaena alley cropping. II. residual value of nitrogen fertilizer and leucaena residues (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: leucaena ; maize ; 15N recovery ; residual15N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Legume residues have been credited with supplying mineral nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal crop and improving soil fertility in the long term. Few studies using15N have reported the fate of legume N and fertilizer N in the presence of legume residues in soil-plant systems over periods of two years or longer. A field experiment was conducted in microplots to evaluate: (1) the residual value of the15N added in leucaena residues; (2) the residual value of fertilizer15N applied in the presence of unlabelled leucaena residues in the first year to maize over three subsequent years; and (3) the long-term fate of residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in a leucaena alley cropping system. There was a significant increase in maize production over three subsequent years after addition of leucaena residues. The residual effect of fertilizer N increased maize yield in the second year when N fertilizer was applied at 36 kg N ha−1 in the first year in the presence of leucaena residues. Of the leucaena15N applied in the first year, the second, third and fourth maize crop recovered 2.6%, 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively. The corresponding values for the residual fertilizer15N were 0.7%, 0.4% and 0.3%. About 12–14% of the fertilizer15N added in the first year was found in the 200 cm soil profile over the following three years. This differed from the 38–41% of leucaena15N detected in the soil over the same period. Most of the residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in the soil was immobilized in the top 25 cm with less than 1% leached below 100 cm. More than 36% of the leucaena15N and fertilizer15N added in the first year was apparently lost from the soil-plant system in the first two years. No further loss of the residual leucaena and fertilizer15N was detected after two years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749953
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of feeding maize husk and leucaena mixed or separately on the voluntary intake of the husk (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 24 (1993), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: intake ; maize ; husk ; leucaena ; goats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of feeding maize (Zea mays L.) husk and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as a mixture or separately on the voluntary intake of maize husk was studied over a 40-day period. Ten male goats with an average weight of 15 kg were used. The maize husk intake and total dry matter intake for the two feeding methods was about the same. Thus, total dry matter intake was not affected (P〈0.05) by the feeding method. There was also no significant difference (P〈0.05) between the two feeding methods in the digestibility values. The data were considered to indicate that there were no significant differences in the intake of maize husk when fed in a mixture with leucaena or when offered separately but at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705626
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the SCUAF model to simulate natural miombo woodland and maize monoculture ecosystems in Zimbabwe (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 22 (1993), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: SCUAF ; computer model ; soil carbon ; soil nitrogen ; miombo ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract ‘Soil Changes Under Agroforestry’ (SCUAF), a computer model designed to predict changes in erosion, soil carbon and soil nitrogen over time within various agroforestry systems and climatic regimes, was assessed using input data from an undisturbed miombo woodland and an adjacent maize field in Zimbabwe. Predicted changes in soil carbon were in a realistic range for both miombo and maize treatments. However, the accuracy of the model may be a reflection of the detail required in its initialisation. Several problematic relationships were found within the model, in particular inconsistent patterns between nitrogen uptake and plant productivity under complex fertilisation simulations and a lack of attenuation of productivity in the simulation of miombo woodland as it approached maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705238
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of alley-cropping data from Northern Brazil. I. Distributional properties (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 22 (1993), S. 241-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; Inga edulis ; maize ; beans ; statistical analysis ; distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Measurements from trees and plants of a BrazilianInga/maize/beans alleycrop experiment were assessed for their distributional properties for three years of the study. Results for the tree data were similar to those found in an earlier study. Results for the crop data demonstrated similarities between the distributions for alleycrops and solecrops, nonnormality shown by positive skewness and peaked distributions. Changes in the distributional shapes were demonstrated from year to year as soil nutrient depletion increased and as climatic variables fluctuated. Variation across the rows in the alley was often of a similar size to variation from plant to plant within the rows. Initial recommendations for analysis of such data are given on the basis of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705237
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination of stem elongation ability with submergence tolerance in rice (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 68 (1993), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: deepwater rice ; elongation ability ; Oryza sativa ; submergence tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was conducted with six F2 populations to test the possibility of combining submergence tolerance and stem elongation ability into a single genotype of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Submergence tolerance and stem elongation ability could be combined in the same genotype if strongly submergence tolerant genes are present in submergence tolerant parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024149
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latent period to leaf blast in rice and its importance as a component of partial resistance (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: leaf blast ; Magnaporthe grisea ; Oryza sativa ; partial resistance ; Pyricularia oryzae ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In many pathosystems, a prolonged latent period is an important component of partial resistance. Latent period in rice to leaf blast was assessed in cultivars representing a fairly wide range of partial resistance under various conditions that are known to influence the expression of partial resistance considerably. The latent period was slightly more than four days and varied only little between treatments, with a maximum difference of only eight hours between cultivars. The very small differences in latent period were not associated with differences in partial resistance due to cultivar, nitrogen, or leaf age effects. It was concluded that the latent period is of no importance as a component of partial resistance to leaf blast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022364
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of mesocotyl length and its relationship with other agronomic characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: mesocotyl ; diallel cross ; rice ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Mesocotyl length is an important character in promoting seedling emergence of direct-seeded rice. Genetic analysis of rice mesocotyl length was conducted using a six parent diallel cross. Generation mean analysis was carried out on parents (P), F1, F2 and backcrosses (B) of three crosses to complement the genetic information from the diallel analysis. Both analyses demonstrated the presence of significant additive and dominance effects. Duplicate type of non-allelic interaction was detected by the generation mean analysis and two crosses showed significant negative dominance gene effect. Dominance was partial and the narrow sense heritability estimate for mesocotyl length was high, indicating the preponderance of the additive effects. Mesocotyl length was negatively but weakly correlated with the coleoptile length and length of the second internode L2. There was no correlation between mesocotyl length and other mature plant characters such as plant height and internode lengths L1, (L1 being the peduncle with subsequent internodes to the base of the plant). Selection for mesocotyl length can therefore be carried out independent of these plant characters and semidwarf rice varieties with long mesocotyl can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034157
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-parent heterosis and combining ability of European corn borer resistance in maize (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 72 (1993), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: diallel analysis ; host plant resistance ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; plant breeding ; Zea mays ; maize ; European corn borer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Success in breeding maize resistant to the European corn borer has been limited, with the exception of leaf feeding resistance. The inheritance of resistance to leaf, sheath-collar and ear damage in four maize germplasms and their six F1 crosses was evaluated by diallel analysis. Plants in a completely randomized design were artificially infested at the whorl, anthesis or full silk stage of plant development and were evaluated in the field for insect damage. A damage index based on size, number and location of lesions was calculated for each stage. Stowell's Evergreen (susceptible) had a mean damage index three to six times that of Maiz Amargo (resistant) at the whorl stage and the progeny plants were more resistant than the susceptible parent. Maiz Amargo and its crosses had significantly lower mean indices than Stowell's Evergreen for sheath-collar damage in Year 1 but not Year 2. Zapalote Chico, Maiz Amargo and their cross were significantly less damaged than other genotypes at the full silk stage. Heterosis values indicated an increase in resistance of crosses over the midparent average at all three stages of development. General combining ability (GCA) was highly significant for all types of damage, but specific combining ability was significant only for leaf damage. Based on estimates of GCA, Maiz Amargo was the best source of resistance to leaf and sheath-collar damage and both Zapalote Chico and Maiz Amargo would be good parents for ear damage resistance. Results suggest that resistance at different plant development stages can be combined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023774
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional disorders between potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus in soil (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 154 (1993), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: activity ratio ; ammonium phosphate ; chloride ; maize ; sandy loam ; soil extracts ; sulphate ; superphosphate ; unbalanced nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new soil testing procedure has been used to demonstrate the effect of an overfertilization by potassium during the preceding years. The total concentration of cations was governed by the amount of soluble anions and the proportion between the different cations was dependent on exchange reactions and is described by activity ratio. High activity ratio between potassium and calcium induced Ca-deficiency, which resulted in a restricted root functioning shown by periodic decreases of nutrient uptake rates and plant growth rate. P-deficiency restricted root growth, but although ammonium phosphate was most effective to increase P-concentration in soil extracts and P-absorption by plants, ordinary superphosphate gave the highest yield and the best utilization of the absorbed phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011066
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in nitrogen fixation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropped with maize (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 152 (1993), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: common bean ; maize ; intercropping ; nitrogen fixation ; 15N isotope ; 15N natural variation ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Thirty one selected bean lines were evaluated in the field for ability to support N2 fixation when intercropped with maize which received 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 as ammonium sulphate. The amount of fixed N2 was estimated using the natural variation of 15N and wheat as the standard non-fixing crop. Nitrogen as low as 15 kg N ha−1 at sowing suppressed nodule weight and activity (acetylene reduction activity) but not nodule number, suggesting that the main effect of mineral N was on nodule development and function. 15N data revealed a high potential of the bean genotypes to fix N2, with the most promising ones averaging between 50–60% of seed N coming from fixation. Bean lines CNF-480, Puebla-152, Mexico-309, Negro Argel, CNF-178, Venezuela-350 and WBR22-3, WBR22-50 and WBR22-55 were ranked as good fixers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016337
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-sorption of organic compounds by roots of Zea mays L. and its consequences in the rhizosphere (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 47-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: maize ; mathematical model ; re-sorption ; rhizosphere ; root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The exudation of soluble carbon compounds from Zea mays roots was investigated over a 10 day growth period under sterile and non-sterile solution culture conditions. The results showed that plants grown in sterile static solution culture, where C was allowed to accumulate, released 8 times less C than plants grown under culture conditions in which the solutions were replaced daily. The increased C loss from plant cultures in which exudates were removed daily was attributable to, (a) the reduced potential for root re-sorption of previously lost C, and (b), increasing diffusion gradients between the root and the surrounding bathing solution increasing passive leakage of exudates from the roots. In treatments where C was removed daily from the root-bathing solution, 86% of the total C lost was of a soluble low molecular weight nature, whereas, in sterile and non-sterile static cultures, allowing the accumulation of C over 10 days, this was reduced to 67.5 and 48% respectively. The main C fluxes operating in a solution culture system (efflux and influx of C by both roots and microorganisms) were examined using a computer simulation model to describe movement of soluble sugar-C in both sterile and non-sterile conditions. In sterile static cultures where C was allowed to accumulate in solution over a 10 day growth period, 98% of the C exuded was re-absorbed by the plant. Where C was removed daily from the root-bathing solution this was reduced to 86%. The predicted patterns of C accumulation were similar to those found in the experiments. Simulations showed that the pattern of accumulation and final equilibrium concentrations were dependent on the rate of exudation, the spatial characteristics of exudation, solution volume, root growth rate and the presence of a microbial population. Simulations under non-sterile conditions showed that roots can compete with microorganisms for exudates in solution indicating the possible importance of re-sorption in a soil environment. The results clearly indicate that roots are capable of regulating the net amount of C released into a solution culture with the amount of C collected being highly dependent on the experimental conditions employed. The possible implications of soluble C influx on processes operating within the rhizosphere and in experimental systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010543
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimates of the residual nitrogen benefit of groundnut to maize in Northeast Thailand (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 154 (1993), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: added nitrogen interactions ; groundnut ; maize ; nitrogen ; 15N-isotope methodology ; residual effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four cultivars of groundnut were grown in upland soil in Northeast Thailand to study the residual benefit of the stover to a subsequent maize crop. An N-balance estimate of the total residual N in the maize supplied by the groundnut was made. In addition three independent estimates were made of the residual benefits to maize when the groundnut stover was returned to the land and incorporated. The first estimate (Estimate 1) was an N-balance estimate. A dual labelling approach was used where 15N-labelled stover was added to unlabelled microplots (Estimate 2) or unlabelled stover was added to 15N-labelled soil microplots (Estimate 3). The nodulating groundnut cultivars fixed between 59–64% of their nitrogen (as estimated by the 15N isotope dilution method using non-nodulating groundnut as a non-fixing reference) producing between 100 and 130 kg N ha-1 in their stover. Although the following maize crop suffered from drought stress, maize grain N and dry weights were up to 80% and 65% greater respectively in the plots where the stover was returned as compared with the plots where the stover was removed. These benefits were comparable with applications of 75 kg N ha-1 nitrogen in the form of urea. The total residual N estimates of the contribution of the nodulated groundnut to the maize ranged from 16.4–27.5 kg N ha-1. Estimates of the residual N supplied by the stover and fallen leaves ranged from 11.9–21.3 kg N ha-1 using the N-balance method (Estimate 1), from 6.3–9.6 kg N ha-1 with the labelled stover method (Estimate 2) and from 0–11.4 kg N ha-1 with the labelled soil method. There was closest agreement between the two 15N based estimates suggesting that ‘apparent added nitrogen interactions’ in these soils may not be important and that N balance estimates can overestimate the residual N in crops following legumes, even in very poor soils. This work also indicates the considerable ability of local groundnut cultivars to fix atmospheric nitrogen and the potential benefits from returning and incorporating legume residues to the soil in the upland cropping systems of Northeast Thailand. The applicability of the 15N methodology used here and possible reasons for the discrepancies between estimates 1, 2 and 3 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012532
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen use efficiency of rice reconsidered: What are the key constraints? (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 15N ; microbial biomass ; nitrogen uptake efficiency ; Oryza sativa ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recent field studies on irrigated rice at the IRRI research farm indicate efficient use of fertilizer-N based on plant uptake of applied N, (estimated by N difference), and utilization of acquired N for increased grain yield. These findings contrast with 15N uptake in microplot studies which underestimate the actual increase in plant N from added fertiliser. Constraints other than uptake efficiency, however, may govern fertiliser-N efficiency in farmers fields. In a study of 44 farmers' fields in Central Luzon, rice yields ranged from 2.5 to 6.2 t ha-1 and N uptake from 35 to 95 kg N ha-1 in plots without fertiliser-N addition. Farmers applied from 35 to 240 kg N ha-1, but there was no relationship between the N rate used by each farmer and the effective soil N supply. Mean N uptake efficiency from fertiliser by N difference was only 36%. We conclude that improved fertiliser-N efficiency by farmers will require a more information-intensive management strategy that makes N fertiliser inputs better fitted to the seasonal pattern of crop N demand and soil N supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025057
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm suitable for direct sowing under flooded soil surface (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: direct sowing ; flooded soil ; germplasm ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; seedling establishment ; seedling growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Screening for rice germplasm which can establish seedling from flooded soil was conducted using 256 accessions of conserved germplasm from the International Rice Germplasm Center (IRGC) and 404 accessions from the International Network for Genetic Evaluation for Rice (INGER), IRRI. IRGC germplasm represented broad genetic diversity while INGER germplasm involved desirable agronomic characters. Seeds germinated for 2 d were planted at 25 mm depth in seedling trays. The trays were then submerged to a depth of 30–50 mm. Seedling establishment was evaluated by analyzing leaf development, seedling height, and percentage establishment 15 d after planting. Eight percent and 2% of IRGC and INGER germplasm, respectively, were identified statistically as superior to the control semidwarf IR varieties. Among the superior germplasm were those from Northeast India and Bangladesh which were adapted to deepwater and early summer rainfed lowland cultures. These could be utilized as parents in breeding programs which aim to develop varieties suitable for direct seeding technology (i.e., germinated seeds are sown under the surface of flooded soil).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040619
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen tube growth in crosses between Porteresia coarctata and Oryza sativa (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Porteresia coarctata ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; intergeneric cross ; fluorescent microscopy ; pollen tube ; callose ; postzygotic barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Comparative study with fluorescence microscopy revealed that the pollen tubes of the self-pollinated rice variety BR-9 reached the ovary within 75 min after pollination. In P. coarctata it took 150 min. In the cross between P. coarctata and BR-9, pollen tubes reached the ovary in 165 min but seed setting was not observed. In the cross between BR-9 and P. coarctata, small and deformed pollen tubes were formed and they failed to grow through the stylodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021736
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in resistance of Mexican landraces of maize to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, in relation to taxonomic and biochemical parameters (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: resistance ; taxonomy ; maize ; maize weevil ; indigenous landraces ; phenolic acids ; life history components ; indirect selection ; Zea mays ; Sitophilus zeamais
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Accessions representing twenty eight landraces of maize were assessed for susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais in standardized resistance tests. Susceptibility parameters such as weight loss of grain, number of insect progeny produced, the Dobie index of susceptibility, and oviposition on grain were found to vary significantly by genotype, with exceptional resistance found in accessions representing the Naltel, Chapalote and Palomero landraces. As in improved genotypes, susceptibility was negatively correlated to phenolic and protein content of the variety tested but positively correlated to moisture content. A detailed analysis of the phenolics revealed the presence of diferulate which may contribute to mechanical resistance of the seed by cross-linking of cell wall hemicelluloses. A canonical discriminant analysis of the resistance data suggests that most of the five landrace groupings are significantly different. The ancient indigenous and prehistoric mestisos groupings are sources of resistant genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indica-japonica differentiation in Chinese rice landraces (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; landraces ; varietal differentiation ; hsien and keng ; indica and japonica ; isozymes ; chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) ; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ninety Chinese rice landraces were examined with special reference to the indica-japonica differentiation in terms of traditional criteria, isozyme analysis and PCR analysis of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Cultivars were separated into indica and japonica defined by a discriminant function (Z) based on key characters, as well as by isozyme genotypes. Most indica landraces had chloroplast DNAs with a deletion at the Pst-12 fragment, while most japonica landraces had cpDNAs without the deletion. Two traditionally recognized varietal groups in China, keng and hsien, corresponded largely to the respective japonica and indica revealed in our study. The results obtained in this study showed good agreement for classification of indica and japonica types by the three methods: discriminant analysis by Z value, isozyme analysis, and PCR analysis for cpDNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host-size preference of the parasitoidAnisopteromalus calandrae [Hym: Pteromalidae] onSitophilus zeamais (Col.: Curculionidae) larvae with a uniform age distribution (1993)
    Springer
    BioControl 38 (1993), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: host size preference ; parasitoid ; stored product ; maize ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La première génération d'Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) récoltée dans du maïs stocké commercialement en Caroline du Sud fut exposée, dans du maïs écossé, à un mélange de jeunesSitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, de toutes tailles représentant une distribution d'âge uniforme. On a observé 87% de parasitisme sur les larves comportant un tunnel de 0,9 à 1,8 mm et 6% sur les prépupes et pupes pour cette distribution d'âge. Le taux de préférence était le plus élevé pour les grosses larves-hôte (1,6 mm de diamètre), moyen pour les autres larves de 0,9 à 1,8 mm, et le plus bas pour les pupes et les petites larves. On a discuté de la sélectivité des hôtes en utilisant les paramètres de Chesson (1983): préférence, αi, probabilité de parasitisme, Pi, et index d'électivité ɛi.
    Notes: Abstract First generationAnisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) collected from commercial stored maize in South Carolina were exposed to a mixture of all sizes of immatureSitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, representative of a uniform age distribution, in shelled maize. Eighty-seven percent of parasitism is expected on larvae with tunnel diameters of 0.9 to 1.8 mm and 6% on prepupae and pupae, given this host-size distribution. Preference was greatest for large host larvae (1.6 mm diameter), intermediate for other larvae in the range 0.9 to 1.8 mm, and least for pupae and small larvae. Host-stage preference is discussed with respect to Chesson's (1983) parameters for preference, αi, probability of parasitism, Pi, and electivity index, ɛi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372557
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dryinid (Hym.: Dryinidae) parasitoids ofDalbulus leafhopper (Hom.: Cicadellidae) in Mexico (1993)
    Springer
    BioControl 38 (1993), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Insect parasitoids ; Dryinidae ; Dalbulus ; maize ; teosintes ; Tripsacum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les connaissances relatives aux ennemis naturels des Cicadelles du genre Dalbulus [Hom.: Cicadellidae] sont encore limitées. Dans l'état du Jalisco, au Mexique, a été réalisée une étude sur les dryinides (petites guêpes), parasitoïdes de ces cicadelles. L'état du Jalisco abrite le plus grand nombre d'espèces deDalbulus et se trouve localisé dans la région d'origine deDalbulus ainsi que de ses plantes hôtes: maïs, téosinte (Zea) etTripsacum. Le dryinideGonatopus bartletti a été rencontré parasitantDalbulus maidis sur des plantes de maïs ainsi que sur le téosinte annuelZea mays spp.parviglumis: G. flavipes a été identifié parasitantD. elimatus sur le téosinte pérenne,Zea perennis; de plus, une nouvelle espèce,G. moyaraygozai, ainsi queAnteon ciudadi ont été observés en tant que parasites deD. quinquenotatus surTripsacum pilosum et surTripsacum dactyloides. Le parasitisme par des dryinides a été observé à des altitudes comprises entre 680 et 2 000 m s.n.m..Dalbulus maidis, espèce qui cause les pertes de rendement les plus importantes en Amérique latine, est parasité entre 680 m s.n.m. et 1 760 m s.n.m.. Les espèces deDalbulus associées à des plantes hôtes annuelles (maïs etZ. mays spp.parviglumis) ont été parasitées par des dryinides pendant la saison des pluies alors que les espèces deDalbulus associées à des plantes hôtes pérennes (Z. perennis etTripsacum) ont été parasitées par des dryinides pendant la saison des pluies et la saison sèche. La plus grande diversité d'espèces parasitantDalbulus spp. ainsi que la plus grande fréquence de parasitisme ont été rencontrées sur ces espèces pérennes, suggérant que ces plantes sont des réservoirs d'ennemis naturels deDalbulus spp.
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about the natural enemies of the leafhopperDalbulus spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Searches for its dryinid (wasps) parasitoids were made in Jalisco, Mexico. Jalisco contains the greatest number ofDalbulus species, and is considered to be near to the center of origin of this leafhopper genus and its host plants: maize, teosintes (Zea spp.) and gamagrasses (Tripsacum spp.). The dryinidGonatopus bartletti was found parasitizingD. maidis on maize and on annual teosinteZea mays spp.parviglumis. G. flavipes was found parasitizingD. elimatus on perennial teosinteZ. perennis; and a new speciesG. moyaraygozai andAnteon ciudadi parasitizingD. quinquenotatus onTripsacum pilosum andT. dactyloides. Parasitism by dryinids was found at altitudes of 680–2,000 m.Dalbulus maidis, the leafhopper species which causes the greatest losses in maize in Latin America, was found to be parasitized from 680–1,760 m. TheDalbulus species associated with annual host plants (maize andZ. mays spp.parviglumis) were parasitized by dryinids during the rainy season, while theDalbulus species associated with perennial host plants (Z. perennis andTripsacum) were parasitized by dryinids during both the rainy and dry season. The greatest diversity of dryinid parasitoids ofDalbulus spp. and the highest levels of parasitism were recorded from perennial plants, indicating that such species are reservoirs of natural enemies ofDalbulus spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373137
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar urea fertilization of cereals: A review (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 209-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Wheat ; maize ; barley ; rice ; foliar urea ; grain yield ; breadmaking quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that there are several potential benefits of providing nitrogen to cereals via the foliage as urea solution. These include: reduced nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching compared with nitrogen fertilizer applications to the soil; the ability to provide nitrogen when root activity is impaired e.g., in saline or dry conditions, and uptake late in the season to increase grain nitrogen concentration. Factors that influence the degree of foliar absorption in field conditions have not, however, been clearly defined and losses to the atmosphere and soil can occur. Foliar urea applications may also hinder crop productivity although the explanations for this vary, and include desiccation of leaf cells, aqueous ammonia and urea toxicity, biuret contamination and the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism. It has not yet been determined which one, or combinations, of these mechanisms are most important in field situations. When damage has not been severe, foliar urea applications have increased grain yield, particularly when applied before flag leaf emergence and when nitrogen availability is limiting. Increases in grain nitrogen content are often larger when applications of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil are reduced, and when the urea solution is sprayed either at anthesis or during the following two weeks. It is during this period that foliar urea sprays can be of greater benefit than soil applications with regard to nitrogen utilization by the crop. Increases in wheat grain nitrogen concentration following urea application can improve breadmaking quality. Responses in loaf quality may, however, be variable particularly when increases in grain nitrogen content have been large, and/or when the nitrogen: sulphur ratio in the grain is increased. These circumstances have lead to alterations in the proportions of the different protein fractions which influence breadmaking potential. To exploit the full potential benefits of foliar urea application to cereals, more needs to be known about the mechanisms, and thus how to prevent losses of nitrogen from the foliage, and to reduce the phytotoxic influences of sprays. More information is also required to exploit the reported effects that urea may have on limiting the development of cereal diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048783
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of alley cropping im improvement of cultivation systems in the high rainfall areas of Zambia II. Maize production (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 17 (1992), S. 241-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; maize ; soybean ; soil fertility ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Sesbania sesban ; Albizia falcataria ; Flemingia congesta ; Gliricidia sepium ; Cassia spectabilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Theee trials to evaluat the potential of alley cropping in maize production on the low fertility, acidic soils in Northern Zambia are described. Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban, Albizia falcataria, Fleminga congesta, and Cassia spectabilis, were grown in alley crops with hybrid maize and soybean. All trials received recommended rates of P and K fertiliser; N fertiliser was applied at three rates as a subplot treatment. One trial received lime before establishment. Only in the limed trial was there a significant improvement in maize yields through alley cropping; when no N fertiliser was applied, incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala prunings resulted in an increase of up to 95% in yields, with a smaller improvement being produced by Flemingia congesta. There was a significant correlation between the quantity of prunings biomass applied and the proportional increase in maize yields over the control treatment. It is suggested that the lack of effect of most of the tree species on crop yields was due to low biomass production. An economic analysis showed that alley cropping with limed Leucaena was only profitable when fertiliser costs were high in relation to maize prices. However, lime is both expensive and difficult to obtain and transport for most small scale farmers in the region, and is therefore not a practical recommendation. It is suggested that future alley cropping research should focus on screening a wider range of tree species, including other species of Leucaena, for acid tolerance and higher biomass production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054150
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of inorganic nutrient fertilization on the growth, nutrient composition and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of pretransplant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Inorganic nutrients ; Plant growth ; Pretransplant ; Fertilization ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of P, N and Ca+Mg fertilization on biomass production, leaf area, root length, vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization, and shoot and root nutrient concentrations of pretransplant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were investigated. Mycorrhizal plants generally had a higher biomass and P, N, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Na, B, Zn, Al, Mg, and S shoot-tissue nutrient concentrations than non-mycorrhizal plants. Although mycorrhizal plants always had higher root-tissue nutrient concentrations than non-mycorrhizal plants, they were not significantly different, except for Mn. N fertilization stimulated colonization of the root system (colonized root length), and increased biomass production and nutrient concentrations of mycorrhizal plants. Biomass increases due to N were larger when the plants were not fertilized with additional P. P fertilization reduced the colonized root length and biomass production of mycorrhizal plants. The base treatment (Ca+Mg) did not significantly affect biomass production but increased the colonized root length. These results stress the importance of evaluating the VAM rice symbiosis under various fertilization regimes. The results of this study suggest that pretransplant mycorrhizal rice plants may have a potential for better field establishment than non-mycorrhizal plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337340
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual inoculation of pretransplant stage Oryza sativa L. plants with indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. ; Oryza sativa ; Pretransplant ; Nursery ; Rhizosphere interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study examined the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants at the pretransplant/nursery stage to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., singly or in combination. The VAM fungi and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants. In the plants grown in soil inoculated with fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. alone, I found increases in shoot growth, and in root length and fine roots, and decreases in root growth, and P and N concentrations. In contrast, in the plants colonized by VAM fungi alone, the results were the reverse of those of the pseudomonad treatment. Dual inoculation of soil with VAM fungi and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. yielded plants with the highest biomass and nutrient acquisition. In contrast, the plants of the control treatment had the lowest biomass and nutrient levels. The dual-inoculated plants had intermediate root and specific root lengths. The precentages of mycorrhizal colonization and colonized root lengths were significantly lower in the dual-inoculated treatment than the VAM fungal treatment. Inoculation of plants with fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. suppressed VAM fungal colonization and apparently reduced photosynthate loss to the mycorrhizal associates, which led to greater biomass and nutrient levels in dual-inoculated plants compared with plants inoculated with VAM fungi alone. Dual inoculation of seedlings with fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and VAM fungi may be preferable to inoculation with VAM alone and may contribute to the successful establishment of these plants in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336270
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of nitrogen and yield advantages for monocropping and mixed cropping with cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mixed cropping ; Biological efficiency ; Nitrogen uptake ; Cowpea ; Upland rice ; Oryza sativa ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sources of N used by cropped and intercropped cowpeas and rice were determined by the 15N isotope-dilution technique. The biological efficiency of intercropping cowpeas and rice was assessed by calculating the land equivalent ratio of dry matter yield, total N, and uptake of N. A reduced N uptake by both cowpeas and rice during mixed cropping was attributed to mutual competition, with both crops competing effectively for the scarce environmental resources. The lack of a significant difference in the uptake of fertilizer and soil N by mixed-crop rice and cowpeas is an indication that the soil N was sufficient and that the mixed cropping did not create any imbalance in soil and fertilizer N uptake. The land equivalent ratio ranged between 120% and 180% for shoot dry matter and total N, showing that biological efficiency was increased by intercropping cowpeas with rice. The proportion of N derived from the atmosphere by mono- and intercropped cowpeas was not significantly different, showing that the potential of cowpeas to fix N2 was independent of the cropping system, since the rice did not stimulate the cowpeas to fix more N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340580
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and metabolism of isouron in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Isouron ; Rice seedling ; Uptake ; Translocation ; Metabolism ; Broadleaf herbicide ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Isouron, a pre-emergence herbicide, inhibited the growth of rice seedlings in a nutrient solution; the critical concentration was about 0.10 mg l-1. Isotope studies showed that isouron, added to the nutrient solution, was observed by the rice roots and translocated rapidly to the shoot. In rice seedlings, isouron was converted to six known metabolites, 3-(5-(1-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-ethy)-3-isoxazolyl]urea, 3-(5-tert-butyl-3-isoxazolyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(5-tert-butyl-3-isoxazolyl)ure, 3-amino-5-tert-butylisoxazole, 3-[5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-dimethylurea, and 3-[5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-methylurea, and two unknown metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336295
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of VAM inoculum carry-over on the successive cropping of maize and mungbean (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 140 (1992), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cropping pattern ; Glomus mosseae ; inoculum ; maize ; mungbean ; VAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field study to determine the endomycorrhizal inoculum carry-over effect of the first crop [maize inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe] on the succeeding crop (mungbean) was carried out in fumigated and nonfumigated acidic soil (pH 5.3) with moderate extractable P (Olsen 23 ppm). G. mosseae inoculation increased maize dry matter and grain yield over the uninoculated control in the nonfumigated soil. The maize inoculation failed to carry the effective inoculum over to the mungbean crop planted immediately after maize harvest and thus did not increase root colonization and grain yield of the succeeding crop. Fresh inoculation of the mungbean with G. mosseae increased grain yield over the uninoculated control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010607
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing native and legume-fixed nitrogen in lowland rice-based cropping systems (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 141 (1992), S. 69-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological nitrogen fixation ; denitrification ; fallow ; flooded soil ; leaching ; legume ; nitrate ; nitrogen balance ; nitrogen loss ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; weeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lowlands comprise 87% of the 145 M ha of world rice area. Lowland rice-based cropping systems are characterized by soil flooding during most of the rice growing season. Rainfall distribution, availability of irrigation water and prevailing temperatures determine when rice or other crops are grown. Nitrogen is the most required nutrient in lowland rice-based cropping systems. Reducing fertilizer N use in these cropping systems, while maintaining or enhancing crop output, is desirable from both environmental and economic perspectives. This may be possible by producing N on the land through legume biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), minimizing soil N losses, and by improved recycling of N through plant residues. At the end of a flooded rice crop, organic- and NH4-N dominate in the soil, with negligible amounts of NO3. Subsequent drying of the soil favors aerobic N transformations. Organic N mineralizes to NH4, which is rapidly nitrified into NO3. As a result, NO3 accumulates in soil during the aerobic phase. Recent evidence indicates that large amounts of accumulated soil NO3 may be lost from rice lowlands upon the flooding of aerobic soil for rice production. Plant uptake during the aerobic phase can conserve soil NO3 from potential loss. Legumes grown during the aerobic phase additionally capture atmospheric N through BNF. The length of the nonflooded season, water availability, soil properties, and prevailing temperatures determine when and where legumes are, or can be, grown. The amount of N derived by legumes through BNF depends on the interaction of microbial, plant, and environmental determinants. Suitable legumes for lowland rice soils are those that can deplete soil NO3 while deriving large amounts of N through BNF. Reducing soil N supply to the legume by suitable soil and crop management can increase BNF. Much of the N in legume biomass might be removed from the land in an economic crop produce. As biomass is removed, the likelihood of obtaining a positive soil N balance diminishes. Nonetheless, use of legumes rather than non-legumes is likely to contribute higher quantities of N to a subsequent rice crop. A whole-system approach to N management will be necessary to capture and effectively use soil and atmospheric sources of N in the lowland rice ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011311
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential errors caused by roots in analyses of rhizosphere soil (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: exchangeable cations ; macronutrients ; maize ; micronutrients ; rhizosphere ; root composition ; soluble ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Roots contain high concentrations of many elements, and have the potential to interfere with measurements of chemical change in rhizosphere soil. To assess potential interferences, maize (Zea mays L.) roots (free of soil) and soil (free of roots) were extracted separately with several extractants commonly used to assess the status of soil nutrients. The maize roots were grown within filter envelopes which prevented direct contact with soil, but permitted passage of mineral nutrients and water from the adjacent soil. Water, ammonium acetate (pH 7), DTPA (pH 7.3), Morgan's solution (pH 4.8), and dilute HCl were used as extractants. Most elements were released readily into soluble forms from roots killed by freezing to lyse the cells. Significantly lower amounts were extracted from fresh roots, with the greatest differences between fresh and killed roots for the extractants H2O and DTPA, which were the mildest in terms of acidity and salt concentration. Extraction of P from the fresh roots by H2O and HCL was particularly low. Contamination of rhizosphere samples with root materials would almost certainly prevent the accurate measurement of water-soluble P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Na in the slightly alkaline soil used in this experiment. Large errors would be likely also for P, Mn, and Cu extracted by ammonium acetate. The DTPA extractant is normally used only for micronutrient metals or heavy metals, and the small amounts of these elements released by roots should not contribute to significant error. With Morgan's solution, errors would likely be large only for P. Dilute HCl is a reasonably strong extractant for many elements in soil, and major errors from roots contained in rhizosphere samples are unlikely. The relatively high probability of errors in extractions of soluble elements from rhizosphere soil is unfortunate, because these elements are among the most readily available to plants and the most likely to be altered by the normal activities of roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007877
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-sorption of organic components by roots of Zea mays L. and its consequences in the rhizosphere (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: maize ; organic components ; re-sorption ; rhizosphere ; root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The re-sorption of carbon compounds from the rhizosphere was investigated using 14C-labelled glucose, mannose and citric acid. Uptake in roots of 5-day-old, intact Zea mays plants in sterile solution culture was determined over a period of 48 hours. Under optimal growth conditions significant re-absorption of glucose and mannose occurred with the uptake rates being 70.5 and 40.2 μg compound g-1 root DW h-1, respectively. For glucose and mannose approximately 25% of the 14C label taken up by the root was recovered inside the plant as low-MW compounds and 33% polymerized into high MW compounds. 42% was respired as 14C-CO2. Citric acid by comparison showed little accumulation within plant tissues (11.4%) with most being respired and recovered as 14C-CO2 in KOH traps (88%). The uptake rate for citric acid was 34.8 μg g-1 root DW h-1. Over the 48-hour period a net efflux (i.e. exudation) of labelled plus unlabelled C was observed at a rate of 608 μg C g-1 root DW h-1 (equivalent to 1520 μg glucose/mannose). Of the C released as root exudates, a minimum estimate of the amount of C taken back into the plant was therefore 9.5%. The two main C fluxes within the rhizosphere, namely release of C by the root and uptake by the microorganisms, have been well documented in recent years. It is now apparent however that a third flux term, re-sorption of C by roots, can also be identified. This may play an important but previously overlooked role within the rhizosphere, and further work is needed to determine its significance. A comparison between exudate release in static (permitting accumulation of C) and flowing culture (C removed as it is released) was also made with the respective rates being 15.36 and 45.18 mg C g-1 root DW in 2 days. The relative important of re-sorption in natural environments and laboratory experiments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007881
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid methods for quantifying VAM fungal infections in maize roots (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 147 (1992), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bioassay ; maize ; root pigmentation ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Roots of maize (Zea mays cv W64A × W182E) infected by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus versiforme (Karst) Berch or a Glomus species isolated from an alfalfa soil) exhibit a bright yellow pigmentation. The percentage of pigmented roots can be quantified by a rapid visual estimate or by a grid intersect method. Both methods gave similar estimates of VAM infection to those obtained using a grid intersect count on cleared roots stained with chlorazol black E. Thus for experimental or field evaluation where speed and quantity are important, the rapid visual estimate (less than one minute for each washed root system) yields reliable results. The yellow root intersect method takes longer (5–15 minutes per root system) but gives more reproducible results. The yellow root pigmentation is light sensitive However, root systems can be reliably assayed after 1 week when stored at 5°C in the dark or after 1 year if dried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029083
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene banks and their contribution to the breeding of disease resistant cultivars (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 63 (1992), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: genetic resources ; gene bank ; pearl millet ; Pennisetum glaucum ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; rice ; Oryza sativa ; cotton ; Gossypium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic variation in crop species and their wild relatives holds the key to the successful breeding of improved crop cultivars with durable resistance to disease. The importance of the conservation, characterization and utilization of plant genetic resources nationally and internationally has been recognised, though much remains to be done. Gene banks have now been established in many countries and at most of the international crop research centres. Cell and tissue culture techniques and biotechnological aids have done much to ensure the creation and safe transfer of healthy germplasm around the world. Multidisciplinary, international research and collaboration are essential to the successful breeding of improved disease resistant cultivars. Examples are given of the effective use of genetic resources in breeding disease resistant cultivars of a number of crops, including cotton, rice, potatoes and pearl millet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023909
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durable resistance to rice blast disease-environmental influences (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 63 (1992), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: environmental influence ; Oryza sativa ; Pyricularia grisea ; P. oryzae ; rice ; rice blast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Blast is one of the most serious diseases of rice worldwide. The pathogen,Pyricularia grisea, can infect nearly all parts of the shoot and is commonly found on the leaf blade and the panicle neck node. Host resistance is the most desirable means of managing blast, especially in developing countries. Rice cultivars with durable blast resistance have been recognized in several production systems. The durable resistance of these cultivars is associated with polygenic partial resistance that shows no evidence of race specificity. This partial resistance is expressed as fewer and smaller lesions on the leaf blade but latent period does not appear to be an important component. Partial resistance to leaf blast is positively correlated with partial resistance to panicle blast, although some cultivars have been found showing leaf-blast susceptibility and panicle-blast resistance. A diverse set of environmental factors can influence the expression of partial resistance, including temperature, duration of leaf-wetness, nitrogen fertilization, soil type, and water deficit. Because of the great diversity of rice-growing environments, resistance that proves durable in one system may or may not prove useful in another. In highly blast-conducive environments, other means of disease management must be applied to assist host-plant resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023917
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial resistance to neck blast influenced by stage of panicle development and rice genotype (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 64 (1992), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Magnaporthe grisea ; Oryza sativa ; Pyricularia oryzae ; yield components ; yield loss ; partial resistance ; rice neck blast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Neck nodes of eight rice genotypes were inoculated with a virulent isolate of the blast pathogen at four slightly different, increasingly older stages of panicle development shortly after flowering. Resistance to infection as well as resistance to growth of the pathogen after infection was assessed. Significant differences between genotypes were found for both components of resistance. Resistance to growth of the pathogen sharply increased with aging of the neck node as was indicated by a large reduction of the length of the lesions on the culm, but resistance to infection did not change much. The lesion length was closely related to yield loss. A small delay in time of infection can lead to a large decrease in yield reduction. Meaningful comparison of partial resistance to neck blast between genotypes therefore requires infection at an identical stage of panicle development. In the field, where panicles are in different stages of development, selection of genotypes that do show the symptoms of neck blast together with relatively little yield loss in infected panicles is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046046
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indexes of assessing N availability in sewage sludges (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: incubation ; maize ; N availability indexes ; N mineralization ; N uptake ; sewage sludges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Biological and chemical methods were used in an attempt to estimate N availability in sewage sludges. The two biological methods, i.e. maize plants grown in pots, and soil-sludge mixtures incubated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, and the four chemical methods, i.e. autoclave, 0.5 M KMnO4, pepsin and 0.6 M HCl, were compared to determine N availability in twelve sewage sludges in a given soil. In the mineralization test, the aerobically treated sewage sludges gave higher mineralization rates than the anaerobically treated wastes. The simple correlation between available N, estimated from the plant N uptake during 6 weeks and N extracted by chemical methods showed that HCl and pepsin appeared to be the better single indexes. Prediction of availability of N in sewage sludges to plants in the growth chamber improved if N mineralized during the incubation period and extracted by several chemical methods were combined in a multiple regression analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012837
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cytokinin in enhanced productivity of maize supplied with NH4 + and NO3 − (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cytokinin ; field ; greenhouse ; maize ; nitrogen form
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Supplying both N forms (NH4 ++NO3 −) to the maize (Zea mays L.) plant can optimize productivity by enhancing reproductive development. However, the physiological factors responsible for this enhancement have not been elucidated, and may include the supply of cytokinin, a growth-regulating substance. Therefore, field and gravel hydroponic studies were conducted to examine the effect of N form (NH4 ++NO3 − versus predominantly NO3 −) and exogenous cytokinin treatment (six foliar applications of 22 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) during vegetative growth versus untreated) on productivity and yield of maize. For untreated plants, NH4 ++NO3 − nutrition increased grain yield by 11% and whole shoot N content by 6% compared with predominantly NO3 −. Cytokinin application to NO3 −-grown field plants increased grain yield to that of NH4 ++NO3 −-grown plants, which was the result of enhanced dry matter partitioning to the grain and decreased kernel abortion. Likewise, hydroponically grown maize supplied with NH4 ++NO3 − doubled anthesis earshoot weight, and enhanced the partitioning of dry matter to the shoot. NH4 ++NO3 − nutrition also increased earshoot N content by 200%, and whole shoot N accumulation by 25%. During vegetative growth, NH4 ++NO3 − plants had higher concentrations of endogenous cytokinins zeatin and zeatin riboside in root tips than NO3 −-grown plants. Based on these data, we suggest that the enhanced earshoot and grain production of plants supplied with NH4 ++NO3 − may be partly associated with an increased endogenous cytokinin supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010976
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil phosphorus levels needed for equal P uptake from four soils with different water contents at the same water potential (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anion exchangeable P ; buffer power ; diffusion coefficient ; growth chamber experiment ; maize ; mechanistic uptake model, P ; rates ; root length ; soil texture ; solution P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil volumetric water contents, φ, at −33 kPa potential may vary with soil from 0.06 to 0.70. Because P diffusion depends on φ, most economic P fertilizer rates required for different soils may require adjusting according to their soil-water relationships. The objective of this study was, after experimentally verifying a mechanistic nutrient uptake model on a series of soils varying in θ at −33 kPa potential, to use the model to predict labile P levels needed for each of these soils to achieve equal P uptake by maize (Zae mays L.) and verify these predictions. Maize was grown in a pot experiment using four soils having θ of 0.13, 0.20, 0.26, and 0.40 at −33 kPa each at 0, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 of added P. When root parameters obtained experimentally were used, predicted P uptake with the uptake model agreed with observed P uptake, y=0.99x+9.08 (r2=0.98). When P uptake was plotted vs. soil solution P, Cli, the relation varied with soil. The higher the θ the lower the Cli needed for equal P uptake. A similar relation was found between P uptake and diffusible soil P, Csi. Differences between the two plots occurred because of differences among soils in buffer power, ΔCsi/ΔCli. The Csi vs. P added relation was used to calculate differences among soils in the Csi needed to obtain equal P uptake. The Csi values ranged from 1.3 to 4.0 mmol kg−1. The calculated values were used in a second pot experiments to verify the predictions. No significant difference (α=0.05) in P uptake occurred. The results of this research indicate that the mechanistic nutrient uptake model can be used to predict the degree of adjustments in Csi needed to obtain the most economic P fertilizer rates among soils varying in θ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009133
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root-microbial effects on plant iron uptake from siderophores and phytosiderophores (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chelate ; iron ; maize ; nutrition ; oat ; phytosiderophores ; siderophores ; trace metal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Collaborative experiments were conducted to determine whether microbial populations associated with plant roots may artifactually affect the rates of Fe uptake and translocation from microbial siderophores and phytosiderophores. Results showed nonaxenic maize to have 2 to 34-fold higher Fe-uptake rates than axenically grown plants when supplied with 1 μM Fe as either the microbial siderophore, ferrioxamine B (FOB), or the barley phytosiderophore, epi-hydroxymugineic acid (HMA). In experiments with nonsterile plants, inoculation of maize or oat seedlings with soil microorganisms and amendment of the hydroponic nutrient solutions with sucrose resulted in an 8-fold increase in FOB-mediated Fe-uptake rates by Fe-stressed maize and a 150-fold increase in FOB iron uptake rates by Fe-stressed oat, but had no effect on iron uptake by Fe-sufficient plants. Conversely, Fe-stressed maize and oat plants supplied with HMA showed decreased uptake and translocation in response to microbial inoculation and sucrose amendment. The ability of root-associated microorganisms to affect Fe-uptake rates from siderophores and phytosiderophores, even in short-term uptake experiments, indicates that microorganisms can be an unpredictable confounding factor in experiments examining mechanisms for utilization of microbial siderophores or phytosiderophores under nonsterile conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010169
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance studies of low-phosphorus tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.), grown in a sand-alumina culture medium (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: diallel ; low-P stress ; maize ; sand-alumina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inbred lines of maize selected as tolerant and intolerant to low-P stress using a sand-alumina culture medium were used to obtain F1 hybrids and advanced generations to be evaluated in diallel mating schemes and generation means analyses for the inheritance studies. Sand-alumina, a solid culture medium, which simulates a slow release, diffusion-limited P movement in soil solution was used in the inheritance studies. Tolerance to low-P stress conditions in maize seedlings is controlled largely by additive gene effects, but dominance is also important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012012
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can maize cultivars with low mineral nutrient concentrations in the grains help to reduce the need for fertilizers in third world countries? (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cultivars ; grains ; maize ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; tropical climate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An earlier study revealed considerable genotypic variation in grain N, P and K concentrations (GNC, GPC and GKC, respectively) in tropical maize. The expression of varietal differences in GNC, GPC and GKC, however, may depend on environmental conditions such as the N status of the soil. Two tropical maize hybrids (Suwan 2301 and CP 1) with comparable yielding capacity, but contrasting GNCs, GPCs and GKCs, were therefore grown at four levels of N in a field experiment at Farm Suwan (Thailand, latitude 14.5°N). Suwan 2301 exhibited a higher GNC than did CP 1 at all rates of N, but large differences in GPC and GKC were found only at high N fertilization. This was obviously due to individual grain yield responses of the cultivars to increasing rates of N fertilizer, demonstrating that grain nutrient concentrations are, at least in part, functions of the amount of grain carbohydrates which dilute a genetically and environmentally fixed amount of grain P and K. As compared to Suwan 2301, CP 1 accumulated less N, P and K in the grains at almost all levels of N fertilization, confirming our hypothesis that the cultivation of maize genotypes with low grain mineral nutrient concentrations may help third-world cash-crop farmers to reduce the need for scarce and costly mineral fertilizers. This finding has to be verified at reduced availability of soil −P, −K, and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012016
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between minirhizotron and monolith sampling methods for measuring root growth of maize (Zea mays L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 147 (1992), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: image processing ; methods ; maize ; minirhizotron ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Transparent plastic minirhizotron tubes have been used to evaluate spatial and temporal growth activities of plant root systems. Root number was estimated from video recordings of roots intersecting minirhizotron tubes and of washed roots extracted from monoliths of the same soil profiles at the physiological maturity stage of a maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Root length was measured by the line intercept (LI) and computer image processing (CIP) methods from the monolith samples. There was a slight significant correlation (r=0.28, p〈0.005) between the number of roots measured by minirhizotron and root lengths measured by the LI method, however, no correlation was found with the CIP method. Using a single regression line, root number was underestimated by the minirhizotron method at depths between 0–7.6 cm. A correlation was found between root length estimated by LI and CIP. The slope of estimated RLD was significant with depth for these two methods. Root length density (RLD) measured by CIP showed a more erratic decline with distance from the plant row and soil surface than the LI method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009378
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving fertilizer recommendations for subsistance farmers in West Africa: The use of agro-economic analysis of on-farm trials (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 333-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Fertilizer ; on-farm trials ; rice ; maize ; groundnuts ; Senegal ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A large number of zero, half and full rate fertilizer trials were conducted on-farm in Southern Senegal with rainfed lowland rice (n = 24), maize (n = 48), and groundnuts (n = 18). Trial sites were located according to farmer selected criteria: soil texture in the case of rice; compound garden versus outer field in the case of maize; and, previous cropping history in the case of groundnuts. Quadratic fertilizer response curves using all the cases explained only 16–29% of the variance. Subsequent stratification of the fields by soil organic matter, texture, and pH permitted the identification of fertilizer responsive and non-responsive fields. Response curves using only the tests conducted on soils without a limiting constraint explained 36 to 47% of the variance. At half rate fertilization levels VCR's of 3.8 (maize), 5.8 (rice) and 6.9 (groundnuts) resulted. Within productive fields, level of weed control, percent barrenness and final stand at harvest explained much of the remaining variation in yields for rice (82%), maize (61%) and groundnuts (76%) respectively. Response curves were then used in an economic analysis to address on-farm fertilizer allocation issues. Based on survey results and field trial data, partial budgets for small and medium-sized farms were developed. This analysis showed marginal rates of return of 400 and 165 percent to half and full rate fertilization, respectively. This type of fertilizer validation program, conducted on farmer-selected sites, improved targeting of recommendations, and helped to identify agronomic practices that should result in reduced economic risk and increased fertilizer adoption by farmers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050371
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping of maize with nine leguminous trees (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 17 (1992), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; maize ; nitrogen fixing trees ; soil degradation ; traditional farming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A maize-leguminous tree alley cropping system was studied on N-deficient soils in Hawaii to determine mulch effects on maize yields. Calliandra calothyrsus, Cajanus cajan, Cassia siamea, Gliciridia sepium, KX1 — Leucaena hybrid (L. pallida X L. diversifolia), L. leucocephala, L. pallida, L. salvadorensis, and Sesbania sesban were evaluated for green manure and yield of intercropped maize. S. sesban, G. sepium, L. pallida, and KX1 produced between 5 and 12 dry t/ha/yr green manure with nitrogen yields between 140 and 275 kg N/ha in 4 prunings. Maize yields responded linearly to nitrogen applied as green manure. Maize yield increased 12 kg for each kg of nitrogen applied. Additions of prunings from hedge rows were able to support maize grain yields at about 1800 kg/ha for two consecutive cropping seasons, while control plot yields averaged less than 600 kg/ha. Maize yields reflected the amount of nitrogen applied as green manure, regardless of tree species from which the nitrogen was derived. In March, maize yields decreased 34% in the row spaced 40 cm from the hedge, relative to the one spaced 110 cm away. In July, increasing the distance away from the hedge to 60 cm and coppicing the hedge earlier in maize growth, significantly improved grain yield. Grain yields decreased only 10% in the row closest to the trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053120
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster analysis of RFLP data from related maize inbred lines of the BSSS and LSC heterotic groups and comparison with pedigree data (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 60 (1992), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: coancestry coefficient ; genetic similarity ; maize ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In this study, 31 elite inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were analyzed with 149 clone-enzyme combinations for their respective RFLP profiles. Objectives were (1) to determine the utility of RFLPs for estimation of genetic similarties among 16 inbred lines from the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and among 15 inbred lines from the Lancaster Sure Crop (LSC) heterotic groups and (2) to compare genetic similarities based on molecular markers with those based on pedigree information. Coefficients of genetic similarity (GS) and coancestry (f) between pairs of lines from the same heterotic group were calculated from RFLP and pedigree data, respectively. For lines from the BSSS heterotic group, cluster analyses based on RFLP and pedigree data revealed similar associations. GS and f values were closely correlated (r=0.70) for related BSSS lines. For lines from the LSC heterotic group, considerable discrepancies existed between the GS and f values, especially for those pairs involving inbreds Va22 and Lo924. Effect of selection and/or erroneous pedigree records are discussed as possible explanations for the low correlation of GS and f values (r=0.07) for related LSC lines. RFLPs seem useful for investigation of relationships among maize inbreds, verification of pedigree records, and quantification of the degree of relatedness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029669
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of leaf age on components of partial resistance in rice to leaf blast (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 63 (1992), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: leaf blast ; Magnaporthe grisea ; Oryza sativa ; partial resistance ; Pyricularia oryzae ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten rice genotypes were inoculated with a virulent isolate of Magnaporthe grisea to study the effect of leaf age on components of partial resistance, and evaluate associations between these components. The number of sporulating lesions per cm2 leaf declined with increase of leaf age in all genotypes. The number of lesions per cm2 leaf area in one week old leaves was about 25% that of the number in very young leaves in the susceptible cultivar CO39, but less than 2% in the more resistant cultivars IR36, IR60 and IR62. Large differences between genotypes were found for the number of sporulating lesions that developed, and this factor was closely related to the period that leaves remained susceptible after appearance. The number of lesions in the most susceptible cultivar CO39 was about 7 times that in the cultivars IR60 and IR64. Differences between genotypes were also found for lesion size. The effect of aging on average lesion size was less pronounced than on lesion density. Lesion size and lesion density were positively correlated, but a rapid decline of density was not necessarily accompanied by a rapid decline of size. No apparent differences between genotypes were observed for latent period. Genotypes with leaves that became highly resistant soon after appearance expressed higher levels of partial resistance in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024554
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic effects determining rice grain weight and grain density (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 64 (1992), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; grain weight ; grain density ; genetic effects ; heritability ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Increasing grain weight is one means of increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yields. Selection for increased density of filled grains may offer an approach to increasing rice grain weight. Before rice breeding programs can begin effectively selecting for higher grain density, the nature and amount of the genetic variation present must be evaluated. A Design II mating plant with two sets was constructed using 16 parents. The 16 parents were representative of cultivars and elite breeding material available to breeders of long-grain rice in the southern U.S. The parents and 32 F1 hybrids were evaluated in 1990 at two Arkansas locations: Stuttgart and Marianna. Additive variation was essentially zero for grain density as indicated by nonsignificant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares and a narrowsense heritability estimate −0.04 (±0.07). Increasing rice grain weight through increased grain density would not be feasible in U.S. southern long-grain rice unless new germplasm with higher filled grain densities is introduced. Genetic variation for grain weight was predominately additive and complemented with additive x additive epistatic variation, indicating that selection for increased grain weight could be practiced in segregating generations. The small proportion of epistatic variation to additive variation would not justify delaying selection until epistatic combinations are fixed in the homozygous line. Midparent grain weight means would serve as an adequate indicator of progeny performance for cross appraisal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046044
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural observations during androgenic microspore culture of the 4c1 genotype of Zea mays L. (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: androgenesis ; in vitro culture ; maize ; microspores ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The capacity of the maize genotype 4c1 to regenerate microcalli and embryos from cultured microspores has been examined by comparing various cold pretreatments and culture media, using microspores and pollen at different stages of development. Viability of cultured cells was tested with FDA and their development was traced with light and fluorescence microscopy using DAPI as a nuclear dye. It was found that a pre-incubation of dissected flowers floating in a liquid nutrient medium at 8°C during 10–14 days was most successful for the induction of cell division. Among the developmental stages tested only the microspores appeared to regenerate. Subculture at 25°C in the same liquid medium, supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TIBA, gave highest rates of microspore division, i.e. up to 70% at 4 to 6 days of culture. All pathways described earlier for maize androgenic embryogenesis were observed within the 4c1 genotype. Symmetric divisions occurred in cultured microspores but most frequently asymmetric divisions lead to the formation of microcalli within 12 days of culture. In at least 60% of all dividing microspores cells were derived from the generative nucleus. Microcalli further developed either into loose or compact calli. Compact calli formed embryo-like structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022200
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...