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Paleobotanical evidence on the early radiation of nonmagnoliid dicotyledons

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Abstract

Paleobotanical studies indicate that several isolated and systematically depauperate groups of extant woody dicotyledons originated in the Mid Cretaceous. TheChloranthaceae had probably differentiated into insect-pollinated (Chloranthus andSarcandra) and wind-pollinated (Ascarina andHedyosmum) forms by the end of the Albian, and leaves referable to theTrochodendrales are known from the Albian and Cenomanian. In the latest Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, extinct representatives of theTrochodendrales includedNordenskioldia and theJoffrea-Nyssidium complex. ThePlatanaceae also differentiated before the end of the Albian and initially had insect-pollinated, unisexual flowers with five carpels or stamens. Some of these features persisted in the platanoid lineage until the Early Tertiary, and during the Paleocene and Eocene thePlatanaceae included forms with elliptical, palmate and pinnate foliage. The history of thePlatanaceae suggests that several features of the reproductive morphology of extant taxa may have arisen in association with a trend toward wind pollination. In the Mid Cretaceous, platanoid foliage partially intergrades with pinnateSapindopsis and pedateDebeya-Dewalquea leaves suggesting a close relationship betweenPlatanaceae andRosidae andFagaceae respectively. TheChloranthaceae, Trochodendrales, andPlatanaceae all occupy a somewhat intermediate position between theMagnoliidae andHamamelidae and are of considerable interest with respect to their role in the initial radiation of nonmagnoliid (“higher”) dicotyledons.

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    Peter R. Crane

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Crane, P.R. Paleobotanical evidence on the early radiation of nonmagnoliid dicotyledons. Pl Syst Evol 162, 165–191 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936916

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