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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gross structure of the respiratory organs and dimensions of the gill in the mud–skipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Bleeker) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Periopkrlialnwdon scldosseri the respiratory organs consist of the gills, the suprabranchial and opercular chambers. The gills are more suited for aerial than aquatic respiration as is shown by the presence of the vascular papillae, blood sinusesand dilated blood vessels in their lamellae. The gill lamellae possess a surface coat of sulphated mucopolysaccharides that prevents water loss during exposure to the air. The filaments of the outer hemibranchs in the first gill arch are reduced to nearly one quarter of those of its posterior hemibranch. The gill area in relation to body weight shows a high slope value (b=0·93).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05869.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haematological parameters of an air-breathing mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia (Ham.) (Amphipnoidae; Pisces) (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 10 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Haemoglobin concentrations, haematocrit values, red blood cell counts, red blood cell diameter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and plasma haemoglobin concentration were measured on the air-breathing mud eel Amphipnous cuchia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04089.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deviation from equivalent ion exchange in humus material using89Sr++ for determination of cation exchange capacity (1974)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 555-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The amount of Sr++ adsorbed by humus material from a swamp soil using89Sr++ (SrCl2) isotopic method was determined in order to explore the possibility of deviation from the equivalent ion exchange at low pH values. At low pH values there are relatively large distances between the ionized acidic groups. Theoretically Sr++ are not able to neutralize the surface completely if the ion exchange takes place in an equivalent ratio. Under the present experimental conditions a decreased ratio between Sr++ and Cl− in the wash solution during the outwashing of the excess of electrolytes seems to indicate the binding of SrCl+ to the ionized groups thus deviating from theoretical equivalent ion exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01558151
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants after long-term use of fertilizers and fungicides in Tanzania (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 44 (1995), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: copper fungicides ; metal concentration ; phosphate fertilizers ; phosphate rock ; tobacco leaves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A study was undertaken to assess the accumulation of some heavy metals in soils and tobacco leaves from farms which received phosphate fertilizers or copper fungicides for many years. Surface soil samples were collected from various locations in the Iringa district of Tanzania, representing virgin soils, soils receiving low fertilizer inputs, those with high fertilizer inputs, and those receiving Cu fungicides. Locally occurring rock phosphate samples were also included in the study. Heavy metals in the samples were extracted using aqua regia, DTPA, or NH4NO3. Tobacco leaves were sampled to assess their heavy metal concentration. Cadmium, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Pb were determined using atomic absorption or flame emission spectrophotometry. There was a significant heavy metal enrichment of soils receiving the high fertilizer and Cu fungicide inputs relative to virgin or low input soils. This resulted in higher concentrations of the metals in the leaves of tobacco grown in these soils. Although the magnitudes were not big, therefore probably posing no immediate danger, greater risks may arise in the future due to the observed increasing trend. The phosphate rock samples contained very low concentrations of Cd but some had very high levels of Mn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750931
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on nutrient release from slow-release fertilizers (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 46 (1996), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: electrical conductivity ; leaching ; nitrogen ; pH ; phosphorus ; potassium ; release pattern ; slow-release fertilizers ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of temperature on the release of N, P, and K from slow-release fertilizers (SRF). The study was conducted in micro-lysimeters filled with moist peat medium. Increasing the temperature from 4 to 12°C slightly increased N release from three different slow-release N (SRN) carriers with different particle sizes and coating thicknesses. At 21°C the rate of release was significantly different than the other two temperatures. Urea formaldehyde (UF), sulphur coated urea (SCU) and coated calcium nitrate (CCN), incubated in sphagnum moss peat, released between 3 and 20% of the applied N in six weeks. For eight synthetic and organic NPK carriers, the release pattern was similar to UF and SCU. However, the leaching losses of N from the NPK fertilizers were up to twenty times more than for the SRN products. Except for Osmocote® and Duna, which released 30–40% of the applied N as mineral-N within six weeks, all other slow-release and slowly mineralized NPK carriers acted like readily water-soluble compound NPK. Temperature did not affect the nutrient release from NPK fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420552
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus supplying capacity of heavily fertilized soils I. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics and phosphorus fractionation (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 47 (1996), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: adsorption isotherms ; P adsorption ; P fractions ; P supplying capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate the P sorption characteristics and P fractions in eight intensively fertilized soils collected from southern and central Norway. Adsorption of P at the initial P concentrations in the soil solution was very high in the Særheim clay loam soil which contained high amounts of organic C and clay. Adsorption data were fitted well to the classical Langmuir equation. The P affinity constant (k), adsorption maximum (b) and maximum buffer capacity (mbc) calculated from this equation differed considerably among soils. The P affinity constant (r=0.96,p=0.01) and maximum buffer capacity (r=0.97,p=0.01) were highly and positively correlated to organic C. None of the soil parameters were related to adsorption maximum. Phosphorus desorption from the heavily fertilized soils varied widely and depended on the initial P status of the soil and soil texture. The ratio between desorbed P and total P was significantly correlated to sorption parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed that total P positively and organic C negatively affected P desorption in the soils. Iron-P was a major P sink in these soils and it was related to clay content (r=0.69,p=0.1) and organic P (r=0.76,p=0.0.5), but it did not relate to average P removed per harvest (RPH). Calcium-P and Al-P were not related to any of the soil parameters but these fractions were the major contributors to RPH as expressed by a multiple regression equation: RPH=0.397+0.0016 × Ca-P + 0.0012 × Al-P (r=0.84,p=0.05). High content of inorganic fractions shows that most of the residual P may be plant available, albeit at reduced rate with time, in these soils but the availability will depend on soil types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01991543
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus supplying capacity of heavily fertilized soils II. Dry matter yield of successive crops and phosphorus uptake at different temperatures (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 47 (1996), S. 123-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: heavily fertilized soils ; P supplying capacity ; P uptake ; residual P ; soil test methods ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nine heavily fertilized soils were collected from southern and central Norway. A greenhouse experiment in the phytotron was conducted to evaluate the P supplying capacities of these soils at different temperatures (9, 12 and 18 °C). The crops were grown in succession and the sequence was oat, rye grass (cut twice), oat, rape and oat. Effect of temperature on dry matter (DM) yield and P uptake was more marked up to the fourth crop but the effect varied among crops. The DM yields of oat and rape increased with increasing temperature but the opposite was the case with rye grass. The yield differences among soils at 12 °C were highly significant (p 〈 0.01) in contrast to 9 and 18 °C. The amount of P taken up by plants in these soils was highest at 18. °C. The P supplying capacity was highest in the soils with higher content of organic P. Generally, the soils of very fine and coarse texture classes failed to supply enough P to crops to avoid P deficiency in the successive crops. Soil P test (P-NH4-lactate) values in most of the soils increased with increasing temperatures. The highest temperature effect was seen in the Særheim sand soil. Soil P test extractants P-AL, Bray-1 and Colwell-P were used to determine P in the soil after each harvest and the soil P test values were compared with P uptake by crops. Only the P-AL extractant was significantly correlated to cumulative P removal (CPR) by plants in most of the soils. Regression equation was calculated for each soil. The value of removed P per harvest (RPH) varied from 10.33 to 20.87 mg P kg−1 soil. Phosphorus drawdown slope was determined for each soil and the number of consecutive harvests necessary to reduce the P-AL value to a normal level (110 mg P kg−1 soil) was calculated. The drawdown slope varied widely (1.257–2.801) and this reflected the P buffer capacity and the number of crops required to lower the soil test P value to a normal level. The highest drawdown slope was found in the soils with higher P supplying capacities. The Bray-1 extractant was significantly correlated in the soils with higher buffer capacity but the Colwell-P method did not show significant correlation in any of the soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01991544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium concentration in vegetable crops grown in a sandy soil as affected by Cd levels in fertilizer and soil pH (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: cadmium uptake ; chinese cabbage ; carrots ; extractable Cd ; NPK fertilizers ; sandy soil ; soil pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field trials were conducted over a three-year period with chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) grown in a sandy soil with pH adjusted to 5.5 and 6.5. The NPK fertilizers containing 1, 30, 90, and 400 mg Cd kg−1 P were applied at the rate of 0.07, 2.1, 6.3 and 28 g Cd ha−1 yr−1. The amounts of Cd added through phosphate rock also ranged between 0.1 and 28 g ha−1 yr−1. The increased Cd application rates through NPK fertilizers increased the Cd concentration in both vegetables but the differences among treatments were not found to be significant. The Cd uptake by both crops was significantly (p〈0.01) higher at pH 5.5 than at pH 6.5. Chinese cabbage exhibited lower Cd concentration than carrots. Carrot leaves contained higher Cd than its roots. Cadmium removals by chinese cabbage and carrot were about 0.7 and 1.3 g ha−1 yr−1, respectively. At pH 5.5, Cd concentrations in the two crops, based on a three-year average, were 23 and 46% higher than at pH 6.5. Cadmium uptake by chinese cabbage from different sources of phosphate rock was affected to a very limited extent. Cadmium concentration generally increased over the years. Cadmium extracted by ammonium nitrate after harvest of the crops was closely related with soil pH and Cd concentration in the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749517
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selenium concentration in spring wheat as influenced by basal application and top dressing of selenium-enriched fertilizers (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 45 (1995), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Basal dressing ; Se-enriched fertilizers ; Se-uptake ; soil texture ; top-dressing ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A multisite field experiment was conducted to study the effect of topdressed Se-enriched Ca(NO3)2 (CN) and basal applied NPK on the selenium (Se) concentration in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selenium was applied either through CN (at the rates of 0, 6.45, and 12.91 g Se ha−1) or NPK (5.83 g Se ha−1). Selenium concentration in wheat grains increased consistently with increasing rate of Se-enriched CN or NPK. However, the superiority of Se-enriched CN over NPK in raising the Se concentration in wheat grain depended on location and growth conditions. At the same rate both methods of Se-application were found to be equally effective in raising the Se concentration of wheat grains. The Se concentration of grain was generally higher in the light textured soils than in the medium to heavy textured soils. Without Se application, the Se-concentration in wheat grain was about 16µg kg−1 which is regarded insufficient to meet the Se requirement for Se in animal and human. Calcium nitrate enriched with 25 mg Se kg−1 (6.45 g Se ha−1) increased the Se concentration in wheat grain to a desired level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00790666
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen uptake through water during early life of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) (1979)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 66 (1979), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Metabolism ; oxygen uptake ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The O2 consumption (mg/hr) through water in case of Anabas testudineus during development and growth has been measured and its relationship to body weight or length studied. The logarithmic plot of 02 uptake through water either against body weight or length suggested a statistically significant (P 〉 3.53) two-component curve, the point of intersection being at 11 mg body weight and 1.78 cm body length. These are the theoretical values of weight or length at which the responsibility of supplementing nearly 40% of the total O2 demand through the newly developed air breathing organ falls in the early life of the fish. One of the impelling causes forcing developing fry of Anabas to adopt a bimodal gas exchange machinery seems to be 4 fold increase in the diffusion distance at the gills.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032041
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