ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Angiosperms  (438)
  • temperature  (226)
  • Springer  (663)
  • American Meteorological Society  (1)
  • American Physical Society
  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (460)
  • 1980-1984  (202)
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    Language: English
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper results from the application of an ocean data assimilation (ODA) system, combining a multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolator (OI) scheme with a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM), are described. The present ODA system, designed to assimilate in situ temperature and salinity observations, has been used to produce ocean reanalyses for the 1962–2001 period. The impact of assimilating observed hydrographic data on the ocean mean state and temporal variability is evaluated. A special focus of this work is on the ODA system skill in reproducing a realistic ocean salinity state. Results from a hierarchy of different salinity reanalyses, using varying combinations of assimilated data and background error covariance structures, are described. The impact of the space and time resolution of the background error covariance parameterization on salinity is addressed.
    Description: This work has been funded by the ENACT Project (Contract EVK2-CT2001-00117) for A. Bellucci and P. Di Pietro, and partially by the ENSEMBLES Project (Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539) for A. Bellucci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3785-3807
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ocean modelling ; data assimilation ; reanalysis ; upper ocean variability ; temperature ; Salinity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 454-461 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Impregnation ; void ; liquid ; fabric ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Under the condition that liquid epoxy resin impregnation was through polyester non-woven fabric sheets, sandwiched between two circular glass plates, the increase in gas pressure caused by decrease in the volume of non-impregnating area was not as much as expected according to Boyle's law. Hence, the quantity of the gas consumed by dissolution and diffusion into the liquid resin and the polyester fibers, as well as by the void formation in the impregnating area of liquid resin, was calculated. According to the results, the quantities of gas decreased by dissolution and diffusion from the non-impregnating area into the impregnating liquid resin and into the polyester fiber are found to be so small that the deviation from Boyle's law mostly depends on the gas consumption due to the void formation in the impregnating area. Observing the impregnating region with a microscope, many voids were found in the area between the non-impregnating area and the completely impregnated area. The number and size of voids are theoretically estimated by assuming the non-uniformity of the fiber distribution in the polyester non-woven fabric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; maize ; water ; drought ; stress ; development ; models ; phytotron ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des plants de maïs se développent dans un phytotron dans 4 conditions d'humidité du sol (de la saturation à la dessication) et à 3 températures constantes (20°, 25° & 30°C). Chaque pied est contaminé au moment de l'émission du pollen, par une ooplaque d'O. nubilalis Hübn. (ECB) de race européenne E. L'installation, la colonisation et le développement des chenilles sont notés lors de 12 périodes de prélèvements destructifs (4 par température). La vitesse de développement d'O. nubilalis est affectée par la température, main non par l'humidité du sol. Les 4 niveaux d'humidité du sol n'ont aucun effet sur la teneur en eau des tiges de maïs. En fait, les feuilles de maïs présentent une senescence précoce lorsqu'il y a déficit en eau dans le sol. La teneur en eau du sol agit sur l'installation, sur la distribution verticale, la dispersion et le lieu d'alimentation des chenilles; mais ces effets sont légers et ne modifient pas la vitesse de développement. L'environnement larvaire dans la tige de maïs est efficacement isolé des variations externes par l'aptitude de la plante à maintenir la teneur en eau des tiges relativement élevée et stable. Ainsi, des changements importants au niveau du sol n'ont pratiquement pas d'effets sur le développement d'O. nubilalis, malgré les conséquences brutales pour la plante. Cette étude montre que la vitesse de développement d'O. nubilalis est relativement insensible aux modifications de la teneur en eau du sol ainsi qu'aux effets de ce stress de sécheresse sévère sur le pied de maïs. La discussion porte sur l'importance de ces résultats pour la modélisation de la dynamique de l'insecte, la physiologie de la culture et les interactions entre insecte et plante.
    Notes: Abstract Maize plants were grown under four moisture regimes (wet to extreme deficit) and three constant temperatures (20°, 25° & 30°C) in a phytotron. Each plant was infested with one E-race European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubn.)] (ECB) egg mass at pollen shed. ECB development, location, and establishment were recorded over the course of 12 destructive sample dates (4/temperature). ECB developmental rates were not significantly affected by soil moisture treatments, but were significantly affected by temperature. In spite of successful establishment of four distinctly different soil moisture regimes, the maize stalk tissue water levels were not significantly different among soil water treatments. Instead, the maize plants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence in response to the water deficit conditions. Among the soil water treatments, differences were found in larval establishment, vertical distribution and dispersion, and feeding site selection; however, those effects were slight and could not explain the similarity in ECB developmental rates observed in these treatments. In maize, the larval environment within the stalk was effectively insulated from changes in the external environment by the plant's ability to maintain a relatively high and stable stalk tissue water content. Thus, large changes to the soil environment had essentially no effect on ECB development, though drastic consequences for the plant. This study indicates that ECB rates of development are relatively insensitive to changes in the soil water environment as well as the associated changes in the maize plant that accompany severe drought stress. The significance of these findings to insect modelling, crop physiology, and insect-crop interactions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 204-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) ; Tortricidae ; diapause ; photoperiod ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde untersucht, welche abiotischen Faktoren die Beendigung der fakultativen Diapause ausgewachsener Apfelwicklerlarven (Laspeyresia pomonella) steuern. Die Beendigung der Diapause unter Langtagbedingungen (LT) wird beeinflusst durch: 1. die Zuchttemperatur der Larven während der Prädiapauseentwicklung; 2. die Dauer der Präinkubation, d.h. die Zeit, während der diapausierende Larven unter Prädiapause-Zuchtbedingungen bleiben; 3. die Reaktivierungs-inkubation, d.h. eine Periode von 70 d, während der die Larven auf 4° gekühlt werden und 4. die Komplementärinkubation (LT und, ausser in einem Experiment, 26°), d.h. die nach der Kühlung bzw. dem Wechsel in der Photoperiode benötigte Zeitdauer bis zur Verpuppung. Die Komplementärinkubation ist deutlich kürzer, wenn die Prädiapauseentwicklung der Larven bei Temperaturen unter 26° stattfindet. Bei 19° verpuppten sich 100% der Larven, wobei der Zeitpunkt der Verpuppung durch die Verlängerung der Präinkubationszeit beschleunigt wurde. Bei Larven, die bei 26° gezüchtet wurden, erreichte die Verpuppungsrate lediglich 56% bei einer relativ langen Präinkubationsdauer, wobei deren Verlängerung auch die Larvenmortalität erhöhte. Nach einer Zuchttemperatur von 19° und einer Präinkubationsdauer von 90 Tagen konnte die Diapause unter Kurztagbedingungen beendet werden, wenn die Temperatur auf 26° erhöht wurde.
    Notes: Abstract The abiotic factors regulating the termination of the facultative diapause of the mature larva of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), are described. The termination of diapause under long-day conditions (LD) is influenced by: (i) the rearing temperature of the larvae during prediapause development, (ii) the duration of the preincubation period, i.e. the time for which the diapausing larvae remain under prediapause rearing conditions, (iii) the reactivating incubation, i.e. the period for which the larvae are chilled, and (iv) the complementary incubation (LD and, except in one experiment, 26°), i.e. the period after the chilling needed for the pupation of the insects. The complementary incubation is distinctly shorter if the prediapause development of the larvae takes place at rearing temperatures below 26°, i.e. 21° or 19°. The latter conditions led to 100% pupae and pupation could be accelerated by prolonging the preincubation period. In larvae reared at 26°, the prolongation of the preincubation period raised the rate of pupation to a maximum of only 56% and also caused higher mortality. On the other hand, diapause was terminated under short-day conditions if the temperature was raised to 26° after a rearing temperature of 19° and a preincubation period of 90 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 849-852 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: alternative mating tactics ; temperature ; Stictia heros ; Sphecidae ; Costa Rica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 749-764 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Apparent molar enthalpy ; heat capacity ; volume ; compressibility ; expansitivity ; Debye-Hückel limiting law ; dielectric constant ; PVT properties ; pressure ; temperature ; thermodynamic properties ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Using internationally recognized critical evaluations for the dielectric constant of water by Uematsu and Franck and the thermodynamic surface of water by Haar, Gallagher, and Kell, the Bureau of Mines presents values for the Pitzer-Debye-Hückel limiting slopes for osmotic coefficients, apparent molal enthalpies, apparent molal heat capacities, apparent molal volumes, molal compressibilities, and apparent molal expansivities from 0 to 350°C and from saturation to 1 kbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 19-35 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Viscosity ; automatic viscometer ; aqueous solution ; univalent electrolyte ; Jones-DoleB andD coefficient ; temperature ; coefficient ; water structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Viscosity measurements of a series of univalent electrolytes in water have been performed with an automatic dual viscometer system, covering the temperature range of 5 to 95°C. Results are discussed in terms of Jones-DoleB andD coefficients. TheB coefficients of the salts are divided into their ionic contributions according toB(K+)=B(Cl−) at all temperatures. On a simple model intrinsic and structural contributions inB are calculated for the different ions. The structural term depends exponentially on the temperature in a unique manner, independent of the ion (except for Li+).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Liriomyza trifolii ; Agromyzidae ; Diptera ; temperature ; thresholds ; life history ; feeding ; intrinsic rate of increase ; tomato ; host-plant suitability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La vitesse de développement, la mortalité, l'alimentation, la fécondité et la longévité de L. trifolii (Burgess) élevés sur plants de tomates du cultivar ‘Moneydor’ ont été examinées au laboratoire sous 3 températures constantes (15°C, 20°C et 25°C) et une thermopériode (16/22°C, moyenne 19,5°C). Les taux de développement et les seuils de chaque stade ont été déterminés à partir des droites de régressions. Aucune corrélation n'a été mise en évidence entre ces variables biologiques et la taille des pupes. De plus, certaines données sur la biologie de L. trifolii sont fournies et discutées. Le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement, rm a varié de-0,0023 oeuf viable/femelle/jour à 15°C à 0,1254 oeuf viable/femelle/jour à 25°C et la reproduction nette de 1 oeuf femelle viable/femelle à 15°C à 26 oeufs femelles viables/femelle à 25°C. La durée d'une génération a varié de 48 jours à 15°C à 24 j à 25°C. 90% de la ponte a eu lieu dans les 115 premiers degrés jours de la vie imaginale à 20 et 25°C. La fécondité et la longévité étaient fortement liées au nombre de piqûres nutritionnelles. Ces résultats montrent que la tomate est un hôte convenable permettant aux populations de L. trifolii de se développer lorsque la température est supérieure à 16°C.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of three constant (15°C, 20°C and 25°C) and one alternating (16–22°C, mean 19.5°C) temperatures on development, mortality, feeding, fecundity and longevity of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on tomato plants cv. ‘Moneydor’ were examined in the laboratory. Development rates and thresholds for each instar were estimated by means of linear regression. No correlation was found between life history variables and pupal length. Further, data on the biology of L. trifolii are given and discussed. The intrinsic rate of increase, rm, varied from-0.0023 viable female eggs/⧫/day at 15°C to 0.1254 eggs/⧫/day at 25°C and net reproduction from one viable female egg/⧫ at 15°C to 26 eggs/⧫ at 20°C. Generation time varied from 48 days at 15°C to 24 days at 25°C. Ninety % oviposition occurred within the first 115 degree-days of adult life at both 20°C and 25°C. Fecundity and longevity were highly correlated with the number of feeding punctures. The data indicate that tomato is a suitable host plant allowing populations of L. trifolii to increase if temperatures are above 16°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Estrogen receptor ; homogenization ; temperature ; nucleus ; uterus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Homogenization of rat uterus at elevated temperatures results in an increased nuclear localization of unoccupied estrogen receptor. This is a nonlinear effect which is accounted for by an increased population of KCl-resistant nuclear binding sites at the elevated homogenization temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1441-1443 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Conidia ; Neurospora crassa ; temperature ; respiration ; germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Incubation of conidia of wild typeNeurospora crassa at temperatures ranging from 25 to 46°C modulates their respiratory type. Between 37 and 41°C, the transient activity of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway parallels, with a maximal extrusion of protons into the medium, the optimal rate of germ tube outgrowth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1429-1430 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fish ; serotonin ; hydrostatic pressure ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The contents of serotonin (5 HT) and its metabolite 5 hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) have been measured (HPLC technique) in the brains of eels exposed to different conditions of hydrostatic pressure and temperature (HP=1 or 101 ATA in winter, Tw=14°C, and in summer, Tw=19°C). It appears that an increase of Tw induces a significant increase of the 5 HT/5 HIAA ratio. In contrast, eels exposed at 101 ATA of HP for 1 h do not exhibit any modification in the 5 HT/5 HIAA brain ratio at a given temperature. The involvement of 5 HT under the conditions studied is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1532-1533 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Marlin ; muscle ; mechanics ; ATPase activity ; temperature ; skinned fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary ATPase activity and force generation have been measured simultaneously in isolated, demembranated muscle fibers of the Pacific blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) between 0 and 30°C. Tension generation is relatively independent of temperature above 15°C and falls with a Q10 of 〈1.5 on decreasing the temperature to 0°C. In contrast, the Q10 for ATPase activity is 2.2 over the range 0–30°C. The results are interpreted in terms of the cross bridge theory of contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1192-1197 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Psychrophily ; psychrotrophy ; microorganisms ; temperature ; physiology ; activities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms have the ability to grow at 0°C. Psychrotrophic microorganisms have a maximum temperature for growth above 20°C and are widespread in natural environments and in foods. Psychrophilic microorganisms have a maximum temperature for growth at 20°C or below and are restricted to permanently cold habitats. This ability to grow at low temperature may be correlated with a lower temperature characteristic than that of the mesophiles, an increasing proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid phase of the cell membrane, which makes it more fluid, and a protein conformation functional at low temperature. The relatively low maximum temperature of growth for these microorganisms is often considered to be due to the thermolability of one or more essential cellular components, particularly enzymes, while some degradative activities are enhanced, resulting in an exhaustion of cell energy, a leakage of intracellular substances or complete lysis. Psychrotrophic microorganisms are well-known for their degradative activities in foods. Some are pathogenic or toxinogenic for man, animals or plants. However in natural microbial ecosystems psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microorganisms can play a large role in the biodegradation of organic matter during cold seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 414-415 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; quantal content ; antarctic fish ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The quantal contents of endplate potentials from extraocular muscles of an antarctic fishPagothenia borchgrevinki were measured over a range of temperatures. Quantal release was maximal at about 5°C but showed little dependence on temperature between −2°C and 10°C. Above 10°C quantal content declined until release ceased about 18°C. In view of the fact that the ambient temperature at which these fish live is constant at −1.9°C, the results suggest thatPagothenia borchgrevinki is only partially adapted to its environment despite 25 million years acclimatization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 349-351 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; temperature ; brain ; hibernation ; Helix aspersa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ablation of the brain from hibernatingHelix aspersa maintained at 25°C causes a significant increase in the proliferation of male cells in the gonad, whereas the ablation of the optic tentacles has no effect. The brain, therefore, produces a factor which specifically inhibits the multiplication of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: diapause ; induction ; termination ; temperature ; crowding ; inheritance ; Ephestia cautella ; almond moth ; stored products insect ; citrus pulp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'induction de la diapause larvaire d'Ephestia cautella (Walker) dépend du génotype et de la densité larvaire. Des croisements à l'intérieur de la souche diapausante donnent 79% de diapause aux fortes densités larvaires et 40% aux faibles densités. Les croisements des adultes de cette souche avec ceux de la souche non-diapausante donnent 36% de diapause aux fortes densités et 6% aux faibles densités. La fréquence de fin de diapause est héréditaire et dépend de la température. Ces résultats peuvent expliquer les variations saisonnières du taux de diapause E. cautella dans la pulpe de citron stockée. La diapause larvaire a été induite chez des groupes de chenilles par surpeuplement dans des élevages standards, et chez des chenilles isolées par élevage sur une quantité limitée d'aliments frais ou sur une quantité abondante d'aliments frais contenant des résidus alimentaires provenent d'élevages surpeuplés. Les effets inducteurs de ces résidus alimentaires disparaissent après extraction avec les solvants de lipides. Une certaine action est observée par de l'extraint sec sur de l'aliment frais.
    Notes: Abstract Larval diapause induction in Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a function of the interaction between genotype and larval crowding. A diapause stock in which 79% of the larvae diapaused under crowded conditions and 40% diapaused under uncrowded conditions was maintained by selection. Outbreeding of adults from this diapause stock to those from a non-diapause stock resulted in 36% diapause under crowded conditions and 6% diapause under uncrowded conditions. The rate of termination of larval diapause is inheritable and temperature dependent. These data seem to explain the seasonal trends in percentage larval diapause among E. cautella infesting citrus pulp during storage. Larval diapause was induced in groups of larvae by crowding in mass cultures and in single larvae by rearing on a small amount of fresh diet or on a larger amount of fresh diet containing residual diet from crowded cultures. The diapause-inducing effects of this residual diet could be removed by extraction with lipid solvents. Some activity was demonstrated when the extract was dried onto fresh diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: temperature ; growth rates ; cassava mealybug ; Phenacoccus manihoti ; life table ; Manihot esculenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des tables de vie ont été établies pour déterminer l'effet de températures constantes sur les taux de croissance de populations de la cochenille du manioc, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., et ainsi comprendre les changements au sein des populations du ravageur dans les champs et mener à bien le programme de lutte biologique organisé à l'I.I.T.A. contre cette cochenille. P. manihoti, introduit à partir de l'Amérique latine en Afrique, y menace la production du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement natural (rm) a augmenté de 0.114 à 20°C, à 0.185 à 27°C, avant de descendre à 0.182 à 30.5°C. Le taux net de reproduction (Ro) a été relativement élevé (426–584 oeufs femelles/génération). Dans nos conditions expérimentales, la mortalité a atteint 50% au bout de 37.5, 21.5, 19.0 jours respectivement à 20, 23.5, 27 et 30.5°C. La durée du cycle et le coefficient d'accroissement (λ) étaient inversement liés à la température. Le ravageur possède la capacité de doubler sa population en 6.08 jours à 20°C alors que 3.81 jours seulement suffisent pour doubler la population à 30.5°C. Ces résultats nous ont permis de comprendre et d'expliquer l'énorme pouvoir de pullulation de la cochenille observé dans les champs pendant la saison sèche; il s'ensuit que les lâchers des entomophages produits en élevages doivent se faire très tôt au début de la saison sèche, afin de contrecarrer la grande fertilité et la capacité d'augmentation rapide des populations de P. manihoti.
    Notes: Abstract Life table studies were conducted to assess the effect of constant temperature on the rate of population growth of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Four temperatures, between 20 and 30.5°C, were tested. An inverse relationship was observed between temperature and most demographic parameters. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) increased from 0.1 at 20°C to 0.2 at 27°C and 30.5°C. The net reproductive rate varied between 426.3 at 30.5°C and 584.7 at 20°C. The mealybug population reached 50% mortality after 37.5, 21.5, 19.0 and 19.0 days respectively at 20, 23.5, 27 and 30.5°C. The results indicate that P. manihoti can persist and increase in numbers within the range between 20 and 30.5°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: photoperiod ; temperature ; Inachis io ; life-cycle ; geographical variation ; butterfly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Inachis io (L.), observable dans une grande partie de l'Europe, y présente des différences quant au cycle biologique, au voltinisme et à la durée du développement. Trois populations provenant de la zone de transition entre monovoltinisme et bivoltinisme ont été échantillonnées pour examiner les différences de réponses à la photopériode et à la température, et pour évaluer l'étendue des possibilités d'adaptation de cette espèce à l'environnement et ainsi optimaliser son potentiel reproductif. L'induction photopériodique de la diapause est de type jour long pour toutes les souches examinées, mais la photopériode critique 50 (CPh50) varie suivant les populations et paraît étroitement ajustée aux conditions locales. Il y a cependant assez de variabilité à l'intérieur des populations pour que le seuil puisse être rapidement abaissé dans chaque population par des expériences d'élevage sélectif. Par contre, la vitesse de développement ne varie pas significativement entre les populations pour la gamme de température: 15–27°C. Les poids de chrysalides ne diffèrent pas suivant les populations, bien qu'ils augmentent quand la température de dévelppement diminue. On peut penser que des modèles, prédisant que la diminution du nombre de générations pendant une saison sera accompagnée d'une prolongation de la durée de développement et d'une augmentation de la taille, et que ceci est d'origine génétique et non le résultat seul du refroidissement de l'environnement, ne tiendront pas compte de l'absence de variation entre populations dans la relation entre température et développement.
    Notes: Abstract The variation in response to photoperiod and temperature of different populations of the peacock butterfly, Inachis io (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), was investigated to test the extent to which species can adjust their response to the environment, and therefore maximise their reproductive potential. The photoperiodic (adult) diapause induction response varies between populations, and appears to be finely tuned to the local conditions. There is however variation within populations and the response can be adjusted in a population by selective breeding. The developmental rate is not significantly different between three latitudinally distinct populations, over the range of temperatures tested, and pupal weights are similar at given temperatures. However, pupal weights increase with decreasing development temperature. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to modelling life history strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: composantes phéromonales ; diffusion ; température ; vent ; Z9-12:Ac ; 12:Ac ; Z9-14:Ac ; pheromonal components ; diffusion ; temperature ; wind ; Z9-12:Ac ; 12:Ac ; Z9-14:Ac
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To determine the effect of various factors influencing the emission rate of pheromones from slow release dispensers, laboratory tests were undertaken with two types of rubber (Michelin) and one type of plastic trilaminate (Hercon®) dispenser. The effects of chain length, and the presence of double bonds were tested with three pheromonal compounds, Z9-12: Ac, 12: Ac and Z9-14: Ac impregnated on both types of rubber dispenser. The influences of temperature, wind velocity, humidity and percent loading were also tested. Data obtained indicated that chain length has a greater effect than the presence of a double bond. Amongst the climatic factors tested, wind speed has a greater effect than temperature while humidity has a minimal effect.
    Notes: Abstract Deux types de diffuseurs en caoutchouc (Michelin) et en plastique polystratifié (Hercon®) sont testés en laboratoire pour étudier quelques aspects des phénomènes de diffusion. Trois composantes phéromonales, le Z9-12: Ac, le 12: Ac et le Z9-14: Ac imprégnées dans ces différents supports servent à détermineer le rôle joué par la longueur de la chaîne de la molécule et la présence de doubles liaisons sur la vitesse de diffusion. L'influence de la température, de la vitesse du vent et de l'humidité est déterminée en cellules climatisées. Parmi les facteurs relatifs à la structure chimique, l'influence de la longueur de la chaîne est prédominante par rapport à la présence d'une double liaison. Parmi les facteurs climatiques, le vent agit plus que la température sur la diffusion, alors que l'humidité paraît secondaire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Pyrrhocoris apterus ; adult size ; egg weight ; starvation ; temperature ; pollution ; crowding ; duration of development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Körpergrösse bei den Imagines eines Wildstammes der Feuerwanze Pyrrhocoris apterus wurde teilweise durch die Veränderlichkeit der Eigrösse determiniert, teilweise auch durch Hungern der Larven, niedrige Temperatur und metabolischen Produkten beeinflusst. Der Effekt letzterer Faktoren stieg mit deren Dauer und war je grösser desto näher sich die Wirkungsperiode zur Imaginalhäutung befand. Unterschiedliche Photoperioden wirkten auf die Körperlänge nicht. Wurden die Larven zwischen der ungünstigen Periode und der Imaginalhäutung noch den optimalen Bedingungen ausgesetzt, kompensierten sich die negativen Einflüsse weitgehend. Zu einer drastischen Verkleinerung der Imagines kam es nur, wenn das letzte Larven-stadium mit Hunger beeinflusst wurde und bis zur Imaginalhäutung keinen Zutritt zum Futter hatte. Minimales Gewicht, wo die Metamorphose der Larven noch möglich war, wurde zu 18 mg festgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The determination of body size (length or weight) of teneral adults of Pyrrhocoris apterus L. was investigated. About 50% of size variation was determined already in the egg stage (average egg weight adult length correlations were 0.67 in males and 0.71 in females). During the larval development, starvation, low temperature, and pollution by excreta combined with crowding reduced adult size and usually increased the development length. The effects were directly proportionate to the length of the stress period, and increased with larval age. Photoperiod or intrinsic variation of development time did not affect adult size. The effects of stress were largely compensated when it was followed by a period of compensation growth at optimum conditions. A dramatic reduction of size appeared when last inster larvae starved and moulted to adults without access to food. Average adult weight was then reduced by up to 48%. Threshold weight for adult moulting was 18 mg, being attained after 1–2 day feeding of the last instar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Dacus tryoni ; fruit fly ; frosts ; cold ; survival ; winter ; step ; ramp ; cooling ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'aptitude à survivre à une ou plusieurs expositions à des températures inférieures à zéro dépend à la fois de leur sévérité et du laps de temps entre les expositions. L'effet d'une température minimale déterminée dépend de sa valeur, de sa durée et du type de refroidissement: brutal (step) ou progressif (ramp). Les effets de toute température minimale peuvent être exprimés en termes de LE50 (temps nécessaire pour obtenir une mortalité de 50% avec une exposition unique). Lorsque le temps d'application de la température minimale correspond à 35% du LE50, il n'y a pas de mortalité, de même dans le cas de répétitions quotidiennes. Lorsque le minimum est subi pendant 44% du LE50, il provoque environ 14% de mortalité après la première exposition, avec 3% supplémentaire après chaque exposition quotidienne, mais l'augmentation est nulle si l'exposition au froid n'a lieu que tous les 3 jours. Lorsque le minimum est subi pendant 88% de LE50, la mortalité après la première exposition est d'environ 40% et de même importance à chaque nouvelle exposition, même si elles sont espacées de 7 j. Lorsque la durée d'exposition au minimum correspond à 125% et à 150% de LE50, les mortalités sont respectivement d'environ 80% et 100% à la première exposition. La température maximale quotidienne, entre 15 et 25°C, semble avoir peu d'influence sur la mortalité provoquée par des expositions répétées à-5°C. Les mouches d'âges différents résistent de la même façon jusqu'à 6 expositions répétées à-6°C, mais au-delà les mouches âgées sont plus sensibles que les jeunes. Dans la mesure où, dans la nature, la durée d'exposition à la température minimale est connue et où la température dans le sol peut être calculée ou mesurée, ces résultats peuvent permettre d'interpréter la mortalité provoquée par le gel.
    Notes: Abstract Ability to survive exposure to single or repeated periods at a subzero temperature is related to the temperature experienced, whether it is approached quickly or slowly, the time for which it prevails and the interval between exposures. The severity of any low temperature can be expressed in terms of LE50 (time required to kill 50% of individuals with one exposure). Minima enduring for 35% LE50 do not cause any mortality, even when repeated daily. Minima enduring for 44% LE50 cause ca 14% mortality on the first occurrence but no more if repeated at 3 day intervals, but 3% more per occasion if repeated daily. Minima enduring for 88% LE50 cause ca 40% mortality on first occurrence and an equal amount at each recurrence even if each is 7 days apart. Minima enduring for 125% LE50 and over 150% LE50 cause respectively ca 80% and 100% mortality respectively on first occurrence. The daily maximum temperature (in the range 15°C to 25°C) appears to have little relevance to the mortality caused by a repeated minimum of -5°C. Flies of different ages have a similar ability to survive a repeated minimum of -6°C for up to six exposures, but thereafter old flies are more susceptible than young ones. These results can be related to mortality caused by frosty conditions in the field so long as the time spent at the minimum is known and the temperature on the ground can be measured or calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Encyrtidae ; parasitoids ; Pseudococcidae ; mealybugs ; Anagyrus pseudococci ; Leptomastix dactylopii ; Leptomastidea abnormis ; temperature ; predicting development ; thresholds ; temperate glasshouses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les vitesses de développement de 3 parasitoïdes de cochenilles ont été étudiées dans les conditions de température de serre, avec thermopériode ou en température constante. En conditions constantes, la vitesse augmente jusqu'à 35°C, mais est létale à 40°C. Avec thermopériode, une thermophase de 40°C peut être tolérée pendant 12 heures. Les vitesses de développement sous thermopériodes pourraient être calculées à partir des données obtenues en conditions constantes, modifiées en fonction des durées respectives des cryophases et thermophases. Une méthode originale est présentée pour obtenir les seuils inférieurs de développement, en utilisant des thermopériodes, et pour calculer les vitesses de développement à températures élevées. Une méthode de régression polynomiale, non vérifiée préalablement, a été utilisée pour prévoir les durées moyennes des développements sous serre. Ces estimations sont beaucoup plus sûres que les prédictions basées sur le concept de degré-jour (Do), lorsque les températures extrêmes durent longtemps, mais en serre chaude elles ne présentent aucune différence significative. De plus, une méthode d'évaluation des 95% d'émergences, a donné de bonnes estimations des premières et dermières émergences en conditions périodiques.
    Notes: Abstract Developmental rates of three encyrtid mealybug parasitoids were examined under constant, cycling and glasshouse temperatures. Under constant conditions the rate of development increased with rising temperature up to 35°C, but a constant 40°C was lethal. Under cycling conditions, 12 h periods at 40°C could be tolerated. Developmental rates under cycling conditions could be calculated from constant temperature data, by incrementing development on an h/h basis. A new technique was developed to determine the lower thresholds for development, using cycling regimes and to calculate the rates of development over short periods at high temperature. A previously untested polynomial regression technique was used to predict mean developmental periods under glasshouse conditions. These predictions were considerably more accurate than day-degree (Do) predictions when substantial periods at extreme temperatures were involved, but not significantly different from day-degree predictions under ‘hot-house’ conditions. In addition a method was developed to calculate a 95% range for emergence, which gave consistently good estimates of first and last eclosion observed under fluctuating conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Bembidion lampros ; Pterostichus cupreus ; Carabidae ; Coleoptera ; behaviour ; temperature ; searching ; consumption ; cereal aphid ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; prey ; density ; barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux maximum de consommation de R. padi L. à différentes températures ont été déterminés au laboratoire chez deux carabes, B. lampros Herbstet P. cupreus L. La consommation moyenne a augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces, B. lampros consommant un maximum de 15,9 larves des stades 1 à 3 et 9,1 pucerons adultes aptères, à 25°C. P. cupreus a été particulièrement vorace et a consommé 125,3 adultes aptères par jour à 20°C. Le comportement des deux espèces a été observé en filmant en vidéo des carabes à jeun, maintenus à différentes températures constantes, dans des enceintes semées en orge de printemps. Des éléments du comportement, communs aux deux espèces, ont été définis: 1) immabilité, 2) marche et course, 3) recherche, 4) affrontement. P. cupreus a été plus actif à toutes les températures, B. lamprosa été inactif au-dessous de 10°C. La part de temps consacrée à la recherche, le nombre de plantes prospectées, et la vitesse ont augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces. Dans des enceintes similaires colonisées par R. padi, P. cupreus a significativement augmenté le temps consacré à la recherche dans les enceintes, parallèlement à l'augmentation de la densité des pucerons. Après la découverte d'une colonie de pucerons, P. cupreus escalade et prospecte la plante et ses voisines immédiates; tandis que les plantes des enceintes sans pucerons sont rarement escaladées. B. lampros n'a pas été observé escaladant des plantes d'enceintes avec ou sans pucerons, et il n'a pas accru son temps de prospection en fonction de la densité de pucerons. Les quelques B. lampros qui ont capturé des pucerons l'ont fait lorsque ceux-ci marchaient sur la surface du sol. La discussion a porté sur l'efficacité relative des deux carabes comme prédateurs de R. padi, et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux d'études du même type, menées ailleurs, avec des prédateurs de Sitobion avenae sur blé d'hiver.
    Notes: Abstract Maximum consumption rates were determined for two carabids, Bembidion lampros Herbst. and Pterostichus cupreus L., feeding on the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. at different temperatures in the laboratory. Mean daily consumption increased with increasing temperature for both species, B. lampros consuming a maximum of 16 1–3 instar nymphs and 9 apterous adult aphids at 25°C. P. cupreus was particularly voracious and consumed 125 apterous adult R. padi per day at 20°C. The behaviour of both species was analysed by video filming starved beetles, maintained at different constant temperatures, in arenas sown with spring barley. The behavioural components (1) still; (2) run/walk; (3) search and (4) confrontation were identified and were common to both species. P. cupreus was more active over the temperature range tested; B. lampros was inactive under 10°C. The proportion of time spent searching, number of plants searched, and velocity increased with increasing temperature for both species. When observed in similar arenas seeded with R. padi colonies, individuals of P. cupreus significantly increased their time spent searching in arenas with increasing aphid density. Following discovery of an aphid colony, individuals climbed and searched the host plant and its nearest neighbours. Plants in aphid free arenas were rarely climbed. B. lampros was not observed climbing in either aphid free arenas or in arenas with increasing aphid densities, and did not significantly increase its time spent searching in response to increased prey density. The few B. lampros that found aphids caught them walking on the soil surface. The relative efficiences of these two carabids as predators of R. padi are discussed, and the results are compared with similar studies elsewhere with predators of Sitobion avenae on winter wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Morimus funereus ; development ; laboratory conditions ; food quality ; temperature ; season
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment,-B = aliment naturel, c'est-à-dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B+C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés-, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B+C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B+C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B+C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B+C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B+C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summerand winter-larvae developed successfully on B+C, while all the winter-larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B+C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early- and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Dolycoris baccarum ; S. Norwegian population ; adult hibernal diapause ; diapause completion ; diapause activation ; diapause induction ; diapause prevention ; photoperiod ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Developmental rates ; temperature ; parasitoid ; mealybug ; Hymenoptera ; Encyrtidae ; Epidinocarsis diversicornis ; Acerophagus coccois ; Homoptera ; Pseudococcidae ; Phenacoccus herreni ; cassava ; yucca
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les vitesses de développement des oeufs et de tous les stades larvaires mâles et femelles de P. herreni Cox & Williams ont été déterminées à 18°, 20°, 22°, 25°, 30° et 35°C. La longévité des adultes mâles et femelles a été déterminée. Les vitesses de développement de la ponte à la formation du cocon et de celleci à l'émergence de E. diversicornis Howard, encyrtide parasite de P. herreni ont été déterminées à 18°, 20°, 25° et 30°C. Il en a été de même pour un second encyrtide parasite A. coccois Smith à 20°, 25° et 30°C. Les équations polynomiales des derniers carrés dérivés et les équations logistiques ont été ajustées pour chaque lot de données (à l'exception de A. coccois) de façon à ce qu'elles aient pu être interpolées pour analyser l'impact de ces parasites sur la dynamique de population de P. herreni. Les résultats de cette analyse sont présentés à part.
    Notes: Abstract Developmental rates for Phenacoccus herreni Cox & Williams were determined at 18°, 20°, 22°, 25°, 30° and 35°C for the egg, all juvenile male and all juvenile female stadia. Longevity was determined for adult females and adult males. Developmental rates for the P. herreni parasitoid Epidinocarsis diversicornis (Howard) were determined at 18°, 20°, 25° and 30°C for the oviposition-to-mummy-formation period and the mummy-formation-to-adult-eclosion period. Developmental rates were determined for the P. herreni parasitoid Acerophagus coccois Smith for the same two life stages at 20°, 25° and 30°C. Least-squares-derived polynomial equations or logistic equations were fitted to each data set (except for A. coccois) so that rates could be interpolated for temperatures between observed points for use in an analysis of the impact of these parasitoids on population dynamics of P. herreni. Results of this analysis are presented separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Glossina pallidipes ; tsetse fly ; laboratory rearing ; temperature ; productivity ; oocyte size ; spermatogenesis ; sperm motility ; incubation of pupae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les productivités de G. pallidipes Austen élevés au laboratoire pendant tout leur cycle à 22, 25 et 28° C, ont été comparées. A 28° C, la vie intrapupale est réduite à environ 23 jours, contre 30 jours environ à 25° C; la survie des adultes est plus brève qu'à 25° C et les mouches ne s'accouplent pas. Les ovaires présentent une rétention d'oeufs et seulement 1/3 des mâles contient des spermatozoïdes mobiles. A 22° C, le cycle est considérablement prolongé, la vie intrapupale durant environ 40 jours. Les femelles s'accouplaient environ 14 jours après l'émergence. Les ovaires présentaient une rétention d'oeufs, bien que moins souvent qu'à 28° C. Les mâles contenaient des spermatozoïdes mobiles. Des expériences avec changements de température à différents moments du cycle ont montré que la stérilité des mâles et des femelles est provoquée par l'incubation de pupes de G. pallidipes à 28° C. La mensuration des ovocytes montre à 28° C un effet nocif sur leur maturation. Des observations sur les testicules dans les pupes révèlent, par comparaison avec 25° C, que l'enroulement des testicules et des spermatozoïdes est retardé à 28° C, tandis que la pigmentation des testicules est retardée à 22° C. Les pupes de G. m. morsitans sont moins affectées à 28° C que celles de G. pallidipes.
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive biology of G. pallidipes Austen was studied at 28°, 25° and 22° C. Experiments showed that incubation of puparia at 28° C resulted in sterility of both males and females. Incubation at 22° C resulted in a reduced fecundity of the females due to egg retention; the fertility of the males was not affected. Comparative studies with G. m. morsitans Westw. showed that G. m. morsitans puparia are less affected by a temperature of 28° C than are G. pallidipes puparia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Lygaeidae ; Lygaeus equestris ; reproductive diapause ; copulation ; photoperiod ; temperature ; diapause regulation ; oviposition ; batch size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé La photopériode, la température et la nourriture sont des facteurs habituellement utilisés comme stimuli induisant la diapause chez des insectes. Cette étude montre que la copulation peut aussi être importante dans la régulation de la diapause reproductive des femelles. Chez. L. equestris L., la fréquence des femelles pondeuses, c'est-à-dire non diapausantes, élevées en jours courts (18L/6D et 30°C), a été significativement plus élevée après isolement avec des mâles actifs au lieu de mâles diapausants. Des femelles, élevées en jours longs (22L/2D et 30°C), ont présenté un léger, mais non significatif, effet de la copulation; elles ont généralement pondu, qu'elles se soient accouplées ou non. Les résultats révèlent trois catégories de femelles: (1) des femelles avec diapause, qu'il y ait ou non copulation, (2) des femelles sans diapause, qu'il y ait ou non copulation, (3) des femelles sans diapause, à condition qu'il y ait copulation. En jours courts, les fréquences des trois catégories ont été respectivement à 0,46; 0,28 et 0,26. En jours longs, respectivement à 0; 0,92 et 0,08. II est possible que les femelles proches de leur seuil d'induction de la diapause-en fonction de la photopériode et de la température-sont les plus aptes à utiliser la copulation comme stimulus additionnel pour induire un développment direct. Cette hypothèse s'appuie sur les proportions de femelles affectées par la copulation en jours longs et courts.
    Notes: Abstract Photoperiod, temperature, food and population density are all factors commonly used as cues for diapause regulation in insects. This study shows that also copulation can be of importance in the regulation of adult female reproductive diapause. In Lygaeus equestris L. the frequency of ovipositing, i.e. non-diapausing, females reared under short day conditions (18L:6D, and 30°C), was significantly higher when they had been isolated with mating than with non-mating (=diapausing) males. Females reared under long day conditions (22L:2D, and 30°C) showed a small but non-significant effect of copulation, and they generally laid eggs whether they were mated or not. The results indicate that, under the conditions in these experiments, three types of females can be distinguished: females (1) diapausing independently of copulation, (2) non-diapausing independently of copulation, and (3) non-diapausing provided copulation has taken place. The proportion of females for which copulation is a determinant of direct development, was estimated at 0.26 under short day conditions, and at 0.08 under long day conditions, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Codling moth ; Cydia pomonella ; diapause ; rearing method ; larval storage ; production ; temperature ; photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article porte sur les aspects principaux de l'élevage et de la production de chenilles diapaussantes de Cydia pomonella L. (Lep. Olethreutidae) pour des travaux de recherche. La diapause a été induite sous obscurité totale ou photophases inférieures à 15 heures. Des chenilles diapausantes ont été conservées en laboratoire jusqu'à deux ans, mais la survie pendant la première année était supérieure. Les conditions recommandées pour l'induction de la diapause sont une photophase de 12 heures, 25°C et 55–65 h.r.
    Notes: Abstract The rearing and production of diapausing codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) [Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae]) larvae for use in research programmes is outlined. Diapause was induced under conditions of complete darkness or under photoperiods of up to 15 h. Diapausing larvae were stored for over 2 years in the laboratory but greatest survival occurred when the storage time was one year or less. The recommended conditions for the induction of diapause are a 12 h photoperiod, 25°C and 55–65% r.h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Arctiidae ; calling behaviour ; light intensity ; photoperiod ; rhythms ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Aux faibles températures le moment moyen de déclenchement de l'appel apparaît plus tôt au cours de la photopériode chez Haploa clymene Brown, Spilosoma virginica Fab., Pareuchaetes insulata Walk., Cycnia tenera Hübn. et Euchaetes egle Drury. La température n'a apparemment pas d'effet sur le moment où l'appel débute chez Pyrrharctica isabella J.E. Smith, S. congrua Walk. et Apantesis nais Drury. L'analyse porte sur les relations entre les températures subies par les adultes de ces espèces et leurs réactions d'appel aux différentes températures. L'apparition de la lumière peut induire le comportement d'appel chez C. tenera, bien que ce ne soit pas indispensable puisqu'il peut éventuellement commencer à des températures plus basses avant l'illumination quand celle-ci est retardée de 4 heures. Les périodes d'appel sont prolongées avec la scotophase chez C. tenera et S. congrua, et même après l'apparition d'une photophase à faible intensité lumineuse (40 lux), l'appel de S. congrua se poursuit, ce qui suggère que les photophases à intensité lumineuse plus élevée (450 lux) inhibent l'appel et ainsi en provoquent la fin.
    Notes: Abstract Mean times of onset for calling in Haploa clymene (Brown), Spilosoma virginica (Fabricius), Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker), Cycnia tenera (Hübner), and Euchaetes egle (Drury) advance to earlier times in the photoperiod at lower temperatures. Temperature has no apparent effect on the calling period in Pyrrharctia isabella (J. E. Smith), Spilosoma congrua Walker, and Apantesis nais (Drury). The relationship between the temperatures experienced by each of these species as adults and the response of their calling rhythms to temperature is discussed. Lights-on can elicit calling behaviour in C. tenera, although it is not an absolute requirement because calling eventually begins when lights-on is delayed 4 h and calling also begins prior to lights-on at lower temperatures. Calling periods lengthen in C. tenera and S. congrua when the scotophase is prolonged and in S. congrua after the onset of a lower photophase light intensity (40 lux), suggesting that a higher photophase light intensity (450 lux) inhibits calling and thus causes its termination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Curculionidae ; Cyrtobagous singularis ; Cyrtobagous salviniae ; Salvinia molesta ; population increase ; survivorship ; fecundity ; fertility ; biological control ; temperature ; nutrition ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux intrinsèques d'accroissement (rm) deC. salviniae du Bresil et deC. singularis de Trinidad, ont été établis au laboratoire à 23°C; 27°C; 31°C, sur des plants deS. molesta riches en azote. Les différences entre les rm des deux espèces provenaient pour l'essentiel de la ponte et de la mortalité préimaginale. Aux 3 températures, les valeurs de rm deC. salviniae (0.210; 0.366; 0.404) étaient supérieures à celles deC. singularis (0.148; 0.140; 0.064). A toutes les températuresC. salviniae a pondu 7 fois plus d'oeufs queC. salviniae; à 31°C, la ponte a été réduite de 45% pour les 2 espèces et été accompagnée d'une diminution des taux d'éclosion. La ponte deC. salvinae était presque continue (92% des semaines avec des oeufs), tandis que celle deC. singularis était intermittent (50% des semaines avec pontes), les interruptions étant en moyenne de 2 semaines. La teneur deS. molesta en azote a affecté la reproduction deC. singularis plus que celle deC. salviniae; un accroissement de 0.1% en poids sec, augmentant les pontes hebdomadaires respectivement de 7% et de 3.6%. Les différences de valeur de rm des 2 espèces sont examinées pour évaluer leurs potentialités comme éléments de la lutte biologique.
    Notes: Abstract The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) ofCyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands from Brazil andC. singularis Hustache from Trinidad W.I., were determined in the laboratory at 23°C, 27°C and 31°C on nitrogen-rich plants of the aquatic weed,Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Variation in oviposition and immature survivorship accounted for most of the differences between species in rm values (exponential growth of a stable-age population in a non-limiting environment). Values for rm were higher forC. salviniae (0.210, 0.366, 0.404) than forC. singularis (0.148, 0.140, 0.064) at the three temperatures respectively. At all temperatures,C. salviniae laid seven times more eggs thanC. singularis while at 31°C oviposition was reduced for both species by 45%, and was accompanied by a reduction in egg hatch. Oviposition byC. salviniae was almost continuous (92% of weeks with some eggs laid) whereas oviposition byC. singularis was intermittent (50% of weeks) with intervals averaging 3 weeks without oviposition. Nitrogen concentration inS. molesta affected reproduction byC. singularis more thanC. salviniae, an increase of 0.1% (dry wt) increasing weekly oviposition by 7.0% and 3.6% respectively. The differences in rm for the two weevil species are discussed in relationship to their potential as biological control agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ilione albiseta ; Pherbellia cinerella ; Diptera ; Sciomyzidae ; larva ; pupa ; temperature ; Lymnaea truncatula ; snails ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'action de la température a été examinée à 14, 17, 20, 23 et 26°C. Les 2 espèces sont prédatrices de L. truncatula, vecteur de la douve du foie en Irlande, où elle provoque à l'àgriculture une perte évaluée à 10 millions de livres par an. Les données recuellies en conditions contrôlées du laboratoire doivent permettre de définir les conditions optimales pour l'élevage continu de ces espèces. Ceci est indispensable pour évaluer, dans la nature leurs potentialités pour la lutte biologique. Ilione albiseta: C'est à 23°C que le développement des larves de premier et second stades sont les plus brefs; la survie du premier stade est totale à toutes les températures constantes examinées. La durée moyenne du 3ème stade décroît de 104 jours à 17°C jusqu'à 27,5 jours à 26°C. Le taux de survie total est plus élevé à 17°C qu'à 26°C. La durée moyenne de la nymphose diminue quand la température croît, et ceci se produit aussi à la température ambiante extérieure. On réduit de moitié la durée du développement de l'éclosion de l'oeuf à l'apparition de l'adulte, entre la nature et le laboratoire, en utilisant respectivement: 23°, 17° et 26°C pour les premier et second stades, le troisième stade, la nymphé. Cela devrait aider à multiplier la souche pour la lutte biologique. Pherbellia cinerella: Avec élévation de la température la durée du développement larvaire diminue, mais aussi le nombre de larves parvenant à la pupaison (100% à 14° et 33,3% à 26°C). La nymphose tendait à être plus brève aux températures les plus élevées.
    Notes: Abstract The duration of larval and pupal stages of two species of predatory flies was investigated at five constant temperatures. Ilione albiseta (Scopoli): Mean duration of first and second instars was shortest at 23°C and there was 100% survival of first instar larvae at all temperatures. Mean third instar larval duration decreased from 104 days at 17°C to 27.5 days at 26°C. Total percentage larval survival was greatest at 17°C and least at 26°C. Mean pupal duration decreased as temperature increased and this occurred also under outdoor conditions. Pherbellia cinerella (Fallén): As temperature increased mean larval duration decreased but the percentage of larvae pupating also decreased (100% at 14°C, 33.3% at 26°C). There was a trend for shorter mean pupal durations at higher temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphids ; greenbug ; Schizaphis graminum ; mating ; oviposition ; eggs ; sterilization ; hatching ; temperature ; photoperiod ; moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache und effektive Methode beschrieben, die Eier von Schizaphis graminum auf Filterpapier zu sammeln, sie nachfolgend zu sterilisieren und unter verschiedenen Temperatur- und Photoperiodebedingungen bis zum Schlüpfen zu inkubieren. Hierbei wurden folgende Resulate erzielt: (a) Inkubation der Eier in vollkommener Dunkelheit bei 16°C führte zu einem Schlupferfolg von 19% nach einer Entwicklungszeit von im Mittel 81 Tagen; (b) Kühlung der Eier bei 6°C während 40 Tagen (vom 10. Tag nach der Eiablage an) erhöhte die Schlupfrate unter ansonsten gleichen Bedingungen auf 45% und reduzierte die Entwicklungszeit auf 71 Tage; (c) durch einen Licht/Dunkel-Rhythmus, dem die Eier nach der 40-tägigen Kühlung ausgesetzt wurden, konnte eine weitere Steigerung der Schlupfrate und eine Verkürzung der Entwicklungszeit erreicht werden.
    Notes: Abstract Techniques are described for the collection of fertile eggs of Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) on filter paper, and for the subsequent sterilization and incubation of the eggs under various temperature and photoperiodic conditions. 19% of the eggs incubated continuously at 16°C in complete darkness hatched in 81 days after deposition. 45% of the eggs chilled at 6°C for 40 days (starting 10 days after deposition) hatched in 71 days if the postchilling incubation at 16°C was completed in darkness. The results indicate a further enhancement in the percentage egg hatch and a reduction in developmental time when the eggs were subjected to a light-dark regime during the post-chilling incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 185-193 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: temperature ; development ; simulation ; phenology ; budmoth ; Zeiraphera canadensis ; Tortricidae ; degree-days
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La diapause des oeufs de Zeiraphera canadensis Mutuura et Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) a été complétée après 15 semaines d'élevage à 0,5°C. A ce stade de leur développement, une température supérieure à 30°C leur est létale. Les relations entre la température et le développement des larves sur l'épinette blanche, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, et des pupes ont été observées au laboratoire. Les temps de développement les plus courts ont été observés à 28°C. Les larves sont tolérantes à la chaleur et se développent à 32 C, une température qui est létale aux pupes. II y a peu de variabilité des taux de développement de tous les stades immatures. Ceci explique le haut degré de synchronie observé au sein de populations de cet insecte. Un modèle simulant la phénologie a été mis au point et calibré pour prédire la fréquence des divers stades du cycle vital sous des conditions de terrain. La processus de calibration a révélé que la température dans le microhabitat des oeufs est très semblable à celle de l'air, mais que les larves, retrouvées sous l'enveloppe des bourgeons, sont exposées à des températures pouvant excéder celle-ci de plusieurs degrés. Pour des fins de planification du synchronisme entre le développement de l'insecte et des programmes de suivi et de lutte, le nombre de degré-jours nécessaires pour atteindre 10% d'éclosion des oeufs ou 75% d'émergence des adultes ont été estimés à partir d'une température seuil de 4,4°C.
    Notes: Abstract Diapause requirements of eggs of Zeiraphera canadensis Mutuura and Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are satisfied by 15 weeks of storage at 0.5°C. Temperatures above 30°C are lethal for this life stage. Temperature-dependent development of larvae fed on white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and of pupae was observed under laboratory conditions. The shortest development times were observed at 28°C. Larvae are tolerant to heat, and developed at 32°C, a lethal temperature for pupae. There was little variation of development rates in all stages of the life cycle, explaining the high degree of phenological synchrony reported in populations of this species. A phenological model was developed and calibrated to simulate the relative abundance of the various immature stages under field conditions. The calibration process suggested that temperature in the microhabitat of eggs may be very close to air temperature, but that temperatures under bud caps where larvae are feeding may rise several degrees above air temperature. For the purposes of planning the timing of survey and control practices, degree-day requirements for 10% egg hatch and 75% adult emergence were estimated based on a 4.4°C threshold temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 12 (1987), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrification ; nitrification inhibitor ; fertilizer N ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The transformations of urea, ammonium sulfate and dicyandiamide (DCD) were studied in an Inceptisol and three Andisols from Costa Rica, considering the influence of temperature and DCD as a nitrification inhibitor. Nitrification was very slow with or without DCD in the strongly acid Inceptisol. A higher urea dose resulting in higher pH was well nitrified without DCD and appreciably retarded by DCD. In Andisols nitrification was retarded as long as a higher DCD level existed. Higher temperatures accelerated the DCD-breakdown and were followed by a quicker nitrification. The decomposition of DCD was slower compared with the Inceptisol. According to these experiments DCD is suitable as a nitrification inhibitor in tropical soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: urea ; ammonium nitrate ; model ; temperature ; rainfall ; grassland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Direct and residual effects of urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) on dry matter (DM) response were measured at a total of 12 application times in early spring over three years. The variation in the direct effect was described by models that included temperature and long-term rainfall for CAN and, additionally, short-term rainfall for urea. The operative temperature was the accumulated mean daily air temperature for combined intervals pre-application and postapplication of N. The effect of rainfall was apparent only when the data were adjusted for temperature. Simulation studies with the models indicated that, although the influence of temperature was dominant, rainfall modified it strongly in terms of the relative efficiencies of the two N sources and the magnitude of response. For instance, the temperature-induced increase in DM response to urea between cold and normal years was 402 kg ha−1 for a specified period, whereas differences between dry and wet years were decreases of 166 and 259 kg ha−1 in the case of urea and CAN, respectively. Short-term rainfall had a positive effect on response to urea. The experimental values varied widely both between and within years. The direct effect of the application of urea at 50 kg N ha−1 varied from 0 to 750 kg DM ha−1, and the residual effect varied from 0 to 1620 kg DM ha−1. The corresponding values for apparent N recovery varied from 0.1 to 45% and from 7 to 68%, respectively. The efficiency of urea was comparable to, and in instances better than, CAN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: 15N balance ; nitrification ; denitrification ; NH3 loss ; flooded soils ; windspeed ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of NH3 volatilization to the total N loss after the application of urea to flooded rice fields was evaluated in a series of experiments at two locations in the Philippines. Urea was applied in three ways: A. Broadcast and surface incorporated before transplanting (BI treatments), or B. Broadcast into the floodwater 14–21 days after transplanting (AT treatments), or C. Broadcast into the floodwater 5–7 days before panicle initiation (PI treatments). Total N loss was determined by using15N balance methods on microplots within fields where NH3 loss was measured concurrently by a direct, nondisturbing technique. The total15N losses in the AT studies at the completion of the NH3 loss measurements at Muñoz and Los Baños accounted for 45 and 60% of the15N applied, respectively. Ammonia volatilization accounted for all of the15N lost in the Muñoz study but only 45% of that lost at Los Baños. In comparison with the AT studies, lower N losses (18–26% of N applied) were obtained in the BI treatments. At Los Baños, NH3 loss again accounted for about half of this N loss. In the PI study at Muñoz, NH3 loss and total N loss accounted for 11 and 13% of the N applied, respectively. Thus, NH3 volatilization appeared to be the only important loss mechanism at Muñoz. In contrast, loss by an alternative mechanism, most probably involving nitrification-denitrification, was of equal importance to NH3 volatilization at Los Baños. Differences in windspeeds, temperatures, and soil properties at the two sites may account for the variation in the relative importance of the two N loss mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 251-266 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Zinc ; controlled-release ; diffusion ; pH ; temperature ; phosphate ; clay ; sand ; moisture content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The emission and movement of zinc from planar arrangements of controlled-release (C.R.) thermoplastic matrix zinc fertilizer formulations was studied in cylindrical diffusion cells packed with a clay or a sand. The influences of a number of soil characteristics known to affect zinc diffusion were also investigated. Zinc emission was initially (over 2 days) very rapid. The rate declined markedly thereafter. Morphologically distinct C.R. zinc formulations released zinc at different rates. Zinc moved appreciably and consistently further in the sand than in the clay. Of the soil characteristics studied, increasing phosphate levels had no effect upon zinc emission or mobility in either soil. Increasing pH in the sand did not affect zinc emission, but decreased zinc mobility. Conversely, in the two soils, increasing temperature stimulated zinc emission, but had little influence on zinc mobility. At higher water contents, zinc release was increased in both soils. However, zinc movement was only increased in the sand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 191-292 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: spinach ; NO3-content ; ionic balance ; plant age ; season of growth ; soil moisture ; soil pH ; Mo-spraying ; light intensity ; temperature ; K-dressing ; P-dressing ; varietal differences ; N-dressing ; plant-available N ; N-form ; NO3: NH4-ratio ; nitrification ; inhibitors ; type of N-carrier ; time of application of N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the NO3-content in spinach were studied indoors, in water-, sand- and soil-culture experiments. In the field, the influences of variations in N-fertilizing practices and in spinach varieties were also tested. High NO3-contents in spinach were found with low light intensities, with low soil-moisture contents, and with high temperatures. NO3-contents increased with increasing K-dressing (less so with KCl than with K2SO4), but decreased with increasing soil pH. In pot experiments, positive results were obtained with sulphur-coated urea, with farmyard manure and with pigmanure slurry. Application of Mo as a spray onto spinach leaves, and variations in P-dressings and in soil P-status were found not to affect the NO3-content in spinach. In pot experiments, NO3-contents decreased with progressing plant age (in autumn less so than in spring). Within spinach plants, NO3-contents were highest in petioles and older leaves. Varietal differences in NO3-contents were observed in a pot- and a field experiment. In pot- and field experiments, partial or complete replacement of NO3-N by NH4-N in general caused the NO3-content in spinach to decrease. However, such a replacement was shown not always to result in lower NO3-contents. Additional factors involved are e.g. the use and effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors, the soil type and the amount of available N. The amount of N added and, in the field, the amount of N available in the soil before sowing, strongly affected the NO3-content in spinach. Under field conditions, nitrogen appeared to be taken up from the top 60 cm of the soil profile. The effects of variations in timing of nitrogen applications were absent in a pot experiment and not consistent in field experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: mosquito pathogen ; growth ; sporulation ; temperature ; pH ; salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The New Zealand strain of Tolypocladium cylindrosporum was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium under varying regimes of growth conditions. The isolate exhibited good tolerances to temperature (4–35 °C), pH (3–10) and salinity (0–7% NaCl). Optimal vegetative growth and sporulation were recorded between a temperature range of 20–30° C, pH of 5–6 and a salinity level of 0–2% NaCl. The North American isolate of the fungus showed similar tolerances, while the European isolate was less tolerant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1989), S. 159-193 
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Brachiopod biogeochemistry ; diagenesis ; secular isotopic variations ; carbon isotopes ; oxygen isotopes ; Sr/Ca ; temperature ; Recent ; Late Paleozoic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Sr/Ca ratios in modern brachiopod shells reflect variations in ambient seawater, whereas their Na contents show no relationship with water depth or habitat. Their Mn and Fe contents are controlled, in part, by leaching of these elements from oxide coatings or the low input/sedimentation rate of detrital material into depositional areas such as Quatsino Sound. For most Carboniferous brachiopods from North America, the Mn and Fe contents are similar to those recorded by their Recent counterparts. The high Mn and Fe contents in the brachiopods from shales suggest several possibilities for these levels. One possibility is the leaching of Mn and Fe from oxide coatings/matrix which was not completely removed in the cleaning process, or the high levels in part reflect unusual depositional conditions (some degree of anoxia) for the local shaly environments. The Sr/Ca ratio of brachiopods and, by inference, complementary seawater, did not vary significantly during the Carboniferous. The Sr/Ca minimum observed in brachiopods of Mississippian age coincides with a dip in the 87Sr/86Sr curve and correlates with the Hercynian orogeny. This is attributed to the cycling of seawater through mid-ocean ridge basalts, and postulated exchange reactions account for variation in the composition of seawater-Ca. The unidirectional trend of heavier δ13C values from the Devonian to the Permian is intricately coupled with the evolution of the terrestrial biomass. In addition to expansion of terrestrial plants, burial of reduced carbon in the form of coal (organic matter) contributed to the observed shift. The start of the Permo-Pennsylvanian glaciation is marked by a negative excursion of the secular carbon trend, which is linked to weathering of reduced carbon and its return to the oceanic reservoir with its oxidized carbon. The oxygen isotope values reflect the unidirectional trend towards higher values of the carbon data with decreasing geologic age. Negative excursions of the trend may be related to extensive weathering of terrestrial and submarine rocks, whereas positive excursions may be related to hydrothermal alteration of submarine rocks and dehydration of oceanic crust during times of active sea-floor spreading. Oxygen-calculated water temperatures of unaltered brachiopod material are unrealistically high for all of the Devonian, and the Chesterian-Meramecian, Desmoinesian-Missourian, and Artinskian Epochs. During these times maximum water temperatures of 42° to 56°C are well above the thermal threshold of protein denaturation. This process, which is lethal to most higher organisms, demands an adjustment in oxygen of -2.5%. for samples older than Missourian, and of -1.250%. for samples spanning the Missourian-Artinskian interval. With these adjustments and salinity considerations made prior to calculations, water temperatures become reasonable for the Late Paleozoic epeiric, tropical seas of North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 124 (1986), S. 445-469 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Shear strength ; temperature ; deformation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Layers of artificial granite gouge have been deformed on saw-cut granite surfaces inclined 30° to the sample axes. Samples were deformed at a constant confining pressure of 250 MPa and temperatures of 22 to 845°C. The velocity dependence of the steady-state coefficient of friction (μss) was determined by comparing sliding strengths at different sliding rates. The results of these measurements are consistent with those reported bySolberg andByerlee (1984) at room temperature andStesky (1975) between 300 and 400°C. Stesky found that the slip-rate dependence of (μss) increased above 400°C. In the present study, however, the velocity dependence of (μss) was nearly independent of temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Middle atmosphere ; temperature ; neutral and ion composition ; turbulent transfer ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using a numerical model for temperature and neutral and ion composition behaviour at middle atmospheric heights, an analysis has been made of the dependence of atmospheric structural parameters on temperature, solar activity, and on turbulent transfer intensity. For mesospheric heights, an inverse dependence of the nitric oxide density on the temperature has been found. It is thus possible to explain experimentally obtained temperature variations over a cyclc of solar activity at mesospheric and lower thermospheric heights. Numerical simulation results indicate that the temperature in the height range ∼75–120 km depends considerably on both the absolute values of turbulent transfer coefficients and their vertical gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 758-759 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Crickets ; corpus allatum activity ; juvenile hormone III ; temperature ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the Mediterranean field cricket,Gryllus bimaculatus, reproduction is controlled by temperature and the corpus allatum (CA) hormone JH III. In CA of females reared at 24°∶12°C(16∶8 h) (high reproduction rate) a first peak in JH III synthesis is reached about 4 days earlier than in those of 20°C females (low reproduction rate). Furthermore, in 20°C animals CA activity is low during the entire oviposition period, whereas at 24°∶12°C high CA activity is found during this period of adult life. The results indicate a stimulation of CA activity and reproduction by thermoperiods around a constant low temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1369-1372 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Collembola ; snow ; activity ; temperature ; barometric pressure changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Temperature is limiting for the snow surface activity ofIsotoma hiemalis: values below a threshold of −2.5° to −3°C are avoided. Changing barometric pressure leads to increased surface activity, thus being responsible for mass appearances. These experiments provide the first evidence for sensitivity to and reaction to barometric pressure changes in insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1179-1182 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Extreme environments ; environmental stress ; temperature ; pH ; radiation ; toxic elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 102-103 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Djungarian hamster ; photoperiod ; temperature ; T3 ; T4 ; testosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of photoperiod, temperature and testosterone treatment on plasma T3 and T4 levels were investigated in the Djungarian hamster. Plasma T3 level was affected by temperature (25°C〈7°C) but not by photoperiod. Plasma T4 level was affected by photoperiod (short day 〈 long day) at 25°C. Administration of testosterone increased plasma T4 level under short photoperiod at 25°C. Thus, higher plasma T4 level under long photoperiod at 25°C might be induced by testosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 705-728 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) ; Mytilus edulis ; alleloenzymes ; enzyme kinetics ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI;D-glucose-6-phosphate ketolisomerase; EC 5.3.1.9) alleloenzymes from the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, were purified to homogeneity. The steady-state kinetic properties of GPI1.00 and GPI.96, which exhibit latitudinal clines in frequency along the Atlantic coast of North America, were determined in both the glycolytic and the gluconeogenic reaction directions at physiological temperatures and pH levels. The two alleloenzymes are catalytically similar at low temperatures (5–10°C), while GPI1.00 diverges to become more efficient at higher physiological temperatures (15–25°C). This pattern of differentiation is consistent with the latitudinal distributions of the alleloenzymes and is due to the greater temperature sensitivities of GPI1.00 V max /K m values of the two alleloenzymes are virtually the same over the physiological range of temperatures. The observed pattern of catalytic differentiation is similar to that seen for interspecific GPI variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 705-728 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) ; Mytilus edulis ; alleloenzymes ; enzyme kinetics ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI;D-glucose-6-phosphate ketolisomerase; EC 5.3.1.9) alleloenzymes from the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, were purified to homogeneity. The steady-state kinetic properties of GPI1.00 and GPI.96, which exhibit latitudinal clines in frequency along the Atlantic coast of North America, were determined in both the glycolytic and the gluconeogenic reaction directions at physiological temperatures and pH levels. The two alleloenzymes are catalytically similar at low temperatures (5–10°C), while GPI1.00 diverges to become more efficient at higher physiological temperatures (15–25°C). This pattern of differentiation is consistent with the latitudinal distributions of the alleloenzymes and is due to the greater temperature sensitivities of GPI1.00 V max /K m values of the two alleloenzymes are virtually the same over the physiological range of temperatures. The observed pattern of catalytic differentiation is similar to that seen for interspecific GPI variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 873-889 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; temperature ; adaptation ; enzyme polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The gene products of the two major alleles of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-F and ADH-S) have been subjected to kinetic and biochemical analyses over a range of temperatures. Although temperature was found to have a significant effect on both kinetic and biochemical properties ofDrosophila ADH, no significant differential effect was observed between the major ADH allozymes. The results are discussed within the context of the selective maintenance ofAdh polymorphism in natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: emigration behavior ; geographic variation ; temperature ; island effect ; genotype and environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract These studies were desgned to detect geographic variation in emigration behavior, at various temperatures, of newly collected wild strains ofDrosophila melanogaster. Natural populations from various geographic regions showed three basic emigration response patterns to temperature: linear, threshold, and optimum-temperature response types. The emigration activity of northern mainland populations increased in the range of 15–20°C, whereas the activity of comparable southern populations increased linearly with increasing temperatures. The northern island populations showed the optimum-temperature response type, and the comparable southern island populations showed all three emigration patterns. In most cases emigration activity on islands was generally reduced compared with that on the adjacent mainland. The northern island populations, however, showed a higher emigration activity at 25°C than the adjacent mainland populations. Here the different sensitivities to temperature seemed to be related to differences in both climatic conditions and insular conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila ; selection ; ethanol ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila melanogaster larvae were subjected to 10 generations of selection on 6% ethanol at 17, 25, and 30°C. For each temperature there was a significant (P〈0.01) increase in the frequency of the Adh isoallele. Controls with no ethanol showed no change in the frequency of the Adh F isoallele. Larvae subjected to stronger selection on 8% ethanol confirmed the results. When adults of various ages were subjected to 16 and 32°C, the ADHF isoenzyme retained its twofold advantage in activity over ADHS regardless of the temperature. The same result was obtained with larvae at 16 and 35°C. Although some effect of temperature was demonstrated, it was concluded that the effect was not strong enough for temperature to be a selective factor under the conditions studied. However, ethanol is a strong selective factor for laboratory populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 287-307 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: macromolecular interactions ; temperature ; electrophoresis ; esterase-5 ; Drosophila pseudoobscura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Esterase-5 is one of the most polymorphic loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Some variants reportedly produce a dimeric enzyme, while a few produce a monomeric form. This paper reports the finding that during electrophoresis ESTERASE-5 exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomers and dimers, an equilibrium that is dependent on the running temperature of the gels. This is shown by a series of analytical electrophoresis experiments in which the apparent molecular weights of several variants are determined at four different temperatures. Increasing temperatures result in a linear decrease in the logarithm of apparent molecular weights. Macromolecular interactions thus are a significant determinant of EST-5 electrophoretic mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 717-728 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: male sterility ; mutant ; proteins ; temperature ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The soluble proteins of the normal and male-sterile stamenless-2 (sl-2/sl-2) mutant of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in different temperatures were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The normal and mutant stamens had some common proteins, but certain proteins were either present or more enriched in one genotype than in the other. The other floral organs of the normal and mutant showed no major differences in proteins, suggesting that the sl-2/sl-2 allele is active primarily in anther development. Normal and mutant stamens grown in high temperatures were enriched in some proteins in comparison to the intermediate temperatures. At low temperatures, the protein pattern of normal and mutant stamens was essentially similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 6 (1986), S. 573-577 
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: temperature ; cholinesterases ; brain capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The activities of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in rat brain capillaries were measured as a function of temperature. Arrhenius plots of the data revealed that AChE exhibits a biphasic Arrhenius plot with a distinct break (transition temperature) at about 15.2 kcal/mol. In contrast, BuChE did not show evidence of discontinuity. BuChE showed an activation energy higher than that of AChE in the physiological range of temperature. These data suggest a lack of lipid-protein interaction in the case of BuChE. Although the possibility exists that BuChE is weakly anchored to the membranes, our results indicate that BuChE is not bound, at least significantly, to cellular membranes in brain capillaries as is ACHE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 100 (1987), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: hepatocyte ; cell volume ; K+ conductance ; temperature ; quinine HCl ; intracellular K+ activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mouse hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture (4 hr) were exposed for 10 min at 37°C to anisosmotic medium of altered NaCl concentration. Hepatocytes maintained constant relative cell volume (experimental volume/control volume) as a function of external medium relative osmolality (control mOsm/experimental mOsm), ranging from 0.8 to 1.5. In contrast, the relative cell volume fit a predicted Boyle-Van't Hoff plot when the experiment was done at 4°C. Mouse liver slices were used for electrophysiologic studies, in which hepatocyte transmembrane potential (V m ) and intracellular K+ activity (a K i ) were recorded continuously by open-tip and liquid ion-exchanger ion-sensitive glass microelectrodes, respectively. Liver slices were superfused with control and then with anisosmotic medium of altered NaCl concentration.V m increased (hyperpolarized) with hypoosmotic medium and decreased (depolarized) with hyperosmotic medium, and ln [10(experimentalV m /controlV m )] was a linear function of relative osmolality (control mOsm/experimental mOsm) in the range 0.8–1.5. Thea K i did not change when medium osmolality was decreased 40–70 mOsm from control of 280 mOsm. Similar hypoosmotic stress in the presence of either 60mm K+ or 1mm quinine HCl or at 27°C resulted in no change inV m compared with a 20-mV increase inV m without the added agents or at 37°C. We conclude that mouse hepatocytes maintain their volume anda K i in response to anisosmotic medium; however,V m behaves as an osmometer under these conditions. Also, increases inV m by hypoosmotic stress were abolished by conditions or agents that inhibit K+ conductance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 69 (1982), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: axon ; hydrostatic pressure ; Na currents ; kinetics ; temperature ; activation volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effects of hydrostatic pressures up to 62 MPa upon the voltage-clamp currents of intact squid giant axons were measured using mineral oil as the pressure transmitting medium. The membrane resistance and capacitance were not appreciably affected over the whole range of pressures explored. The predominant effect of pressure is to slow the overall kinetics of the voltage-clamp currents. Both the early (Na) currents and the delayed (K) ones were slowed down by approximately the same time scale factor, which was in the range of 2 to 3 when pressure was increased from atmospheric to 62 MPa. Finer details of the effects, most evident at moderate depolarizations, are: the apparent initial delay in the turn-on of Na currents is increased by pressureless than is the phase of steepest time variation, and the later decay is slowedmore than is the rising phase. The initial time course of the currents at high pressures can be made to overlap with that at normal pressure by a constant time compression factor, Θm, together with a small, voltage-dependent delay. In a given axon, Θm was fairly independent of voltage, and it increased exponentially with pressure according to an apparent activation volume, ΔV∓, ranging between 32 and 40 cm3/mole. ΔV∓ tended to decrease with increasing temperature. Contrary to what is observed for moderate or large depolarizations, the kinetics of Na inactivation produced by conditioning prepulses of −50 or −60 mV was little affected over the whole range of pressures explored. Inferences about the pressure dependence of the steady-state Na activation were made from the comparison of the plots of early peak currents,I p, versus membrane potential,E. The Na reversal potential,E Na, and the slope of the plots nearE Na did not change significantly with pressure, but the peak Na conductancevs. E relationship was shifted by about +9 mV upon increasing pressure to 62 MPa. Steady-state Na inactivation,h ∞, was slightly affected by pressure. At 62 MPa the midpoint potential of theh ∞ (E) curve,E h, was shifted negatively by about 4 mV, while the slope atE h decreased by about 38%. Under the tentative assumption that pressure directly affects the gating of Na channels, the Na activation data follows a simple Hodgkin-Huxley scheme if the opening of anm gate involves an activation volume of about 58 Å3 and a net volume increase of about 26 Å3. However, a self-consistent description of the totality of the effects of pressure on Na inactivation cannot be obtained within a similar simple context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 103 (1988), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: H+ pump ; K+ channel ; light ; Nitella ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary At membrane potentials different fromE K, the temperature effect on membrane potential ofNitella consists of two components. One of them changes its sign atE K, the other one does not. This leads to the assignment of these components to changes in the K+ channel and in the H+ pump, respectively. It is shown that the fast time constant (3 to 30 sec) of the temperature effect on the H+ pump measured as a change in membrane potential and that of the temperature effect on the K+ channel measured as a change in resistance (having about twice the value of that of the pump) are sensitive to light intensity. Both time constants measured inNitella become smaller if light intensity increases from 0 to 15 Wm−2. This supports the suggestion of Fisahn and Hansen (J. Exp. Bot. 37:440–460, 1986) that temperature acts on plasmalemma transport via photosynthesis via the same mechanism as light does.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: cryptand ; Na+ selectivity ; temperature ; ionizable mobile carrier ; nonactin ; cation transport kinetics ; lipid membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of Na+ and K+ transport across the membrane of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) were determined at two pH's when transport was induced by (221)C10-cryptand (diaza-1,10-decyl-5-pentaoxa-4,7,13,16,21-bicyclo [8.8.5.] tricosane) at various temperatures, and by nonactin at 25°C and (222)C10-cryptand at 20 and 25°C. The rate of Na+ and K+ transport by (221)C10 saturated with the cation and carrier concentrations. Transport was noncooperative and exhibited selectivity for Na+ with respect to K+. The apparent affinity of (221)C10 for Na+ was higher and less pH-dependent than that for K+, and seven times higher than that of (222)C10 for K+ ions (20.5vs. 1.7 kcal·mole−). The efficiency of (221)C10 transport of Na+ was pH-and carrier concentration-dependent, and was similar to that of nonactin; its activation energy was similar to that for (222)C10 transport of K+ (35.5 and 29.7 kcal · mole−1, respectively). The reaction orders in cationn(S) and in carrierm(M), respectively, increased and decreased as the temperature rose, and were both independent of carrier or cation concentrations; in most cases they varied slightly with the pH.n(S) varied with the cation at pH 8.7 and with the carrier for Na+ transport only, whilem(M) always depended on the type of cation and carrier. Results are discussed in terms of the structural, physico-chemical and electrical characteristics of carriers and complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 79 (1984), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: epithelial monolayers ; MDCK cells ; occluding junctions ; intramembrane particles ; electrical resistance ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In previous works it was demonstrated that the monolayer of MDCK cells behaves as a leaky epithelium where the electrical resistance across reflects the sealing capacity of the occluding junction. In the present work we study whether this sealing capacity can be modified by temperature and whether this is accompanied by changes in the structure of the occluding junction. Monolayers were prepared on disks of nylon cloth coated with collagen and mounted as a flat sheet between two Lucite chambers. The changes in resistance elicited by temperature were large (306% between 3 and 37°C), fast (less than 2 sec), and reversible. An Arrhenius plot of conductance versus the inverse of temperature shows a broken curve (between 22 and 31°C), and the activation energies calculated (3.2 and 4.0 kcal·mol−1) fall within the expected values for processes of simple diffusion. The morphology of the occuluding the number of evaluated in freeze-fracture replicas by counting the number of strands and the width of the band occupied by the junction every 133 nm. In spite of the change by 306% of the electrical resistance and the phase transition, we were unable to detect any appreciable modification of the morphology of the occluding junction. Since the freeze-fracture replicas also show a density of intramembrane particles (IMP) different in the apical from that in the basolateral regions of the plasma membrane, as well as differences between faceE and faceP, we also investigated whether this is modified by temperature. Cold increases the population of IMP, but does not affect their polarization with the incubation time it takes to elicit changes in electrical resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 77 (1984), S. 265-275 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: vesicle fusion ; surface energy ; divalent cations ; osmotic pressure gradient ; temperature ; membrane curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles induced by divalent cations, temperature and osmotic pressure gradients across the membrane was studied with respect to variations in vesicle size. Vesicle fusion was followed by two different methods: 1) the Tb/DPA fusion assay, whereby the fluorescent intensity upon mixing of the internal aqueous contents of fused lipid vesicles was monitored, and 2) measurement of the changes in turbidity of the vesicle suspension due to vesicle fusion. It was found that the threshold concentration of divalent cations necessary to induce vesicle fusion depended on the size of vesicles; as the diameter of the vesicle increased, the threshold value increased and the extent of fusion became less. For the osmotic pressure-induced vesicle fusion, the larger the diameter of vesicles, the smaller was the osmotic pressure gradient required to induce membrane fusion. Divalent cations, temperature increase and vesicle membrane expansion by osmotic pressure gradient all resulted in increase in surface energy (tension) of the membrane. The degree of membrane fusion correlated with the corresponding surface energy changes of vesicle membranes due to the above fusion-inducing agents. The increase in surface energy of 9.5 dyn/cm from the reference state corresponded to the threshold point of phosphatidylserine membrane fusion. An attempt was made to explain the factors influencing fusion phenomena on the basis of a single unifying theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 112 (1989), S. 277-289 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: myelinated nerve fiber ; gating current ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Asymmetrical displacement currents and Na currents of single myelinated nerve fibers ofXenopus laevis were studied in the temperature range from 5 to 24°C. The time constant of the on-response atE=4 mV,τ on, was strongly temperature dependent, whereas the amount of displaced charge atE=39 mV, Qon, was only slightly temperature dependent. The mean Q10 forτ on -1 was 2.54, the mean Q10 for Qon was 1.07. The time constant of charge immobilization,τ i , atE=4 mV varied significantly (α=0.001) with temperature. The mean Q10 forτ i -1 was 2.71±0.38. The time constants of immobilization of gating charge and of fast inactivation of Na permeability were similar in the temperature range from 6 to 22°C. The Qoff/Qon ratio forE=4 mV pulses of 0.5 msec duration decreased with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of the time constant of the off-response could not be described by a single Q10 value, since the Q10 depended on the duration of the test pulse. Increasing temperature shifted Qon (E) curves to more negative potentials by 0.51 mVK −1, but shiftedP Na (E) curves andh ∞ (E) curves to more positive potentials by 0.43 and 0.57 mV K−1, respectively.h ∞ (E=−70 mV) increased monotonously with increasing temperature. The present data indicate that considerable entropy changes may occur when the Na channel molecule passes from closed through open to inactivated states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 101 (1988), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: hemolysis ; membrane ; erythrocyte ; pyrexia ; phospholipid ; phase transition ; unilamellar ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Rates of human red blood cell hemolysis were measured as a function of temperature. Three distinct temperature intervals for hemolysis were noted: a) At temperatures equal to or less than 37°C no hemolysis was observed for the duration of the incubation (30 hr). b) For temperatures exceeding 45°C hemolysis rates are rapid and are accompanied by gross changes in cellular morphology. The activation energy for hemolysis is 80 kcal/mole; this value is characteristic of protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation suggesting that these processes contribute to hemolysis at these high temperatures. c) Between 38 and 45°C the energy of activation is 29 kcal/mole, indicating that a fundamentally different process than protein inactivation is responsible for hemolysis at these relatively low temperatures. A mechanism based on the concept of the critical bilayer assembly temperature of cell membranes (N.L. Gershfeld,Biophys. J. 50:457–461, 1986) accounts for hemolysis at these relatively mild temperatures: The unilamellar state of the membrane is stable at 37°C, but is transformed to a multibilayer when the temperature is raised; hemolysis results because formation of the multibilayer requires exposing lipid-free areas of the erythrocyte surface. An analysis of the activation energy for hemolysis is presented that is consistent with the proposed unilamellar-multibilayer transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 98 (1987), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: control ; curve fitting ; I/V curves ; K+ transporter ; Nitella ; lazy state ; reaction-kinetic model ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary InNitella, current-voltage relationships were measured at different temperatures ranging from 5 to 25°C. Sets of theseI/V curves were subject to curve fitting on the basis of a cyclic reaction scheme (Class I model). Different hypotheses of the mode of action of temperature on theI/V curve were tested, including changes in reaction constants in the transport cycle and deactivation of transport molecules. It was found that models assuming an influence of temperature on pairs of rate constants of the transport cycle gave very bad fits. Good fits were obtained with models implying that temperature influences the number of active transporters. The lazy-state model (the exchange of an inactive state with a stateN 3 in the transport cycle is influenced by temperature) gave a slightly better fit than the assumption of an unspecific inactivation (independent of the state of the transport molecule). According to the lazy-state analysis, the inactive state is kinetically closer toN o , the state in which the transport molecule is open to the outside substrate than toN i , the state in which it is open to the inside substrate. The two inactivation models imply that temperature does not act directly on the properties of the plasmamembrane, but that temperature-sensitive metabolic processes in the cell send signals which control the activation and deactivation of the transporter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 9-18 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: micropropagation ; phytohormones ; light ; temperature ; shaking ; axillary buds ; rapid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur raschen Vermehrung von abgetrennten Triebspitzen auf einem keimfreien, flüssigen Nährboden beschrieben. Triebspitzen wurden von Knollen entnommen, die vorher gründlich gewaschen wurden. Die Oberfläche wurde keimfrei gemacht, die Knollen in 2–4 Stücke geschnitten, für 1 Stunde in 100 mg/l Gibberellinsäure getaucht und dann auf Saugpapier gelegt, das von Zeit zu Zeit mit 1,0 mM CaCl2 befeuchtet wurde. Die Triebspitzen wurden herausgeschnitten, wenn sie 15–25 mm lang waren, sterilisiert und der unterste Teil von 2–5 mm weggeschnitten. Als Nährboden wurde derjenige nach Murashige und Skoog (1962) (MS) verwendet, ohne Kaseinhydrolysat. Nährboden und Zvtokinine wurden im Autoklav sterilisiert. Gibberellinsäurelösungen wurden filtersterilisiert. Feste bzw. flüssige Nährböden waren nicht zufriedenstellend, auch nicht bei fortwährendem Schütteln. Wenn die Triebspitzen dagegen in 100 ml-Kolben mit 20 ml Nährboden während 1,5 Stunden pro Tag und 50 U mdrehungen pro Minute während 4 Wochen geschüttelt und dann stationär gehalten wurden, zeigten sie gutes Wachstum, besonders bei Vorhandensein von 0,5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,1 mg/l Gibberellinsäure (Abb. 1). Dagegen zeigten Triebspitzen von 10–15 mm, die von solchen aus Vermehrung auf Nährboden (Subkultur-Triebspitzen) stammten, besseres Waschstum beim Vorkommen von 5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,01 mg/l Gibberellinsäure. Kinetin übertraf 6-γ, γ (Dimethylallylamin) Purin oder 6-Benzylaminpurin (Tabelle 1). Licht hatte deutliche Einflüsse auf das Wachstum. Subkultur-Triebspitzen wuchsen am besten mit ‘Grund’-Belichtung (Lichtintensität: 28 μE m−2s−1) (Abb. 2; Tabelle 2) während der 4 Wochen dauernden Schüttelphase der Inkubation. Während der folgenden stationären Phase war eine hohe Lichtintensität am günstigsten: 120 μE m−2s−1 für eine einmalige Subkultur (Abb. 3), aber 47 μE m−2s−1 für wiederholte Subkulturen (Abb. 4). Die optimale Temperatur während der stationären Phase variierte je nach Sorte. Für Kennebec und Pontiac betrug sie 21/16°C (je 12 Stunden), für Exton war sie 24/19°C (Tabelle 3). Bei der Ernte der Triebspitzen wurden die Kolbeninhalte in eine sterile Petrischale gelegt und die Spitzen ausgeschnitten. Innerhalb 1–2 Wochen entwickelte sich ein zweiter Bestand von Triebspitzen auf den Rückständen in der Petrischale. Diese konnte geerntet werden, und ein dritter und oft auch ein vierter Nachwuchs konnte aus dem gleichen Material erzielt werden. Diese Methode dürfte als rasche Vermehrungstechnik eine eingehende Auswertung verdienen.
    Abstract: Résumé Une méthode est décrite pour obtenir la multiplication rapide d’extrémités de pousses en milieu liquide asceptique. Ces dernières ont été obtenues à partir de tubercules lavés et stérilisés en surface puis coupés en 2 à 4 morceaux. Les fragments ainsi obtenus ont éte trempés pendant une heure dans une solution d’acide gibberellique à 100 mg/l et disposés sur un papier absorbant humidifié occasionnellement avec une solution de CaCl2 à 1 mM. Les extrémités des pousses ont été excisées quand celles-ci ont atteint 15 à 25 mm de long et stérilisées; 2 à 5 mm de la partie basale des pousses ont été éliminés. Le milieu utilisé pour la culture des extrémités de pousses est celui de Murashige et Skoog (1962) sans hydrolysat de caséine (MS). Le milieu de culture et les cytokinines ont été stérilisés à l’autoclave; les solutions d’acide gibberellique ont été filtrées et stérilisées. Les milieux liquides non agités ou solidifiés par de l’agar n’ont pas donné satisfaction, de même que les milieux liquides agités en continu. Lorsque les extrémités de pousses ont été agitées dans des flacons de 100 ml contenant 20 ml de milieu pendant 1 heure et demie par jour, à la cadence de 50 mouvements par minute et durant 4 semaines, une bonne prolifération des pousses a été observée, notamment en présence de 0,5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,1 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique (figure 1). Toutefois, des extrémités de pousses de 10 à 15 mm provenant de pousses multipliées en culture (‘sous culture’) ont montré une meilleure prolifération en présence de 5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,01 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique. La kinétine a été supérieure à la 6γ, γ (dimethylamino) purine ou à la 6 benzylaminopurine (tableau 1). La lumière a eu un effet marqué sur la prolifération des pousses. Le développement des ‘sous-cultures’ s’est avéré meilleur avec un éclairement faible (intensité de 28 μE m−2s−1 (figure 2, tableau 2), durant les 4 semaines en culture agitée de la phase d’incubation. Pendant la phase de culture sans agitation une forte intensité lumineuse a été plus favorable, 120 μE m−2s−1 pour une simple ‘sous-culture’ (figure 3) mais 47 μE m−2s−1 pour des ‘sous-cultures’ répétées (figure 4). La température optimum durant la phase sans agitation variait avec les variétés, pour Kennebec et Pontiac elle était de 21/16°C (12 heures chacune), pour Exton elle était de 24/19°C (tableau 4). Pour le prélèvement des extrémités de pousses, les fragments de tubercules ont été placés dans des boites de Pétri stériles. Après l à 2 semaines, un second développement s’est effectué sur les morceaux non utilisés maintenus dans une boite de Pétri; des extrémités de pousses ont pu être à nouveau récoltées. Un troisième et souvent un quatrième prélèvement ont pu être réalisés sur ce même matériel. Les résultats obtenus méritaient une description détaillée de cette technique rapide de multiplication.
    Notes: Summary Extensive proliferation via axiallary meristems can be induced in potato shoot-tips (15–20mm) cultured in liquid media. Proliferation is greatest when a 4-week period of shake culture for 1 1/2 h per day is followed by stationary culture. The rate of proliferation is influenced by light, temperature and phytohormones. Gibberellic acid and kinetin are essential, but the optimal concentrations are different for initial inocula and for subcultures. Under optimal conditions shoot multiplication rates in excess of 10–25 fold per 8 weeks are obtained, but there are genotypic differences in the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: relative humidity ; temperature ; water pan trap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A mixture of sex pheromone PTM1 (trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-1-ol acetate) and PTM2 (trans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-1-ol acetate) on rubber cap dispensers was used to attract adult male tuber moths to water pan traps. Correlation analysis of daily catches made over a 61-day period showed that temperature and relative humidity accounted for 20.5% and 1.4% respectively of catch variability. Further studies are needed to reveal any major components of the 78% residual variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 30 (1987), S. 9-22 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: sample size ; varietal differentiation ; temperature ; pathotype ; spore concentration ; year ; predisposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit dem Jahre 1967 wird der Scheibentest nach Lapwood (1965) in Gross-Lüsewitz zur Prüfung von Zuchtmaterial angewendet (Abb. 1). Methodische Untersuchungen führten zu Änderungen. Je Zuchtstamm werden zwei Proben à acht Knollen genommen, die in dreiwöchigem Abstand mit zwei verschiedenen Pathotypen geprüft werden. Je Knolle werden zwei Scheiben geschnitten, die zwei verschiedenen Konzentrationen der Suspension zugeordnet sind. Sie werden mittels in Zoosporensuspension getränkter Filterpapierscheiben inokuliert, nach 24 h umgedreht. Die Bewertung der Luftmyzelbildung erfolgt nach fünf (a) und sieben Tagen (b) mit Noten von 9 (keine Symptome) bis 1 (total bewachsen). Auch die Verbräunung wird nach sieben Tagen benotet (c). Nach der Formel 2a+b+c=Bs errechnet sich die Wertzahl Bs. Insgesamt gehen in das Ergebnis eines Prüfungsjahres also 96 Einzelwerte ein. 8 Sorten wurden bei Temperaturen von 13, 17, 19 und 21°C geprüft. Die fünf Pathotypen 0, 1.3, 1.3.4, 1.2.3.4 und 1.2.3.4.7.8.9.10 und deren Gemisch wurden an drei Sorten verglichen. An 96 Proben wurde die Standardabweichung s und Grenzdifferenz GD ermittelt. Siebenjährige Ergebnisse waren von 10 Klonen, zwölfjährige von sechs Sorten verfügbar. Bei 19°C erwiesen sich die Prüflinge am anfälligsten, gleichzeitig war die beste Unterscheidbarkeit gegeben (Abb. 2). Die Wechselwirkungen der Temperatur mit dem Pathotyp und der Sorte sind signifikant. Es sollte bei 18–19°C geprüft werden. Die Wechselwirkung Pathotyp/Sorte war nicht gross, jedoch statistisch gesichert (Abb. 3). Es trat eine Wechselwirkung Pathotyp/Konzentration zutage (Tab. 1). Abbildung 4 zeigt den Einfluss der Sporenkonzentration auf das Resistenzverhalten. Auch die Wechselwirkung Sorte/Konzentration war gesichert. Aus der Berechnung der Standardabweichung ergibt sich nach Bätz et al. (1972) eine Grenzdifferenz von 4,2 (Wertzahl) bzw. 1,7 (Noten) für den Mittelwertvergleich der Sorten (Tab. 2). Zwölfjährige Prüfungsergebnisse werden in Tabelle 3 mitgeteilt, siebenjährige in den Tabellen 4 und 5. Bei geringer Variationsbreite der Jahresmittelwerte schwankten die Sortenwerte von Jahr zu Jahr bis zu sechs Noten, obwohl an einem Beispiel eine gute Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse demonstriert wird. Es wird empfohlen ab E-Stamm je zweimal acht Knollen aus zwei Wiederholungen des Feldanbaus statt bisher nur aus einer zu entnehmen. Die Resistenzeischätzung sollte erst nach dreijähriger Prüfung erfolgen. Zur Selektion sollten möglichst zweijährige Ergebnisse vorliegen.
    Abstract: Résumé Le test sur tranche de pomme de terre de Lapwood (1965) a été utilisé à l'Institut pour la Recherche sur la Pomme de terre de Gross Lüsewitz depuis 1967 (fig. 1), pour apprécier la valeur du matériel génétique. Des études méthodologiques ont conduit à effectuer certaines modifications de ce test. Deux échantillons de huit tubercules chacun sont prélevés dans chaque clône, pour être ensuite testés à trois semaines d'intervalle à l'égard de deux pathotypes différents. Deux tranches prélevées à partir de chaque tubercule, sont testés à deux concentrations différentes de suspension de zoospores. Ces tranches sont inoculées au moyen de disques de papier filtre trempés dans la suspension de zoospores. Les tranches sont retournées 24 heures après inoculation. La formation du mycélium aérien est notée après cinq jours (a) et sept jours (b) d'incubation, selon une échelle allant de 9 (absence de symptômes) à 1 (tranche antièrement recouverte). Le brunissement des tissus fait aussi l'objet d'une notation après 7 jours (c). Le facteur Bs est calculé à l'aide de la formule 2a+b+c=Bs. Ainsi, 96 valeurs individuelles sont rassemblées dans le résultat du test pour une année. Huit variétés ont été testées aux températures de 13, 17, 19 et 21°C. Les cinq pathotypes: 0, 1.3, 1.3.4, 1.2.3.4. et 1.2.3.4.7.8.9.10, ainsi que leur mélange ont été étudiés sur trois variétés de pomme de terre. L'écart type a été établi pour 96 échantillons. Les résultats ont été obtenus pendant une période de sept ans pour 10 clônes et une période de 12 ans pour 6 variétés. Tous les critères étudiés sont très sensibles à 19°C; cette température semble fournir de meilleur pouvoir de discrimination (fig. 2). Les intéractions températures-pathotypes et températures-variétés sont significatives. Les tests devraient être réalisés de préférence à 18–19°C. L'intéraction pathotypes-variétés n'est pas très forte mais demeure significative statistiquement (fig. 3). Une intéraction pathotypes-concentrations est également mise en évidence. La figure 4 montre l'influence de la concentration de spores sur la résistance. L'intéraction variétésconcentration est également significative. A partir du calcul de l'écart type, une différence critique de 4,2 (facteur) ou 1,7 (note moyenne) pour la comparaison des valeurs moyennes des variétés (tableau 2) concorde avec les données de Bätz et al. (1972). Les résultats obtenus sur une période de douze ans sont présentés dans le tableau 3; Les tableaux 4 et 5 fournissent les résultats de 7 années de tests. L'échelle de variation des valeurs moyennes annuelles est petite, mais les valeurs des variétés varient énormément. Jusqu'à 6 points—entre les années—bien que l'on ait pu démontrer une bonne reproductibilité des résultats dans un exemple. Il est recommandé, d'après l'essai avec les clônes de prélever 2 échantillons de 8 tubercules cules chacun à partir de 2 répétitions au champ au lieu d'une seule comme c'était fait de façon pratique auparavant. La résistance pourrait être évaluée après seulement trois années de test. La sélection pourrait être basée sur les résultats de deux années de test.
    Notes: Summary Since 1967, Lapwood's (1965) tuber slice test has been used in a modified form by workers of the Institute of Potato Research Gross Lüsewitz for testing more than 2000 clones a year for resistance to late blight. At a sample size of eight slices per clone differences of ≥1.7 scores can thus be distinguished. The tests are best done at between 18 and 19°C. Both the pathotype and the spore suspension concentration influence the resistance response. Since 1972, two compatible pathotypes and two concentrations have always been used on each clone tested. Seven-and twelve-year test results have shown that variations of up to six scores in the 9-score scheme would occur in the resistance of one clone. It is suggested that clones in main trials (candidate cultivars) should be tested for three years using two randomised replications of 2×8 tubers each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: rooting ; temperature ; daylength ; transplanting ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments were conducted in Vietnam to develop a system whereby detached sprouts from physiologically old green sprouted seed tubers could be used to grow potatoes. Three node segments from the mid or basal portion of the detached sprout produced the greatest percentage of shoots and roots. Growth was best in a medium of equal parts of sub-soil, pig manure and brick kiln ash. Sprout cuttings produced plantlets ready for transplanting in 14–20 days with mean daily temperatures of 22 to 24°C. When transplanted in mid-November, yields from sprout cuttings in field experiments were 10 to 18 t/ha which were 33% lower than from healthy seed tubers but more than the national average yield using degenerated seed tubers. Tubers produced by plants grown from sprout stored well and gave good yields when replanted the following year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 134 (1980), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Daucus ; Petroselinum ; Acer ; rRNA ; transcription ; precursors of less than 2.5 × 106 daltons ; processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Actively dividing cells from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and carrot (Daucus carota) (bothApiaceae) andAcer pseudoplatanus (Aceraceae) were used to detect the primary gene product of the rDNA in plant cells. Parsley and carrot cells were labelled with [32P] orthophosphate. In both cases only one high molecular weight rRNA precursor was present on polyacrylamide gels under non-denaturing conditions. Its molecular weight did not exceed 2.5 × 106 daltons. The component emerged from the heterogenous material after a labelling period of 5–10 min. In parsley cells 45 min after onset of incubation labelled mature rRNA (25S and 18S) arrived in the cytoplasm. InAcer pseudoplatanus (incubation period 60 min) two rapidly labelled components did emerge from polyacrylamide gels; their molecular weights were 2.3 and 3.2− 3.4 × 106 daltons. After electrophoresis under denaturing conditions the larger component was no longer present, thus indicating that it was an aggregate of different RNA molecules. The molecular weights of the rRNA precursors ofD. carota andP. crispum determined after electrophoresis in formamide gels were about 2.1 × 106 daltons. From these results we have no evidence for the existence of rRNA precursors exceeding the molecular weight of 2.5 × 106 daltons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 135 (1980), S. 11-39 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Winteraceae ; Drimys brasiliensis ; Development of inflorescences ; flowers and fruits ; reproductive biology ; pollination ; seed dispersal ; vegetative propagation ; early Angiosperm evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From field observations onDrimys brasiliensis, principally in the Botucatu region of São Paulo State, Brazil, new data on the reproductive biology, the rhythm of growth, and the development of lateral cymose inflorescences, flowers and fruits are presented. Pollination accelerates the rate of flower-development for about 4–6 days. Pollination experiments show thatD. brasiliensis is not self-sterile; because of mechanical devices the sticky pollen grains do not normally come into contact with the stigmata unless an animal pollen vector is involved. The pollinators are diurnalColeoptera, Diptera andThysanoptera which eat from the pollen, lick from the stigmatic exudates and (in case of the flies) probably also from the staminal glands. Fruit- and seedeaters are birds which seem to be the main dispersal agents. Establishment of new individuals normally is through seedlings, but also by vegetative propagation through plagiotropous branches which may root and separate from the mother plant. The morphological, developmental and reproductive aspects inD. brasiliensis are discussed in a wider context, compared with data from otherMagnoliidae, and related to aspects of early Angiosperm evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 73-94 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Brassicaceae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Isoenzyme polymorphism ; population analyses ; geographic variation ; heterozygosity ; breeding system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic variability of natural populations ofCapsella bursapastoris in North- and Middle-Europe has been estimated by means of enzyme assays. Zymograms of 81 populations have been developed. 17 loci could be identified, and 8 of them can be heterozygous. Genetic variability is greater between populations than within. No correlation between actual population sizes and genetic heterogeneity could be detected. Some electromorphs shift their frequencies proportionally to increasing adversity of climatic conditions, some appear to be constant over the whole area, and others are characterized by an apparently irregular variation pattern. Marginal populations comprise a significantly higher proportion of heterozygous plants than central ones. Apart from this clinal variation pattern, a mosaic pattern, strongly related to habitat conditions, was observed: genetic heterogeneity is greater in more intensively disturbed sites. The pattern of genetic variation in natural populations ofCapsella bursa-pastoris is rather highly influenced by the breeding system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 136 (1980), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae (=Gramineae) ; Triticum ; Aegilops ; diploid species ; Starch Gel electrophoresis ; allozymic variation ; phylogenetic relationships ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty enzyme loci were examined in the diploid species ofTriticum andAegilops for allelic variation by starch gel electrophoresis. SectionSitopsis, including the five species,Ae. speltoides, Ae. lingissima, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. bicornis andAe. searsii form a close subgroup withAe. speltoides slightly removed from the others.T. monococcum s. lat., was found to be closest to the species of theSitopsis group.Ae. comosa, Ae. umbellulata andAe. uniaristata form a second subgroup withAe. caudata most closely related to these species.Ae. squarrosa appears almost equally related to all of the species, showing no special affinity for any one species group. Nineteen out of twenty loci examined were polymorphic with a mean of 6.7 alleles per locus. Species could be, for most loci, characterized by the presence of predominant alleles. A conspicious genetic characteristic ofTriticum-Aegilops is the sharing of these predominant alleles between species. Within species variation is characterized by a diffuse distribution of secondary alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Emblingia ; Emblingiaceae ; Sapindaceae ; Dodonaea ; Stylobasidaceae ; Stylobasium ; Gyrostemonaceae ; Anemophily ; entomophily ; autogamy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Emblingia is a short lived fire weed with a highly autogamous breeding system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 47-60 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Ranunculus seguieri ; R. alpestris ; R. traunfellneri ; R. bilobus ; R. crenatus ; Relationship betweenR. seguieri andR. alpestris s. lat.: morphology ; crossing experiments ; chromosome numbers ; karyotypes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and cytological investigations as well as crossing experiments were carried out withRanunculus seguieri Vill. and 4 species of theRanunculus alpestris L. group (R. alpestris L.,R. traunfellneri Hoppe,R. bilobus Bertol.,R. crenatus Waldst. & Kit.). ForR. seguieri andR. alpestris, localities and distribution are given in addition to extensive diagnoses. A key to the species includes morphological characteristics and distribution data forR. traunfellneri, R. bilobus, andR. crenatus. New diagnostic characters are described. Crossing experiments betweenR. seguieri and the species of theR. alpestris group were unsuccessful. All 5 species have a chromosome number of 2n = 16, the record forR. bilobus is new. There is no statistically significant difference between the karyotypes ofR. seguieri andR. alpestris s. str. Nevertheless, according to morphological evidence and crossing experiments,R. seguieri is not closely related to theR. alpestris group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 127-134 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; phenolic compounds ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By means of thin layer chromatography pyrrolizidine alkaloids and phenolic compounds in some members of the familyBoraginaceae, subfamiliesHeliotropioideae andBoraginoideae, were studied. FromOmphalodes verna a main alkaloid was isolated with an isoretronecanol (or stereoisomeric) nucleus. The chemotaxonomical model ofTétényi forBoraginaceae based on fatty acids is generally supported, but relationships betweenHeliotropioideae andCynoglosseae appear to be closer, suggesting parallel developments from common ancesters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 175-188 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Eriocaulaceae ; Eriocaulon setaceum ; Embryology ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eriocaulon setaceum can be characterized by: young microsporangium wall with epidermis, endothecium (with fibrous thickenings), and glandular tapetum (uninucleate cells); pollen grains 3-celled, spiraperturate; embryo sac development according to the Polygonum type and with antipodal cyst; endosperm nuclear; embryo small, with incipient differentiation into cotyledonary and epicotylary loci; seed coat mainly from the inner layers of the integuments; pericarp 2-layered and membranous. Embryologically, theEriocaulaceae are nearer to theXyridaceae than to otherFarinosae. Their elevation to the rank of an order,Eriocaulales, therefore appears justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Hordeum spontaneum ; Allozymes ; microgeographic differentiation ; population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozymic variation in proteins encoded by 22 loci was analyzed electrophoretically in 278 individual plants of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, in four 100 meter transects, in Israel, each equally subdivided into basalt and terra rossa soil types. Significant differentiation according to soil was found in 9 alleles. Our results suggest that allozyme polymorphisms in wild barley are at least partly adaptive, and differentiate by edaphic natural selection rather than by stochastic processes, and/or neutrality of allozymic variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1981), S. 11-45 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Lycopersicon ; Solanum pennellii ; Allozymes ; electrophoresis ; isozymes ; mating systems ; self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation—primarily in 19 genetic loci of seven enzyme systems—was analyzed in accessions from various parts of the geographic range ofSolanum pennellii, which according to all tested biosystematic criteria behaves like a species ofLycopersicon. In comparison with the largely sympatricL. hirsutum andL. pimpinellifolium, this species exhibits the same trends of reduced allogamy and decreased genetic variation toward the north and south margins of its distribution, though to a much lesser degree; it does not exhibit their trends toward smaller flower size in the same peripheral regions. All three species agree to a considerable extent in the ranking of their tested loci in respect to degree of variablility; however, overall polymorphy is highest inS. pennellii. Except for the appearance of self-compatibility at its southernmost margin,S. pennellii is exclusively and rigidly self-incompatible. Alleles are distributed much more uniformly over the range than in the previously mentioned species, marginal and internal endemic mutants being much less abundant. A marked geographic disagreement is evident in regions of high and low variation. These differences in patterns of genetic variability are reconciled in terms of observed differences in mating systems, probable age of distributions, and adaptive strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 259-262 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Bromeliaceae ; Tillandsia subgen.Allardtia ; T. kolbii ; spec. nova ; Flora of Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species ofTillandsia is described and discussed in regard to related species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 263-274 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; Citrus limon ; Style ; canal cells ; canal filling substance ; ultrastructure ; anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the canal cells and the canal filling substance ofCitrus limon have been studied. At maturity the canal cells are very rich in cytoplasm. Their inner tangential walls lining the canal are much thickened and formed by two layers: the outer corresponds to the original wall, the inner is formed by subsequent deposition of abundant materials of different origin. This thickening occurs at the same time as the filling of the stylar canal. Both events are paralleled by considerable dictyosomic activity, the formation of a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the incorporation of small cytoplasmic masses into the cell wall, due to plasmalemma evaginations. — The material in the stylar canal has a heterogeneous ultrastructure aspect and consists of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids; it presumably provides nutrients for the growing pollen tubes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1982), S. 209-227 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Dicotyledons ; Monocotyledons ; DNA reassociation kinetics ; fast repeats ; repetitive DNA ; single copy DNA ; short period interspersion pattern ; slow repeats ; genome evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Angiosperms investigated by DNA/DNA reassociation studies were classified and tested for a taxonomic class- and subclass-specifity in a biometrical fashion. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons differ significantly from each other with respect to a genomic parameter (U/R-ratio;U single copy DNA fraction;R = 1-U fraction of repetitive DNA). This difference is discussed from an evolutionary and molecular point of view.—Intercorrelations between the fraction of fast repeats, slow repeats, and single copy DNA can be detected. The amount of DNA organized in a short period pattern of interspersion is found to depend on the fraction of repetitive and single copy DNA. The number of DNA segments tandemly arranged in a short period pattern is linearly correlated withR/U-values. This correlation allows for a formula suitable for the estimation of the number of active genes in angiosperms. The analytical complexities of repetitive and single copy DNA are linearly correlated with the genome size of higher plants. The ratioU/R depends on the genome size of angiosperms in a hyperbolic fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1982), S. 163-178 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Tulipa subg.Leiostemones ; Giemsa banding ; heterochromatin ; karyosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chromosomes of several cultivatedTulipa species of subg.Leiostemones were examined in conventionally stained and C-banded preparations. The heterochromatin content varied from almost none to 45%. Several chromosome types were recognized with respect to chromosome morphology and heterochromatin distribution, and groups of species with common chromosome characteristics could be identified. These karyological relationships are discussed with respect to the groups formed on the basis of floral and bulb charateristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 1-28 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Systematics ; phylogeny ; cladistic ; phytogeography ; isozyme analyses ; chromosome pairing ; DNA analyses ; relationships ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution and taxonomic relationships in theTriticeae are discussed with the view to highlight aspects of this agronomically important group of plants, which may be of interest to molecular biology. Some of these aspects are addressed in more detail in adjoining papers in which specific genomic loci have been examined at the DNA sequence or isozyme level. Aspects discussed include the systematics and geographic distribution of theTriticeae species, isozyme and chromosome pairing studies on some of the species as well as more recent developments in DNA analyses. A survey of the systematics of theTriticeae indicated that the genomic system ofLöve is probably the most useful starting point for interpreting molecular data even though the system has many problems from a taxonomic point of view. The geographical distribution ofTriticeae species, using both published and unpublished data, suggested that information of this type taken together with the theory of continental drift provides a broad time-span for considering data from DNA sequence studies. The significance, and modes of analyses, of isozyme studies were assessed because they often provide valuable characters in determining relationships between species. The main character underlyingLöve's andDewey's analyses of theTriticeae, namely chromosome pairing, is discussed with particular reference to isozyme studies to show that in some cases, such as species ofHordeum sensu lato, consistent relationships are obtained. Finally, new developments in understanding chromosome structure are considered in relation to the above variables in the taxonomy and evolution of theTriticeae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 65-76 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Secale cereale ; Agropyron cristatum ; 350-family DNA sequences ; R and P genome ; in situ hybridization ; Nor-loci ; 5 S-DNA loci ; relationship ; chromosome pairing ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented that in the R and P genomes (Secale cereale andAgropyron cristatum, respectively) of theTriticeae there exist closely related 350-family DNA sequences in the terminal heterochromatin. This observation is compared to the relationships between these two genomes derived from a comparison of theNor and5 S DNA loci as well as the available data on morphological characters, chromosome pairing, and isozyme studies. It is concluded that the R and P genomes are not closely related and that the common presence of very similar 350-family DNA sequences reflects the parallel amplification of this family of DNA sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 91-104 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Ribosomal DNA spacer regions ; phenetic and molecular relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced from a range of species from the tribeTriticeae. One region, the central spacer, was found to be more divergent in sequence than the other, the 18 S-spacer junction. Both regions contained sequences 20–30 bp long which were more highly conserved than the remainder of the region and their possible significance in rDNA expression is discussed. Phenetic relationships based on the sequence data were generally consistent with the relationships based on other criteria. Species possessing the S, E, J1J2, D, and B genomes clustered together, with the H genome species being the most distinct of those examined. The R, P, and V genome species occupy an intermediate position in the overall pattern of relationships. Some relationships differed in detail from those established by other parameters, for example the position of the N genome species, and explanations for discrepancies of this type are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Balanitaceae ; Balanites aegyptiaca ; Chemosystematics ; quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six flavonoid glycosides: quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside; 3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside, 3-7-diglucoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside of isorhamnetin were extracted and identified from the leaves and branches of Egyptian material ofBalanites aegyptiaca. Only isorhamnetin: 3-rutinoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside were recorded from the fruits of the same plant.—Phytochemical aspects ofBalanites aegyptiaca and some genera ofZygophylaceae s. l. viz.Nitraria, Fagonia, Zygophyllum, Seetzenia andTribulus support its affinities with that family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 143-151 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Arachis hypogaea ; Amphidiploids ; chromosome pairing ; genome ; putative ancestors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome pairing, pollen and pod fertility in hybrids between cultivated tetraploidArachis hypogaea and 15 synthetic amphidiploids from 8 diploid species (7 of the A genome and 1 of the B genome) of sect.Arachis have been utilized for the identification of putative genome donors in the evolution of cultivatedA. hypogaea. These results, in conjunction with evidence from morphological similarities, phytogeographical distribution and some phytochemical features, confirm the segmental amphidiploid origin ofA. hypogaea. A. batizocoi andA. duranensis are suggested as the donors of the B genome and the A genome respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Helleborus viridis subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis ; H. odorus subsp.laxus. ; Range of distribution ; taxonomy ; Flora of Northern Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxon commonly namedHelleborus viridis in Lombardy (NW. Italy) differs from both, subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis, and is shown to fall within the variation range ofH. odorus subsp.laxus which has been reported so far for NE. Italy only. TrueH. viridis within Italy grows only in the Maritime Alps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Euphorbiaceae ; Euphorbia ; Chamaesyce ; Latex starch grains ; phylogenetic and taxonomic implications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Latex starch grains of certain Indian species ofEuphorbiaceae belonging toEuphorbia, Chamaesyce, Pedilanthus, Synadenium andMonadenium have been studied. They exhibit distinct shapes in different taxa, i.e., rod, spindle, osteoid, dumb-bell and discoid. This helps i.a. in the taxonomic circumscription ofChamaesyce fromEuphorbia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 35-47 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Adaptation ; germination behaviour in natural populations ; seed dormancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination behaviour of variousCapsella bursa-pastoris populations collected from Scandinavia, Middle Europe and the Alps, was tested in unheated, non-illuminated greenhouses (46 populations) and in growth chambers using 5–7 alternating temperature regimes (16 populations). For all populations, the influence of temperature on germination rate is straightforward: the higher the temperature, the greater the germination. Germination capacity, however, may depend on the geographical region. There is also a strong seed age effect on both, rate and capacity of germination. Once dormancy was broken, seeds from all populations were able to germinate over the entire range of temperatures. Some populations revealed a more or less pronounced temperature optimum for germination capacity, others germinated equally well over the entire temperature range. This indicates genetic heterogeneity between populations. However, no correlation between germinability and any environmental pattern was detected. The data indicate thatCapsella bursa-pastoris has adopted a germination strategy which includes a broad temperature tolerance. Germination of wildCapsella plants seems to be regulated by the factors contributing to the inception and breaking of dormancy which depend on pre- and postharvest conditions. Adaptation in germination behaviour inCapsella bursa-pastoris is different from that in other life history traits (flowering behaviour, growth form parameters).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Fagonia sinaica ; F. cretica ; F. tenuifolia ; Flavonoids ; chemosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight flavonol glycosides were detected in the three species of theFagonia sinaica complex. They were fully characterized as the 3-glucosides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, 3-rutinoside of quercetin and 3,7-diglucoside of quercetin and isorhamnetin. Two additional glycosides were partially characterized as a kaempferol 3,7-diglycoside and quercetin 3-diglycoside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 213-229 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fagaceae ; Cuticles ; Recent ; Tertiary ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A systematic reassessment of megafossil records ofFagaceae in Central Europe has been undertaken on the basis of leaf cuticular characters. The oldest representatives date back to the Eocene:Quercus subhercynica spec. nova,Dryophyllum furcinerve (Rossm.)Schmalh.,Trigonobalanopsis rhamnoides (Rossm.) gen. & comb. nov. In the Oligocene other members of extant genera appear:Quercus rhenana (Weyl. & Kilpp.)Knobloch & Kvaček,Fagus attenuata Goepp.,Lithocarpus saxonicus spec. nova. In the Neogene these ancient taxa (except inFagus lineage), are gradually replaced by deciduous species ofQuercus andCastanea. Trigonobalanus andCastanopsis are recorded by fruits (or wood) only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 165-191 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Chloranthaceae ; Platanaceae ; Trochodendrales ; Fagaceae ; Cercidiphyllum ; Paleobotany ; phylogeny ; floral structure ; leaf architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Paleobotanical studies indicate that several isolated and systematically depauperate groups of extant woody dicotyledons originated in the Mid Cretaceous. TheChloranthaceae had probably differentiated into insect-pollinated (Chloranthus andSarcandra) and wind-pollinated (Ascarina andHedyosmum) forms by the end of the Albian, and leaves referable to theTrochodendrales are known from the Albian and Cenomanian. In the latest Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, extinct representatives of theTrochodendrales includedNordenskioldia and theJoffrea-Nyssidium complex. ThePlatanaceae also differentiated before the end of the Albian and initially had insect-pollinated, unisexual flowers with five carpels or stamens. Some of these features persisted in the platanoid lineage until the Early Tertiary, and during the Paleocene and Eocene thePlatanaceae included forms with elliptical, palmate and pinnate foliage. The history of thePlatanaceae suggests that several features of the reproductive morphology of extant taxa may have arisen in association with a trend toward wind pollination. In the Mid Cretaceous, platanoid foliage partially intergrades with pinnateSapindopsis and pedateDebeya-Dewalquea leaves suggesting a close relationship betweenPlatanaceae andRosidae andFagaceae respectively. TheChloranthaceae, Trochodendrales, andPlatanaceae all occupy a somewhat intermediate position between theMagnoliidae andHamamelidae and are of considerable interest with respect to their role in the initial radiation of nonmagnoliid (“higher”) dicotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 193-211 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Hamamelididae ; Trochodendrales ; Hamamelidales ; Hamamelidaceae ; Hamamelideae ; fossilHamamelidaceae ; Floral structure ; fruit ; seed ; valvate anther dehiscence ; Floral evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract New investigations on the flower and fruit structure of extantHamamelidaceae and other LowerHamamelididae together with new finds of fossil flowers and seeds from the Upper and Lower Cretaceous provide the outline of an increasingly more differentiated picture of the early evolution of the subclass. Three patterns of valvate anther dehiscence are recognized in the subfamilyHamamelidoideae (and the subclassHamamelididae). The basic (plesiomorphic) type within theHamamelididae has 2 valves per theca. The type with 1 valve but 2 pollen sacs per theca is both consistent and exclusive for the 5 southern genera of theHamamelidaceae. They seem to be the remnants of a homogeneous group that originated before the Upper Cretaceous. This is supported by fossil hamamelidaceous flowers from the Upper Cretaceous that have thecae with 1 valve. Since several-seededHamamelidaceae predate one-seeded forms in the fossil seed record (in Europe) and the systematic structure of the one-seeded group is relatively more homogeneous, several-seeded groups are considered to be more ancient. Several parallel evolutionary trends are recognized within theHamamelidaceae as well as within the LowerHamamelididae: anther dehiscence with 2 valves per theca → 1 slit or 1 valve; pollen sacs per theca 2 → 1; pollen tricolpate → polyforate; exine coarsely reticulate → finely reticulate; loss of perianth (tepals or petals and sepals) and concomitant loss of fixed number of floral organs; differentiation of exposed nectaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 231-250 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Juglandaceae ; Paleobotany ; pollen ; fruits ; evolution ; Cretaceous ; Tertiary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major radiation of theJuglandaceae occurred during the early Tertiary as recorded by the proliferation of juglandaceous pollen and the appearance of fruits representing extinct and extant genera of the family. Juglandaceous pollen types of the Paleocene were predominantly triporate and exhibited a greater diversity in patterns of exinous thinning than occurs in the family today. Analyses of in situ pollen from early Tertiary juglandaceous inflorescences confirms the taxonomic value of certain patterns of exinous thinning. Data from co-occurring fruits and pollen indicate that relatively unspecialized, isopolar triporate pollen of the type presently confined to the tribeEngelhardieae also occurred in other tribes of the family during the Paleocene. Pollination has been mostly anemophilous throughout the Tertiary. Both wind and animal fruit-dispersal syndromes were established early in the radiation of the family but a greater diversity of wind-dispersed genera has prevailed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 251-265 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; Phylogeny ; fructifications ; morphology ; anatomy ; paleogeography ; Cretaceous ; Tertiary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative analysis of the seed morphology and anatomy of fossil and extantRutaceae (mainlyZanthoxyleae andToddalioideae) is presented. This allows to place the most important fossil taxa in a time-table and on paleogeographical maps. A phylogenetic scheme demonstrates the postulated historical relationships ofEvodia, Zanthoxylum, Fagara, Rutaspermum, Acronychia, Toddalia, Fagaropsis, andPhellodendron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 162 (1989), S. 267-283 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Buxaceae ; Buxus ; Pollen morphology ; leaf venation ; fossil records ; systematics ; evolution ; chorogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Trends of pollen grain aperture evolution and exine characters as well as characters of leaf venation, petiole and axial vascularization are briefly described and related to geographical distribution and classification ofBuxus. A review of fossil records is given. Three major taxonomic groups can be delimitated within the genus, and aspects of their relationships and chorogenesis are presented. The level of differentiation, the pattern of distribution and the fossil record speak in favour of an ancient origin of the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 165 (1989), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Eucalyptus ; Eudesmieae ; Floral morphology ; calyx ; corolla ; operculum ; growth ; allometry ; convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In theEudesmieae B eucalypts and inEucalyptus caesia, the perianth of the mature flower consists of a single, anatomically continuous, opercular structure that is crowned by the tips of the original free and separate calycine and corolline whorls. Ontogenetic and comparative evidence supports the hypothesis that this operculum is mostly corolline in composition, and that the calycine parts have been elevated distally onto the dorsal surface. In theEudesmieae B eucalypts this condition appears to be due to precocious initiation of the corolline primordia, followed by expansion and continuity of their growth centres which incorporates the areas at or below the base of the still differentiating calycine whorl. InEucalyptus caesia the corolline primordia are not precocious, but a similar situation is effected by a seemingly retarded increase in receptacle diameter relative to lateral expansion of the corolline growth centre(s). In these two examples the same final perianth form apparently derives from two different sets of growth processes which, nonetheless, result in the same allometric relationships within the developing flower. Although identical at maturity, the operculum form in these two taxa is best described in terms of convergence, rather than homology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...