ALBERT

Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : EHLERS, J. & MENSCHING, H.: Küstenversatz und Prielverlagerungen an der Nordseeküste. S. 9-22 ; FRÄNZLE, O.: Periglaziäre Formung der Altmoränengebiete Schleswig-Holsteins. S. 23-35 ; HEMPEL, L.: Rezente und fossile Mesoformen der Abtragung und Aufschüttung in Ausräumen von Schichtkammlandschaften im Teutoburger Wald. S. 37-47 ; LEHMEIER, F.: Zum Formenschatz der Schichtkammlandschaft im Niedersächsischen Bergland. S. 49-61 ; GARLEFF, K., BRUNOTTE, E. & STINGL, H.: Fußflächen im zentralen Teil der Hessischen Senke. S. 63-76 ; MÖLLER, K.: Das Eschweger Becken und seine Randbereiche — Ergebnisse geomorphographischer und hydrochemischer Analysen. S. 77-92 ; GLATTHAAR, D.: Vertikalbewegungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Formenentwicklung im Westerwald. S. 93-106 ; MÜLLER, M.J.: Periglaziärfluviale, solifluidale und abluale Formung im westlichen Hunsrück und am Ostrand der Trier-Bitburger Mulde. S. 107-118 ; BARSCH, D. & MÄUSBACHER, R.: Zur fluvialen Dynamik beim Aufbau des Neckarschwemmfächers. S. 119-128 ; LESER, H.: Schichtstufen und Talrandstufen in Südwestdeutschland. S. 129-147 ; FARRENKOPF, D.: Relief und Wasserhaushalt im Eyachtal, Nordschwarzwald. S. 149-154 ; LESER, H. & METZ, B.: Vergletscherungen im Hochschwarzwald. S. 155-175 ; HABBE, K.A.: Was kann eine geomorphologische Vollkartierung für die Stratigraphie des Quartärs leisten? S. 177-196 ; RATHJENS, C.: Jungglaziale Formung und spätglazialer Eisabbau im Chiemgau. S. 197-205 ; FISCHER, K.: Die würmzeitliche und stadiale Vergletscherung der Berchtesgadener Alpen. S. 207-225 ;

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Zur Vereinfachung wird die Vielfalt der Karstformenbezeichnungen bereinigt. Erdfall wird als Form, die in nicht verkarstungsfähigen Serien liegt, aber auf Tiefensubrosion zurückgeht, der Doline, einer Form, die in verkarstungsfähigem Material liegt, gegenübergestellt. Als Grundlage der Arbeit wurde eine detaillierte Kartierung der Auslaugungsformen durchgeführt. Hinsichtlich rezenter Subrosion erwies es sich als notwendig, die in Oberflächenwässern und wasserwirtschaftlich erfaßten Wässern gelösten Bestandteile von Chlorid, Sulfat und Karbonat zu ermitteln. Die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten zeigt, daß ein Zusammenhang mit Gebieten besteht, die durch aktuelle Erdfälle und Dolineneinbrüche gekennzeichnet sind. Als Voraussetzung zur Reliefgenese gilt, daß das Gebiet des Unterwerra-Sattels entscheidend durch die saxonische Gebirgsbildung an der Wende Jura/Kreide und die nachfolgende klimageomorphologische Entwicklung geprägt ist. Anhand der geomorphographischen Analyse wird der Einfluß der Salz-, aber auch der Sulfatauslaugung auf die Landschaftsgenese belegt. Die Auslaugung des Salzes (Nal), dessen Mächtigkeit im Untersuchungsgebiet mit mindestens 120 m angenommen wird, und der unterlagernden ca. 130 m nächtigen Zechsteingipse (A 1 - A 3) zerrüttet die überlagernden triassischen Schichten weiter. Darüber hinaus wirkt die Subrosion von mehr als 30 m Rötgipsen und 50 m Gipsen des Mittleren Muschelkalkes im Hangenden des Zechsteins reliefformend. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse - rezente und subrezente Formen, Lösungswerte – werden zunächst in kleineren Gebietseinheiten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Nasseranalysen bestätigen das geomorphographische Ergebnis, so daß in Anlehnung an die Gipshorizonte von Stockwerkssubrosion gesprochen werden kann. Entscheidend geprägt ist die heutige Situation jedoch durch vorangegangene Zechsteinsalzauslaugung im tieferen Untergrund. Diese hat in den Hangendserien die Wasserwegsamkeit verstärkt, so daß die nachfolgende Sulfatsubrosion den Kleinformenschatz vor der Schichtstufe des Mittleren Buntsandsteins steuern konnte. Aufgrund ihrer für Auslaugungsgebiete typischen Ausprägung wird die Lage der Schichtstufe in weiten Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes an das in Auslaugung befindliche Salz geknüpft. Das Auftreten von Subrosionsformen vor der Landstufe des Kaufunger Waldes, den östlichen Meißnerhängen, dem Anstieg des Schlierbachswaldes sowie vor dem Anstieg des Buntsandsteins zwischen Heldra, Frieda und Bad Sooden-Allendorf untermauert diese Interpretation. In der südlichen und südöstlichen Umrahmung des Untersuchungsgebietes wird der Salzhang aufgrund geomorphographischer Kriterien unter dem Steilanstieg des Unteren Muschelkalkes ausgewiesen. Aufgrund dieser Befunde wird die primäre Salzverbreitung als über den Unterwerra-Sattel reichend angenommen, womit sich, abgesehen von den Einflüssen der saxonischen Tektonik, alle Reliefentwicklungsprozesse allein durch Auslaugung und folgende geomorphologische Überprägung erklären lassen. Darüber hinaus ist dieses Gebiet in Nordhessen nicht nur durch eine über alle Schichten hinweggreifende Rumpfflächenbildung gekennzeichnet, sondern die Resistenzunterschiede wurden - unabhängig vom Klima - beständig herausgearbeitet. Aus diesen Ergebnissen wurde ein übergeordnetes Modell zur Reliefentwicklung erstellt. Danach existieren im Untersuchungsgebiet fünf Reliefgenerationen, wobei die postsaxonische Reliefentwicklung mit zerstörtem, die Auslaugung begünstigendem Hangendverband nach der Landhebung bzw. dem Einbruch der das Gebiet begrenzenden Grabenstrukturen, die bis ins Alttertiär reicht, nicht erfaßt werden konnte. [...]

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Ergebnisse hydrologischer und stratigraphischer Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Brandenburger Kesselmooren vorgestellt. Für die Erfassung der aktuellen und historischen biotischen und abiotischen Standortfaktoren wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt: floristische und vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen sowie hydrologische, hydrochemische, geochemische, geophysikalische und sedimentologische Untersuchungen und Makrorest-‚ Mikrorest- und Pollenanalyse. Der zeitlichen Einordnung der entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Prozesse dienten Radiocarbondatierungen und die pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Entwicklungsstadien auszuscheiden, die von den untersuchten Mooren seit ihrer Entstehung durchlaufen wurden. Aufgrund der stratigraphischen Untersuchungen wurden Aussagen zur Beckengenese und zu den einzelnen See- und Moorentwicklungsphasen getroffen, zum Verlandungsvorgang, zu Moorbildungsbedingungen und Sukzessionsstadien. Den Entwicklungsstadien konnten über geochemische und -physikalische Untersuchungen abiotische Standortfaktoren zugeordnet werden. Die aktuellen Standortveränderungen wurden erfaßt und die vorgenommenen Erhaltungs- und Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen dokumentiert und bewertet.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 63 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, zu magnetischen und elektrischen Feldern der Erde, zu der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1934.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Karl Mack †〈/a〉〈br〉(Hiller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die südalbanischen Erdbeben 1930/31〈/a〉〈br〉(Nowack, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gräfe, H., v. zur Mühlen, W., Müller, H. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Horizontalsicht bei örtlich veränderlicher Trübung und Beleuchtung〈/a〉〈br〉(Steinhäusser, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H., Köhler, R., Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Beitrag zur Berechnung von Minimum-Stabpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Zur Theorie elastischer Pendel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Holweck-Lejayschen Stabpendels〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode für sehr präzise magnetische Messungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Koulomzine, T., Bondaletoff, N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Zur Frage der mit dem temperaturkompensierten Magnetsystem erreichbaren Meßgenauigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohl, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Die Höhenverteilung der Erd-, Luft- und Höhenstrahlung〈/a〉〈br〉(Suckstorff, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Erdstrahlungsmessungen in Bad Nauheim nach der Gammastrahlenmethode〈/a〉〈br〉(Masuch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Referate〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Abschnitt〈/a〉〈br〉(Angenheister, G., Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Hergesell geb. 29. Mai 1859〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Hecker geb. 21. Mai 1864〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Sprengungen zur Forschungszwecken mit Unterstützung der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beiträge zu den Luftschallmessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O., Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Regula, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Berechnung der Laufzeitkurven des anormalen Schalles für windstille Atmosphäre und Vergleich mit der Laufzeitkurve der Oldebroek-Sprengung vom 15. Dezember 1932〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Ergebisse der Registrierungen von Schallwellen an kreisförmig um den Sprengherd angeordneten Stationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Beobachtungsergebnisse über den Einfluß der "akustischen Umkehrschicht" auf die Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Zur Frage der anomalen Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kölzer, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Schalluntersuchungen im Polargebiet〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Betrachtungen über ebene Pendel〈/a〉〈br〉(Hahnkamm, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Außenraum und Innenraum (Schlichtung des Streites um die Schwerkraftreduktion)〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Geoiden von Ackerl und Hirvonen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Auto-Radio als Hilfsmittel geologischer Kartierung〈/a〉〈br〉(Cloos, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Zur photographischen Registrierung von Stationsseismometern〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Ein Horizontalseismometer für die Aufzeichnung von starken Orts- und Nahbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Critikos, N. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Die Bedeutung der Unstetigkeiten im Verlauf der Schallgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe für die normale und anomale〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die Relativität der Undulationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Ein detonierendes Meteor über dem Weserbergland am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Hartmann, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Der Meteorfall bei Stadt Rehburg am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Trommsdorff, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Vergleich zwischen der Intensität der kosmischen Ultrastrahlung über Grönland und über Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Das Grundeis〈/a〉〈br〉(Jakuschoff, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Le problème des microséismes et le déferlement des vagues〈/a〉〈br〉(Gherzi, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Note on the Hayford-Bowie tables for calculation 〈i〉g〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉(Bullard, E. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Kann die Laplacesche Differentialgleichung für das Schwerkraftpotential auch innerhalb der Erdkruste als erfüllt angesehen werden?〈/a〉〈br〉(Grabowski, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Der geophysikalische Nachweis des Zechsteindolomits〈/a〉〈br〉(Müller, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(von Seidlitz, W., Sieberg, A., Linke, F., Gerlach, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Frage der Geländekorrektion bei Drehwaagemessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Tuchel, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Emanation in Boden- und Freiluft〈/a〉〈br〉(Israël, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Energie der Heliokathodenstrahlen in ihrer Beziehung zur fortschreitenden Bewegung der Elektronen in den Polarlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Rudolph, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem Sanford-Elektrometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Stoppel, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Das Strömungssystem der Luft über Mogadischu〈/a〉〈br〉(Bossolasco, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0084.pdf"〉Messungen mit transportablen statischen Schweremessern〈/a〉〈br〉(Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Über den Energietransport bei der Sprengseismik〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Schmidt, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0087.pdf"〉Formen der Bodenschwingung bei sinusförmiger Anregung〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit sinusförmiger elastischer Wellen im Boden〈/a〉〈br〉(Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Bericht über die elfte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Bad Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0093.pdf.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Dezember 1934〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Deutschlands Erdbebentätigkeit pflegt unterschätzt zu werden, weil sie gewöhnlich so harmlos erscheint. Zwar bringt der Jahresverlauf nur wenige Beben, abgesehen von gelegentlichen Schwärmen mit vielen hunderten von Einzelstößen, wie sie besonders dem Vogtland eigentümlich sind. Zudem handelt es sich dabei vorwiegend um schadlose Erderschütterungen, die kaum Beobachtung finden. Aber der Fachmann kennt daneben auch bis in die neueste Zeit hinein Erdbeben mit erheblichen Schäden und selbst Zerstörungen, die für längere Zeit das öffentliche Leben völlig beherrscht haben; mitunter wurde fast Großbebencharakter erreicht.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Die nachstehenden neueren Untersuchungen auf verschiedenen Gebieten geophysikalischer Forschung, die von Mitgliedern der Reichsanstalt für Erdbebenforschung in Jena durchgeführt sind, wurden erstmalig in der Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstage des früheren Direktors der Reichsanstalt, Herrn Geheimrat Professor Dr. Oskar Hecker (Beitrage zur Angewandten Geophysik, Band 4, Heft 3, Leipzig 1934) veröffentlicht. Sämtliche Arbeiten, ausgenommen diejenigen von Krumbach, gehören zu den von der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft unterstützten geophysikalischen Forschungen. A. Sieberg

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Am Beispiel des "Leegmoores" im Timpemoor - einem ehemaligen "Heidemoor" - wurde auf Grund von boden- und moorkundlichen Untersuchungen sowie von landeskundlich-historischen Recherchen die Entwicklung der Heidemoore überprüft. Dazu wurden erstmalig die flächenhaften Verluste an Moorsubstanz durch - wiederholte Moorbrandkultur, - Entnahme von Heidesoden (Abplaggen) und - Winderosion qualitativ und quantitativ erfaßt, dazu die Moorsackung errechnet. Aus den vorhandenen moorkundlichen Fakten konnte das natürliche Moorrelief des Timpemoores rekonstruiert werden. Die Autoren weisen nach, daß die von JONAS (1934, 1935) beschriebenen Heidemoore "durch den Menschen beeinflußte Moore" darstellen. Das untersuchte Timpemoor hat sich danach im Verlauf mehrerer Jahrhunderte aus einem natürlichen gewölbten Hochmoor gebildet.

Description: On the basis of pedological, peatland and historical investigations the origin of raised bogs with heather vegetation ("Heidemoore")was examined at the example "Leegmoor", a part of the "Timpemoor". In addition to that for the first time the loss of peat substance by - burnt-over peatland cultivation, - cutaway heather sods, - erosion by wind and - bog subsidence was calculated. With the available peatland facts it was possible to reconstruct the natural bog relief. The authors are able to demonstrate that the "Heidemoore" described by JONAS (1934, 1935) are bogs influenced by man. During the last centuries the Timpemoor developed from a natural raised bog (with convex centre) to a raised bog with heather vegetation.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Vergleichende Darstellung und Analyse der Arbeitsvorgänge in den Agrarlandschaften der Erde. Dieser Aufgabe unterzieht sich in einem ersten Schritt die vorliegende Studie. Sie strebt an, mit der Darstellung und Analyse des jährlichen Arbeitsvorganges die bisher wenig berücksichtigte dynamische Seite der Agrarlandschaft – ihre Rhythmik nämlich – in exakter Weise erfassen zu können. Im Vordergrund steht zunächst weniger die regionale als vielmehr die sachliche Erörterung, auf der Beispielsgrundlage jedoch einer regionalen Kontrastierung innerhalb Deutschlands bzw. aus naheliegenden Gründen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Späteren großräumigen Untersuchungen erst kann es vorbehalten sein, von der hier geschaffenen Plattform aus auf eine speziell regionale Betrachtungsweise überzugehen.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: An der Hand von Erdbeben, die im Boden Deutschlands entstanden sind, sollen folgende Fragen untersucht werden: 1) Die Wirkungsweise der einzelnen Bebenherde, von denen anzunehmen ist, dass sie verschiedenartige Charaktereigenschaften haben. Hierfür ist es notwendig, festzustellen einmal Lage und geometrisches Bild des Herdes als geologische Störungsstelle, andererseits den das Erdbeben auslösenden Bewegungsvorgang in der Herdstörung. 2) Die Abhängigkeit der scheinbaren Bebenstarken innerhalb des Schüttergebietes von Bodenbeschaffenheit und Tektonik.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 77 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmosphäre sowie der Angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in den Jahren 1930.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Messungen unter Tage〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O., Wolf, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die ersten Dickenmessungen des grönländischen Inlandeises〈/a〉〈br〉(Sorge, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Die seismische Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Brandung〈/a〉〈br〉(Mendel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Die sonnenbelichteten Nordlichtstrahlen und die Konstitution der höheren Atmosphärenschichten〈/a〉〈br〉(Vegard, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Nochmals: Zur Frage der Laufzeitkurven〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Erwiderung zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Herrn Prof. Gutenberg〈/a〉〈br〉(Krumbach, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der vorstehenden Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Einfluß des Mondes auf die erdmagnetischen Elemente in Samoa〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Ein Diagramm zur Bestimmung der Differenz der Schwerestörung 〈i〉Δg〈/i〉 in zwei Beobachtungspunkten〈/a〉〈br〉(Oserezky, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Zur Ermittlung ausgedehnter Schichten verschiedener Leitfähigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Über tägliche erdmagnetische Variationen in zwei Alpentälern〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Die Wirkung der obersten Erdschicht auf die Anfangsbewegung einer Erdbebenwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Hasegawa, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Über die Elastizität von Gesteinen〈/a〉〈br〉(Breyer, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Über den Horizontalabstand von Pendelstationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Die Belowsche Methode zur Bestimmung der Wirkung gegebener Massen auf Krümmungsgröße und Gradient, ihre Verallgemeinerung für beliebige Massenformen und ihre Anwendung auf "zweidimensionale" Massenanordnungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Harmonische Schwingungen des Untergrundes〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Fleming, I. A., Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Über die Ursache der erdmagnetischen Störung im Gebiet der Freien Stadt Danzig〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Die kontinentalen Verschiebungen von Amerika und Madagaskar〈/a〉〈br〉(Livländer, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Magnetische Vermessung einiger tertiärer Eruptivgänge und -stöcke im sächsischen Elbsandsteingebirge〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Über die Existenz einer mondentägigen Variation in den Erdströmen〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Zum Trübungsfaktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Feussner, K., Friedrichs, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Temperature changes between Torsion balance readings in the State of Texas〈/a〉〈br〉(Harris, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Über isostatische Schwereanomalien und deren Beziehung zu den totalen Anomalien〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Ausführungen von H. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ansel, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Wesensgleiche und wesensverschiedene Darstellungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Nippoldt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Die Säkularvariation in der Rheinpfalz in den Jahren 1850 bis 1928〈/a〉〈br〉(Burmeister, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Größenverhältnis von remanentem zu induziertem Magnetismus in Gesteinen; Größe und Richtung des remanenten Magnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Über eine magnetische Anomalie am Lebasee in Ostpommern〈/a〉〈br〉(Reich, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Die Ergebnisse der magnetischen Messungen in der Ostsee in den Jahren 1924 bis 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Gernet-Reval, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Erdmagnetische Messungen in Bulgarien, Mazedonien, Trazien und in der Dobrudja〈/a〉〈br〉(Popoff, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Einige Bemerkungen über erdmagnetische Messungen, welche in Feodossia ausgeführt wurden〈/a〉〈br〉(Palazzo, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Possible causes of abnormal polarizations of magnetic formations〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Die geologische Bedeutung der Schaffung einer Isanomalenkarte der magnetischen Vertikalintensität von Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Schuh, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Die innere Genauigkeit von Inklinationsmessungen mit dem Erdinduktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Venske, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Theorie einer neuen galvanischen Waage〈/a〉〈br〉(Bock, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Messungen im Luftschiff〈/a〉〈br〉(Haussmann, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Une modification de l'enregistreur à marche rapide et à petite consommation de papier de Ad. Schmidt pour l'application aux stations de l'Anneé Polaire 1932–1933〈/a〉〈br〉(la Cour, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Was sagen uns die Parameter eines Magneten?〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Über die Herleitung des Potentials des täglichen erdmagnetischen Variationsfeldes〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Über den Vektor der magnetischen Störungen im aperiodischen Verlauf〈/a〉〈br〉(Keränen, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Forschungsmethode über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sonnenfleckentätigkeit und den erdmagnetischen Störungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gehlinsch, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Der Temperaturverlauf im Sandboden〈/a〉〈br〉(Süring, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die dominierende Luftdruckwelle des strengen Winters 1928/29〈/a〉〈br〉(Weickmann, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Über einige meteorologische Begriffe〈/a〉〈br〉(Tetens, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Über die Feinstruktur des Temperaturgradienten längs Berghängen〈/a〉〈br〉(Wagner, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Das unperiodische Element im Tropenklima〈/a〉〈br〉(Knoch, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Zur Theorie der Maxwellschen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in turbulenten Strömungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ertel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Wie tief dringen die Polarlichter in die Erdatmosphäre ein?〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Gammastrahlen an Kaliumsalzen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kolhörster, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Über die Form der Fernschallwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Kühl, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Seismizität des Südantillenbogens〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0076.pdf"〉Eine neue württembergische Erdbebenwarte〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Typhusmorbidität (bzw. Typhusmortalität) und Niederschlagsschwankungen nebst einer Kritik der Brücknerschen Klimaperiode〈/a〉〈br〉(Wenzel Pollak, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Über die Abhängikeit der Schwerkraft vom Zwischenmedium〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0080.pdf"〉On the Determination of the Lunar Atmospheric Tide〈/a〉〈br〉(Chapman, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Wärmeumsatz durch die Wärmestrahlung des Wasserdampfes in der Atmosphäre〈/a〉〈br〉(Albrecht, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Ein Universal-Induktionsmagnetometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Uljanin, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Der große Staubfall vom 26. bis 29. April 1928 in Südosteuropa〈/a〉〈br〉(Stenz, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Ein neues Verfahren der luftelektrischen Raumladungsmessung〈/a〉〈br〉(Wigand, A., Schubert, J., Frankenberger, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Kurze Erwiderung auf Vegards Bemerkungen über sonnenbelichtete Nordlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Bemerkung zu der Arbeit "Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln" von E. Kohlschütter〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit von Herrn Dr. O. Meisser: "Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen"〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. C. A. Heiland〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Das Epizentrum des südatlantischen Großbebens vom 27. Juni 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen auf dem Pasterzegletscher. I〈/a〉〈br〉(Brockamp, B., Mothes, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Bericht über die neunte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 11. bis 14. September 1930 in Potsdam〈/a〉〈br〉(Mügge, Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0099.pdf"〉Literaturverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0100.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0102.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Oktober 1930〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wang, Z. A., Moustahfid, H., Mueller, A., V., Michel, A. P. M., Mowlem, M., Glazer, B. T., Mooney, T. A., Michaels, W., McQuillan, J. S., Robidart, J. C., Churchill, J., Sourisseau, M., Daniel, A., Schaap, A., Monk, S., Friedman, K., & Brehmer, P. Advancing observation of ocean biogeochemistry, biology, and ecosystems with cost-effective in situ sensing technologies. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2019): 519, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00519.

Description: Advancing our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry, biology, and ecosystems relies on the ability to make observations both in the ocean and at the critical boundaries between the ocean and other earth systems at relevant spatial and temporal scales. After decades of advancement in ocean observing technologies, one of the key remaining challenges is how to cost-effectively make measurements at the increased resolution necessary for illuminating complex system processes and rapidly evolving changes. In recent years, biogeochemical in situ sensors have been emerging that are threefold or more lower in cost than established technologies; the cost reduction for many biological in situ sensors has also been significant, although the absolute costs are still relatively high. Cost savings in these advancements has been driven by miniaturization, new methods of packaging, and lower-cost mass-produced components such as electronics and materials. Recently, field projects have demonstrated the potential for science-quality data collection via large-scale deployments using cost-effective sensors and deployment strategies. In the coming decade, it is envisioned that ocean biogeochemistry and biology observations will be revolutionized by continued innovation in sensors with increasingly low price points and the scale-up of deployments of these in situ sensor technologies. The goal of this study is therefore to: (1) provide a review of existing sensor technologies that are already achieving cost-effectiveness compared with traditional instrumentation, (2) present case studies of cost-effective in situ deployments that can provide insight into methods for bridging observational gaps, (3) identify key challenge areas where progress in cost reduction is lagging, and (4) present a number of potentially transformative directions for future ocean biogeochemical and biological studies using cost-effective technologies and deployment strategies.

Description: The unpublished work related to iTag and mini-DO sensor was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (DBI-145559). The US NSF (OCE-1233654), the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (60NANB10D024), and the NOAA Sea Grant (2017-R/RCM-51) supported the development of the CHANOS sensor. Part of this work was supported by the European Commission via the STEMM-CCS, AtlantOS, SenseOCEAN, TriAtlas, and Preface projects under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Nos. 603521, 654462, 633211, 614141, and 817578), as well as the AWA project (IRD and BMBF; 01DG12073E), and the Blue Belt Initiative (BBI). The work on the LOC nutrients and carbonate sensors was supported by the Autonuts and CarCASS projects, part of the UK Natural Environment Research Council capital program OCEANIDS (NE/P020798/1 and NE/P02081X/1). The work on zooplankton and chlorophyll sensors was co-supported by the ROEC program (Reseau d’Observation en Environnement Côtier 2015–2020) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Description: Abstract: Current information on the potential distribution and condition of peatland soils are of great importance. This applies notably for actions with respect to climate and environmental protection. The Ministry of infrastructure and agriculture in the federal state of Brandenburg (MIL) therefore initiated a project to provide a complete and updated map of peatland soils for the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, for the year 2013. Extensive legacy data on both, areal extent of peatland soils as well as soil profile information where made digitally available in a homogeneous map and a consistent database. Approximately 7.725 sites were randomly selected from legacy soil data and currently reinvestigated to draw inference on the current condition of peatland soils. Statistically derived peatland subsidence rates at grassland sites of 0.50 cm/yr and 0.57 cm/yr at arable sites fit well with published values in comparable regions of central Europe. Our results prove the great dynamics of soil development on agriculturally used peatlands. Concerning Brandenburg, the area of peatland soils decreased from 270.000 ha in the early 20th century (Prussian geological map) to actually 163.000 ha.

Description: Zusammenfassung: Aktuelle Informationen zur Verbreitung und zum Zustand der Moorböden sind vor dem Hintergrund der geplanten Einführung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Ministerium für Infrastruktur und Landwirtschaft des Landes Brandenburg (MIL) hat hierzu das Projekt „Schaffung einer Datengrundlage für die Ableitung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen auf Moorstandorten in Brandenburg“ initiiert. Mit dem Ziel der Bereitstellung einer auf das Jahr 2013 bezogenen Moorkarte wurden umfangreiche, bis dato nicht genutzte Datenbestände zur Verbreitung von Moorböden in Brandenburg zu einer überschneidungsfreien Karte und umfassenden Datenbank moorbodenkundlicher Bodenprofile verarbeitet. Um den aktuellen Zustand der Moorböden zu erfassen, wurden flächenrepräsentativ und zufällig an 7.725 Standorten mit ausreichender Datenbasis erneut bodenkundliche Erhebungen durchgeführt und statistisch ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten Mächtigkeitsverlustraten für landwirtschaftlich genutzte Moorstandorte in Brandenburg abgeleitet werden. Für flachgründige Niedermoorstandorte unter Grünland liegen sie bei 0,50 cm/a, vergleichbare ackerbaulich genutzte Standorte liegen mit 0,57 cm/a darüber. Dies deckt sich gut mit publizierten Werten an vergleichbaren Standorten in Zentraleuropa. Die Fläche der Moorböden in Brandenburg hat sich von Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts von 270.000 ha, ausgewiesen auf Basis der Preußisch geologisch-agronomische Karte (PGK), auf heute noch 163.000 ha reduziert.

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Description: research

Description: Niphargus is a speciose amphipod genus found in groundwater habitats across Europe. Three Niphargus species living in the sulphidic Frasassi caves in Italy harbour sulphur-oxidizing Thiothrix bacterial ectosymbionts. These three species are distantly related, implying that the ability to form ectosymbioses with Thiothrix may be common among Niphargus. Therefore, Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may also be found in sulphidic aquifers other than Frasassi. In this study, we examined this possibility by analysing niphargids of the genera Niphargus and Pontoniphargus collected from the partly sulphidic aquifers of the Southern Dobrogea region of Romania, which are accessible through springs, wells and Movile Cave. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed seven niphargid species in this region. Five of these species occurred occasionally or exclusively in sulphidic locations, whereas the remaining two were restricted to nonsulphidic areas. Thiothrix were detected by PCR on all seven Dobrogean niphargid species and observed using microscopy to be predominantly attached to their hosts' appendages. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Thiothrix epibionts fell into two main clades, one of which (herein named T4) occurred solely on niphargids collected in sulphidic locations. The other Thiothrix clade was present on niphargids from both sulphidic and nonsulphidic areas and indistinguishable from the T3 ectosymbiont clade previously identified on Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus. Although niphargids from Frasassi and Southern Dobrogea are not closely related, the patterns of their association with Thiothrix are remarkably alike. The finding of similar Niphargus-Thiothrix associations in aquifers located 1200 km apart suggests that they may be widespread in European groundwater ecosystems.

Description: Abstract: Peatlands are intensively exchanging greenhouse gases with the free atmosphere. Natural peatlands, mires, sequester carbon dioxide as carbon in the peat and emit methane. Peatlands under agriculture or forest are mostly drained and emit carbon dioxide due to peat mineralization and nitrous oxide due to fertilization and nitrogen mineralization. In order to characterize the actual situation and to evaluate measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions measured values on gas exchange are needed. Within two national projects direct measurements of the greenhouse gas exchange have been conducted on a wide range of sites, covering different peatland types, land use forms and hydrological situations and using a standardized methodology. Between 2007 and 2012 22 sites have been studied in Lower Saxony over at least two years using the closed cover method. An overview on sites and results is given. Moreover, approaches to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions due to peat excavation and horticultural peat use are presented. Own emission factors and data from literature are used to estimate the contribution of peatlands and peat use to the greenhouse gas emissions of Lower Saxony. Finally measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are discussed and estimates on reduction costs are given from examples.

Description: Zusammenfassung: Moore stehen in einem intensiven Gasaustausch mit der Atmosphäre. Natürliche Moore haben über Jahrtausende Kohlendioxid aufgenommen und den Kohlenstoff als Torf gespeichert. Dabei haben sie Methan abgegeben. Entwässerte und genutzte Moore setzen den Kohlenstoff als Kohlendioxid wieder frei und emittieren zudem klimarelevantes Lachgas als Ergebnis der Stickstoffdüngung und der Torfmineralisation. Zur Charakterisierung der Ist-Situation und zur Beurteilung von Maßnahmen ist es erforderlich, belastbare Daten über die Treibhausgasemissionen der Moore zu haben. Im Rahmen von zwei bundesweit angelegten Verbundvorhaben wurden an einer Vielzahl von Standorten unterschiedlichen Moortyps, unterschiedlicher Nutzung und unterschiedlicher Klima- und Wasserregime mit einer abgestimmten Methodik die Flüsse der wesentlichen Treibhausgase direkt gemessen. Im Rahmen dieser Verbundvorhaben wurden in Niedersachsen zwischen 2007 und 2012 an 22 Standorten mindestens zweijährige Messungen mit der Haubentechnik vorgenommen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über untersuchte Standorte und Messergebnisse. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze zur Ermittlung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus der industriellen Torfgewinnung dargestellt. Unter Verwendung eigener Ergebnisse und von Literaturdaten wird eine Abschätzung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Moor und Torfgewinnung für das Land Niedersachsen vorgenommen. Abschließend geht der Beitrag auf Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Mooren sowie beispielhaft auf Emissionsminderungskosten ein.

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Description: research

Description: STÄBLEIN, G.: Regionale Geomorphologie ; KERTESZ, A.: Geomorphologische Kartierung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in Ungarn. Ein Vergleich der Methodik ; BOLLMANN, I.: Geomorphologische Daten und kartographische Darstellung ; PACHUR, H.-J. & RÖPER, H.-P.: Geolimnologische Befunde des Berliner Raumes ; REMMELE, G.: Holozäne Morphodynamik an Schichtstufenhängen — Untersuchungen in Nordwest-Irland ; MÜLLER, MJ. & STRASSER, R.: Holozäne Geomorphodynamik und Landschaftsentwicklung am Ostrand der Trier-Luxemburger Mulde ; KLEBER, A.: Zur jungtertiären Reliefentwicklung im Vorland der südlichen Frankenalb ; HAMANN, C.: Windwurf als Ursache der Bodenbuckelung am Südrand des Tennengebirges, ein Beitrag zur Genese der Buckelwiesen ; ZÖLLER, L.: Neotektonik am Hunsrückrand ; SEPPÄLÄ, M.: Glazialhydrologie des Inlandeises, eine geomorphologische Interpretation der Verhältnisse in Finnland ; JÄKEL, D.: Untersuchungen und Analysen zur Entstehung der Hamada ; GARLEFF, K. & STINGL, H.: Neue Befunde zur jungquartären Vergletscherung in Cuyo und Patagonien ; STINGL, H. & GARLBFF, K.: Tertiäre und pleistozäne Reliefentwicklung an der interozeanischen Wasserscheide in Südpatagonien (Gebiet von Rio Turbio, Argentinien) ; SCHMIDT, K.H.: Nachweis junger Krustenbewegungen auf dem Colorado Plateau, USA ; KUHLE, M.: Zur Geomorphologie Tibets, Bortensander als Kennformen semiarider Vorlandvergletscherung . ; STÄBLEIN, G.: Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie ;

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, FU Berlin

Description: Abstract: In addition to the widespread use of peatlands for agricultural purposes, which is also common in other German states, the raised bogs in Lower Saxony are still also used up to the present day for housing, as well as for industrial peat extraction. The Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony launched in 1981 therefore only covered raised bogs to disentangle the different uses, and to systematise the nature protection activities in raised bogs. The priority areas for the extraction of peat defined in the Federal State Regional Planning Programme are to be rescinded. The new State Development Programme being formulated will not only include the nature conservation of peatlands, but also for the first time, deal with the climate protection afforded by these very important storage areas for carbon. An important aspect in this regard is the incorporation of fens, and the discharge from peatlands into underlying water bodies. The database and the conclusions which contribute to the implementation of climate protection in peatland conservation programmes, will be discussed and compared with the peatland conservation previously implemented pursuant to the Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony. An overview describes various approaches for peatland and climate protection implemented by private initiatives, nature conservation societies, EU-Life-Projects, contractual nature protection, publicly owned businesses and authorities in Lower Saxony, research projects on alternative uses, and climate certificate trading. These varied instruments are compared to highlight their relative areal effectiveness, and relevance, followed by an estimate of the potential for future peatland and climate protection in Lower Saxony.

Description: Zusammenfassung: Neben der auch in anderen Bundesländern weit verbreiteten landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Mooren werden die niedersächsischen Hochmoore bis heute auch als Siedlungsraum und zur industriellen Torfgewinnung genutzt. Daher umfasste das niedersächsische Moorschutzprogramm von 1981 nur die Hochmoore, um diese verschiedenen Nutzungen zu entflechten und den Naturschutz in Hochmooren zu systematisieren. Die bisher im Landesraumordnungsprogramm ausgewiesenen Vorranggebiete für die Rohstoffgewinnung von Torf sollen gestrichen werden. In ein neu aufzustellendes Landesentwicklungsprogramm soll neben dem Naturschutz von Mooren erstmalig auch der Klimaschutz dieser wichtigen Kohlenstoffspeicher eingehen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hierbei die Einbeziehung der Niedermoore und der Stoffaustrag aus Mooren in unterliegende Gewässer. Die Datengrundlagen und Schlussfolgerungen, die zur Implementierung des Klimaschutzes in den Moorschutz beitragen, werden diskutiert und mit dem bisher umgesetzten Moorschutz nach dem niedersächsischen Moorschutzprogramm verglichen. Ein Überblick beschreibt verschiedene Ansätze zum Moor- und Klimaschutz von Privatinitiativen, von Naturschutzverbänden, mit EU-Life-Projekten, im Vertragsnaturschutz, von niedersächsischen Landesbetrieben und Behörden, von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Nutzungen und beim Handel mit Klima-Zertifikaten. Diese unterschiedlichen Instrumente werden in ihrer Flächenwirksamkeit und Relevanz in Beziehung gesetzt und das Potenzial für den künftigen Moor- und Klimaschutz in Niedersachsen abgeschätzt.

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Description: research

Description: Kilka fish has been catch in Iranian coastal waters in Mazandaran and Giulan provinces. During in 1996 to 2000 Kilka fishing ships discharged theirs catch in three ports, Babolsar, Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Giulan). In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions, in addition of biological characteristics survey such as species composition, length, weight, age, sexual and stages of sexual maturity, catch amount and catch per unit effort also were analyzed .The results shown that catch of kilka in Mazandaran and Gilan in 1999decreased from 28 and 57 thousand tons to 19.6 and 42.6 thousand tons, respectively. CPUE also decreased from 3900 kg in 1999 to 2500 kg in 2000.Between three species of kilka, anchovy dominated but the frequency of this fish decreased from 85-90% to 76% and the frequency of common kilka sharply increased. Common kilka had been caught in spring and summer but in 2000 this fish caught all months. Anchovy spawn in spring and autumn but mass spawning anchovy occurred in autumn. Spawning of common kilka occurred in spring and early summer. The length frequency of anchovy is close and the bigger fish did not see in catch. The average length of anchovy decreased from 96.3 mm in 1997 to 87.3 mm in 2000.Theage frequency had the same situation, as fish with 5+ and 6+ were not or had very low frequency. According to the reports mass group of Mnemiopsis leydei saw in 2000 in south of the Caspian. The animal damaged the pelagic stocks in Black Sea. Probably Mnemiopsis caused this mentioned characteristics in the Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of propolis for the toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP) on histopathological changes in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CYP is one of the most toxic pyrethroids highly for the aquatic organisms. The fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of CYP (0.0041, 0.0082 and 0.0123 ppm). In addition, different concentrations of propolis (10, 20 and 30 ppm) were used in the investigation for the period of 96 h. Propolis was collected by honeybees from different plants to prevent oxidative damages as an antioxidant. The therapeutic concentration of propolis was determined at 10 ppm. 10 ppm propolis was added to three cypermethrin concentrations. Shorting the secondary lamellae , fusion of secondary lamellae, oedema, necrosis, vacuolization and cartilage damage in gill tissue of fish exposed to CYP were observed by histopatological analyses. Hepatic lesions in liver tissue of fish exposed to CYP were characterized as hydropic degeneration, necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and narrowing of sinusoids. The most common changes in muscle tissues at all concentrations of CYP were nuclear proliferation and congestion. Besides, 10 ppm propolis on gill, liver, muscle tissues of rainbow trouts showed significant therapeutic effects. Histological analysis revealed that propolis may serve as an antitoxic agent against pesticide toxicity.

Description: Published

Description: Length-based analyses were conducted to assess the stock of the green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus. Monthly carapace length frequency data were collected from commercial catches at two main landing sites on the Yemeni Red Sea coast for eight months. Growth parameters, mortalities, exploitation rate and yield per recruit were estimated for this species in this area. The estimated growth parameters were CL∞ = 44.65 mm, K = 1.2 yr-1 and to = -0.15 for males and CL∞ = 58.8 mm, K = 1.4 yr-1 and to = -0.12 for females. The natural mortality coefficient (M) was estimated as 2.19 yr-1 and 2.27 yr-1 for males and females respectively. The total mortality coefficient (Z) was 6.55 yr-1 for males and 5.63 yr-1 for females. The exploitation rate was 0.67 and 0.60 for males and females, respectively. Yield per recruit analysis showed that the current exploitation rate will result in higher stock biomass than the maximum exploitation rate.

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out to determine population structure, growth and reproduction properties of barbel. A total of 198 individuals were sampled. Ages of samples were found between I and VI years, fork lengths between 4.3 and 16.6 cm and total weights between 1.2 and 65.8 g. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0146×L2.934. Munro’s phi prime index was estimated as 1.95, L∞ as 26.42 cm W∞ as 216.92 g, and condition factor as 1.265±0.01. First sexual maturation was determined in 6.0-6.9 cm-group males, and second sexual maturity was recorded in 10.0-10.9 cm-group females. Individual fecundity was defined between 568 and 4171 eggs/female and relative fecundity was calculated as 64964.55±5855.49 eggs/kg female. Barbel did not show good growth and reproduction performance in the stream, because of fishing pressure.

Description: Published

Description: The grey mullet fingerling were imported to Iran in 1997 from Hong Kong and in coastal fish pond of north part of Iran were successfully cultured in order to obtain broodstocks and induce artificial reproduction. Seasonal changes in serum concentrations of Testosterone, 17-β Estradiole (E2), 17-α Hydroxy Progesterone and also the level of calcium, Triglyceride and cholesterol in females grey mullet in captivity were measured by Radioimmunoassay or colorimetry, respectively. Investigating of sex steroids in different sexual maturity indicated that increasing of oocyte diameter and sexual maturity development serum testosterone was increased significantly (P〈0.05). Although Biochemical parameters concentrations in blood serum of grey mullet diminished significantly until third stage of sexual maturity (P〈 0.05), their level showed a rising trend at the fourth stage. A significant increase was observed in the serum protein and cholesterol concentrations (P〈0.05), while, in contrast, serum Calcium ion and triglyceride levels didn’t have significant differences in third and fourth stages of sexual development (P〉 0.05). These results suggest that the seasonal changes in serum lipids and gonadal steroids were associated with reproductive development. The data also support the hypothesis that the shortening photoperiod is a major factor in stimulating reproductive activity in striped mullet.

Description: Published

Description: The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of artemia enriched with lipid emulsions containing highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and survival of juvenile freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. Juvenile crayfish were fed artemia enriched with commercial emulsions (red pepper and olio ω3) and un-enriched artemia (control). The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level was found in artemia enriched with olio ω3 (3.17 %) and the highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was found in artemia enriched with red pepper (3.56 %). The weight gain, specific growth, and survival rates of juvenile crayfish increased with increasing amount of EPA and DHA in dietary artemia respectively (0.04%, 2.32% ). Finally, the juveniles fed with artemia enriched with olio ω3 and red pepper had a better weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival than those fed with un-enriched artemia (p〈0.05).

Description: Published

Description: In this study, fertilization, hatching and deformation rate of the eggs, and larvae obtained from hormone injected (HI) and non-injected broodstock (NHI), were determined. In the experiment, no differences were observed in the groups’ fertilization rates (p〉0.05). Hatching rate was found higher in the HI group (p〈0.05). During the experiment, malformations such as spinal fluid accumulation, saddleback, air-bladder deformation and general body deformations were observed in both groups. For the NHI group, saddleback rate was found 5.13±0.55 %, air-bladder deformation rate was found 1.43±0.13%, spinal fluid accumulation was found 2.33±1.33% and general body deformation rate was found 3.76±0.23 % (p〈0.05). As a result, it was determined that the deformation rate increased with hormone injection (p〈0.05).

Description: Published

Description: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of diets supplemented with different lipid sources on growth performance, body composition, fatty acid profile, and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (initial mean weight, 1.1±0.02g). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with either fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) or a mixture of SO and LO (SO+LO). The results showed that survival, weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of black sea bream were not affected by dietary lipid sources (p〉0.05). Liver and muscle of fish fed the SO diet had high concentration of linoleic acid, while those of fish fed the LO diet were high in linolenic acid. Liver and muscle of fish fed the FO diet had significantly (p〈0.05) higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, compared to fishes fed the SO and LO diets. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activities in liver of black sea bream were not influenced by dietary lipid sources. Our findings suggest that SO and/or LO can be used as a substitute for FO in black sea bream diets without adverse effects on growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activity, when the essential fatty acid requirements are present in diets for black sea bream.

Description: Published

Description: The harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic animals, due to ozone layer reduction, have been long studied in recent years. Exposure of Rainbow Trout larvae (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) at different doses (68.75 µw/cm2 and 94.83 µw/cm2 as the minimum and maximum dose of UV-B in natural environment respectively) for 15 minutes once a day in dark condition in comparison to control group (without any solar or UV) showed a wide variety of body abnormalities and eye damages. Body curvature, yolk sac edema, fin blistering, dwarfism, eye and head abnormalities as morphological malformations were revealed during the experiment, none of the malformations were observed in control group. Histopathological changes in retina such as irregular and discontinues pigmented epithelium, necrosis of photoreceptors and degeneration of nucleus layers confirmed the destructive effects of UV-B radiation in the eyes of Rainbow Trout. Such changes in larvae can be valid as bio-indicator for pollution and UV radiation and also introduce fishes as model for toxicological studies.

Description: Published

Description: In the present study, we identified free amino acid (FAA) contents and chemical composition in four populations of Salmo trutta macrostigma living in Mediterranean region of Turkey. In addition, taste impacts of FAAs were evaluated by taste active values. Moisture, protein, fat and ash content were found in the ranges of 75.49 - 79.59 %, 16.94 - 19.97 %, 1.58 - 3.75 % and, 1.39 - 1.56 %, respectively. While the significant difference (p〈.05) were found among the different populations in moisture, protein and lipid content, no significant (p〉.05) differences in ash content was determined. Thirteen FAAs were identified from the muscle tissue of S. trutta macrostigma by HPLC. The Glycine was found predominant as followed by methionine, proline, and glutamic acid. Also, the amount of non-essential free amino acids in S. trutta macrostigma muscle were significantly (p〈.05) higher than the essential amino acids. Glutamic acid, methionin, glycine, aspartic acid and lysine were of high taste activity values (greater than one), they had strong taste impacts on the mountain trout meat flavour.

Description: Published

Description: In this study, quantitive characteristics and chemical composition of in roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) sperm were investigated. Sperm traits included sperm movement duration, percentage of motile spermatozoa, sperm density, spermatocrit and sperm volume. Some seminal plasma characteristics (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride) were investigated. In addition, some metabolites of seminal plasma (glucose, cholesterol and protein) were measured. The Na+ and K+ ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r = -0.0518, p〈.05 and r =-0.3597, p〈.01) respectively. Also, there were significant positive correlations between Ca2+ and Cl- ions with spermatozoa motility (r = 0.2945, p〈.05 and r= 0.1379, p〈.01), respectively. Mg+2 was positively correlated with glucose and protein (r = 0.046, p〈.05 and r = 0.694, p〈.05), respectively. On the other hand, a significant positive relationship was found between Na+ and K+ (r = 0.548, p〈.01). These parameters can be used to evaluation of sperm quality and collecting information about developing procedures for artificial fertilization of roach.

Description: Published

Description: The "Stock Assessment of Mesopelagic Resources (Myctophids)" project was carried out in the Oman Sea during 15 mounths. In this period, 7 cruises were done and by carrying out 100 hauls, the necessary biological data were collected. It should be mentioned that the studied area was restricted from Rasokuh (57°00' E/25°10'N) in west to Gwatar (61°25'E/25°48'N) in East and water border line of Iran and Oman in South. The Benthosema pterotum was identified as dominant species, This species lives in two different layers, namely D1 (80-130 m) and 02 (250-350 m), during daytime, and before sunset, migrating towards the surface and forms N1 layer. The results show that B. pterotum spawns throughout the year, with 2 peaks, in the end of summer, and end of winter. Myctophids are Zoophague, and Hairtails and Squids, are their main predators.

Description: Published

Description: The King soldier bream Argyrops spinifer at Arabian Sea (Omani waters) was assessed using Beverton and Holt yield per recruit model. A total of 5520 specimens were collected during five trawl surveys between September 2007 and August 2008. The maximum life span was 11 years for length range of 11.0 – 62.1 cm TL. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were K = 0.22 year-1, L∞ = 65.51 cm, to = -0.75 year and W∞ = 5430g. The rates of total mortality Z, natural mortality M and fishing mortality F were 0.85, 0.26 and 0.59 year-1 respectively. The exploitation ratio E was 0.69 indicating the high level of exploitation. The estimated total length at 50% maturity was 31.8 cm. Yield per recruit analysis revealed over-fished stock conditions particularly because small fish are effectively unprotected by current minimum size regulations. Therefore measures such as closed seasons or changes in fishing patterns would be desirable to safeguard the spawning stock and recruits. Also, the commercial fishery of Arabian Sea, Oman should be subjected to a total allowable catch and a maximum size limit be implemented.

Description: Published

Description: In this study, the reproductive biology of chub population in Hafik Lake was investigated. 242 samples were caught between April and November 2009. The age of S. cephalus samples were found to range between I-VIII in addition, 153 of them were female and 89 were male. Their fork lengths changed between 114-332 mm, and body weights were between 22.5 and 550.3 g. Male specimens were determined to reach sexual maturity at II and III age, while females reached at III and IV years of age. The smallest female individual at sexual maturity had 114 mm of fork length and 27.3 g, while the smallest male at sexual maturity had 118 mm of fork length and 24.2 g. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female specimens were found highest in April (12.33, 8.02) and May (8.37, 4.64) and minimum in August (2.39, 1.22). Egg diameters of chub individuals were measured between 343 µm and 1900 µm. The egg number in per one gram ovary was maximum in August, and minimum in April and May. S. cephalus was determined to lay eggs in Hafik Lake towards the end of April, which continued until the end of July. Maximum fecundity in population was observed as 151302 in the specimen at the age of VI.

Description: Published

Description: The family Sepiolidae comprises over 50 species in 14 genera. They are commonly known as bobtail squids with a worldwide distribution from tropical to temperate and sub-polar latitudes of all oceans (Nateewathana, 1997; Aungtonya et al., 2011). Euprymna hyllebergi belongs to the Sepiolidae family and Sepiolinae subfamily. This species has a wide distribution in the Eastern Indian Ocean, and has been recorded up to the depth of 47 meters in Andaman Sea, Thailand (Jereb and Roper, 2005). The family Sepiolidae, includes all bobtail squids with kidney-shape fins little is known about their biology, but they are common in tropical, temperate and sub polar waters of all oceans (Jereb and Roper, 2010). This is the first record of the bobtail squid, E. hyllebergi from the Persian Gulf. On 27th of March 2013 during a Scuba diving session in Persian Gulf (Figure 1, coordinates: 54° 49’39.5”E, 26° 26’ 55.3”N) about 200 eggs of E.hyllebergi were collected at the depth of 40 meters in northern Persian Gulf. The eggs (Fig. 2a) were transferred to the Persian Gulf Shellfishes Research Center laboratory for further incubation and hatching.

Description: Published

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Among 13 fish species observed in Hamoon Lagoon, Chah-Nimeh of Hamoon basin and open water sources, Hamoon Mahi (Schizothorax zarudnyi) is one of the most valuable economic species in Sistan basin. This study performed during October 2001 to September 2002. Totally 697 Schizo/horax zarudnyi were examined, including 403 females and 294 males. Length and weight variation of samples were 24.5-62. I cm and 137-2204 g, respectively. The most weight and length frequency in samples were 500-600g and 35-40 cm. The GSI value has significant difference in males and females (p 〈%l). During June and February the minimum and maximum mean of GSI in female fish was 0 77% and 9.298%, respectively. The minimum and maximum mean of GSI value in males was 0.82% and 662%, which observed during July and February, respectively. During March and April, these items gradually reduced and has .no significant difference. The HSI increased before increasing of GSI. In females and males, HSI, increased during October to March and October to February, respectively. During significant increase in GSI (after September), the CF value was less than 1%. It was increased during March to June. There was significant difference in GI value between male and female fishes. The minimum of GI mean in males and females was 4.7% and 4.615% respectively, in February. In June, when exogenous feeding began, the maximum of GI mean observed which was 857% and 9.16% in males and females, respectively. The mean absolute and relative fecundity in fish weighing 460g to 1380g was 26256 and 34418 eggs, respectively. Fish weight has the most correlation coefficient with absolute fecundity(r = 0.64). The Lm50 in male and female fishes was 29-31 cm and 38-40 cm, respectively the correlation between lengths and weight in males and females were 0946 and 0.965, respectively. In probability level of 0.99, the sex ratio of male / female was not near to expected rate (l : l), Sexual maturation was divided into 6 separated phases. In March, female fishes show the most prevalence of phase IV of sexual maturation. In April, the prevalence of phase IV reduced and phase VI of sexual maturation increased, In female fishes which caught in Chah-Nimeh of sistan, phase V of sexual maturation was not observed. From May, phase [V of sexual maturation had not been observed and phase VI . had the most frequency (66%), after that phase II had the most frequency (about 33%). Ln male fishes, the most frequency of IV was observed in February (850/0), it was reduced to 70% in March and phase V of sexual maturation revealed (30%). In May, the ovaries of matured fishes examined and indicated one group of oocyte with less than 400g diameter. This trend continued till August (temperature was 22.31 Oc — 23.24Oc and length of day was 12.5-13.5 h ). In October, another group of oocyte having more than 500g diameter and new characteristics, appeared in ovary. The trend of oocyte growth continued that in March and April reached to its maximum rate (1600-2200g). Regarding many investigated indices, Hamoon Mahi is an Iteroparous species showing a synchronous ovary development and single spawner. It reveals the highest sexual maturity during March and April at 14-18 Oc. It is migratory Potamodromous species. That in March and April, during no flow water periods in the river and absence of migration of fishes to flowing waters: gonad in females are damage and resorbed

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: One grotesque catfish specimen was collected in Zhangjiang River (upper reach of a secondary tributary of Hongshuihe River) in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. This specimen bears surprising character of four dorsal fins, which have not appeared in any other silurid fishes. But other morphological characters, such as two pairs of barbels, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw, the first dorsal fin with one un-branched ray and 4 branched rays, mouth cleft shallow, anterior spine margin of pectoral spine prominently serrated, vomerine tooth band continuous across midline, show much similarities with that of Silurus asotus. This result supports that this variant originated from S. asotus for some special causations. The present study provided description and comparison with S. asotus.

Description: Published

Description: The present study explored the embryonic and larval development of an endangered fish species Nandus nandus and resolved larval growth performances with the dietary supplementation of different types of lipids. Fertilized eggs were collected from fiber glass tanks immediately after spontaneous spawning of N. nandus, which were fed with a 1% phospholipid (squid meal) supplemented diet for 3 months. Fertilized eggs were transparent, spherical, yellowish and sticky in nature. The first cleavages of eggs were observed 0.3±0.01 h post fertilization at 26oC water temperature. Hatching started around 18 h post - fertilization and newly hatched larvae were found to be 1.2±0.1 mm in length. First feeding started 64.0±0.30 h post hatching. After rearing for 10 days, they were divided into 4 groups and separately fed with only dry tubificid worms, 1% docosahexaenoic (DHA) supplemented with dry tubificid worm, 1% phospholipid supplemented with dry tubificid worm and live tubificid worms as treatment I, treatment II, treatment III and treatment IV, respectively. After 50 days of the trial, larvae of treatment II showed significantly (p〈0.01) higher growth performances in length: 3.18±0.13 cm, weight: 339.8 ± 36.94 mg and survival rate: 78±2 % which were comparable to that of treatment IV, which showed the highest (p〈0.01) length of 3.4±0.1 cm, weight of 406.6±27.99 mg and survival rate of 97±1 %. Larvae in treatment I showed the lowest growth performances in length: 2.73 ± 0.16 cm, weight: 259.8±29.97 mg and survival rate of 63±3 %. As this is the first record for the determination of embryonic and larval development of N. nandus with different lipid supplemented diets, it might be possible to save this endangered fish species by adopting this technology at field level.

Description: Published

Description: The study and research of abundance and diversity variation of fish larva (Ichthyoplankton stages) was done in Gowatr Bay during autumn 2006 - summer 2007. Five stations were selected for sampling, and Bongo-Net with 300µ mesh size was towing from bottom to surface. During of survey, totally 531 larvae belong to 11 families were collected and identified. The mean abundance estimated 12.17 larvae per 10 m2, which three fish larva family including: Gobiidae, Clupeidae and Engraulidae were dominant (86% of relative abundance). The result showed that there was significant differences between pre and post-monsoon fish larvae abundances (p〈.05), and there were not significant differences between stations (p〉.05). In pre-monsoon 4 families were identified of which Clupeidae introduced as indicator group, whereas in post-monsoon 10 families were identified and Gobiidae was indicator family, accompany with increase of diversity. PCA result was shown, temperature as the main factor affected on fish larvae assemblage was found with a significant decrease of 11.9 °C after monsoon phenomenon.

Description: Published

Description: The objective of this study was to contribute to investigate the efficacy of letrozole, a potent non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, on serum sex steroid levels and oocyte growth in rainbow trout females. Serum steroid levels were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and 22 days after an initial injection with 1, 2.5 mg kg-1 and subsequent weekly injection with 2.5 mg kg-1letrozole. After the last blood collection, gonad tissues were removed and oocyte diameter and GSI were determined. In all groups treated with letrozole, serum 17β- esteradiol levels (E2) decreased significantly and inversely serum 17α-20ß dihydroxy-4 pregnen- 3- one (17α-20ß-P), testosterone(T) levels increased significantly from 6 to 96 h after injection (p〈0.05). The lowest E2 levels, oocyte diameter and GSI were measured in the group treated weekly with 2.5 mg kg-1 letrozole (p〈0.05). This study demonstrates that letrozole has the potential to interfere in the synthesis of endogenous estrogens from androgens and delay gonadal development.

Description: Published

Description: Age determination and feeding habits of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus, was carried out in the northern Oman Sea (Chabahar area), based on 212 specimens collected between September 2009 and May 2010. The minimum and maximum fork length and body weight were measured as 145, 258 mm and 55.31, 288.12 g. The relationship between Body Weight (BW) and Fork Length (FL) for all individuals was estimated as BW= 0.0001×FL2.83 (r2 = 0.9425, n= 212). The Vacuity Index (VI) was 55.2% that shows N. japonicus is a moderate feeder. The maximum and minimum Gastro-Somatic Index for males was in autumn and winter seasons and for females were in summer and spring. The Food Preference Indices were estimated as: crustacean (63.2%) as main food fishes (38.9%) and molluscs (36.8%) as minor food. Age determination was done by otolith sectioning. A total of 135 sagitta were sectioned. The maximum age was 5+ years old for a female with FL= 256 mm and the youngest one was 1 year old for a female with FL= 145 mm. Based on obtained results there is a significant relationship between feeding and age namely with increase of age, the feeding rate is decreased without any changes in type of feeding and food contents.

Description: Published

Description: This study estimated the length-weight relationship, sex ratio and population parameters of mantis shrimp, Harpiosquilla harpax from the coastal waters of Pantai Remis, Perak, Malaysia between February 2012 and October 2012. Total length and weight of 804 specimens of H. harpax were measured and the sex ratio was 1: 0.83 (M: F). Males of H. harpax were dominant over the females throughout the study period. The value of relative growth coefficient (b) for H. harpax was 2.698 for males and 2.884 for females. For the length-weight relationship, the species exhibited negative allometric growth for males, females and combined sexes. The L∞ and K of H. harpax was 18.38 cm and 1.10 yr-1 for males and 21.53 cm and 0.75 yr-1 for females. The growth performance index (φ') was calculated as 2.57 for males and 2.54 for females. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality and fishing mortality was found to be 4.084 yr-1, 2.247 yr-1 and 1.837 yr-1 for males whereas 3.259 yr-1, 1.674 yr-1, 1.585 yr-1 for females, respectively. The recruitment pattern of the species was continuous throughout the year for males and females. The exploitation level (E) of H. harpax was estimated at 0.449 for males and 0.486 for females. It is revealed that the stock of H. harpax was very close to optimum level of exploitation (E = 0.50) in the coastal waters of Pantai Remis, Perak, Malaysia.

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of vitamins E (25, 30 and 35 mg kg-1), Folic Acid (1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg kg-1) and their combination on the growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Each diet was fed to rainbow trout in triplicate to apparent satiation four times daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the final body weight (FBW), total length (TL), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate were significantly affected by treatments and the fish fed with the diet containing 35 mg kg-1 vitamin E plus 2.5 mg kg-1 of folic acid had higher values than those fish fed with the other diets. The results also indicated that hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly influenced by the treatments. Lysozyme and immunoglobulin (IgM) concentrations were significantly influenced by the dietary treatments, fish fed with the diet supplemented with 30 mg kg-1 of vitamin E plus 2 mg kg-1 of folic acid and unsupplemented diet had higher concentrations than those fish fed with the other diets. The findings of this study suggested that trout requires 35 mg kg-1 vitamin E and 2.5 mg kg-1 folic acid for it’s normal growth and physiology.

Description: Published

Description: This report describes the histopathological features of an ossifying epulis, measuring 1.5 × 1 × 1 cm in length, width and height, respectively, on the lingual surface of the lower jaw of a 2.5 year-old parrot cichlid (Hoplarchus psittacus) from a commercial aquarium. The tumor had appeared in the oral cavity three months prior to its introduction to the laboratory for diagnosis. Grossly, the neoplastic mass was pale-tan with a shiny, smooth surface and coalescing areas of hemorrhage. Microscopically, the overlying epithelium was hyperplastic and extended deeply into the underlying stroma. The stroma consisted of well vascularized collagenous tissue and neoplastic fibroblasts associated with irregular cords and islands of mineral deposition as dentin-like materials confirmed by Masson's trichrome and Goldner's trichrome staining.

Description: Published

Description: This study focuses on Anguilliformes specimens revising which collected during 2006-08 in some Iranian museums. For this study, all museum samples from Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were investigated. The results indicated that species diversity in the Iranian waters can be classified into six families of Anguiliformes (Eels and Morays fishes). A total of 11 species - consisting of six families have been identified, of these the highest species diversity belongs to the Muraenidae with five genus and eight species. Also, there were two endemic species Muraenesox cienerus (Muraenesocidae) and Gymnothorax undulates (Muraenidae). More than ten rare species were the first report and record from Iranian territorial waters. There are Ichthyapus acuticeps, Synaphobranchus affinis, Strophidon sathete, Rhynomuraena quaestia, Gymnothorax johnsoni, G.kidako, Muraenesox bagio, Pseudoxenomystax albescens, Muraenesox talabonoides, and Conger cinereus cinereus.

Description: Published

Description: In this study, the effects of different light regimes on the reproductive activity of a typical Indo- Pacific coral reef rabbitfish, Siganus sutor, were evaluated. Forty- five adult fish were exposed to nine different photoperiod (8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, 16L: 8D) and light intensity (1000, 2000, 3000 lux) combinations with three replicates and five other fishes reared under indoor light condition (Control). Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) were calculated after 60 days and compared among different experimental regimes in males and females. In the control group, GSI and HSI mean values were 4.67 and 3.24%, respectively, for females and 10.05 and 2.10%, respectively, for males, and these fish showed differences in comparison with the exposed fish. Females kept under 1000 and 2000 lux light intensities had a higher GSI mean value (9.26 and 10.39%, respectively) and also lower average HSI (2.10 and 2.31%, respectively) in 16L: 8D treatment. A similar result was also obtained for males, whereas the 3000 lux light intensity, 8L: 16D day length combination led to more gonadal development (GSIs of 16.41% in females and 12.03% in males). A comparison of results among different photoperiods also confirmed that maturation was induced better in fish maintained under 16L: 8D in both sexes. This investigation revealed the visible role of both photoperiod and light intensity on inducing maturity in the whitespotted rabbitfish, S. sutor. Thus, rearing of adults exposed to an artificial light regime, including 16L: 8D and 2000 lux light intensity, promotes more gonadal development than that occurring in the wild.

Description: Published

Description: The study aimed to investigate the maturation process of ovarian follicles and ovary structure of migratory form of female Bulatmai barbel (Lucioarbus capito). The histology of oogenesis coincided with that known from most teleosts. The ovarian structure was found to be cytovarian. The development of the oocytes is started from early May along with spawning and the degeneration of matured oocytes. The oocytes’ development continues during summer and early fall and the ovary undergoes a dormant period in fall and winter. In the next spring, the next phase of oocyte development started along with the rising of water-temperature. During May and June the development of the oocytes is completed and the final maturation can occur if the environmental conditions are suitable. The Gonadosomatic Index values show a concordance with the oocyts maturation in the ovaries. The reproductive strategy, with long spawning periods during spawning season, found to be batch spawner with asynchronous oogenesis pattern. The results show that it can be matured while captivity.

Description: Published

Description: This study was aimed to monitor water pullution of Uzuncayir Dam Lake using the changes of IL-6, IL1β and TNF-α levels in Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) liver tissue at ten stations in March and September 2011. In this study C. umbla (Heckel, 1843) was used as the indicator organism. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlekuin1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined in samples of the liver tissue by ELISA kit. The lowest mean IL-1β levels were found at station 6. The mean IL-1β was reached its maximum level at station 2. The difference between the mean levels of IL-6 was found to be significant (p〈0.05) amoung stations. The IL-6 levels were significantly increased in September at stations 1, 2, 7 and 8 (p〈0.01) compared to the values in March. The mean levels of TNF-α were found to be significant (p〈0.05) amoung stations. The TNF-α levels significantly decreased in September at stations 1 and 9 (p〈0.01). TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in C. umbla can be used as early diagnostic indicators against adverse environmental events and useful and reliable bioindicators in determining the pollution of the aquatic ecosystem

Description: Published

Description: Along the plant ingredients, rendered animal protein sources such as blood meal, meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal have potential to be replaced by fishmeal in rainbow trout feed. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to determine the effect of full replacement of fishmeal by poultry by-products meal (PBM) on fish performance, nutrient digestibility and also liver characteristics in rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of PBM at 0 (control diet), 33 (PBM33), 66 (PBM66) or 100% (PBM100), respectively. The four treatments were randomly assigned to each of 12 tanks, having three replicates for each treatment. Rainbow trout juveniles with an average initial weight of 50±0.42g were reared for two months. The fish gained lower weight and specific growth rate at PBM 66% and 100%. FCR was recorded larger for rainbow trout feeding on PBM 66% and 100% in comparison to PBM 33% and control diets (p〈0.05). The whole exchange of fishmeal by PBM (PBM100%) reduced dry matter, fat and protein digestibility (p〈0.05). An increase in PBM content of diet also resulted in larger fat content of the fish liver (p〈0.05). Body fat content reduced and moisture content increased by increasing PBM level (p〈0.05). In conclusion, PBM can be included in rainbow trout feed as an alternative for fishmeal up to 33%. A larger fat content of liver at PBM 100% may indicate a negative impact of PBM on rainbow trout health at full replacement level.

Description: Published

Description: A 60-days growth trial was conducted in a flow-through culture system to examine the effects of different dietary vitamin C and iron levels on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (with average initial weight of 5.12 ± 0.02 g). Three levels of vitamin C (150, 200 and 250 mg kg-1 diet) and iron (5, 7 and 9 mg kg-1 diet) (as ferrous sulfate) and their combination were used to prepare diets used in nine experimental treatments with three replicates. The results revealed that the supplementation of basal diet with vitamin C and iron significantly affected the final body weight (FBW), total length (TL), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR). Among the haematological parameters haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly influenced by vitamin C and iron. Results also showed that lysozyme and IgM concentrations significantly changed among dietary treatments. Based on the results of this study, it can be conclude that addition of vitamin C and iron to the basal diet of cultured rainbow trout will improve the growth rate and well-being of this fish.

Description: Published

Description: A thermoplastically extruded snack was produced from different blends of corn grits and silver carp minced meat. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of fish meat content and to optimize the feed composition. Fourteen treatments from central composite design considering minced fish content (0-3 kg) and corn (7-10 kg) were used as the independent variables. The expansion ratio, protein content, fish odour, and overall acceptability were the dependent variables. Fish odour, linear distance and protein content of puffed corn-fish snack increased significantly with fish content while the expansion ratio significantly decreased (p〈0.05). The optimum formulation was obtained at 15% of minced fish.

Description: Published

Description: This study aimed to investigate otolith in Rachycentron canadum in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from March 2014 to April 2015 in Khouzestan to Sistan and Baloochestan waters. During this period 30 specimens of R. canadum were caught and studied. Trawling time was 2-2½ hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. All the fish were identified and their otolith was extracted for verification. Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) were conducted. Otolith in R. canadum was small, with average stretch and low thickness. We conclude that the otolith appearance and morphometry can be used as a key to identify the species.

Description: Published

Description: Salted Kutum roe was prepared by soaking in brine to a traditional procedure. Proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid, pH, ash and salt content), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), fatty acid profiles and microbiological characteristics of raw and salted roe of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) were determined. The results indicated that protein and moisture contents were significantly higher in raw roe compared to salted one (28.81 and 61.07% to 23.99 and 51.57%, respectively). Significant differences in ash and salt contents were obtained among different treatments. TVB-N in all samples was less than 25mg/100g. The gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the major saturated fatty, monounsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, and 22:6n-3, respectively. Aerobic plate count (APC) and Total Coliform Count (TC) in all samples were significantly higher (p〈0.05) in raw roe (5.33 logCFU/g and 210 MPN/g) compared to salted roe (1.23 log CFU/g and 1.2 MPN/g). None of the samples contained Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens or yeast.

Description: Published

Description: Coastal region of Chah Bahar port, Sea of Oman, was screened for the presence of bioluminescence bacteria for the first time. Water samples were taken from surface and subsurface layers and immediately spread on nutrient seawater complete (SWC) agar. Luminous colonies were observed after an overnight incubation at 25°C. Among twenty luminous isolates, four of them were selected for preliminary bacterial identification based on morphological and physiological characteristics. 16S rRNA genes of selected bacteria were then sequenced in order to be submitted in GeneBank database as new strains and performing phylogenetic analysis. Four different submitted bacterial strains are as follow, Vibrio sp. Persian 1, Vibrio sp. Persian 2, Vibrio sp. Persian 3, and Vibrio sp. Persian 4 with accession numbers of KC505639, KC765088, KC765089, and KC896417, respectively. Light emission of isolated luminous bacteria was measured using luminometer. Vibrio sp. Persian 1was found as the best light emitter with counts per second/OD 600 nm equal to 10 × 10 6 RLU/Sec/OD. Isolated Vibrio species were tested for their ability to form biofilm. Vibrio sp. Persian 3 showed weak ability to produce biofilm while other species were considered as moderate biofilm producers.

Description: Published

Description: A biological study was conducted to find out about reproduction and feeding of G. lacustris in Neur Lake from northwest mountains of Iran. Plankton diversity, hydro-chemical factors and substrate characteristic were recorded monthly. Findings showed that reproduction period of this species was short and limited to May and the mean brood size was 10.2 ± 5.3 eggs per female. The hydro-chemical analysis showed the eutrophic characteristic of Neur Lake in which the average of total organic matter was 3.7 ± 3.0 percent. The phyla representative Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were observed throughout the study and Chlorophyta was the dominant group. Three zooplankton phyla Rotatoria, Ciliophora and Copepoda were abundant respectively. Study on diet using gut content resulted in identification of 15 plankton genera with some resemblance to planktons of the lake.

Description: Published

Description: Monthly samples of six fish farms from January 2010 to December 2010 in the northern Iran, Haraz River, were used to determine relationship between chemical parameters of main water, inlet and outlet and their effects on fish growth and production. Results revealed that concentration of nutrients in outlet was more than that of inlet of farms and statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between stations (p〈0.05). The amount of phosphate in upstream farms was lower than that of downstream. There was statistically significant difference between nitrite nitrates, concentrations in different months. Total sulphide, phosphate and ammonium in inlets were 0.002±0.009 (mg/l), 0.215±0.113 (mg/l) and 0.022±0.018 (mg/l) respectively. In outlets there was 0.003±0.009 mg/l sulphide, 0.302±0.193 mg/l phosphate and 0.037±0.026 mg/l ammonium. Ammonium concentration, showed no significant difference (p〉0.05) in different months Correlation between daily growth, SGR, FCR, production and chemical parameters of water were analyzed by Pearson Correlation. The results revealed negative correlation (α= 0.01) between nitrite and daily growth (P=0.004, Pearson Correlation=-0.24), ammonium and SGR (P=0.0001, Pearson Correlation=-0.272), although there were no correlation for FCR, and nutritional parameters (p〉0.05).

Description: Published

Description: This paper examines the changes in the population biology and biomass of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 1995-2004. For most years during this 10-year period, we estimated the age structure of the catch, length-weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stages determined from ovarian analysis, natural and fishing mortality, age at first capture and biomass. Growth parameters were estimated as L¥=132mm, K=0.259/yr, t0=-1.285/yr. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated at 0.506/yr and the instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality varied during the 10-year period between 0.125/yr to 1.487/yr. Biomass of the common kilka increased from about 16,000mt in 1995 to more than 41,000mt in year of 2002. This increase in common kilka was simultaneous with a sharp decline in anchovy kilka, changes in zooplankton abundance and composition, and especially increase in zooplankton species used by common kilka. We concluded that at the present time, the stock of common kilka is being over-fished.

Description: Published

Description: It has been found that appropriate probiotic applications increased growth performance and disease resistance in shrimp. Bacillus subtilis has been suggested as a potent probiotic in improving growth performance and enhancing immune response in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible effect of B. subtilis administration on the meat fatty acid profile of white shrimp, L. vannamei. Two groups of shrimps received B. subtilis strains L10 and G1 from the B. subtilis-supplemented feed (105 and 108 CFU g-1) while two other groups received it from the rearing water (105 and 108 CFU ml-1). One group received no B. subtilis and served as control. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the muscle fatty acid profiles of shrimps administrated by probiotic and control group. This study showed that B. subtilis administration, in either diets or water, did not have any negative effect on fatty acid profiles of L. vannamei meat.

Description: Published

Description: Sea cucumber catch has followed “boom-and-bust” patterns over the period of 60 years from 1950-2010, and sea cucumber fisheries have had important ecological, economic and societal roles. However, sea cucumber fisheries have not been explored systematically, especially in terms of catch change trends. Sea cucumbers are relatively sedentary species. An attempt was made to explore whether the time series analysis approach (exponential smoothing models and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models) is also applicable to relatively sedentary species. This study was conducted to develop exponential smoothing and ARIMA models to predict the short-term change trends (2011-2020), according to the time series data for 1950-2010 collected from the FAO Fishstat Plus database. The study results show that the single exponential smoothing and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) models are best for predicting sea cucumber short-term catches, and the predictive powers of both models are good. However, the accuracies of the models would be better if the data quality was resolved and the variables influencing sea cucumber capture production were fully considered.

Description: Published

Description: Some reproduction aspects of the "doctor fish", Cyprinion macrostomum, were examined for the first time from the Tigris River drainage. A total of 316 specimens were caught from Gamasiab River in western Iran, at monthly intervals throughout the year from January to December 2013. Age, sex ratio, fecundity, oocytes diameter, gonado‑somatic (GSI), modified gonado‑somatic (MGSI) and Dobriyal (DI) indices were estimated. Regression analyses were used to find relations between fecundity and fish size (length and weight), gonad weight, and age. Sex ratio differed significantly from unity, and the percentage of males was greater than that of females. The mature females and males were longer than 108 mm and 94 mm in total length (+2 and +1 in age, respectively). The GSI ranged between 0.09-2.94% and 1.70-15.53% for males and females, respectively. Gonad indices showed spawning took place from May to August, when the water temperature was 16 to 24 °C. The average diameter of the oocytes ranged from 0.2 mm to 1.7 mm, in the spawning season. The averages of absolute and relative fecundity (relative to body weight) were 3642.51 eggs (SD ±1219.92) and of 55.04 (SD ±14.12) per gram body weight, respectively. The absolute fecundity was significantly related to body weight and ovary weight.

Description: Published

Description: Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Hilsa Shad, Tenualosa ilisha from the Persian Gulf and rivers of Khouzestan Province of Iran were analyzed. A total of 485 fish were sampled by gillnet from landing center of Arvand (AR) and Bahmanshir (BR) rivers during period of April 2010 to September 2010. Reproductive characteristic of T.ilisha showed that sex ratio is M: F=1:2, in PG, AR and BR. This means that females predominate than males. Monthly variations in Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of both sexes were quite apparent. In PG, maximum values were recorded in April for male and female. In AR and BR, maximum values were recorded in June and May for male and female, respectively. Changes in GSI indices are considered as a proof that maturation season in AR and BR is started from March and spawning is started from April to July in AR and BR is started from March to August. The Length - Weight relationship was measured for PG as W= 1.459L2.687, AR and BR as W=2.189L3.166 and W=1.840L2.937, respectively.

Description: Published

Description: The influence of two types of resistant starches (RS2 and RS4) substituted at 10 and 20% in the batter formulation on the water retention capacity of the batter and on the texture, color, fat content and microstructure of the pre-fried and oven cooked breaded black pomfret fillets (Parastromateus niger) were studied. A significant (p〈.05) increase of water retention capacity (3-7%) was found in all batters with RS as compared to the control, which was reflected in the moisture content of the breaded fillets. The addition of the resistant starches significantly (p〈.05) decreased the fat content of the breaded fillets. Instrumental texture analysis showed that the presence of the RS in the batter also resulted in a significant increase in hardness and fracturability of the products. The L* and b* values of breading materials were increased in the samples containing 20% of RS.

Description: Published

Description: The effect of five isonitrogenous diets (36.6% protein), formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal (FM) with rice protein concentrate (RPC), was investigated on the growth and tail-muscle fatty acid (FA) quality of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The feeds were fed to shrimp (initial weight of 6.99 ± 0.08 g) five times daily to apparent satiation for 60 days. Final weight of shrimp fed with FM, 25 and 50% RPC was higher than that of shrimp fed with 75 and 100% RPC. Survival in shrimp was not significantly affected by dietary protein source and level (p〉0.05). Regarding FAs, ∑n6 and PUFA increased significantly as the RPC levels increased, but the n-3/n-6 ratio, EPA+DHA, MUFA, SFA and ∑n3 were significantly declined (p〈0.05). However, tail-muscle FA composition reflected the inclusion of plant protein. Lipid quality indices (AI and TI) showed significant variation, but were very favourable for the consumers’ health. The present study suggests that RPC can replace FM up to 50% in diets for L. vannamei with no significant effect on the growth, but a decreasing trend in quality of tail-muscle FAs was observed when the RPC level increased.

Description: Published

Description: This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of atrazine herbicide on the fry of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901). First the 96-h LC50 of the fry were exposed to atrazine at the concentration of 24.95 ppm was determined. Then the toxicity of this herbicide on Caspian kutum fry exposed to the concentration of 12.47ppm (1/2 LC50), for four days was measured and compared with a control group. Comparison of the length, weight and condition factor showed no significant differences between atrazine exposed and control group. The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- in the whole body of fry in control and atrazine exposure groups were as the following order: Ca2+〉K+〉 Na +〉 Cl- 〉Mg2+ and Ca2+〉Na+〉K+〉Mg2+〉Cl-, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of all these ions were higher in atrazine exposure group than control group, except for Cl-, and the only significant differences was found in Na+ concentration. Major histopathological effects of atrazine on the gills were hyperplasia and thickening of the filaments, separation of the pavement cells of the lamellae epithelium from the pillar cells and swelling of the epithelial cells. Results of the present study showed that atrazine could affect the ion composition of the body, and caused major damages in gill epithelium even at sublethal concentration and acute exposure, but had no effects on the growth parameters.

Description: Published

Description: In this study, for the first time in Iran, the karyotype of bigmouth Lotak, Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843, was investigated through examining metaphase chromosomes of seven fish with mean weight 30±5g caught by electrofishing from Godarkhosh River in Ilam Province. To stimulate cell divisions, fish were injected intraperitoneally two times by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The cell divisions were arrested in metaphase stage by intraperitoneal injection of colchicine. Well-separated cells were obtained from kidney and gill filament and chromosome spreads were prepared and stained with giemsa. Karyotype was obtained as 2n=50. The karyotype consisted of 5 metacentric, 12 submetacentric and 8 telocentric chromosome pairs. Centromeric index, arm ratio and Fundamental Number (FN) were determined as 0-50, 1-∞, and 84, respectively.

Description: Published

Description: A study was carried out to evaluate the probiotic activity of Bacillus subtilis G1 isolated from fermented pickles in growth performance and disease resistance of Hemibagrus nemurus fingerlings at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The probiotic was mixed in feed at doses of 0 (C, control), 3 x 109 (T1) 3 x 107 (T2) and 3 x 105 (T3) cfu g-1 and fed to the catfish fingerlings for nine weeks. Results showed that catfish fed a diet containing 107 cfu g-1 B. subtilis G1 had significantly higher percent weight gain (248.69 ± 3.31%), and better food conversion ratio (1.68 ± 0.03), than those of other treatments. Inhibitory activity of the probiotic B. subtilis G1 against fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae was evaluated by well diffusion agar method. Inhibition zones measured showed A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae were 16.13 ± 0.91 mm and 17.5 ± 1.84 mm, respectively, indicating strong inhibitory activity against the pathogens. Three weeks after the feeding trial, the fingerlings were challenged with 0.1 ml containing 106 cfu ml-1 of A. hydrophila by intra-peritoneal injection. After 14 days, the mortality rate of catfish was significantly lower in group T1 (30 ± 5.8%) compared to the control (C) group (56.7 ± 3.3%). The findings of this study proved that administration of B. subtilis G1 can improve growth and disease resistance in catfish.

Description: Published

Description: Sturgeon is one of the most important species of the Caspian Sea aquatics. Unfortunately, this species faces the threat of extinction today. This makes specific studies on any type of sturgeons more important than before. Studies like histological studies, radiology, and sonography, all require a complete understanding of the anatomy of this fish. Since pilot studies showed some misconceptions in description of the sturgeon digestive system, this study was conducted to evaluate more precise anatomical structure of the digestive system of Acipenser persicus as the most important sturgeon species of Iran. A total of 40 adult Acipenser persicus were used in this experiment. They were autopsied primary to the study. All parts of the digestive system from buccal cavity toward rectum and anal orifice were evaluated. The anatomical structure and relations of the different parts of the digestive system including oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, pyloric process, small intestine, spiral intestine, rectum, liver and pancreas were described. The digestive tube is relatively short. The stomach has two parts. The first part, or the proventricle, is U-shaped. The second part or gizzard has thick muscles and is almost surrounded with liver lobes. Pyloric caecum is located on the left side bottom of the gizzard as a sponge like structure. The intestines are made of 3 parts: the small intestine, the spiral colon, and the rectum. The small intestine has two flexures that separate it to three parts named the descending, ascending, and the end part, respectively. The spiral colon is the longest part of the digestive tube. This part has mucosal spiral septum on the inner surface. The rectum is short and located in the middle of the abdominal cavity. However, in the present study the opening was shown to be located in the muscular stomach and the intestine junction, just close to the gall bladder duct opening.

Description: Published

Description: The Gorgan Bay is an important ecosystem receiving discharge from their tributaries. In this study, concentration of Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Al, Cu and As was seasonally determined at 22 sampling points during 2012-2013.Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab. The levels of heavy metals were determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The percentages of sand, silt, clay and TOM (Total Organic Matter) in the sediment samples were determined (44.4± 15, 53.4 ± 14, and 2.2± 2.2 and 7.2% ± 1.6, respectively). The results showed that range of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were 0.4-2%, 2.6- 8.6 ppm, 8.1-12.4 ppm, 0.9 – 1.2 % , 11.5-16.8 ppm, 5.9-13.6 ppm and 21.8-28.8 ppm, respectively. In spring, both Al and Ni were higher than the guideline level. In the event that arsenic was exceeds the guidelines in summer. In general, according to the results of EF (Enrichment Factor) and PLI (Pollution Load Index) can be concluded, Gorgan Bay is low risk and not contaminated. According to the results of the nmMDS (non-metric Multidimensional Scaling), PCA (Principal Components Analysis) and the map of distribution of heavy metals, it seems Gorgan Bay are divided into two separate zones (the eastern and the western parts).

Description: Published

Description: Twenty four farmed great sturgeon, Huso huso (including 8 males and 16 females) over 6 years old were used to develop a method for determination of sex and maturity stages. Seasonal gonadal tissue and blood samples were collected from farmed great sturgeon for three years. The sex and stages of maturity were determined by histology and laparoscopy at the beginning and end of experiment. Plasma sex steroid hormone levels [testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P)] were measured by radioimmunoassay, and plasma calcium ion levels were measured by spectrophotometer. Mean concentrations of testosterone, progesterone and estradiol in blood plasma of H. huso at maturity stages II, III and IV were 10.86±1.63, 54.14±3.1, 112.41±7.4 0.84±0.12, 15.66±2.18, 50.75±3.63 ng/ml in males and 9.0±1.39, 6.51± 0.64, 2.95±2.29, 5.45±0.29, 9.47±0.97 and 4.15±0.7 ng/ml in females, respectively. Testosterone and estradiol levels showed significant differences at various stages. Calcium level at stages II, III and IV of sexual maturity in females (8.05 ± 0.09, 10.4 ± 0.34 and 9.6 ± 0.6 mg/dl) was more than males (7.73 ± 0.16, 8.58 ± 0.13 and 8.76 ± 0.11 mg/dl). Results showed that steroid hormone concentration and calcium level of blood plasma in males and females vary between different stages of sexual maturity. Therefore it can be used to determine the stages of sexual maturity in farmed H. huso.

Description: Published

Description: Three different varieties of cottonseed meal (CSM) were evaluated to measure the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of the nutrients using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as an indigestible marker. Five experimental diets were prepared and mixed with 1% of Cr2O3, 2% of mineral and vitamin each of which were premixed. Diet 1 was used as the control diet. Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were formulated using 70% of the control diet together with 30% of each ofthe cottonseed meal Pak (CSMP), cottonseed meal Sahel (CSMS), cottonseed meal Akra (CSMA), and soya bean meal (SBM), respectively, in three replications.The ADC of the three CSM varieties was measured to be 53.8-62.7%, 60.2-66.6% and 75.6-82.4% for dry matter, fat and crude protein, respectively. Survival rate for all fishes used in this study was more than 98%. Fishes fed with the CSM diets were not significantly different compared with those fed with the SBM diet in terms of survival rate (p〉0.05). Apparent protein digestibility of CSMP and CSMS showed no significant difference with SBM (p〉0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that two kinds of CSM could be used as a replacement for SBM in rainbow trout as a protein source.

Description: Published

Description: Considering the ever increasing population and industrialization leading to developmental trend of humankind's life, we are hardly able to detect the toxins produced in food products using traditional techniques. In this technique, the production of molecular framework and polymer is done using meta acrylic acid monomers, which are formed via covalence connection between meta acrylic acid monomers (MAA) of white polymer. Here also hydrogenised connection between exotoxin amino acid and meta acrylic acid is made that would function as the selective absorption for that. Then in the second stage, based on the bacterial antibody connection to nanoparticle, a sensor was used. In this part of the research, as the basis for absorption for the recognition of bacterial toxin, medium sized silica nanoparticles of 10 nanometer in the form of solid powder were utilized with Notrino brand. Then the suspension produced from agent-linked nanosilica which was connected to bacterial antibody was positioned near the samples of distilled water, that were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacterial toxin with the density of 10-3, so that in case any toxin exists in the sample, a connection between toxin antigen and antibody would be formed. Finally, the light absorption related to the connection of antigen to the particle attached antibody was measured using spectrophotometers. The results indicate that the molecular framework polymer sensor is capable of detecting up to the density of 10-3, but not lower than that, whereas using the second sensor, up to 10-4 of density is detectable. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensors were examined after 60 days and the first sensor by the day of 28 and the second sensor by the 56 day had confirmatory results and started to decrease after those time periods.

Description: Published

Description: A reproductive biology study of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, was conducted from May 2010 to October 2011. The results showed that the annual sex ratio is not M: F=1:1, with 51.9 % female. All the five stages of ovarian development of P. segnis were observed throughout the year. The size of ovigerous crabs varied from 103 to 155 mm. carapace width. This crab can spawn all year round with a spawning peak in mid-winter to early of spring season. The fecundity of ovigerous crabs ranged from 521027 to 6656599 eggs, with average fecundity of 2397967 eggs. The minimum carapace width (CW) of female crabs that reach sexual maturity was 92-138 mm and the length at which 50% of all ovigerous females was 113 mm carapace width.

Description: Published

Description: Seasonal changes in the diel feeding patterns of the zooplanktivorous icefish (Neosalanx taihuensis), which is an endemic species of China, were studied in the large, shallow eutrophic Lake Chaohu of China during the autumn of 2002 and summer of 2003. The results of the diel feeding rhythm indicate that icefish is a visual particulate feeder. There were large differences in diet composition and the selection indices of certain prey by icefish. In general, icefish fed more on calanoids than on cyclopoids, and fed more on larger cladocerans (i.e., Daphnia, Moina, Leptodora) than smaller cladocerans (i.e., Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia). Icefish is highly selective of individual food items, with prey selection also being dependent on fish size. There was no significant difference in the prey selection between male and female icefish. This study provides the first report of diel feeding rhythm in icefish, and is the first comparative study on prey selection between male and female icefish.

Description: Published

Description: Monthly sampling of speckled shrimp was conducted by bottom trawl in the Iskenderun Bay between November 2009 and October 2010. There was a linear relationship between carapace length and total length in males and females (TL = -0.112 + 0.2294*CL R2 = 0.8298, n = 327) for males, (TL = -0.3918 + 0.2731 * CL R2 = 0.8919, n = 457) for females, and (TL = -0.378 + 0.2684 * CL R2=0.8492, n=784) for total individuals. Total length-weight relationships were W=0.0135*TL2.7817 for males, W= 0.0115*TL2.8535 for females, and W=0.0109*TL2.8108 for total individuals. The von Bertalanffy growth constants in length was TL= 162.75mm, K = 1.39 year–1, t0 = -0.0604 year for males TL= 178.40mm, K = 1.51 year-1, t0 = -0.780 year for females and TL= 174.14mm, K = 1.47 year-1, t0 = -0.0721 year for total individuals. In this study, the total (Z), natural (M) and fishing (F) mortality coefficient and exploitation rates (E) were determined as 5.39 year-1, 2.39 year-1, 3.00 year-1 and E=0.56 year-1, respectively for all of the obtained individuals.

Description: Published

Description: The intestinal bacterial diversity of Stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) clone library and Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. The coverage of the library was 77.4%, with approximately 88.7% of the sequences affiliated to Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria and Vibrio sp. were the predominant groups in the intestine of S. japonicus. Some bacteria such as Legionella sp., Brachybacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Propionigenium sp. and Psychrobacter sp were first identified in the intestine of sea cucumber.

Description: Published

Description: The visceral storage fat and liver of patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are normally discarded, which incurs cost and can cause environmental pollution. However, these may be potential sources to extract fish oil. The proximate and fatty acid compositions of liver and fatty tissue of patin catfish were investigated to evaluate the suitability of these by-products for extracting fish oil. Fat was extracted using a low temperature solvent extraction method. The average fat content of fatty tissue and liver of females were 77.64 and 11.71%, respectively, whereas in males this was73.23 and 9.59%, respectively. Fatty acids found in the extracted oil of these byproducts were C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:0, C20:1, C20:4, C20:5, and C22:6.The major fatty acids presented in these tissues were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of liver from male and female patin catfish were 13.31 and 13.30%, respectively, whereas in the fatty tissue these were11.64 and 12.09%, respectively. The n-3 to n-6 ratios of liver and fatty tissue of females were 1.61and 0.95, respectively, whereas in male fish these were 1.31 and 1.05, respectively. Results of this study indicated that the liver and fatty tissues of patin catfish are suitable sources of fish oil specifically due to the presence of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Description: Published

Description: The rapid growth of aquaculture is accompanied by increased discharge of nutrient-rich wastewaters into rivers and coastal waters leading to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Seaweeds are suitable candidates to reduce dissolved inorganic nutrient concentration discharged through aquaculture effluent, and can improve water quality and allow for sustainable aquaculture. In this study the de-eutrophication ability of Ulva reticulata was investigated in a shrimp hatchery in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia by evaluating its ability to remove nutrients from shrimp brood stock effluent (SBE) in a batch culture system. The biofiltration ability of U. reticulata was confirmed by the significant reduction in nutrient concentrations during a 12 day period. The concentration of ammonium-nitrate (NH3-N) was reduced by 100 % (after 12 h), nitrite (NO2-N) by 100 % (after 18 h), orthophosphate (PO4-P) by 89 % (after 12 days) and nitrate (NO3-N) by 33 % (after 12 days). An 18.5 % increase in biomass of the seaweed over the experimental period was also observed. The mean relative growth rate (RGR) of U. reticulate reached 1.6±0.1 % d-1.The U. reticulata grew well in SBE, producing protein (6.1 ±1.1 %) and carbohydrate (39.9 ±4.5 %). Carbohydrate (P〈0.05) and protein(p〉0.05) content in seaweed growing in SBE were higher than seawater. The results of this study indicate that U. reticulata can be used directly as an effective biofilter for nutrient removal from shrimp hatchery effluent.

Description: Published

Description: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the causative virus of disease, is found in most shrimp farming areas in Iran, and it cause large economic losses to the shrimp farming industry. Shrimp aquaculture is an important industry in Iran and plays an important role in aquaculture production. The shrimp production in 2012 was more than 12000 metric tonnes and it is estimated it will reach 20000 tonnes in 2013.White spot syndrome virus is highly virulent in shrimp farms and can spread quickly and - cause up to 100% mortality within 3-7 days. The virus is a very large, enveloped, double stranded DNA (ds DNA) and assigned by ICTV to a new genus Whispovirus and belong to Nimaviridae family. In Iran WSSV first appeared in Khuzestan Province in the south of Iran and later on it appeared in other provinces such as Bushehr, and Sistan and Baluchestan. The aim of this review is to give current information of WSSV in Iran, host ranges, carriers, biology, clinical signs, histopathology, PCR, with emphasis on the effects of WSSV in shrimp aquaculture.

Description: Published

Description: To determine the composition and abundance of zooplankton assemblages in Eğirdir Lake-Turkey, monthly surveys were conducted from January to December 2010 at four stations. A total of 65 major zooplankton species were identified. Rotifera was the most abundant taxon dominated mainly by the species Polyarthra dolichoptera and Keratella cochlearis. Rotifers were recorded at the maximum abundance of 5.609 individuals/L in October at the fourth station, and their highest mean abundance was 783±1358 individuals/L at the third station. There was a highly significant difference (p〈0.001) that October was differentiated from other sampling months with the highest rotifera and zooplanktonic abundance. Although the mean total zooplankton abundance at four stations was changed between 357±429 and 841±1375 individuals/L, no significant difference was recorded amongst sampling statitons in view point of abundance variation (p〉0.05). The zooplankton abundance comprised: Rotifera = 89.62 % Cladocera = 7.78 % and Copepoda = 2.60 %. Newly reported species from the lake were: the rotifers Conochilus dossuarius, Euchlanis dilatata, Trichotria tetractis, Trichocerca bicristata, Trichocerca capucina, Trichocerca cylindrica, Lecane stenroosi and Lepadella patella, and the cladocerans Biapertura affinis, Coronatella rectangula, Alona qaudrangularis, Alona guttata, Alonella excisa, Alonella nana, Disparalona rostrata, IIyocryptus sordidus, Acroperus harpae, Monospilus dispar and Camptocercus uncinatus. The annual mean concentration of chlorophyll-a was 3.0±0.2 mg/m3. According to the Carlson’s trophic state index, Eğirdir Lake is mesotrophic–eutrophic. A Brachionus: Trichocerca quotient value of 1.25 was calculated, clearly indicating that the lake is mesotrophic. Zooplankton composition data were analyzed using Shannon’s diversity index and ranged from 0.90–1.77.

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out with the aim of examining the seasonal reproductive cycle of the female crayfish Astacus leptodactylus from Aras Dam Lake, Western-Azerbaijan, Iran. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), and oocyte size were measured in females sampled seasonally in June, August, November(2011), January(2012). Development of the oocytes was categorized according to the diameter and the presence/absence of yolk granules. The ovary development was accompanied by increasing levels gonadosomatic index and egg diameter. Ovarian development histologicaly related to the seasonal GSI . This index was low in June (0.61±0.05) when oocytes started developing and reached the highest value in November (13.53±0.25), when vitellogenic oocytes were abundant in the mature ovary. Our results highlight the relationship between the ovary development and the GSI and egg diameter in the crayfish A.leptodactylus during the reproductive cycle and held important implications for the management of aquatic species. Thus, investigation of female A. leptodactylus reproduction is highly significant for fisheries managers as well as environmentalists concerned with perpetuating crayfish stocks.

Description: Published

Description: The compensatory growth, proximate composition and amino acid contents changes of young yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco R.) (1.63-1.69 g) had been investigated using a 45-day cyclic feed deprivation and re-feeding experiment. The control group (S0) was fed daily with live tubificid worms (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri), while the S1/4, S1/2, and S1/1 groups cyclically experienced one-day of feed deprivation followed by four, two or one day(s) of feeding, respectively. Over- or full-compensatory growth was achieved in the cyclic deprivation/re-feeding groups through increased feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). However, the fish behaved different courses of growth compensation, the compensatory growth responses of fish subjected to a weaker intensity of feed deprivation (i.e., S1/4) compared with more intense deprivation (i.e., S1/1) was achieved in these groups mainly by a gradual increases in FR or by maintaining a high FCE, respectively. The cyclic deprivation/re-feeding schedules did not affect the proximate composition of the fish body, however, the amino acid parameters were inversely related to the specific growth rate, the fish showing growth over-compensation contained significantly lower contents of total amino acids, essential and non-essential amino acids.

Description: Published

Description: Traditional morphometric measurements and meristic counts were used to investigate the hypothesis of population fragmentation of Mash mahi, Aspius aspius taeniatus (Eichwald, 1831) among two fishing areas in southern Caspian Sea basin(Tonekabon:32 specimens and Sari:34 specimens ). Univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the two groups for 12 out of 26 standardized morphometric measurement and three out of nine meristic counts. In discriminant function analysis (DFA), the proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original groups was 82.1% and 61.2% for morphometric and meristic characteristics, respectively. Clustering based on Euclidean distances among groups of centroids using an UPGMA and also principal component analysis’ results (PCA) for morphometric and meristic data indicated that two samples of Mash mahi were distinct from each other in these regions, while there were a relatively high degree of overlap between two locations.

Description: Published

Description: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate as a dietary ascorbic acid source on blood parameters of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius), including red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) and WBC differential. A total number of 600 Caspian brown trout (9.6±0.6 g) fingerlings were randomly distributed in triplicates among five treatments each containing 40 specimens. Experimental diets were also prepared by adding 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate to the basal diet. Feeding was done for nine weeks in each treatment. The survival rate in all treatments was 100%. The results showed a significant increase in RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and lymphocyte (p〈0.05) by supplementing L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate compared to the control treatment. The fish fed by 200 mg ascorbic acid kg-1 diet had the maximum hemoglobin and hematocrit in comparison with the other treatments. The current research showed that dietary L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate influences the complete blood count of Caspian brown trout while fingerlings fed with the optimum amounts of 200 mg ascorbic acid kg-1 diet for a period of 9 weeks trail.

Description: Published

Description: The scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the ultrastructures of the egg membrane surface (unfertilized egg) of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849. The eggs of this species were almost circular in shape, had a smooth surface and one type II micropyle consisting of the flat pit and a long canal in the animal polar region. The micropyle region was not flat, micropyle was circular or oval in shape and the micropyle canal was located in its center. Round or oval accessory pores were also observed in the pit around of the micropylar canal. The surface of zona radiata was smooth with a uniform distribution of almost round pores with lips.

Description: Published

Description: Effect of feeding on linseed oil (LO)-enriched Artemia was investigated on growth, survival and stress resistance of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) larvae. Larvae were fed by LO-enriched (2.5, 5 and 7.5 %) as well as non-enriched Artemia nauplii for 14 d, followed by 14 d feeding on non-enriched Artemia. Fish fed on enriched nauplii showed significant increase in growth performance at both 14th and 28th d. Also, fish fed on enriched Artemia, especially those fed on 7.5 % LO, showed greater resistance in response to osmotic and hypoxia stress at 28th d. The results suggest that LO enriched Artemia nauplii are capable to promote growth and stress response in tiger barb larvae.

Description: Published

Description: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of replacing fish meal with plant sources on growth performance, immune responses, hematological parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout. In this study, mean of initial body weight of fish was 15±2 g and the experiment was carried out for a period of 60 days. Four experimental diets were formulated to replace 0, 40, 70 and 100% fish meal with plant protein sources (wheat gluten, corn gluten and soybean meal). According to results, higher plant protein inclusions (70 and 100%) resulted in undesirable effects on growth, nutritional indices, serum total immunoglobulin and alternative complement activity (P 〈 0.05). Otherwise, results suggested that it is possible to replace 40% of fish meal with plant counterparts without any noticeable negative effects on growth and humeral immune parameters (lysozyme activity and total antibody) (P 〉 0.05). Furthermore, replacement of fish meal with plant sources in all treatments had no significant effects on blood parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, hetrophil and lymphocytes count). Finally, no significant differences were observed in fish mortality after 15 days of challenges with Yersinia ruckeri among treatments (P 〉 0.05).

Description: Published

Description: To identify Kraft liquor effects on spermatogenesis and sperm motility of Caspian kutums by using in vitro culture, the fish testis was incubated with 5, 10 and 15 % (V/V) of liquor for 3 and 6 days. The percentage of motile spermatozoa and its total duration were also measured. Adverse effects on testicular cells were more apparent with the increase of liquor concentrations. The mean size of spermatogonia and spermatocytes decreased significantly (p〈0.001) in dose-dependent manner compared to controls. With the increase of concentration, the number of spermatocytes and spermatids decreased (p〈0.001) but the number of spermatogonia, increased (p〈 0.05). The increase of liquor concentration showed a significantly decrease of percentage of motile spermatozoa and total duration of spermatozoa (p〈0.05) but there was no significant difference in most treatments (p〉0.05). This study showed the detrimental effects of low levels of kraft liquor on testicular development and sperm quality in the kutums.

Description: Published

Description: Bee-collected pollen (bee pollen) is reported as a health food with a vast range of nutritional and therapeutic effects. Biochemical and hematological parameters in blood of rainbow trout treated to various concentrations of pollen (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppm) for 96 h were determined. The levels of total protein, creatinine, chloride and sodium in fish which exposed to different concentrations of pollen were not changed (P〉0.05) as compared with the control group. In this study, the highest total antioxidant capacity of pollen were determined at 10 ppm concentration and paraoxonase activity was not observed in the fish serum. It is concluded that concentration-dependent effects of pollen on blood of fish can be favorable in disease prevention.

Description: Published

Description: This study investigated the effects of increasing mercury (Hg) concentration on early developmental stages of sea urchin, Echinomethra mathaei, as a bioindicator. The toxicity test was carried out after the gamete released induction and fertilization in six concentrations of mercury within the range of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 µg/L. Embryos samples were incubated for 30 h in control and test solutions. After incubation, the percentage of developed 4-arm pluteus larvae was recorded in each group and embryonic abnormalities were studied by a microscope. Results of this study indicate that exposure of embryos to increasing mercury concentrations lead to abnormalities such as changes to shape and size of pluteus larval arms and also arrested development in early embryonic stages. Furthermore, embryos were analyzed to determine mercury absorption by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). The median effective concentration (EC50) value calculated for mercury was 17/42 µg/L.

Description: Published

Description: In order to does this study, 150 Persian sturgeons having 75g mean weight transferred to 500 liter tanks. After dividing the fishes into two groups (experimental and control), the fingerlings fed by concentrate food that contained different levels of Zataria multiflora essential oil (15, 25, 50, 100 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Finally, sampling carried out on blood and serum of fishes. After preparing the samples based on standard methods, hematology and serology studies, performed. The results showed significant difference in mean of monocytes between experimental and control groups (P〈0.05). In treatment 25g/kg, monocyte count was more than other treatments. But there were no significant differences in mean and standard deviation of other white blood cells. The results of serologic studies showed no significant differences in serum indices (C3, C4 and total protein) (P〉0.05), but there is significant difference in mean and standard deviation of albumin. So that, the average in treatments 15 and 25g/kg and control group was more than treatments 50 and 100g/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil.

Description: Published

Description: During a survey of Gahar Lake and Gahar River from 2008 to 2009 some specimen obtained by seasonal sampling in 6 stations, 3 stations in the lake and 3 stations in the river. Three different methods were used for sampling, gill net and hook in the lake and electrofishing in the river. Due to the results 3 species from 2 families in Gahar Lake and 12 species form 3 families in Gahar River were identified. Most of the fish species belonged to Cyprinidae and Salmonidae families. Distribution and abundance of species were recognized. Oncorhynchus mykiss in Gahar Lake and Capoeta damascina in Gahar River had the most abundance.

Description: Published

Description: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious disease that affects many species of fish and shellfish. This virus causes economically important diseases of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in Iran which is often associated with the transmission of pathogens from European resources. In this study, moribund rainbow trout fry were collected during an outbreak of IPNV in three different fish farms in one northern province (Mazandaran), and two west provinces (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad) of Iran. We investigated full genome sequence of Iranian IPNV and compared it with previously identified IPNV sequences. The sequences of different structural and non-structural protein genes were compared with other aquatic birnaviruses sequenced to date. Our results showed that the Iranian isolate fall within genogroup 5, serotype A2 strain SP, having 99 % identity with the strain 1146 from Spain. These results suggest that the Iranian isolate may have originated from Europe.

Description: Published

Description: Fatty acids especially Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as more prevalent among the essential fatty acids are very important for normal physiology of marine fishes and also very beneficial to human health in particular for reducing risk of heart diseases, growth of fetal nerve tissue and infant brain and visual function (Colquhoun et al., 2008; Khoddami et al., 2009; Oksuz et al., 2011; Khoddami et al., 2012). Few studies have been conducted on fatty acid content and composition of fish carcass during the spawning season. Tziask et al., (2007) showed that the fat content of Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurns mediterraneus carcass reaches its lowest level during the spawning season. Also, the lipid content of two fish species Sardinella longicep and Sardinella fimbriata was found to be higher in fish sampled before sexual maturation compared to those sampled at the peak of sexual maturation (Som and Radhakrishnan, 2013). However, there was no significant difference in lipid content of mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta before sexual maturation and at the peak of sexual maturation (Ganga, 2010). Also, There were significant differences (P〈0.05) in the levels of SFA,MUFA and PUFA in terms of species, season and muscle types of Mediterranean Octopuses (Ayas, 2012).

Description: Published

Description: The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproduction of three species of kilka, including common, anchovy and bigeye kilka in the southeastern waters of Caspian Sea. This study was conducted during 2010 and 6476 specimens were fortnightly collected from fishing landing site. Body weight and fork length were measured. The samples were dissected and female gonads were weighed. Sexual maturity classification was carried out based on six stages in ovarian development. Age was determined using sagitta otoliths. Results were compared with the previous years. Male: Female ratio in common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were 1: 0.779, 0.569: 1 and 0.656: 1, respectively. Study of sexual maturity stages and GSI showed that common kilka spawning began in March and ended in July with the peak in May. Spawning period of anchovy kilka was more extensive than common kilka and take place from April to November with a peak in November. Bigeye kilka spawned during the year entirely. Its spawning occurred intensively during the autumn with a peak in October. Our results showed that M: F ratio differs during the year which is related to their reproduction. The reproduction scheduling of kilka species comparing with the previous years had some changes but has not significantly been affected by the Caspian Sea pelagic changes.

Description: Published

Description: Age, growth and reproduction were investigated for Chondrostoma regium, collected monthly (November 2007- August 2008) from the Dimeh Spring region, Zayandeh Roud River, Iran. The maximum age of collected female and male fish were estimated based on scale increments as five and four years respectively. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were calculated as L_t=246[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.034))], W_t=163.29〖[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.034))]〗^2.77 for females and L_t=253.1[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.175))], W_t=188.25〖[1-e^(-0.206(t-0.175))]〗^2.99 for males. Size ranges of the male and female specimens were almost similar. The fork length range for females was 10.5-18.0 cm and 10.7-19.7 cm for males and the weight range was 15.7-85.4 g in females, and 14.5-88.5 g in males. The female-male ratio was 1.8:1 (p〈0.05), and for both sexes gonadal development and sexual maturity occurred in the second year of their life. Length-weight relationships revealed isometric growth pattern for males and a negative allometric growth for females. Monthly data of Gonadosomatic Index, and ovary condition suggested that spawning occurred during May and June. The mean absolute and relative fecundity was calculated as 2429±1512 (eggs/female) and 78.118.7 (egg/g), respectively, and fecundity was significantly correlated with both body weight (r2=0.90) and fork length and (r2=0.84).

Description: Published

Description: Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Cobitis keyvani (Mousavi-Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, Ozeren and Moradkhani, 2012), an endemic Loach fish species from the Talar River in the southern Caspian Sea basin, in north of Iran was studied by regular monthly collections throughout a year. Fecundity, condition factor, gonado-somatic, modified gonado-somatic and Dobriyal indices were estimated. Regression analyses tested the dependence of fecundity on fish length, weight, gonad weight and age. Significant differences were observed between the total number of females and males, females being more abundant. The mature females and males were longer than 49 and 45 mm in total length, and +2 and +1 in age, respectively. The average egg’s diameter was 0.56 mm. The spawning of Cobitis keyvani from Talar River took place from May to late July, when the water temperature is between 18.7 to 24.0°C. At the beginning of the reproduction period, the average GSI values were 10.09%, ranging from 6 to 25% in ripe mature females. The absolute and relative fecundity were 2211 and 586 respectively. The absolute fecundity was significantly related to body weight and gonads weight. Based on the gonado-somatic and Dobriyal indices, it was concluded that the fish has a prolonged active reproductive period. Their long reproductive activity and high range of fecundity are types of adaptation by short-lived small fishes to environmental conditions.

Description: Published

Description: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in hematological and plasma indices of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio with regard to age, sex and hormonal treatment. Sixty fish were used to assess the age factor. Also, 20 fish including female and male were assigned to determine blood indices with regard to sex and hormonal treatment. The pituitary gland extract was used as hormone for males and females. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), calcium, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, protein and phosphorus showed significant differences among ages. However, hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte and neutrophil did not show significant differences. Statistical analysis revealed that males had higher values of RBC, Ht, Hb, MCV, MCH, lymphocyte, neutrophil and cholesterol compared to females. Some hematology and plasma indices influenced both sexes before and after hormonal treatment. These results provide useful information for monitoring changes in the health status of fish.

Description: Published

Description: Growth rate of the green algae, Scenedesmus obliquus, influenced by Diuron, with the trade name of (Karmex) and chemical name of (N'-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N,N-Dimethylurea), was examined in the present study. This study is performed in the laboratory of National Inland Waters Aquaculture Institute in Iran during 96 hours in 6 treatment and 3 replicates, using 500 cc Erlenmeyer Flasks. Measurement of growth rate in the same period of time was performed by three simultaneous methods of cell counting, measurement of turbidity and determination of the rate of chlorophyll a. Quantities of EC10, EC50, EC90 and allowable concentration level of this poison for the studied algae were obtained as 0/0019, 0/1, 0/05, 0/02 milligram per liter, respectively. Achieved quantities of EC were used in four 500cc Erlenmeyer flasks each containing more than one million algae cells and in 24h periods adding up to be 96 hours, concentration of the algal cells was evaluated by cell counting. Results of the present experiment showed that the frequency of S. obliquus was significantly different in presence of concentrations obtained from EC indicators and decreased sharply in EC90 quantities.

Description: Published