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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems (1979)
    Berkeley [u.a.] : University of California Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G1-95-0182b ; AWI G1-95-0182a
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 372 S.
    ISBN: 0520040015
    Series Statement: Studies in Ecology 5
    Branch Library: AWI Library
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of Suberin from Bark tissue rotted by Armillaria mellea (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 436-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent work here has, however, shown that the suberin content of bark tissue shows a marked decrease during rotting of the tissue by A. mellea. Ground bark tissue from the roots of Brachystegia spiciformis was extracted with ethanol, water and 5 per cent Na2SO3 successively, and then the suberin, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/207436a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global change, soil biodiversity, and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: three case studies (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The relative contribution of different soil organism groups to nutrient cycling has been quantified for a number of ecosystems. Some functions, particularly within the N-cycle, are carried out by very specific organisms. Others, including those of decomposition and nutrient release from organic inputs are, however, mediated by a diverse group of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and invertebrate animals. Many authors have hypothesized that there is a high degree of equivalence and flexibility in function within this decomposer community and thence a substantial extent of redundancy in species richness and resilience in functional capacity. Three case studies are presented to examine the relationship between soil biodiversity and nitrogen cycling under global change in ecosystem types from three latitudes, i.e. tundra, temperate grassland and tropical rainforest.In all three ecosystems evidence exists for the potential impact of global change factors (temperature change, CO2 enrichment, land-use-change) on the composition and diversity of the soil community as well as on various aspects of the nitrogen and other cycles. There is, however, very little unequivocal evidence of direct causal linkage between species richness and nutrient cycling efficiency. Most of the changes detected are shifts in the influence of major functional groups of the soil biota (e.g. between microflora and fauna in decomposition). There seem to be few data, however, from which to judge the significance of changes in diversity within functional groups. Nonetheless the soil biota are hypothesized to be a sensitive link between plant detritus and the availability of nutrients to plant uptake. Any factors affecting the quantity or quality of plant detritus is likely to change this link. Rigorous experimentation on the relationships between soil species richness and the regulation or resilience of nutrient cycles under global change thus remains a high priority.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00207.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determining the specific area of porous acoustic materials from water extraction data (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 6886-6890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The internal pore surface area per unit mass of solid (specific area) is an important parameter for the physical study of sound wave propagation in porous media. It is shown that this parameter can be evaluated with a reasonable accuracy from the integration of the water extraction curve (volume of water extracted versus applied pressure). This method is nonacoustic, modelless and well adapted to acoustic materials. It is a complementary method to the standard BET (Brunauer, Emmet, Teller) technique, generally used for powders in chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Experiments are made on loose glass beads of a few hundred microns diameter and results are compared to theoretical values. Results on heterogeneous materials used in civil engineering and in noise control are also given. The parameters necessary for the description of modern acoustic materials are estimated from the specific area measured by this method. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368985
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotic Reactions between African Savanna Species (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 203 (1964), S. 1302-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Evidence of similar toxic activity in high-veld soils has come from an entirely different direction, in the work of another of us (M. J. S.) on Armillaria mellea. This root parasite has long been known rarely or never to produce rhizomorphs in certain tropical soils, although doing so freely in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2031302a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The decomposition of branch-wood in the canopy and floor of a mixed deciduous woodland (1976)
    Springer
    Oecologia 26 (1976), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The pattern of decomposition of branch-wood greater than 2 cm diameter is described for a one hectare site at Meathop Wood, Cumbria, based on studies carried out as part of the IBP between 1967 and 1972. Three phases of decomposition are recognised. Following the death of branches in the canopy and their colonisation by fungi, decomposition proceeded at an average annual loss rate of about 8.4%. Wood at branch-fall had on average lost about 40% of its original dry weight. On the forest floor the average annual rate of weight lost to decomposition was 17.1%. This could be divided into two phases; fungi were predominant initially but shortly after branch-fall invasion by wood-boring animals occurred. The average annual branch-fall between 1967 and 1971 was 31.5 g·m-2. The standing crop of dead branch-wood on the forest floor was estimated in 1971 to be 203.3 g·m-2. Assuming steady state this implies an annual turnover of 15.5% of the standing crop which is in good agreement with the observed decomposition rate. Considerable differences in the rates of decay were observed between individual branches. No significant differences were found between branches of the four main “species” of tree investigated (Quercus robur pluspetraea, Fraxinus excelsior, Betula pendula pluspubescens, Corylus avellana).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582892
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping of maize with calliandra and leucaena in the subhumid highlands of Kenya: Part 2. Biomass decomposition, N mineralization, and N uptake by maize (1999)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 46 (1999), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: chemical composition ; mineral-N ; N recovery ; rate constants ; synchrony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A major challenge in developing agroforestry approaches that utilize tree-leaf biomass for provision of N to crops is to ensure synchrony between the N released from decomposing prunings and N demand by crops. A study was conducted in the subhumid highlands of Kenya to assess the rate of decomposition and mineralization of soil-incorporated Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner (calliandra) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) tree biomass and maize roots (Zea mays L.) both in an alley cropping and a sole cropping system. The amount of mineralized N peaked four weeks after planting (WAP) maize in all the treatments during both seasons of 1995. Cumulative mineralized N at week 20 ranged from 114 to 364 kg N ha−1 season−1, the absolute control treatment giving the lowest and the prunings-incorporated treatments giving the highest amounts in the two seasons. Total N uptake by maize, ranging from 42 to 157 kg ha−1 season−1, was lowest in the 'alley-cropped, prunings-removed' treatments, and highest in the 'non alley-cropped-prunings-incorporated' treatments. The apparent N recovery rate by maize was highest in the fertilizer applied treatments in the two seasons. Decomposition rate constants (kD) ranged from 0.07 to 0.21 week−1, and the rates among the different plant residues were as follows: leucaena 〈 calliandra 〈 maize roots. Nitrogen release rate constants (kN), ranging from 0.04 to 0.25 week−1, followed a similar pattern as the rate of decomposition with leucaena releasing the highest amount of N followed by calliandra and lastly by maize roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006269217882
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the SCUAF model to simulate natural miombo woodland and maize monoculture ecosystems in Zimbabwe (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 22 (1993), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: SCUAF ; computer model ; soil carbon ; soil nitrogen ; miombo ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract ‘Soil Changes Under Agroforestry’ (SCUAF), a computer model designed to predict changes in erosion, soil carbon and soil nitrogen over time within various agroforestry systems and climatic regimes, was assessed using input data from an undisturbed miombo woodland and an adjacent maize field in Zimbabwe. Predicted changes in soil carbon were in a realistic range for both miombo and maize treatments. However, the accuracy of the model may be a reflection of the detail required in its initialisation. Several problematic relationships were found within the model, in particular inconsistent patterns between nitrogen uptake and plant productivity under complex fertilisation simulations and a lack of attenuation of productivity in the simulation of miombo woodland as it approached maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705238
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentials of Millettia thonningii and Pterocarpus santalinoides for alley cropping in humid lowlands of West Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 40 (1998), S. 309-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: dry matter ; fallow ; grain yield ; shifting cultivation ; soil chemical changes ; soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to assess the suitability of two fallow species that are indigenous to West Africa, M. thonningii (Schum and Thonn) and P. santalinoides (L'Her), for alley cropping with maize and their effect on soil chemical properties. It was carried out during the rain-fed cropping season at Ibadan, Nigeria and Mbalmayo, Cameroon in 1993 and 1994. Total dry matter of P. santalinoides prunings was higher at the two sites than that of M. thonningii by about 35% to 37%. Maize grain yield in plots supplied with prunings was significantly higher (P 〉 0.05) than in control (no prunings or fertilizer application) at Ibadan. Grain yield in plots supplied with prunings plus 40 kg ha−1 urea fertilizer gave significantly higher yields than plots supplied with 80 kg N ha−1 urea fertilizer only. At Mbalmayo, there was no significant difference between grain yield in plots supplied with 80 kg N ha−1 and plots supplied with prunings plus 40 kg N ha-1 urea fertilizer though the latter had higher yields. Grain yield was also higher in the middle rows than in rows adjacent to the hedgerows and these were not significantly different. Weed dry matter was reduced by 27% to 43% when Pterocarpus prunings were applied and 13% to 31% with application of Millettia prunings. Weed flora in both locations changed from grasses to broad leaved. Soil chemical changes at soil depth 0 to 10 cm showed significant increases (pH, C, N, P and Ca) after two cropping seasons in plots supplied with prunings or prunings plus fertilizer than the initial values. At Mbalmayo, K was lower after cropping in treatments than the initial values while at Ibadan, K and Mg were lower except in plots supplied with Pterocarpus prunings only. P. santalinoides and M. thonningii have significant potential for agroforestry in this sub-region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006058427012
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient requirements of exotic tree species in Zimbabwe (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Eucalyptus species ; nutrient requirements ; N-fixing tree species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and field experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and at three field sites (Marondera, Domboshawa and Makoholi) in Zimbabwe to examine the effects of soils and fertilizers on nutrient uptake and growth of 6 exotic tree species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala, Casuarina cunninghamiana, and Acacia holosericea). Plant growth, N and P contents of all species were increased by the application of N, P, K and micronutrient fertilizers. The effect of individual nutrients (N, P, K and micronutrients) and their combination on Eucalyptus species was further investigated in a pot experiment using soil from Domboshawa. Eucalyptus species responded only to N application and no significant interactions were found between N and the other elements. Nutrient uptake results showed that E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis removed more cations than the N-fixing trees but only in the fertilized treatments. L. leucocephala and C. cunninghamiana were higher in P, but no clear trends were observed for N. Plant growth and nutrient uptake by E. camaldulensis. C. cunninghamiana and A. holosericea were assessed in the field at the three sites. Plant species grown in the Marondera site had greater height and diameter at breast height (DBH) than those in the two other sites. These results followed trends in soil nutrient contents. The analysis of foliage revealed differences in the nutrient concentration of leaves from different trees, but no effect of site was found. The interrelationships between plant characteristics, soil and foliage nutrients were examined. In a pot experiment, mineral N was the only variable correlated with growth response and nutrient uptake, while in the field the only significant correlation was obtained with soil pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010400
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