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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT LEPIDOPTERAN CEREAL STEM BORERS IN AFRICA (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 47 (2002), S. 701-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption. Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from India, and C. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in Mozambique. C. partellus is competitively displacing indigenous stem borers in East and southern Africa. A parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes, was introduced from Pakistan for biological control of C. partellus and caused a 32-55% decrease in stem borer densities. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in Africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest status and yield losses, diapause, natural enemies, cultural control, host plant resistance, and biological control. Special attention is given to Busseola fusca and C. partellus, the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145254
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey for parasites ofSesamia calamistis (Lep.: Noctuidae) andEldana saccharina (Lep.: Pyralidae) in southwestern Nigeria (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 367-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Insect parasitoid ; parasitic nematode ; stem borer ; maize ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des enquêtes sur le terrain ont été effectuées entre 1990 et 1992 en vue d'étudier les espèces présentes et l'abondance relative des parasites des lépidoptères foreurs des tigesSesamia calamistis Hampson etEldana saccharina Walker dans des champs de maïs du sud-ouest du Nigéria. Parmi les espèces de parasitoïdes découvertes sur les deux foreurs de tiges figuraient les parasitoïdes des larves et pupes,Sturmiopsis parasitica Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae) etBrachymeria feae Masi (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), ainsi que le parasitoïde des larves,Dolichogenidea polaszeki Walker (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Des attaques du braconidéCotesia sesamiae (Cameron) ont été observées surS. calamistis. L'hyperparasitoïdeExoristobia dipterae (Risbec) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a été observé sur une pupe deS. parasitica. Des nématodes parasites appartenant àMermis sp. et/ouHexamermis sp. ont été observés sur des larves des deux foreurs des tiges. Dans l'ensemble, le parasitisme larvaire était faible avec des valeurs comprises entre 4.2 et 22.8% pourS. calamistis, et 1.2 et 13% pourE. saccharina. Parmi les parasitoïdes observés, l'espèce la plus courante étaitS. parasitica. Des attaques de quatre hyménoptères parasitoïdes des oeufs ont été observées surS. calamistis: Telenomus busseolae Gahan,T. isis Polaszek (Scelionidae),Lathromeris ovicida Risbec, etTrichrogrammatoidea eldanae Viggiani (Trichogrammatidae). Les oeufs étaient parasités à des valeurs comprises entre 0 et 33%. L'unique parasitoïde des oeufs observé surE. saccharina étaitT. applanatus Bin et Johnson (Scelionidae) qui ne provoquait qu'un parasitisme de 5%.
    Notes: Abstract Field surveys were conducted during 1990–92 to document the relative abundance of different species of parasites of the lepidopterous stem borersSesamia calamistis Hampson andEldana saccharina Walker in maize fields in southwestern Nigeria. Species of parasitoids detected on both stem borers included the larvalpupal parasitoidsSturmiopsis parasitica Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae) andBrachymeria feae Masi (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), and the larval parasitoidDolichogenidea polaszeki Walker (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The braconidCotesia sesamiae (Cameron) was found attackingS. calamistis. The hyperparasitoidExoristobia dipterae (Risbec) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was detected on a pupa ofS. parasitica. Parasitic nematodes belonging toMermis sp. and/orHexamermis sp. were found infesting larvae of both stem borers. Overall, larval/pupal parasitization levels at Ibadan were low and ranged from 4.2 to 22.8% forS. calamistis and 1.2 to 13% forE. saccharina. Of the parasites found,S. parasitica was the most common, followed by nematodes. Four hymenopteran egg parasitoids were found attackingS. calamistis: Telenomus busseolae Gahan,T. isis Polaszek (Scelionidae),Lathromeris ovicida Risbec, andTrichogrammatoidea eldanae Viggiani (Trichogrammatidae). Egg parasitization ranged from 13.4 to 41.5%. The only egg parasitoid detected onE. saccharina wasTelenomus applanatus Bin and Johnson, which inflicted only 5% parasitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373042
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of two species of hymenopterous parasitoid on the reproductive system of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphidiinae ; Aphidius ervi ; Ephedrus plagiator ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; reproductive system ; larval development ; serosal cells ; teratocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trois élevages de 100 à 200 premiers stades d'A. pisum, nés à 24 heures les uns des autres, ont été divisés chacun en un lot témoin et un lot expérimental. Deux des élevages expérimentaux ont alors été soumis au parasitisme d'Ephedrus plagiator ou de Aphidius ervi, le troisième élevage a pu se développer jusqu'au 4è stade avant d'être exposé à E. plagiator. Des échantillons de 10 pucerons ont été retirés de chaque lot après 24 heures et ensuite toutes les 48 heures pour être disséqués dans du liquide physiologique. Les nombres d'ovarioles et d'embryons et la taille du plus gros embryon ont été notés. Des cellules développées, issue de la séreuse de l'oeuf de l'hyménoptère se sont disséminées dans l'hémolymphe de l'hôte et ont servi d'aliment aux larves en développement. Seul le dernier stade larvaire des parasitoïdes s'est alimenté sur les tissus de l'hôte et ceci avait lieu juste avant la nymphose. Des effets significatifs se sont traduits après 24 heures par la réduction du nombre des embryons, par la diminution de la taille du plus grand de ceux-ci et par des altérations dans les embryons eux-mêmes.
    Notes: Abstract Two cultures of first instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were subjected to parasitization by Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) and Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) respectively, and a third culture, of fourth instar pea aphids, was subjected to parasitization by E. plagiator. Significant parasitogenic effects on the reproductive system occurred within 24 h of exposure to parasitoids in the form of reductions in both embryo number and the size of the largest embryo, and degenerative changes in the embryos themselves. No evidence was found of direct feeding by the larvae on the host's tissues, until just before larval pupation. The largest embryos of some fourth instar aphids escaped the effects of parasitization probably because they had developed a resistant cuticle by the time of oviposition by the parasitoid. Results suggested that embryonic degeneration was an indirect effect of parasitization due to starvation, interference with the aphid's hormone levels, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293712
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  • 4
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    Goniozus omanensis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) an important parasitoid of the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) in Oman (2019)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-11
    Electronic ISSN: 1932-6203
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Public Library of Science
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  • 5
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    Novel molecular approach to define pest species status and tritrophic interactions from historical Bemisia specimens (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-27
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    On species delimitation, hybridization and population structure of cassava whitefly in Africa (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-12
    Description: The Bemisia cassava whitefly complex includes species that cause severe crop damage through vectoring cassava viruses in eastern Africa. Currently, this whitefly complex is divided into species and subgroups (SG) based on very limited molecular markers that do not allow clear definition of species and population structure. Based on 14,358 genome-wide SNPs from 62 Bemisia cassava whitefly individuals belonging to sub-Saharan African species (SSA1, SSA2 and SSA4), and using a well-curated mtCOI gene database, we show clear incongruities in previous taxonomic approaches underpinned by effects from pseudogenes. We show that the SSA4 species is nested within SSA2, and that populations of the SSA1 species comprise well-defined south-eastern (Madagascar, Tanzania) and north-western (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi) putative sub-species. Signatures of allopatric incipient speciation, and the presence of a ‘hybrid zone’ separating the two putative sub-species were also detected. These findings provide insights into the evolution and molecular ecology of a highly cryptic hemipteran insect complex in African, and allow the systematic use of genomic data to be incorporated in the development of management strategies for this cassava pest.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Biology and Management of Economically Important Lepidopteran Cereal Stem Borers in Africa (2002)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: ▪ Abstract  Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption. Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from India, and C. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in Mozambique. C. partellus is competitively displacing indigenous stem borers in East and southern Africa. A parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes, was introduced from Pakistan for biological control of C. partellus and caused a 32–55% decrease in stem borer densities. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in Africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest status and yield losses, diapause, natural enemies, cultural control, host plant resistance, and biological control. Special attention is given to Busseola fusca and C. partellus, the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-4487
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 8
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    The Egyptian species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): a preliminary review (1999)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.73, 1-10 (1999) p.131
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-23
    Description: The species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) known from Egypt are revised. A total of 14 species are treated, including one new species. E. indifferentis Mercet, 1929, is synonymised with E. inaron (Walker, 1839). All species are fully described or diagnosed, and illustrated. Host records, and species-distributions outside Egypt, are given.
    Keywords: Egypt ; Encarsia ; Aleyrodidae ; Aphelinidae ; Diaspididae ; parasitoids ; biological control ; natural enemies ; 42.75
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 9
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    The Egyptian species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): a preliminary review (1999)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 73, 1-10, pp. 131-163
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) known from Egypt are revised. A total of 14 species are treated, including one new species. E. indifferentis Mercet, 1929, is synonymised with E. inaron (Walker, 1839). All species are fully described or diagnosed, and illustrated. Host records, and species-distributions outside Egypt, are given.
    Keywords: Egypt ; Encarsia ; Aleyrodidae ; Aphelinidae ; Diaspididae ; parasitoids ; biological control ; natural enemies
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    The parasites of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Cossidae, Crambidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae) in Africa, belonging to the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) (1996)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 304 no. 1, pp. 1-123
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A review is given of the parasites (parasitoids) of the African cereal stem borers (including introduced species) belonging to the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera); 38 species belonging to 19 genera are keyed and treated. Three new species are described: Macrocentrus sesamivorus spec. nov. from Kenya, Somalia, and Za\xc3\xafre (Macrocentrinae), Iphiaulax pilisoma spec. nov. from Senegal, and Amyosoma flavistigma spec. nov. from Australia (Braconinae). New synonyms are: Euglyptobracon Telenga, 1936, with Pseudovipio Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1896; Lorenzoa de Stefani-Perez, 1909, Kulczynskia Niezabitowski, 1910, and Chivinia Shestakov, 1932, with Bracon Fabricius, 1804; Euvipio Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1904, with Stenobracon Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1901; Glyptomorpha baetica var. mauretanica Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1906, Euvipio fascialis Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1913, \xce\x95. maculiceps Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1914, and Vipio maculicepsida Shenefelt, 1978, with Stenobracon unifasciatus (Brull\xc3\xa9, 1846); Elphea lutea Cameron, 1903, with Stenobracon oculatus Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1901; Phanerotoma ocularis Kohl, 1906, P. rjabovi Vojnovskaja-Krieger, 1929, P. media Shestakov, 1930, P. ornatulopsis De Saeger, 1948, P. hispanica var. desertorum Hedwig, 1957, and P. flavitestacea Fischer, 1959, with P. leucobasis Kriechbaumer, 1894. New combinations are: Amyosoma chinense (Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1902), A. nyanzaense (Quicke & Wharton, 1989), A. yanoi (Watanabe, 1960), Bathyaulax nigripennis (Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1914), and Stenobracon rufus (Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1904). Lectotypes are designated for Camptothlipsis sublevis Granger, 1949, Bracon testaceorufatus Granger, 1949, and B. sesamiae Cameron, 1906. Bracon lautus Sz\xc3\xa9pligeti, 1901, is designated type species for Lucobracon Fahringer, 1927.
    Keywords: Braconidae; Cossidae; Crambidae; Noctuidae; Pyralidae; parasites; parasitoids; cereal stem borers; Amicrocentrum; Bassus; Amyosoma; Bracon; Digonogastra; Iphiaulax; Mesobraconoides; Steno- bracon; Euvipio; Tropobracon; Chelonus; Phanerotoma; Parallorhogas; Rhaconotus; Meteorus; Macrocentrus ; Cotesia; Dolichogenidea; Glyptapanteles; Orgilus; Afrotropical; Oriental; Australian; East Palaearctic; Nearctic; distribution; keys; biology.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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