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  • *Ecosystem
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (408)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (241)
  • 2010-2014  (614)
  • 1995-1999  (35)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (408)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (241)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Tick population trends and forest type (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ginsberg, H S -- Hyland, D E -- Hu, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Ixodes/*physiology ; New York ; Nymph/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Rhode Island ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Brazil wants cut of its biological bounty (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Brazil ; *Ecosystem ; Ownership/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Test tube evolution catches time in a bottle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Appenzeller, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2108-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Maltose/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/*genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, E -- Burger, J -- Field, C B -- Norgaard, R B -- Policansky, D -- ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government ; Ownership ; Private Sector ; Privatization ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Social Responsibility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The evolution of species interactions (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Interactions between species are as evolutionarily malleable as the species themselves and have played a central role in the diversification and organization of life. This malleability creates complex geographic mosaics in interspecific interactions that can evolve rapidly over decades, blurring the distinction between evolutionary time and ecological time and making the study of coevolution crucial for human health and welfare.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2116-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Botany and Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. jnt@wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Parasites/pathogenicity ; *Selection, Genetic ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The future of the fossil record (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: The fossil record provides a powerful basis for analyzing the controlling factors and impact of biological evolution over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales and in the context of an evolving Earth. An increasingly interdisciplinary paleontology has begun to formulate the next generation of questions, drawing on a wealth of new data, and on methodological advances ranging from high-resolution geochronology to simulation of morphological evolution. Key issues related to evolutionary biology include the biotic and physical factors that govern biodiversity dynamics, the developmental and ecological basis for the nonrandom introduction of evolutionary innovations in time and space, rules of biotic response to environmental perturbations, and the dynamic feedbacks between life and the Earth's surface processes. The sensitivity of evolutionary processes to rates, magnitudes, and spatial scales of change in the physical and biotic environment will be important in all these areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2114-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago 5734 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637, USA. djablons@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Stability and variability in competitive communities (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Long-term variability in the abundance of populations depends on the sensitivity of species to environmental fluctuations and the amplification of environmental fluctuations by interactions among species. Although competitive interactions and species number may have diverse effects on variability measured at the individual species level, a combination of theoretical analyses shows that these factors have no effect on variability measured at the community level. Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, A R -- Gross, K -- Klug, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Energetics of amino acid synthesis in hydrothermal ecosystems (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Thermodynamic calculations showed that the autotrophic synthesis of all 20 protein-forming amino acids was energetically favored in hot (100 degrees C), moderately reduced, submarine hydrothermal solutions relative to the synthesis in cold (18 degrees C), oxidized, surface seawater. The net synthesis reactions of 11 amino acids were exergonic in the hydrothermal solution, but all were endergonic in surface seawater. The synthesis of the requisite amino acids of nine thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins in a 100 degreesC hydrothermal solution yielded between 600 and 8000 kilojoules per mole of protein, which is energy that is available to drive the intracellular synthesis of enzymes and other biopolymers in hyperthermophiles thriving in these ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amend, J P -- Shock, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Group Exploring Organic Processes in Geochemistry (GEOPIG), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*biosynthesis ; Archaea/*metabolism ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Hot Temperature ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Seawater/microbiology ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Bioprospecting in an African context (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makhubu, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):41-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9786792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Biotechnology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Ethnobotany ; Genetic Engineering ; Intellectual Property ; Ownership ; Phytotherapy ; *Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Recovering Seveso (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garagna, S -- Rubini, P G -- Redi, C A -- Zuccotti, M -- Meriggi, A -- Fanelli, R -- Facchetti, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1268-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity ; Female ; Italy ; Male ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Bioresources and "biopiracy" in Brazil (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silva, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Ecosystem ; Legislation as Topic ; Ownership/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Populations as "species-in-waiting"? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2031-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics, Population ; Mathematics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    OECD to set up global facility on biodiversity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redfearn, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):22-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computational Biology/economics ; *Databases, Factual/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Financing, Government ; International Cooperation ; Software ; Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Ecology returns to speciation studies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/genetics/physiology ; Geography ; Lizards/genetics/physiology ; *Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Population diversity: its extent and extinction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-24
    Description: Genetically distinct populations are an important component of biodiversity. This work estimates the number of populations per area of a sample of species from literature on population differentiation and the average range area of a species from a sample of distribution maps. This yields an estimate of about 220 populations per species, or 1.1 to 6.6 billion populations globally. Assuming that population extinction is a linear function of habitat loss, approximately 1800 populations per hour (16 million annually) are being destroyed in tropical forests alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, J B -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):689-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics, Population ; Mathematics ; Plants ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Biospherian viewpoints (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dempster, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9064774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; Atmosphere ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Chain reactions linking acorns to gypsy moth outbreaks and Lyme disease risk (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: In eastern U.S. oak forests, defoliation by gypsy moths and the risk of Lyme disease are determined by interactions among acorns, white-footed mice, moths, deer, and ticks. Experimental removal of mice, which eat moth pupae, demonstrated that moth outbreaks are caused by reductions in mouse density that occur when there are no acorns. Experimental acorn addition increased mouse density. Acorn addition also increased densities of black-legged ticks, evidently by attracting deer, which are key tick hosts. Mice are primarily responsible for infecting ticks with the Lyme disease agent. The results have important implications for predicting and managing forest health and human health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, C G -- Ostfeld, R S -- Richard, M P -- Schauber, E M -- Wolff, J O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecosystem Studies (IES), Post Office Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA. clivegjones@compuserve.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/growth & development/microbiology/physiology ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; *Disease Reservoirs ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Humans ; Ixodes/growth & development/microbiology/*physiology ; Larva/microbiology/physiology ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology/transmission ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Moths/*physiology ; Peromyscus/microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Pupa/physiology ; Risk Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Biotic transitions in global marine diversity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-26
    Description: Long-term transitions in the composition of Earth's marine biota during the Phanerozoic have historically been explained in two different ways. One view is that they were mediated through biotic interactions among organisms played out over geologic time. The other is that mass extinctions transcended any such interactions and governed diversity over the long term by resetting the relative diversities of higher taxa. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that macroevolutionary processes effecting biotic transitions during background times were not fundamentally different from those operating during mass extinctions. Physical perturbations at many geographic scales combined to produce the long-term trajectory of Phanerozoic diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1157-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA. arnold.miller@uc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9716540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Marine Biology/*classification/statistics & numerical data ; Paleontology/*classification/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Of mice and moths--and Lyme disease? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):984-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9490486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology/physiology ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Ecosystem ; Ixodes/microbiology/*physiology ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology/transmission ; Moths/*physiology ; New York/epidemiology ; Peromyscus/parasitology/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Pupa/physiology ; Risk Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Lyme disease and the passenger pigeon? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blockstein, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1831,1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Columbidae ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology ; Peromyscus ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Extinction and the loss of evolutionary history (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-24
    Description: Extinction episodes, such as the anthropogenic one currently under way, result in a pruned tree of life. But what fraction of the underlying evolutionary history survives when k of n species in a taxon are lost? This is relevant both to how species loss has translated into a loss of evolutionary history and to assigning conservation priorities. Here it is shown that approximately 80 percent of the underlying tree of life can survive even when approximately 95 percent of species are lost, and that algorithms that maximize the amount of evolutionary history preserved are not much better than choosing the survivors at random. Given the political, economic, and social realities constraining conservation biology, these findings may be helpful.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nee, S -- May, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. sean.nee@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biospherian viewpoints (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1248-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9064775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Life at the freezing point (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Psenner, R -- Sattler, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology and Limnology, Innsbruck University, Austria. roland.psenner@uibk.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Exobiology ; Freezing ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Ice ; Jupiter ; Mars ; Origin of Life ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Botanical gardens cope with bioprospecting loophole (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dove, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Products ; *Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Guidelines as Topic ; International Cooperation ; Ownership ; *Plants ; Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Decoupled temporal patterns of evolution and ecology in two post-Paleozoic clades (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: Counts of taxonomic diversity are the prevailing standards for documenting large-scale patterns of evolution in the fossil record. However, the secular pattern of relative ecological importance between the bryozoan clades Cyclostomata and Cheilostomata is not reflected fully in compilations of generic diversity or within-fauna species richness, and the delayed ecological recovery of the Cheilostomata after the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is missed entirely. These observations demonstrate that evolutionary success and ecological dominance can be decoupled and profoundly different, even over tens of millions of years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinney, F K -- Lidgard, S -- Sepkoski, J J Jr -- Taylor, P D -- DEB 9306729/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):807-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608-2067, USA. mckinneyfk@appstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryozoa/*classification/physiology ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Marine Biology ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A full accounting (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):985-6. doi: 10.1038/465985b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disasters/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Federal Government ; Industry/*economics ; Insurance/economics/*trends/utilization ; Petroleum/*adverse effects ; Risk ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    River chief resigns (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pincock, Stephen -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):744. doi: 10.1038/468744a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Australia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Environmental Policy ; *Leadership ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Water Supply/analysis/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Organic-walled microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic deposits (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-09
    Description: Although the notion of an early origin and diversification of life on Earth during the Archaean eon has received increasing support in geochemical, sedimentological and palaeontological evidence, ambiguities and controversies persist regarding the biogenicity and syngeneity of the record older than Late Archaean. Non-biological processes are known to produce morphologies similar to some microfossils, and hydrothermal fluids have the potential to produce abiotic organic compounds with depleted carbon isotope values, making it difficult to establish unambiguous traces of life. Here we report the discovery of a population of large (up to about 300 mum in diameter) carbonaceous spheroidal microstructures in Mesoarchaean shales and siltstones of the Moodies Group, South Africa, the Earth's oldest siliciclastic alluvial to tidal-estuarine deposits. These microstructures are interpreted as organic-walled microfossils on the basis of petrographic and geochemical evidence for their endogenicity and syngeneity, their carbonaceous composition, cellular morphology and ultrastructure, occurrence in populations, taphonomic features of soft wall deformation, and the geological context plausible for life, as well as a lack of abiotic explanation falsifying a biological origin. These are the oldest and largest Archaean organic-walled spheroidal microfossils reported so far. Our observations suggest that relatively large microorganisms cohabited with earlier reported benthic microbial mats in the photic zone of marginal marine siliciclastic environments 3.2 billion years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Javaux, Emmanuelle J -- Marshall, Craig P -- Bekker, Andrey -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):934-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08793. Epub 2010 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Liege, 17 allee du 6 Aout B18, Liege 4000, Belgium. ej.javaux@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acids ; Bacteria/chemistry/cytology/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Carbon/analysis/chemistry ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells/chemistry/cytology ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; History, Ancient ; Oceans and Seas ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis/chemistry ; *Phylogeny ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater/*microbiology ; South Africa ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Sunlight
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: Soil respiration, R(S), the flux of microbially and plant-respired carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from the soil surface to the atmosphere, is the second-largest terrestrial carbon flux. However, the dynamics of R(S) are not well understood and the global flux remains poorly constrained. Ecosystem warming experiments, modelling analyses and fundamental biokinetics all suggest that R(S) should change with climate. This has been difficult to confirm observationally because of the high spatial variability of R(S), inaccessibility of the soil medium and the inability of remote-sensing instruments to measure R(S) on large scales. Despite these constraints, it may be possible to discern climate-driven changes in regional or global R(S) values in the extant four-decade record of R(S) chamber measurements. Here we construct a database of worldwide R(S) observations matched with high-resolution historical climate data and find a previously unknown temporal trend in the R(S) record after accounting for mean annual climate, leaf area, nitrogen deposition and changes in CO(2) measurement technique. We find that the air temperature anomaly (the deviation from the 1961-1990 mean) is significantly and positively correlated with changes in R(S). We estimate that the global R(S) in 2008 (that is, the flux integrated over the Earth's land surface over 2008) was 98 +/- 12 Pg C and that it increased by 0.1 Pg C yr(-1) between 1989 and 2008, implying a global R(S) response to air temperature (Q(10)) of 1.5. An increasing global R(S) value does not necessarily constitute a positive feedback to the atmosphere, as it could be driven by higher carbon inputs to soil rather than by mobilization of stored older carbon. The available data are, however, consistent with an acceleration of the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to global climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bond-Lamberty, Ben -- Thomson, Allison -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):579-82. doi: 10.1038/nature08930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. bondlamberty@pnl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Soil/*analysis ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Changing climate threatens tropical rainforests too (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chong, Kwek Yan -- Yeo, Chow Khoon -- Koon Yee, Alex Thiam -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):420. doi: 10.1038/465420b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; Rain ; Trees/classification/*growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental science: new life for the Dead Sea? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glausiusz, Josie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1118-20. doi: 10.1038/4641118a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*analysis/chemistry/microbiology ; Indian Ocean ; International Cooperation ; Middle East ; Salinity ; Volatilization ; *Water Supply/analysis/economics/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: The evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction has puzzled biologists for decades. Although this field is rich in hypotheses, experimental evidence is scarce. Some important experiments have demonstrated differences in evolutionary rates between sexual and asexual populations; other experiments have documented evolutionary changes in phenomena related to genetic mixing, such as recombination and selfing. However, direct experiments of the evolution of sex within populations are extremely rare (but see ref. 12). Here we use the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, which is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, to test recent theory predicting that there is more opportunity for sex to evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Replicated experimental populations of rotifers were maintained in homogeneous environments, composed of either high- or low-quality food habitats, or in heterogeneous environments that consisted of a mix of the two habitats. For populations maintained in either type of homogeneous environment, the rate of sex evolves rapidly towards zero. In contrast, higher rates of sex evolve in populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments. The data indicate that the higher level of sex observed under heterogeneity is not due to sex being less costly or selection against sex being less efficient; rather sex is sufficiently advantageous in heterogeneous environments to overwhelm its inherent costs. Counter to some alternative theories for the evolution of sex, there is no evidence that genetic drift plays any part in the evolution of sex in these populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becks, Lutz -- Agrawal, Aneil F -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):89-92. doi: 10.1038/nature09449. Epub 2010 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. lutz.becks@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Diet/veterinary ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Food ; Genetic Drift ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Ovum/physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction/physiology ; Reproduction, Asexual/physiology ; Rotifera/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex
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    Teams set for first taste of Antarctic lakes (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):472-3. doi: 10.1038/464472b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water/analysis/microbiology ; Ice Cover
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    The trophic fingerprint of marine fisheries (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Description: Biodiversity indicators provide a vital window on the state of the planet, guiding policy development and management. The most widely adopted marine indicator is mean trophic level (MTL) from catches, intended to detect shifts from high-trophic-level predators to low-trophic-level invertebrates and plankton-feeders. This indicator underpins reported trends in human impacts, declining when predators collapse ("fishing down marine food webs") and when low-trophic-level fisheries expand ("fishing through marine food webs"). The assumption is that catch MTL measures changes in ecosystem MTL and biodiversity. Here we combine model predictions with global assessments of MTL from catches, trawl surveys and fisheries stock assessments and find that catch MTL does not reliably predict changes in marine ecosystems. Instead, catch MTL trends often diverge from ecosystem MTL trends obtained from surveys and assessments. In contrast to previous findings of rapid declines in catch MTL, we observe recent increases in catch, survey and assessment MTL. However, catches from most trophic levels are rising, which can intensify fishery collapses even when MTL trends are stable or increasing. To detect fishing impacts on marine biodiversity, we recommend greater efforts to measure true abundance trends for marine species, especially those most vulnerable to fishing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branch, Trevor A -- Watson, Reg -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Jennings, Simon -- McGilliard, Carey R -- Pablico, Grace T -- Ricard, Daniel -- Tracey, Sean R -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):431-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5020, USA. tbranch@uw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes/metabolism ; Food Chain ; Human Activities ; Invertebrates/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Plankton/metabolism
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    Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved across the entire tree of life (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-04
    Description: Ecological interactions are crucial to understanding both the ecology and the evolution of organisms. Because the phenotypic traits regulating species interactions are largely a legacy of their ancestors, it is widely assumed that ecological interactions are phylogenetically conserved, with closely related species interacting with similar partners. However, the existing empirical evidence is inadequate to appropriately evaluate the hypothesis of phylogenetic conservatism in ecological interactions, because it is both ecologically and taxonomically biased. In fact, most studies on the evolution of ecological interactions have focused on specialized organisms, such as some parasites or insect herbivores, belonging to a limited subset of the overall tree of life. Here we study the evolution of host use in a large and diverse group of interactions comprising both specialist and generalist acellular, unicellular and multicellular organisms. We show that, as previously found for specialized interactions, generalized interactions can be evolutionarily conserved. Significant phylogenetic conservatism of interaction patterns was equally likely to occur in symbiotic and non-symbiotic interactions, as well as in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions. Host-use differentiation among species was higher in phylogenetically conserved clades, irrespective of their generalization degree and taxonomic position within the tree of life. Our findings strongly suggest a shared pattern in the organization of biological systems through evolutionary time, mediated by marked conservatism of ecological interactions among taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez, Jose M -- Verdu, Miguel -- Perfectti, Francisco -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):918-21. doi: 10.1038/nature09113. Epub 2010 Jun 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. jmgreyes@ugr.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20520609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Phylogeny ; Symbiosis/*physiology
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    Ease public concern over oil pipeline (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gates, John B -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):765. doi: 10.1038/468765a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Chemical Hazard Release ; Disclosure ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; *Mining ; Petroleum/*adverse effects ; *Public Opinion ; *Research Personnel ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Water Supply
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    All at sea (2010)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):397-8. doi: 10.1038/465397b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disaster Planning/organization & administration ; *Ecosystem ; Mexico ; Oceans and Seas ; Petroleum/*analysis/poisoning/toxicity ; Relief Work/*organization & administration ; Research/economics/*trends ; Seawater/*chemistry ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Upbeat oil report questioned (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrope, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):802. doi: 10.1038/466802a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disasters/*statistics & numerical data ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Marine Biology ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Petroleum/adverse effects/*analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater/*chemistry ; *Uncertainty ; Volatilization
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    What will get sick from the slick? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaskill, Melissa -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):14-5. doi: 10.1038/466014a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems/utilization ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Food Chain ; Larva/drug effects/growth & development ; Marine Biology ; Mexico ; Oceans and Seas ; Petroleum/analysis/*poisoning/*toxicity ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sharks/physiology ; Survival Rate ; Tuna/physiology ; Turtles/physiology ; Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The lost legacy of the last great oil spill (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrope, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):304-5. doi: 10.1038/466304a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disasters/history ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Marine Biology/history/trends ; Mexico ; Oceans and Seas ; Ostreidae ; Petroleum/*analysis/*toxicity ; Population Dynamics ; Research/history/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Atmospheric science: A towering experiment (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):386-7. doi: 10.1038/467386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Brazil ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/economics/*instrumentation ; Forestry ; Germany ; Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development/*metabolism ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Replacing underperforming protected areas achieves better conservation outcomes (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-02
    Description: Protected areas vary enormously in their contribution to conserving biodiversity, and the inefficiency of protected area systems is widely acknowledged. However, conservation plans focus overwhelmingly on adding new sites to current protected area estates. Here we show that the conservation performance of a protected area system can be radically improved, without extra expenditure, by replacing a small number of protected areas with new ones that achieve more for conservation. Replacing the least cost-effective 1% of Australia's 6,990 strictly protected areas could increase the number of vegetation types that have 15% or more of their original extent protected from 18 to 54, of a maximum possible of 58. Moreover, it increases markedly the area that can be protected, with no increase in overall spending. This new paradigm for protected area system expansion could yield huge improvements to global conservation at a time when competition for land is increasingly intense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, Richard A -- McDonald-Madden, Eve -- Wilson, Kerrie A -- Carwardine, Josie -- Grantham, Hedley S -- Watson, James E M -- Klein, Carissa J -- Green, David C -- Possingham, Hugh P -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):365-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09180. Epub 2010 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. r.a.fuller@dunelm.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/economics/methods ; Trees/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Conservation science: Trade-in to trade-up (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):322-3. doi: 10.1038/466322a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An alternative route (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):251-2. doi: 10.1038/467251b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Politics ; Risk Assessment ; Ruminants/physiology ; Tanzania ; Transportation/*instrumentation ; Urbanization/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Press release and media distort complex message (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marin, Victor H -- Delgado, Luisa E -- Tironi, Antonio -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):815. doi: 10.1038/466815c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chile ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Mass Media ; *Salmon ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A plan for the ocean (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):9. doi: 10.1038/465009a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Government Regulation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    White House stalls oil-slick research (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mascarelli, Amanda -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):993. doi: 10.1038/465993b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Federal Government ; Industry/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Mexico ; Oceans and Seas ; Petroleum/*adverse effects ; Research/*economics ; Seawater/*chemistry ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Researchers on a mission (2010)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):784-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20862790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*trends ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Employment/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Fisheries/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Human Activities ; Marine Biology/education/*manpower/*trends ; Petroleum/adverse effects ; Public Policy ; *Research Personnel ; Social Sciences/education
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Fisheries: Measuring biodiversity in marine ecosystems (2010)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powers, Joseph E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):385-6. doi: 10.1038/468385a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*isolation & purification ; *Biodiversity ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Food Chain ; Models, Biological
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    Ecology: Fish in Levy-flight foraging (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viswanathan, Gandhimohan M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1018-9. doi: 10.1038/4651018a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; *Food ; Locomotion/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Predatory Behavior/*physiology ; *Seawater ; Swimming/physiology
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    Reserves 'win-win' for fish and fishermen (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1007. doi: 10.1038/4631007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa ; Australia ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/economics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    UN body will assess ecosystems and biodiversity (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):859. doi: 10.1038/465859a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; Humans ; *United Nations/economics
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    Early warning signals of extinction in deteriorating environments (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-10
    Description: During the decline to extinction, animal populations may present dynamical phenomena not exhibited by robust populations. Some of these phenomena, such as the scaling of demographic variance, are related to small size whereas others result from density-dependent nonlinearities. Although understanding the causes of population extinction has been a central problem in theoretical biology for decades, the ability to anticipate extinction has remained elusive. Here we argue that the causes of a population's decline are central to the predictability of its extinction. Specifically, environmental degradation may cause a tipping point in population dynamics, corresponding to a bifurcation in the underlying population growth equations, beyond which decline to extinction is almost certain. In such cases, imminent extinction will be signalled by critical slowing down (CSD). We conducted an experiment with replicate laboratory populations of Daphnia magna to test this hypothesis. We show that populations crossing a transcritical bifurcation, experimentally induced by the controlled decline in environmental conditions, show statistical signatures of CSD after the onset of environmental deterioration and before the critical transition. Populations in constant environments did not have these patterns. Four statistical indicators all showed evidence of the approaching bifurcation as early as 110 days ( approximately 8 generations) before the transition occurred. Two composite indices improved predictability, and comparative analysis showed that early warning signals based solely on observations in deteriorating environments without reference populations for standardization were hampered by the presence of transient dynamics before the onset of deterioration, pointing to the importance of reliable baseline data before environmental deterioration begins. The universality of bifurcations in models of population dynamics suggests that this phenomenon should be general.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drake, John M -- Griffen, Blaine D -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):456-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09389. Epub 2010 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. jdrake@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20827269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Daphnia/growth & development/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; *Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Q&A: Sylvia Earle on protecting our seas (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earle, Sylvia -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):165. doi: 10.1038/465165a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Marine Biology ; Meteorology ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density
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    Assessing effects of afforestation projects in China (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Xiaohui -- Jia, Zhiqing -- Ci, Longjun -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):315; author reply 315. doi: 10.1038/466315c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/*methods ; *Program Evaluation ; Rain ; Soil/*analysis ; Trees/*growth & development ; Water Supply/*analysis ; Wind
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    Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: The evidence for macroscopic life during the Palaeoproterozoic era (2.5-1.6 Gyr ago) is controversial. Except for the nearly 2-Gyr-old coil-shaped fossil Grypania spiralis, which may have been eukaryotic, evidence for morphological and taxonomic biodiversification of macroorganisms only occurs towards the beginning of the Mesoproterozoic era (1.6-1.0 Gyr). Here we report the discovery of centimetre-sized structures from the 2.1-Gyr-old black shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian B Formation in Gabon, which we interpret as highly organized and spatially discrete populations of colonial organisms. The structures are up to 12 cm in size and have characteristic shapes, with a simple but distinct ground pattern of flexible sheets and, usually, a permeating radial fabric. Geochemical analyses suggest that the sediments were deposited under an oxygenated water column. Carbon and sulphur isotopic data indicate that the structures were distinct biogenic objects, fossilized by pyritization early in the formation of the rock. The growth patterns deduced from the fossil morphologies suggest that the organisms showed cell-to-cell signalling and coordinated responses, as is commonly associated with multicellular organization. The Gabon fossils, occurring after the 2.45-2.32-Gyr increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, may be seen as ancient representatives of multicellular life, which expanded so rapidly 1.5 Gyr later, in the Cambrian explosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El Albani, Abderrazak -- Bengtson, Stefan -- Canfield, Donald E -- Bekker, Andrey -- Macchiarelli, Roberto -- Mazurier, Arnaud -- Hammarlund, Emma U -- Boulvais, Philippe -- Dupuy, Jean-Jacques -- Fontaine, Claude -- Fursich, Franz T -- Gauthier-Lafaye, Francois -- Janvier, Philippe -- Javaux, Emmanuelle -- Ossa, Frantz Ossa -- Pierson-Wickmann, Anne-Catherine -- Riboulleau, Armelle -- Sardini, Paul -- Vachard, Daniel -- Whitehouse, Martin -- Meunier, Alain -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire HYDRASA, UMR 6269 CNRS-INSU, Universite de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France. abder.albani@univ-poitiers.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/cytology ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/cytology ; *Fossils ; Gabon ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; History, Ancient ; Oxygen/*metabolism
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    Marine stewardship: high bar for seafood (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilborn, Ray -- Cowan, James H Jr -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):531. doi: 10.1038/467531c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Certification/economics/*standards ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/economics/*standards ; Fishes/physiology ; Marine Biology/*standards ; Population Dynamics ; *Seafood/economics/standards
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    Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: On the basis of projected losses of their essential sea-ice habitats, a United States Geological Survey research team concluded in 2007 that two-thirds of the world's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) could disappear by mid-century if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue. That projection, however, did not consider the possible benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation. A key question is whether temperature increases lead to proportional losses of sea-ice habitat, or whether sea-ice cover crosses a tipping point and irreversibly collapses when temperature reaches a critical threshold. Such a tipping point would mean future greenhouse gas mitigation would confer no conservation benefits to polar bears. Here we show, using a general circulation model, that substantially more sea-ice habitat would be retained if greenhouse gas rise is mitigated. We also show, with Bayesian network model outcomes, that increased habitat retention under greenhouse gas mitigation means that polar bears could persist throughout the century in greater numbers and more areas than in the business-as-usual case. Our general circulation model outcomes did not reveal thresholds leading to irreversible loss of ice; instead, a linear relationship between global mean surface air temperature and sea-ice habitat substantiated the hypothesis that sea-ice thermodynamics can overcome albedo feedbacks proposed to cause sea-ice tipping points. Our outcomes indicate that rapid summer ice losses in models and observations represent increased volatility of a thinning sea-ice cover, rather than tipping-point behaviour. Mitigation-driven Bayesian network outcomes show that previously predicted declines in polar bear distribution and numbers are not unavoidable. Because polar bears are sentinels of the Arctic marine ecosystem and trends in their sea-ice habitats foreshadow future global changes, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to improve polar bear status would have conservation benefits throughout and beyond the Arctic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amstrup, Steven C -- Deweaver, Eric T -- Douglas, David C -- Marcot, Bruce G -- Durner, George M -- Bitz, Cecilia M -- Bailey, David A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):955-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. samstrup@pbears.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Arctic Regions ; Bayes Theorem ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Environmental Monitoring ; Gases/analysis ; Global Warming/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Effect/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior ; Seasons ; Seawater/analysis/chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Time Factors ; Ursidae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biogeochemistry: Ocean biomes blended (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sambrotto, Raymond N -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):538-9. doi: 10.1038/467538a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diatoms/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Geography ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phosphorus/analysis/metabolism ; Plankton/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Questionable value of planting thirsty trees in dry regions (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Shixiong -- Wang, Guosheng -- Chen, Li -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):31. doi: 10.1038/465031d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Rain ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Canada needs a polar policy (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England, John -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):159. doi: 10.1038/463159a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NSERC Northern Research Chair at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada. john.england@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; Ecology/*economics/instrumentation ; *Ecosystem ; Ice Cover ; Leadership ; Research/*economics/instrumentation ; Research Support as Topic/economics/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Stoichiometric control of organic carbon-nitrate relationships from soils to the sea (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: The production of artificial fertilizers, fossil fuel use and leguminous agriculture worldwide has increased the amount of reactive nitrogen in the natural environment by an order of magnitude since the Industrial Revolution. This reorganization of the nitrogen cycle has led to an increase in food production, but increasingly causes a number of environmental problems. One such problem is the accumulation of nitrate in both freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems. Here we establish that ecosystem nitrate accrual exhibits consistent and negative nonlinear correlations with organic carbon availability along a hydrologic continuum from soils, through freshwater systems and coastal margins, to the open ocean. The trend also prevails in ecosystems subject to substantial human alteration. Across this diversity of environments, we find evidence that resource stoichiometry (organic carbon:nitrate) strongly influences nitrate accumulation by regulating a suite of microbial processes that couple dissolved organic carbon and nitrate cycling. With the help of a meta-analysis we show that heterotrophic microbes maintain low nitrate concentrations when organic carbon:nitrate ratios match the stoichiometric demands of microbial anabolism. When resource ratios drop below the minimum carbon:nitrogen ratio of microbial biomass, however, the onset of carbon limitation appears to drive rapid nitrate accrual, which may then be further enhanced by nitrification. At low organic carbon:nitrate ratios, denitrification appears to constrain the extent of nitrate accretion, once organic carbon and nitrate availability approach the 1:1 stoichiometry of this catabolic process. Collectively, these microbial processes express themselves on local to global scales by restricting the threshold ratios underlying nitrate accrual to a constrained stoichiometric window. Our findings indicate that ecological stoichiometry can help explain the fate of nitrate across disparate environments and in the face of human disturbance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Philip G -- Townsend, Alan R -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1178-81. doi: 10.1038/nature08985.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. philip.taylor@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Freshwater Biology ; Marine Biology ; Nitrates/analysis/*metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Soil/*analysis
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    Alternative view of Serengeti road (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homewood, Katherine -- Brockington, Daniel -- Sullivan, Sian -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):788-9. doi: 10.1038/467788e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Policy ; Tanzania ; *Transportation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cities need plants and animals too (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, Patrick R -- Greco, Steven E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):173. doi: 10.1038/468173a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cities ; *City Planning/methods/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Plant Development
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental context explains Levy and Brownian movement patterns of marine predators (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-10
    Description: An optimal search theory, the so-called Levy-flight foraging hypothesis, predicts that predators should adopt search strategies known as Levy flights where prey is sparse and distributed unpredictably, but that Brownian movement is sufficiently efficient for locating abundant prey. Empirical studies have generated controversy because the accuracy of statistical methods that have been used to identify Levy behaviour has recently been questioned. Consequently, whether foragers exhibit Levy flights in the wild remains unclear. Crucially, moreover, it has not been tested whether observed movement patterns across natural landscapes having different expected resource distributions conform to the theory's central predictions. Here we use maximum-likelihood methods to test for Levy patterns in relation to environmental gradients in the largest animal movement data set assembled for this purpose. Strong support was found for Levy search patterns across 14 species of open-ocean predatory fish (sharks, tuna, billfish and ocean sunfish), with some individuals switching between Levy and Brownian movement as they traversed different habitat types. We tested the spatial occurrence of these two principal patterns and found Levy behaviour to be associated with less productive waters (sparser prey) and Brownian movements to be associated with productive shelf or convergence-front habitats (abundant prey). These results are consistent with the Levy-flight foraging hypothesis, supporting the contention that organism search strategies naturally evolved in such a way that they exploit optimal Levy patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, Nicolas E -- Queiroz, Nuno -- Dyer, Jennifer R M -- Pade, Nicolas G -- Musyl, Michael K -- Schaefer, Kurt M -- Fuller, Daniel W -- Brunnschweiler, Juerg M -- Doyle, Thomas K -- Houghton, Jonathan D R -- Hays, Graeme C -- Jones, Catherine S -- Noble, Leslie R -- Wearmouth, Victoria J -- Southall, Emily J -- Sims, David W -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1066-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09116. Epub 2010 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20531470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; *Food ; Likelihood Functions ; Locomotion/*physiology ; Marine Biology ; *Models, Biological ; Perciformes/physiology ; Predatory Behavior/*physiology ; *Seawater ; Sharks/physiology ; Swimming/physiology
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    Call for cooperation to contain damage by Chile's salmon farms (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vester, Heike -- Timme, Marc -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):869. doi: 10.1038/465869d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chile ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Industrial Waste/legislation & jurisprudence ; Noise/prevention & control ; *Salmon ; Water Pollution/*prevention & control
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    Plant biology: Growth industry (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):886-8. doi: 10.1038/468886a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; Agriculture/methods/trends ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Engineering ; Germany ; Herbicides ; Insects/drug effects/physiology ; Pheromones/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; Plants/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Predatory Behavior/drug effects ; *Research/economics ; Seeds/genetics/metabolism ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tobacco/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Utah
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    Urban ecosystems research joins mainstream ecology (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayer, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 9;467(7312):153. doi: 10.1038/467153b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cities ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Urban Population
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mosquitoes: schemes to render them extinct are impracticable (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Stephen M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1041. doi: 10.1038/4661041a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Insect Control/ethics
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    Behavioural ecology: Ways to raise tadpoles (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokko, Hanna -- Jennions, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):990-1. doi: 10.1038/464990b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/classification/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Food ; Fresh Water/*analysis ; Larva/physiology ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior/physiology ; *Paternal Behavior ; Phylogeny ; Survival Rate
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    Ocean biogeochemistry: Carbon at the coastal interface (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, Nicolas -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):148-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14082. Epub 2014 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Carbon Sequestration ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; *Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis
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    Ecology. Structure and dynamics of ecological networks (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):765-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollination ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. The Seven Ages of Pan (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
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    Contribution of semi-arid forests to the climate system (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Forests both take up CO2 and enhance absorption of solar radiation, with contrasting effects on global temperature. Based on a 9-year study in the forests' dry timberline, we show that substantial carbon sequestration (cooling effect) is maintained in the large dry transition zone (precipitation from 200 to 600 millimeters) by shifts in peak photosynthetic activities from summer to early spring, and this is counteracted by longwave radiation (L) suppression (warming effect), doubling the forestation shortwave (S) albedo effect. Several decades of carbon accumulation are required to balance the twofold S + L effect. Desertification over the past several decades, however, contributed negative forcing at Earth's surface equivalent to approximately 20% of the global anthropogenic CO2 effect over the same period, moderating warming trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotenberg, Eyal -- Yakir, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):451-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1179998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecology. China, India, and the environment (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Koh, Lian Pin -- Lee, Tien Ming -- Liu, Jianguo -- Ramakrishnan, P S -- Yu, Douglas W -- Zhang, Ya-ping -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1457, 1459. doi: 10.1126/science.1185164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Trees ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The dirt on ocean garbage patches (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1506. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Ecosystem ; Pacific Ocean ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; *Plastics/toxicity ; *Seawater ; Water Movements ; *Water Pollution ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL, remain unclear. Here we show that FCL increases with drainage area and decreases with hydrologic variability and intermittency across 36 North American rivers. Our analysis further suggests that hydrologic variability is the mechanism underlying the correlation between ecosystem size and FCL in rivers. Ecosystem size lengthens river food chains by integrating and attenuating discharge variation through stream networks, thereby enhancing environmental stability in larger river systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabo, John L -- Finlay, Jacques C -- Kennedy, Theodore -- Post, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):965-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196005. Epub 2010 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Post Office Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. John.L.Sabo@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Invertebrates ; North America ; *Rivers ; Water Cycle ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental restoration. Restoration or devastation? (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1568-70. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5973.1568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Financing, Government ; Republic of Korea ; *Rivers ; Water Movements ; *Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated VOC via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. Laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. A revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated VOCs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karl, T -- Harley, P -- Emmons, L -- Thornton, B -- Guenther, A -- Basu, C -- Turnipseed, A -- Jardine, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):816-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1192534. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. tomkarl@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Populus/genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Trees/*metabolism ; Tropical Climate ; Up-Regulation ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Sustainable foresting: easier said than done (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, E Detlef -- Schulze, Inge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):957. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.957-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics ; Germany ; *Trees/growth & development ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Paleontology. Marine biodiversity dynamics over deep time (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1156-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1194924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. crmarshall@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Ocean acidification unprecedented, unsettling (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1500-1. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Bicarbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Foraminifera/physiology ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Energy. Dams for Patagonia (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, Gaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):382-5. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chile ; *Ecosystem ; *Electricity ; *Environment ; *Power Plants ; *Rivers ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Ecology. Madagascar's forests get a reprieve--but for how long? (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):23-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Madagascar ; *Trees ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Disasters. Scenario-building for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machlis, Gary E -- McNutt, Marcia K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1018-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1195382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Strategic Sciences Working Group, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20024, USA. gary_machlis@nps.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Decision Making ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Forecasting ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Petroleum ; Planning Techniques ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Climate. Drylands in the Earth system (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):418-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Ecological Observatory, Inc., 5340 Airport Boulevard, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. dschimel@naeoninc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Climate Change ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The factors determining species commonness and rarity are poorly understood, particularly in highly diverse communities. Theory predicts that interactions with neighbors of the same (conspecific) and other (heterospecific) species can influence a species' relative abundance, but empirical tests are lacking. By using a hierarchical model of survival for more than 30,000 seedlings of 180 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we tested whether species' sensitivity to neighboring individuals relates to their relative abundance in the community. We found wide variation among species in the effect of conspecific, but not heterospecific, neighbors on survival, and we found a significant relationship between the strength of conspecific neighbor effects and species abundance. Specifically, rare species suffered more from the presence of conspecific neighbors than common species did, suggesting that conspecific density dependence shapes species abundances in diverse communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Comita, Liza S -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Aguilar, Salomon -- Hubbell, Stephen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):330-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1190772. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. comita@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Panama ; Population Density ; Seedlings/growth & development ; Species Specificity ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Trophic structure and community stability in an overfished ecosystem (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Ecology. Explaining bird migration (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilg, Olivier -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1184964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. olivier.gilg@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Nesting Behavior ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Fishing for data in the Ross Sea (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blight, Louise K -- Ainley, David G -- Ackley, Stephen F -- Ballard, Grant -- Ballerini, Tosca -- Brownell, Robert L Jr -- Cheng, C-H Christina -- Chiantore, Mariachiara -- Costa, Daniel -- Coulter, Malcolm C -- Dayton, Paul -- Devries, Arthur L -- Dunbar, Robert -- Earle, Sylvia -- Eastman, Joseph T -- Emslie, Steven D -- Evans, Clive W -- Garrott, Robert A -- Kim, Stacy -- Kooyman, Gerald -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Lizotte, Michael -- Massaro, Melanie -- Olmastroni, Silvia -- Ponganis, Paul J -- Russell, Joellen -- Siniff, Donald B -- Smith, Walker O Jr -- Stewart, Brent S -- Stirling, Ian -- Willis, Jay -- Wilson, Peter -- Woehler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1316. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Air pollution. Taking the sting out of acid rain (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):910-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6006.910.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Air Pollution/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sulfur ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Gulf oil disaster. Five questions on the spill (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Kintisch, Eli -- Schenkman, Lauren -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):962-3. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Food Chain ; *Petroleum ; Plants ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Gulf oil spill. Government chided for poor planning and communication (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):302-3. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6002.302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; *Information Dissemination ; *Petroleum ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    China and India: think outside the borders (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peh, Kelvin S-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1228-9. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1228-d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Military Personnel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Reefs as cradles of evolution and sources of biodiversity in the Phanerozoic (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: Large-scale biodiversity gradients among environments and habitats are usually attributed to a complex array of ecological and evolutionary factors. We tested the evolutionary component of such gradients by compiling the environments of the geologically oldest occurrences of marine genera and using sampling standardization to assess if originations tended to be clustered in particular environments. Shallow, tropical environments and carbonate substrates all tend to have harbored high origination rates. Diversity within these environments tended to be preferentially generated in reefs, probably because of their habitat complexity. Reefs were also prolific at exporting diversity to other environments, which might be a consequence of low-diversity habitats being more susceptible to invasions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Simpson, Carl -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):196-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1182241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@mfn-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates/classification
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    High frequency of horizontal gene transfer in the oceans (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Oceanic bacteria perform many environmental functions, including biogeochemical cycling of many elements, metabolizing of greenhouse gases, functioning in oceanic food webs (microbial loop), and producing valuable natural products and viruses. We demonstrate that the widespread capability of marine bacteria to participate in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in coastal and oceanic environments may be the result of gene transfer agents (GTAs), viral-like particles produced by alpha-Proteobacteria. We documented GTA-mediated gene transfer frequencies a thousand to a hundred million times higher than prior estimates of HGT in the oceans, with as high as 47% of the culturable natural microbial community confirmed as gene recipients. These findings suggest a plausible mechanism by which marine bacteria acquire novel traits, thus ensuring resilience in the face of environmental change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDaniel, Lauren D -- Young, Elizabeth -- Delaney, Jennifer -- Ruhnau, Fabian -- Ritchie, Kim B -- Paul, John H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):50. doi: 10.1126/science.1192243.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. mcdaniel@marine.usf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Flavobacterium/drug effects/genetics ; Flexibacter/drug effects/genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Kanamycin Resistance/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Prophages/genetics ; Rhodobacteraceae/drug effects/*genetics/virology ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Streptomycin/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift in the acid-base chemistry of seawater, reduced subsurface oxygen both in near-shore coastal water and in the open ocean, rising coastal nitrogen levels, and widespread increase in mercury and persistent organic pollutants. Most of these perturbations, tied either directly or indirectly to human fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and industrial activity, are projected to grow in coming decades, resulting in increasing negative impacts on ocean biota and marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doney, Scott C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. sdoney@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Water Pollutants/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Newsmaker interview: Ian Poiner. Counting the ocean's creatures, great and small. Interview by Dennis Normile (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poiner, Ian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):25. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6000.25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    A groundbreaking observatory to monitor the environment (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):418-20. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; Data Collection ; *Ecology/economics/instrumentation/methods/organization & administration ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/methods ; Financing, Government ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    A cryptic sulfur cycle in oxygen-minimum-zone waters off the Chilean coast (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Stewart, Frank J -- Thamdrup, Bo -- De Brabandere, Loreto -- Dalsgaard, Tage -- Delong, Edward F -- Revsbech, Niels Peter -- Ulloa, Osvaldo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196889. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Chile ; Deltaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Metagenome ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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