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1

Electronic Resource

Genetic variation between Spanish and American versions of sweet corn inbred lines (2005)

Revilla, P. ; Abuin, M. C. ; Malvar, R. A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Conservation of maize inbred lines in different stations causes variability among strains. The objective of this research was to determine agronomic and molecular differences in American sweet corn inbreds maintained in Spain. American and Spanish strains of five sweet corn inbred lines were characterized by using 34 RAPD primers that produced 168 consistent bands. Strains of four of these inbreds were crossed in a diallel design, and hybrids were evaluated in four environments in northwestern Spain. The RAPD characterization showed no differences between strains for two inbreds, while divergence between strains was largest for the inbred 15125. Most primers did not reveal any variability between pairs of strains, while some primers produced variations at high rates. Differences in agronomic performance among Spanish and American strains were most important for P51, followed by P39, while strains 1453 or 15125 were not significantly different. Molecular differences between strains were not related to agronomic performance. Residual heterozygosity or outcrossing cannot explain these results. Lack of adaptation could have caused stress-induced mutagenesis. Natural selection could have eliminated unfavourable selective mutations, but neutral mutations can be found at the molecular level and favourable mutations could have been selected at the agronomic level.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01091.x

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2

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Genetics of the timing of vegetative phase transition in a maize population (2004)

Revilla, P. ; Malvar, R. A. ; Butrón, A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Variability for the timing of transition from juvenile to adult vegetative phases in maize (Zea mays L.) is assumed to be genetically regulated and has been associated with disease and pest tolerance. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variances of vegetative phase transition and its correlation with yield and its components. Full-sib and half-sib families were developed in a maize synthetic, following the Design I mating system. Progenies were evaluated in randomized complete block design with sets within replications in north-western Spain for 2 years. Phase transition-related traits showed significant additive variance, no interaction with environment and high heritability (above 65%). Correlation coefficients indicate that selection for delayed transition should not affect yield or its components. Therefore, selection for delaying phase transition could be used as a indirect selection, without expecting detrimental effects on yield.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01044.x

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3

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Rind puncture resistance in maize: inheritance and relationship with resistance to pink stem borer attack (2002)

Butrón, A. ; Malvar, R. A. ; Revilla, P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The main pest of maize in north-western Spain is the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, and stem lodging is one of the consequences of attack. Since rind puncture resistance is related to stem lodging resistance, the objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of rind puncture resistance and to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficients between rind puncture resistance and pink stem borer damage. Six generations from the crosses ‘CM109’×‘EP31’ and ‘CM109’×‘EP42’ and a 10-inbred line diallel were evaluated in Pontevedra, Spain, in 1995 and 1996. The inheritance of rind puncture resistance had two significant components, one additive and one dominant. Non-allelic and genotype × environment interactions were not significant. Improvement for internode rind puncture resistance to increase stem strength and stalk lodging resistance could have some positive influence on resistance to pink stem borer. However, its use as an estimator of pink stem borer resistance cannot be generalized and so must be restricted to programmes that involve materials exhibiting physical resistance to pink stem borer attack.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.716313.x

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4

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Combining Abilities for Maize Stem Antibiosis, Yield Loss, and Yield under Infestation and Non Infestation with Pink Stem Borer (1999)

Butrón, A. ; Malvar, R. A. ; Velasco, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 691-696

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.) is the main pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in northwestern Spain. Little is known about combining ability for antibiosis and tolerance to this pest. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effects for stem damage traits, yield, and yield loss by a complete diallel of 10 inbreds and to determine the most useful trait for evaluating the level of defense to pink stem borer. The diallel design was evaluated for 2 yr for stem damage traits, yield loss, and for yield under two conditions, infestation with Sesamia nonagrioides and non infestation. For all stem damage traits, GCA was significant, while SCA and reciprocal effects were not significant. This indicated that, for this set of inbreds, only additive effects were important for stem antibiosis. GCA and SCA effects were significant, in at least one trial, for yield under both infestation conditions and for yield loss. Reciprocal effects were significant for yield of infested and non infested plants in 1995. The lack of concordance among lines that exhibited the most favorable GCA effects for stem antibiosis, yield loss, and yield under infested conditions and the low correlation coefficient between SCA effects for yield under infested and non infested conditions showed that yield under infested conditions is the best trait for evaluating the level of defense against pink stem borer attack.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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5

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Relationships among Kernel Weight, Early Vigor, and Growth in Maize (1999)

Revilla, P. ; Butrón, A. ; Malvar, R. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 654-658

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Zea mays L.) hybrids and inbreds from the USA limits their use in places with cool humid springs. Kernel size may be related to early growth of maize. Our objectives were to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effects (RE) for early vigor and plant growth-related traits and to determine the relationship between these effects and those of kernel weight. Ten maize inbreds were crossed in diallel fashion, including reciprocals in two different plots. Kernel weigh was recorded for each seed source for each hybrid. The 90 hybrids were evaluated for 2 yr in a split-plot design where genotypes were the main plots and seed sources were the subplots. Traits were early vigor, plant weight, pollen and silk date, leaves below the ear, total leaf number, and plant height. Significant GCA was detected for all traits except plant weight. Significant RE was detected for kernel weight, early vigor, and pollen and silk date. Inbred EP42 had the highest GCA and a favorable RE for early vigor. Regression on the RE of kernel weight was significant for the RE of early vigor (R2 = 0.67), plant weight (R2 = 0.36), and pollen (R2 = 0.52) and silk date (R2 = 0.45). The inbreds producing heavier kernels should be used as seed producing parents to obtain hybrids with better early vigor and earlier flowering dates.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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6

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Do Second Cycle Maize Inbreds Preserve the European Flint Heterotic Group? (1999)

Cartea, M. E. ; Revilla, P. ; Butrón, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1060-1064

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Zea mays L.) breeding programs. Second cycle inbreds of maize were developed from crosses between three historical European inbreds (EP1, F2, and F7) and American or European germplasm. The objective of this study was to find out if the second cycle inbreds derived from EP1, F2, and F7 preserved the European flint heterotic group. Crosses of first and second cycle inbreds with four testers (W64A, A619, A632, and W117) were evaluated in northwestern Spain. Second cycle inbreds from EP1 or F2 × European germplasm had the highest yield and early vigor in crosses to the testers, probably because flint × dent heterosis was preserved. The U.S. germplasm used to develop second cycle inbreds from EP1 and F2 included germplasm from the open-pollinated variety Minnesota No. 13. The use of Minnesota No. 13 germplasm to develop second cycle inbreds from crosses to European flint should be avoided because almost all the early U.S. Corn Belt dent inbreds introduced into Europe are related to Minnesota No. 13. 'Lancaster' germplasm was suitable to improve the yield of F7, but this material lacked early vigor. Lancaster-related second cycle inbreds performed better for yield than the 'Reid Yellow Dent' because two testers were of Reid origin. The highest early vigor was obtained for second cycle inbreds from F7 × European inbreds. European flint germplasm is appropriate for improving European inbreds in crosses to U.S. germplasm, whereas the U.S. germplasm may be used to improve a specific cross.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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7

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Allozyme frequencies, heterozygosity and genetic distances following S1 recurrent selection in two synthetic maize populations (1997)

Revilla, P. ; Vales, M. I. ; Malvar, R. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1057-1061

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key wordsZea mays ; Selection ; Allozymes ; Heterozygosity ; Genetic distance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Three cycles of S1 recurrent selection for yield were carried out in two synthetic maize populations, EPS6 from humid Spain and EPS7 from arid Spain. One-hundred S1 lines were evaluated from each cycle of selection and the ten highest-yielding S1 lines were recombined to produce the next cycle. Changes in variability and genetic distances in two synthetic maize populations, following three cycles of recurrent selection, recombining ten S1 lines in each cycle, were determined. Isozyme analysis was performed on 125 seedlings per cycle of selection (four cycles in each of two populations). Regressions of each allozyme frequency on cycles of selection were performed, genetic distances between populations were determined, and simple correlations between genetic distances and heterosis were calculated. The average heterozygosity per locus was also calculated for each population. Regression analysis did not reveal any common trend between EPS6 and EPS7 for changes in allele frequencies presumably due to selection. The number of polymorphic loci, the mean alleles per locus, and the mean heterozygosity did not show any reduction in variability. Finally, selection did not affect genetic distances among cycles of selection. The agronomic evaluation of the selection program, after three cycles of selection, revealed that the genetic variance was not significantly reduced for most traits, and that the heterosis among cycles of selection of both populations had not changed significantly. The conclusions based on isozyme data supported the deductions made from agronomic data. Three cycles of selection neither caused relevant changes on variability nor on genetic distance among cycles of selection of both maize synthetic populations. These data did not indicate any basis for increasing the number of S1 lines recombined for recurrent selection.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050662

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8

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Relationships among American and Spanish populations of maize (1994)

Ordás, A. ; Malvar, R. A. ; Ron, A. M.

Springer

Euphytica 79 (1994), S. 149-161

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: maize ; germplasm ; cluster analysis ; landraces ; Zea mays

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Two experiments were carried out with two objectives. First, to establish the phenetic relationships among the maize (Zea mays L.) landraces from Galicia (Northwestern Spain) maintained at the Misión Biológica de Galicia. Second, to assess the resemblance between a collection of Spanish populations (including the landraces from Galicia) and a set of US Corn Belt varieties. For the first objective 73 varieties from Galicia, along with 9 hybrid checks, were grown in 9×9 simple lattices at two locations for two years. For the second objective 131 populations from the US Corn Belt and Spain, along with 9 hybrid checks, were grown for three years in unreplicated experiments. Cluster analyses were carried out with the first principal components that accounted for a significant amount of the total variation. Four groups were found among the landraces from Galicia. The populations from Spain and America were classified as belonging to nine main groups. The replicated experiment was more accurate than the unreplicated one. However, it is concluded that an unreplicated test grown in several environments is accurate enough to detect the main groups, although some inaccuracies should be expected.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023586

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9

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Six cycles of selection for adaptation in two exotic populations of maize (1996)

Ordás, A. ; Santiago, I. ; Malvar, R. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 92 (1996), S. 241-247

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: earliness ; selection ; adaptation ; exotic germplasm ; maize ; Zea mays

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The maturity rating of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) varies from FAO 200 to 600. Later germplasm has usually too much moisture content in the kernel at normal harvesting time so serious problems with storing could appear. Besides, farmers have tended to use earlier varieties in the last few years. All this imposes limitations on the amount of germplasm available to develop varieties adapted to this area. To study the possibility of adapting late, exotic material to the environment of the Atlantic coast of Galicia we carried out six cycles of individual selection on two non-adapted populations of maize (Purdue A and Purdue B). The criterion of selection was early silking and the criterion of response was moisture content of kernel at harvesting. The original populations and the populations obtained after each cycle of selection were crossed to the hybrids CM105 × CM109 (tester Reid) and H99 × H95 (tester Lancaster) and were evaluated in four environments to study the efficiency of the selection scheme. There were significant reductions in days to silking (6.1 and 6.7 days from cycle 0 to cycle 6 for Purdue A and Purdue B, respectively) and grain moisture at harvesting (3.0 and 3.9% from cycle 0 to cycle 6 for Purdue A and Purdue B, respectively). There were also reductions in plant height and yield in both populations. In general, the crosses ‘population × Lancaster’ were higher for yield than the crosses ‘population × Reid’. Yield of the population crosses by both testers decreased after the six cycles of selection probably because of the earlier maturity of the selected populations. Some inbreeding depression may also have occurred.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022851

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